CN1293232A - Process for preparing liquefied natural gas - Google Patents

Process for preparing liquefied natural gas Download PDF

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CN1293232A
CN1293232A CN 99120786 CN99120786A CN1293232A CN 1293232 A CN1293232 A CN 1293232A CN 99120786 CN99120786 CN 99120786 CN 99120786 A CN99120786 A CN 99120786A CN 1293232 A CN1293232 A CN 1293232A
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gas
natural gas
tower
temperature
pressure
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CN1095496C (en
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余庆发
余良
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

A process for preparing liquefied natural gas includes such steps as compressing-expanding N2 to obtain cold, pre-treated raw material natural gas, continuously cooling in heat exchanger by obtained cold until it is liquefied, and removing N2 in denitridation tower to obtain liquid methane with purity of 99.5%, which can be used as fuel, and heavy hydrocarbon as by-product, which can be used as raw chemical material or fuel. Its liquefied rate can reach 100%. The N2 from denitridation tower can be cyclically used.

Description

The production method of natural gas liquids
The present invention relates to a kind of liquifying method of Sweet natural gas, particularly a kind of production method that contains high purity methane Sweet natural gas (LNG).
The main component of Sweet natural gas is a methane, also contains a small amount of ethane and heavy hydrocarbon.Its liquifying method is a lot.Once disclosed the innovation and creation of a kind of " producing natural gas liquids in deep cooling gas plant " on the Chinese patent communique on November 12nd, 1997, its publication number is: CN1164890A.This production method be residual gas tributary by will flowing out deep cooling factory as a kind of gas material, the production fluid Sweet natural gas in next life (LNG) that is liquefied.This tributary is preferably compressed in deep cooling factory residual gas compression machine earlier.Make cooling medium with this tributary with deep cooling factory demethanizing cat head gas (or similar cold air stream of factory)--compress logistics through residual gas compression machine, be condensed into liquid.Then, allow condensed fluid under a series of pressure that reduce gradually, utilize one or more Doule-Tnomson valves to expand, thereby LNG is reached be convenient to the temperature and pressure of storing and transporting.Though this inventive method can make full use of the residual gas tributary cold of deep cooling gas plant, again contained main component methane liquefaction in the residual gas tributary is become product, only need to increase small number of devices, and capital investment and energy consumption cost but minimize, and flow process is simple, and is easy to operate.But because this method must have a deep cooling gas plant to match with it, said " deep cooling " this term is meant the factory of operation below Fahrenheit-50 degree.And through the logistics that the residual gas condenser discharges, must incorporate pipe network into, this just makes this method produce significant limitation.Moreover, for guaranteeing the cold balancing of former deep cooling gas plant, need to increase an inlet water cooler.Again because the cold that utilizes in the residual gas condenser is limited, so liquefied fraction is lower.And the purity that contains methane in natural of liquefying is not high to be about 98.5%, and contains two bursts of logistics in addition of methane 98.81% and 98.72%, but be merged in pipe network and make fuel and use, and be a kind of waste.Besides owing to utilize the gas phase fraction in the expansion entrance separator to go decompressor to expand, produce gas-liquid mixture, this phenomenon does not allow to occur in expansion process, and this is because the generation of liquid, can damage the decompressor impeller of high speed rotating, cause unnecessary loss.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production method of natural gas liquids, it is liquid that it can make gaseous natural gas dwindle 625 times of one-tenth, contain methane purity 99.5%, be convenient to store, transportation, this highly purified methane liquid, alternative to gasoline is for the fuel of all kinds of locomotives, thereby can avoid the motorcycle tail gas contaminate environment, simultaneously, liquify natural gas is when vaporization, and the cold of generation can reach 121kcal/kg, temperature is-162 ℃, it is fresh-keeping to can be used for fast food freezing, and the low-temperature receiver of rubber tyre pulverize at low temperature and air-conditioning is after making full use of its cold, incorporate gas ductwork again into and be used, economic benefit is more remarkable.In addition, also produce another kind of byproduct heavy hydrocarbon simultaneously, can be used as industrial chemicals or fuel.
The production method of natural gas liquids of the present invention is: natural gas stream is carried out pre-treatment: i.e. washing in alkali liquid washing equipment, desulfurization, decarburization, through the condensing equipment cooling, separate through separating device, remove hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid gas and water, and dry, to produce the raw natural gas logistics; Wherein said natural gas stream comprises the Sweet natural gas that blowout goes out from oil field gas, or the coal mine gas of coalfield discharging before mining, or finds gas well that the contain amount is little and the outlying Sweet natural gas that sets up in pipeline inconvenience, the uneconomic gas well.
Said raw natural gas logistics is cooled in interchanger, liquefies.When being cooled to certain temperature, be mixed in that high-carbon alkanes in the raw natural gas logistics such as ethane, propane, butane, second are rare etc. at first to be liquefied, separate through separating device to be byproduct, store.Said " certain temperature " is relevant with pressure, and it can check in from relevant chart.Isolate logistics behind the high-carbon alkanes and continue cooling and be liquefied, and enter and take off N 2Purify in the tower, slough the N in the logistics 2Gas is drawn product 99.5% highly purified liquid methane (LNG) from the tower still.
The outer circulation N of cold in the wherein said interchanger 2Compressed, expand, refrigeration provides.As circulation N 2In interchanger, cold is passed to N in the natural gas stream 2Itself is by re-heat, compressed again, expand, refrigeration, circulation so goes round and begins again.Wherein saidly taking off N 2Purification in the tower is by from the liquify natural gas logistics in the said interchanger, is taking off N 2Be vaporized in the tower still, form rising gas phase fraction in the tower, the N dirty with cat head 2The liquid phase fraction, their the two common refinery distillations are finished.
Because the present invention adopts aforementioned production method, so it has following advantage:
(1) raw natural gas can all be liquefied, and its liquefied fraction reaches 100%, and is not subjected to the restriction of raw natural gas component friendshipization.In process of production, some high boiling components such as ethane, propane, butane, second are rare etc. is liquefied earlier, and separates and be byproduct, can be used as industrial chemicals or makes fuel.And the liquid methane of the high purity 99.5% of producing as the fuel of locomotive, its sufficient combustion, does not discharge black carbon impurity, can avoid the pollution to environment, is a kind of ideal safety, the efficient and fuel of cleaning.
(2) be applicable to that the pressure range of raw natural gas is wide, between 0.3-20mpa.
(3) use N 2As refrigeration agent.Pass through N 2Compression, expansion, circularly cooling with natural gas liquefaction, are taking off N 2Extract contained minor N in the raw natural gas in the tower 2, replenish N 2Consumption in circulation, thus can avoid air to mix with Sweet natural gas, guarantee the continuity and the security of whole process flow.
(4) adopt the needed complete assembly of the inventive method, the removal setting that can suit measures to local conditions; Simultaneously, raw natural gas wide material sources, the Sweet natural gas that it can go out from the oil field gas blowout; Or from the coal mine gas of troubleshooting before mining, or from finding gas well that the contain amount is little and outlying to set up pipeline both inconvenient, the Sweet natural gas in uneconomic again gas well.
Further describe detailed content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Fig. 1 represents the schema of liquefied natural gas production method.
Fig. 2 is an application example 1, the liquefaction production method schema when expression raw natural gas pressure is 0.3mpa.
Fig. 3 is an application example 2, the liquefaction production method schema when expression raw natural gas pressure is 20mpa.
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of freezing unit.
Embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the schema that adopts the inventive method natural gas liquids.Will be from the known alkali liquid washing pre-treatment of the natural gas via in oil field, become sulfide hydrogen less than 5ppm, carbonic acid gas is less than 10ppm, water is less than the raw natural gas of 10ppm, enter freezing unit ([1]) cooling, make temperature reduce to 4～5 ℃ from original normal temperature, separated out moisture in the desuperheated raw natural gas, in vapour liquid separator ([2]), be removed, enter molecular sieve adsorber ([3]) again, further remove hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid gas, and it is dry, be cooled in main heat exchanger ([4]) between-76 ℃ to-100 ℃ again, optimum temps is between-90 ℃ to-95 ℃, makes except that methane and N 2Outward, other high-carbon alkanes such as ethane, propane, butane, second are rare, hydrogen sulfide etc. all is liquefied, and in heavy hydrocarbon separator ([6]), the liquid of these high-carbon alkanes is separated, and collects as byproduct to be utilized.The raw natural gas that has purified is liquefied in liquefaction interchanger ([5]), through throttling valve ([7]) step-down, enters and takes off N again 2Tower ([12]) takes off N 2After, drawing purity from the tower still is that 99.5% liquid methane (LNG) enters low temperature LNG basin ([8]) as product, stores so that utilize.
More than said normal temperature refer to ambient temperature.
Said freezing unit ([1]) is connected with condensation of refrigerant interchanger ([43]), expansion throttling valve ([44]) and refrigeration agent evaporating heat exchanger ([45]) successively and is constituted by coolant compressor ([42]) as shown in Figure 4.The refrigeration agent that adopts is ammonia or fluorine Lyons.If the needed cold of raw natural gas that is cooled is big, then adopting ammonia is refrigeration agent, is refrigeration agent otherwise select fluorine Lyons for use.And the needed cold of raw natural gas be by raw natural gas per hour the temperature difference before and after the cooling of institute's refrigerative flow and raw natural gas calculate and get.Coolant compressor, condensation of refrigerant interchanger and expansion throttling valve are purchased at random by unit, but the refrigeration agent evaporating heat exchanger, design and select for use by raw natural gas flow, the temperature difference and pressure, and it can suit measures to local conditions to adopt tubular type or plate-fin.
Said vapour liquid separator ([2]) designs by the raw natural gas maximum working pressure, but minimum design pressure must not recommend less than 0.6mpa, pressurized vessel is made the pressure vessel code that will meet country's promulgation, the container work performance will reach the purpose of vapor-liquid separation, common used material is 16MNR pressurized vessel sheet material, and container diameter is 5-10 a times of raw natural gas inlet pipe caliber.
Said pressure refers to the gauge pressure on the tensimeter.
Said molecular sieve adsorber ([3]) switches the pressurized vessel that uses mutually only by two to be formed.Hydrogen sulfide in the molecular sieve adsorption raw natural gas in the pressurized vessel, when carbonic acid gas and moisture, another pressurized vessel is in the regeneration stage, feed the clean nitrogen of pyritous, take away hydrogen sulfide and carbonic acid gas and moisture, put into atmosphere, make molecular sieve recover adsorptive power, also available air is made the regeneration source of the gas, for but safety must be evacuated container, just can feed high temperature air regeneration, also can adopt raw natural gas, needn't emptying with the raw natural gas behind the Bi Zaisheng, can be used as fuel and remove hot reactivation gas, as for the working stage and the time in regeneration stage of molecular sieve, depend on what of impurities in the raw natural gas, and the molecular sieve performance that adopts, the latter need also to have determined the temperature of resurgent gases.The characteristic that said molecular sieve must have adsorption of hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid gas and water etc. and can allow other gas pass through simultaneously; Said pressurized vessel, selected, the manufacturing of its design pressure and the selection of material and vapour, liquid/gas separator ([2]) are identical.
Said main heat exchanger ([4]), liquefaction interchanger ([5]) can adopt tubular heat exchanger, also can adopt plate-fin heat exchanger, and its design pressure depends on raw natural gas pressure and circulation N 2Pressure, the maximum working pressure of the two is considered the conversion of operating mode, getting 3mpa is design pressure.The key of natural gas liquids flow process is the cold problem, and decompressor has produced cold and interchanger will make full use of, and strengthens liquefaction, so the design requirements of heat exchanging device is higher, when two logistics countercurrent flows, at the import and export of interchanger, the temperature difference of two logistics must not be greater than 5 ℃.
It is identical with vapour liquid separator ([2]) that its design pressure of said heavy hydrocarbon separator ([6]) is made requirement, but its material will be fit to work under the low temperature, generally select stainless steel or aluminium for use, this container work gets up to want outside the high-carbon alkanes and displacer that separate easily goes out to be liquefied.
The said N that takes off 2Tower ([12]) is nitrogen (N 2) and methane (CH 4) rectifying tower.The operating pressure of this tower is decided by cat head N 2Gas is to flow path resistance between the compressor and low pressure buffer jar ([15]) operating pressure sum.Its pressurized vessel for being made by stainless steel, aluminium, steel matter has 50～60 blocks of sieve-board type column plates in the middle.Top of tower is-191.5 ℃ 99.9% liquid N 2Downward spray, bottom have one temperature to be-155.5 ℃ methane (CH 4) gaseous state, and the N that contains in the raw natural gas to be brought 2Combined airflow rises, and the air-flow of rising and dirty liquid play refinery distillation on each piece column plate, draw high purity 99.9%N2 gas from cat head, and draw high purity 99.5% liquid methane (CH from the tower still 4).Here said low pressure buffer jar ([15]) is meant that design pressure is 0.06mpa, and volume is 10 cubic metres a iron ware.
Said low temperature LNG basin ([8]) is worked under-162 ℃ of states under normal pressure, and design pressure is 0.06mpa, and volume is 200 liters 2000 liters, and material is stainless steel or aluminium.Here said normal pressure is meant the ambient atmosphere pressure.
Cold in the whole process of raw natural gas from normal temperature to the liquid temperature is by N 2The circulation of gas is finished.Will be from the N in the said low pressure buffer jar ([15]) 2Gas is at N 2Be compressed into the high pressure N of 2.5mpa in the compressor ([16]) 2Gas, again at main heat exchanger ([4]) internal cooling to needed temperature, the one tunnel expands through secondary adiabatic expansion machine ([14]), ([13]), produces cold, in interchanger as low-temperature receiver, and N 2Gas to said normal temperature, is gone compressor to participate in circulation by re-heat again.
Wherein said " liquid temperature " is meant and can makes methane (CH 4) liquefaction temperature, the numerical value of liquefaction temperature is decided by the pressure of raw natural gas, this pressure is high more, liquefaction temperature is also high more, on the contrary liquefaction temperature is low more, when raw natural gas pressure was determined, this liquefaction temperature can check in from relevant chart.
The numerical value of wherein said " cold " must satisfy or require sum greater than following three, that is: 1. raw natural gas needed cold from normal temperature to the liquid temperature; 2. raw natural gas all is in low-temperature condition from entering main heat exchanger ([4]) until low temperature LNG basin ([8]) whole flow process and equipment, to the loss of refrigeration capacity of ambient temperature, is commonly called as cold damage; 3. N 2The incomplete heat exchange loss that the cold that the gas circulation is produced is produced in interchanger.
Wherein said N 2Internal circulating load depends on the capacity of unit, i.e. the swell increment of the free air delivery of compressor or decompressor per hour, and here, the free air delivery of compressor is greater than the swell increment of decompressor.
Wherein said " N 2Gas is collapsed into high pressure N earlier 2Gas ", this high pressure N 2The pressure of gas is determined, according to 1. having calculated required general refrigeration ability; 2. the low pressure after the adiabatic expansion (is taken off N 2The operating pressure of tower); 3. the N that has determined 2Internal circulating load just can calculate this high pressure N 2The pressure of gas.But this high pressure N 2The pressure of gas and internal circulating load will be examined repeatedly, N 2The atmospheric pressure height, N 2Internal circulating load can reduce, N 2Atmospheric pressure is low, and internal circulating load need increase, and can suit measures to local conditions and determine, under the condition that satisfies general refrigeration ability and unit capacity, N 2Atmospheric pressure is low more good more, and like this, low cost, power consumption are also few.
Wherein said N 2" through adiabatic expansion " is meant two turbo-expander series connection expansion step-downs.
Wherein said " needed temperature " is meant the temperature in that enters decompressor, and this temperature is high more, and the temperature after the expansion is also high, so this temperature must satisfy the requirement that temperature after the expansion can reach the liquefaction temperature of foregoing raw natural gas.So after need being cooled to required temperature, adiabatic expansion again.Here adopt advancing the preceding temperature of decompressor ([13]) and control by valve regulated.
Wherein said " compressor ([16]) " preferably adopt oil free compressor, can guarantee N 2Contaminated by not having behind the compressor.
Another road N that from main heat exchanger ([4]), draws 2Gas continues cooling, cooling, by liquefaction interchanger ([5]), enters and takes off N 2Condenser/evaporator ([9]) in the tower still of tower ([12]), in condenser/evaporator ([9]), high pressure N 2Gas is liquefied, and the liquid methane in the tower still is vaporized, and methane has been taken away the N that is dissolved in the liquid when vaporization 2, synthetic one upstream, but the high pressure N that has liquefied 2At liquid N 2Cross in the cold heat exchanger ([10]) by cold excessively, again through throttling valve ([11]) step-down, from taking off N 2Liquid N is sprayed at tower ([12]) top downwards 2Vapour, liquid two-phase play refinery distillation in tower, draw high purity N from cat head 2Gas is at liquid N 2Cross in the cold heat exchanger ([10]) by re-heat, again with expand after N 2Merge, participate in circulation together, can remedy N 2Loss in circulation.And unnecessary N 2From low pressure buffer jar ([15]), draw, can be used as the resurgent gases of molecular sieve.Draw highly purified liquid methane from tower still bottom.
Wherein said " condenser/evaporator ([9]) " can be tubular types, also can be plate-fins, and its design pressure is got N 2The pressure of gas is decided to be 3mpa here.This condenser/evaporator ([9]) is immersed in the liquid methane high pressure N 2In pipe, flow and liquefy, manage outer liquid methane evaporation.
Wherein said liquid N 2It is identical with liquefaction interchanger ([5]) with foregoing main heat exchanger ([4]) to cross cold heat exchanger ([10]).
The front is said from main heat exchanger ([4]), until taking off N 2Tower ([12]), low temperature LNG basin ([8]) is all in low temperature (lower than envrionment temperature) work down.So these equipment all are assembled in the casing made of iron (being commonly called as ice chest), the valve rod lengthening of valve stretches out outside the case, and decompressor removes running wheel in case, rest part all is exposed at outside the case, in ice chest, refill a kind of pearlife of good heat insulating, like this, make cold damage reduce to minimum, be convenient to integral body again and move.
Application example 1:
Fig. 2 is that employing the inventive method liquefaction pressure is the schema of the raw natural gas of 0.3mpa.To from field pressure the Sweet natural gas of 0.3mpa, send into charging separator ([17]) with 10000m3/ days processing power, its specification is Φ 1000 * 3000, carrying out water in this jar separates with the heavy hydrocarbon component, and at the bottom of jar, discharge, Sweet natural gas is drawn from tank deck, and entering specification is caustic wash desulfuration tower ([the 18]) bottom of Φ 600 * 1000, adopt the heat alkali liquid washing of lower concentration 1-6% in the tower bottom, first desulfurization and decarburization.This heat alkali liquid is to be that alkali lye in the alkali-prepared tank ([26]) of Φ 800 * 2000 is in the thermokalite jar ([20]) of Φ 800 * 2000 through joining alkali pump ([25]), sending into specification by specification, in pump for hot alkali solution ([19]) is sent into caustic wash desulfuration tower ([18]) hypomere.The cold alkali liquid washing of high density 7-12%, smart desulfurization and decarburization are adopted in middle part at tower.This cold alkali lye is in the cold alkali jar ([22]) of Φ 800 * 2000 by the alkali lye in the alkali-prepared tank ([26]) of above-mentioned specification through joining alkali pump ([25]), sending into specification, sends into caustic wash desulfuration tower ([18]) middle part through cold alkali pump ([21]) again.Adopt the recirculated water washing on the top of caustic wash desulfuration tower ([18]), remove the alkali mist in the raw natural gas.This recirculated water is water in the water pot ([24]) of Φ 800 * 2000 by specification, sends into the top of caustic wash desulfuration tower ([18]) through water pump ([23]).The raw natural gas logistics (1) of coming out from caustic wash desulfuration tower ([18]) cat head, be cooled to 4～5 ℃ through freon refrigerator group ([1]), enter in the vapour liquid separator that specification is Φ 1000 * 3000 ([2]), in temperature is 4～5 ℃, pressure is to separate under the situation of 0.3mpa, isolates the water droplet discharging.Raw natural gas logistics (2) after the separation, its temperature is that 4～5 ℃ of pressure are 0.3mpa, flow with 18.6kgmol/h enters in the molecular sieve adsorber that specification is Φ 600 * 4000 ([3]), through depriving hydrogen sulphide, decarbonation, dried raw material natural gas stream (3), its temperature is 12～17 ℃, pressure is 0.3mpa, this logistics enters in the main heat exchanger ([4]) with the flow of 18.6kgmol/h, be cooled to-92 ℃ logistics (4), entering specification again is in the heavy hydrocarbon separator ([6]) of Φ 800 * 2000, isolate heavy hydrocarbon component such as ethane, second is rare, propane, butane, liquid such as hydrogen sulfide, discharging from the bottom of heavy hydrocarbon separator ([6]) is byproduct, store, as industrial chemicals or fuel.And draw-92 ℃ logistics (5) from heavy hydrocarbon separator ([6]) top, under the constant situation of pressure, flow with 18.5983kgmol/h, enter in the liquefaction interchanger ([5]), be cooled to-141.5 ℃ liquefaction stream (6), through throttling valve ([7]), be depressurized to the logistics (7) of 0.05mpa, entering specification is the N that takes off of φ 450 * 4500+ Φ 300 * 4500 2In the tower ([12]), take off N 2, from 99.9% N of cat head discharging-191.4 ℃ 2Gas logistics (21) enters liquid N 2Cross cold heat exchanger ([10]), be heated to-157 ℃ N 2Gas logistics (22) is again with the N of turbo-expander ([13]) outlet 2Gas logistics (27) is mixed into logistics (9), participates in N 2Air pressure contracts, expansion, circularly cooling.And the logistics (28) of tower still discharging is the liquid methane 99.5% of 0.05mpa for temperature-155.5 ℃, pressure, packs in the low temperature LNG basin ([8]) as product, stores, utilizes.
To be normal temperature from temperature in the low pressure buffer jar ([15]), pressure be the N of 0.03mpa 2Gas (13) enters N 2Compressor ([16]) boosts to 2.5mpa, and temperature is about 40 ℃ N 2Gas logistics (14) enters main heat exchanger ([4]) internal cooling to-35 ℃ logistics (15) branch and makes two portions, wherein a part of N 2Gas logistics (24) enters the inlet of one section of turbo-expander ([14]), be depressurized to 0.42mpa, be cooled to-100 ℃ logistics (25), wherein a part of logistics (25B) enters liquefaction interchanger ([5]), be cooled to-141.5 ℃ N2 gas logistics (26), be mixed into-105 ℃ N again with another part logistics (25A) of turbo-expander ([14]) outlet 2Gas logistics (26A) enters in two sections of the turbo-expanders ([13]), is expanded to 0.05mpa, and temperature is-147 ℃ N 2Gas logistics (27), again with take off N 2The N that comes out in tower ([12]) top 2Gas logistics (22) blended N 2Gas logistics (9) enters liquefaction interchanger ([5]), main heat exchanger ([4]) successively and offers raw natural gas as low-temperature receiver.And finally by the N of re-heat to normal temperature 2Gas logistics (12) enters low pressure buffer jar ([15]), again by N 2Circularly cooling is expanded in compressor ([16]) compression again.And another part logistics (16) of coming out from main heat exchanger ([4]) enters in the liquefaction interchanger ([5]), is cooled to-141.5 ℃ N 2Gas logistics (17) is as taking off N 2The thermal source of condenser/evaporator ([9]) makes N in the tower ([12]) 2Gas logistics (17) further is cooled liquefaction to-153 ℃ liquid N 2Gas logistics (18) is again through liquid N 2Supercooler ([10]) supercooled liquid N 2Gas logistics (19) is depressurized to 0.05mpa through throttling valve ([11]), is cooled to-191.8 ℃ liquid N 2Gas logistics (20) enters and takes off N 2The top of tower ([12]).Cat head gas phase N 2Gas logistics (21) enters liquid N 2Supercooler ([10]) is with the N of turbo-expander ([13]) outlet 2Gas logistics (27) mixes participation N 2Compression, expansion, refrigeration.In low pressure buffer jar ([15]), unnecessary N 2Gas logistics (12) discharging.The resurgent gases that also can be used as molecular sieve adsorber ([3]).
Said N 2Compressor ([the 16]) row of selecting for use N 2Amount equals 4000-4300Nm 3/ h, pressure equals 2.5mpa～3mpa, and the flow design of said turbo-expander ([13]), ([14]) is 4000Nm 3/ h, said main heat exchanger ([4]), liquefaction interchanger ([5]), liquid N 2Cross cold heat exchanger ([10]) condenser/evaporator ([9]) and all select aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger for use; Refrigerant evaporator in the said freezing unit is selected aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger for use, and the molecular sieve model in the molecular sieve adsorber ([3]) is selected 5A for use.All be assembled in the iron big ice chest from main heat exchanger ([4]) to low temperature LNG basin ([8]), and in case, fill up pearlife.
Application example 2:
Fig. 3 is that employing the inventive method liquefaction pressure is the raw natural gas schema of 20mpa.To be 20mpa from field pressure, the raw natural gas of normal temperature, treatment capacity is 10000m 3/ day, be the surge tank ([29]) of Φ 400 * 1000 through throttling valve ([28]) and specification successively, and throttling valve ([30]) and specification be 500 * 1250 surge tank ([31]), secondary is depressurized to 5mpa.In surge tank ([29]), ([31]), respectively water is separated with the heavy hydrocarbon component, and be cooled to-33 ℃.Incoming stock gas interchanger ([35]) re-heat is to-17 ℃.Crossing throttling valve ([34]) step-down is 2.5mpa, is cooled to-33 ℃.Enter in the absorption tower ([36]), interior in lye pump ([42]) input absorption tower ([36]) by the alkali lye basin ([24]) that from specification is 10% concentration of 2m3, the carbonic acid gas in the tower in the alkali lye absorption raw natural gas, hydrogen sulfide etc. carry out pre-treatment.Pretreated raw natural gas temperature is that 20 ℃, pressure are 2.5mpa, and draw at ([36]) top from the absorption tower.In the incoming stock again gas interchanger ([35]), be cooled to 4 ℃.In vapour liquid separator ([41]), remove liquid water.Enter molecular sieve adsorber ([3]) and further remove hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid gas and water.Be cooled to-92 ℃ to main heat exchanger ([4]), enter heavy hydrocarbon separator ([40]), remove heavy hydrocarbon liquid state such as ethane, second are rare, propane, butane, hydrogen sulfide, this heavy hydrocarbon is liquid to be the byproduct collection, as industrial chemicals or fuel.From the raw natural gas that draw at heavy hydrocarbon separator ([40]) top, get back to the middle re-heat of main heat exchanger ([4]) again to-35 ℃, carry out adiabatic expansion through unstripped gas decompressor ([38]) again, be depressurized to 0.3mpa, temperature is-90 ℃.Continue cooling in the feed liquor interchanger ([5]), be liquefied in 141.5 ℃.Be depressurized to 0.05mpa through throttling valve ([7]).Advance to take off N 2Tower ([12]) takes off N 2, take off N 299.5% high purity liquid methane is drawn from the tower still in the back, enters low temperature LNG basin ([8]), stores.
In the absorption tower ([36]) of preceding speed, under 2.5mpa pressure, under the high pressure low temperature of raw natural gas inlet temperature-33 ℃, alkali lye has absorbed the alkali lye of hydrogen sulfide in the raw natural gas, carbonic acid gas, reduce to normal pressure (i.e. normal atmosphere) through throttling valve ([33]), enter in the resolver that specification is Φ 500 * 1000 ([32]), discharge hydrogen sulfide and carbonic acid gas down at normal pressure (i.e. normal atmosphere), d/d hydrogen sulfide and carbonic acid gas are incorporated into the power networks, and go roasting kiln ([39]) to do fuel combustion.-25 ℃ to-30 ℃ low temperature alkali lye after the parsing is discharged from resolver ([32]) bottom, enters in the Analytic Tower ([37]), (i.e. normal atmosphere) heated under normal pressure, further is released hydrogen sulfide and carbonic acid gas, discharges from cat head, and be incorporated into the power networks, also go roasting kiln ([39]) burning.And the about 18 ℃ alkali lye after resolving is discharged from the bottom of Analytic Tower ([37]), enters alkali lye basin ([22]), and is pressed into absorption tower ([36]) again through lye pump ([21]), and going round and beginning again recycles, in good time make up water.But, resolve the thermal source of usefulness in the Analytic Tower ([37]), gas phase methane from liquid methane low temperature LNG basin ([8]) top spontaneous evaporation, progressively re-heat about 20 ℃ in liquefaction interchanger ([5]) and main heat exchanger ([4]) successively to normal temperature,-25 ℃ to-30 ℃ the alkali lye that goes to heat in Analytic Tower from Analytic Tower ([37]) top expellant gas, is sneaked into the gas that discharges from resolver ([32]), come along roasting kiln ([39]), heat self-circulation N 2Absorbed in the process from taking off N 2The unnecessary N that emits in the tower ([12]) 2Gas makes N 2Gas is warmed up to about 220 ℃ of the needed temperature of molecular sieve, enter molecular sieve resorber ([3]), the impurity of having taken away by molecular sieve adsorption such as hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid gas and water, emptying.
Selecting for use of said unstripped gas interchanger ([35]), unstripped gas decompressor ([38]) is because the raw natural gas band is pressed, and for making full use of the pressure of unstripped gas, high pressure adopts the throttling expansion refrigeration, and middle pressure adopts the turbo-expander swell refrigeration.Adopt tubular type unstripped gas interchanger ([35]) to replace freezing unit, can guarantee that equally raw natural gas enters the desired 4-5 of molecular sieve adsorber ℃ temperature.Flowing pressure is the low temperature feedstock Sweet natural gas (said low temperature is-33 ℃) of 5mpa in the pipe of tubular type unstripped gas interchanger ([35]), and managing outer flowing pressure is 20 ℃ of raw natural gas that come out in ([36]) top from the absorption tower of 2.5mpa.To 0.3mpa pressure, it can provide about 22% of general refrigeration ability to unstripped gas decompressor ([38]) from the 2.5mpa pressure expansion.It should be noted that in addition in known most natural gas liquids flow process, Sweet natural gas after expanding is called tail gas, turns back to pipeline network of fuel gas in city, and flow process of the present invention continues cooling liquefaction to this part low temperature exhaust gas, so liquefied fraction can reach 100%, the problem that does not exist tail gas to be incorporated into the power networks.
Said vapour liquid separator ([41]), the operating pressure of heavy hydrocarbon separator ([40]) is 2.5mpa, other is all identical with said vapour liquid separator ([2]), heavy hydrocarbon separator ([6]) in the application example 1.
Cold is by N the whole process of raw natural gas from normal temperature (envrionment temperature) to liquid temperature-156 ℃ 2Air pressure contracts, expands and finish.The flow process of this circularly cooling is with application example 1.
Said main heat exchanger ([4]) is Duoed a passage than the main heat exchanger in the application example 1, and other selected equipment, unit are all identical with practical example 1.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of production method of natural gas liquids comprises that step is:
A. natural gas stream is carried out pre-treatment, promptly in alkali liquid washing equipment, wash, desulfurization and decarburization, through the cooling apparatus cooling, separating device separates, and removes hydrogen sulfide, carbonic acid gas and water, and dry, to produce the raw natural gas logistics; Wherein said natural gas stream comprises the Sweet natural gas that sprays from the gas well of oil field, or the coalfield mine before the coal mine gas of discharging, or find gas well that the contain amount is little and the outlying Sweet natural gas that sets up in the uneconomic again gas well of pipeline inconvenience.
When b. said raw natural gas logistics being cooled, liquefying, being cooled to certain temperature in interchanger, be mixed in that high carbon alkane in the raw natural gas logistics such as ethane, second are rare, propane, butane at first is liquefied, separate through separating device, become a kind of byproduct, store, excess after separated stream continues cooling, is liquefied, and enters and take off N 2Purify in the tower, slough the N in the logistics 2Gas is with the production liquefied natural gas product.
Cold in the wherein said interchanger is outer circulation N 2Gas is compressed, swell refrigeration provides, circulation N 2Gas is passed to N in the raw natural gas logistics to cold in interchanger 2Gas itself is by re-heat, compressed again, expand, refrigeration, circulation so goes round and begins again; Wherein saidly taking off N 2Purification in the tower is by from the liquify natural gas logistics in the said interchanger, is taking off N 2Tower bottom is vaporized, and generates rising gas phase fraction in the tower, the N dirty with top of tower 2The liquid phase fraction, their the two common refinery distillations are finished.
2, method as claimed in claim 1, wherein step b, also Bao Kuo ﹠amp; #60 ⅰ ﹠amp; #62 is from taking off N 2The N that cat head comes out 2N is collected, participated in to gas 2The compression of gas, expansion, refrigeration cycle are replenished N 2The loss of gas in working cycle, and unnecessary N 2Gas is as the regeneration source of the gas of molecular sieve adsorber; ﹠amp; #60 ⅱ ﹠amp; #62N 2Gas expand into 0.05mpa from high pressure 2.5mpa, adopts secondary series connection turbine expansion, also comes controlled temperature with valve regulated before expanding for the second time.
3, method as claimed in claim 1, in the flow process of 20mpa high pressure feedstock natural gas liquefaction, high pressure adopts the throttling expansion refrigeration, the middle pressure adopted turbine expansion refrigeration, in throttling expansion, set up a unstripped gas interchanger,, pass to raw natural gas the cold after the throttling expansion.
4, method as claimed in claim 1, in the flow process of 0.3mpa low pressure raw natural gas liquefaction, the temperature that raw natural gas is cooled to the separation of heavy hydrocarbon is between-76 ℃ to-100 ℃.
5, method as claimed in claim 1, the pre-treatment of natural gas stream, also can in the absorption tower, adopt hydrogen sulfide and carbonic acid gas in the high pressure low temperature alkali lye absorption raw natural gas, normal pressure and temperature discharges hydrogen sulfide and carbonic acid gas from alkali lye in resolver and Analytic Tower, hydrogen sulfide that is released and carbonic acid gas, go the roasting kiln burning again, and alkali lye recycles by pump between absorption tower and Analytic Tower, said high pressure low temperature is meant 2.5mpa ,-33 ℃, and said normal pressure and temperature is meant a normal atmosphere and ambient temperature.
6, method as claimed in claim 1, from main heat exchanger ([4]) until taking off N 2Tower ([12]), low temperature LNG basin ([8]) are all worked under the cold condition lower than envrionment temperature, thus from main heat exchanger ([4]) until low temperature LNG basin ([8]), comprise and take off N 2Tower all is assembled in the casing, and is full of lagging material in case.
CN 99120786 1999-10-15 1999-10-15 Process for preparing liquefied natural gas Expired - Fee Related CN1095496C (en)

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