CN1289061A - Thermal polarizing optical fiber device with electroplated microstrip electrode - Google Patents
Thermal polarizing optical fiber device with electroplated microstrip electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN1289061A CN1289061A CN 00113687 CN00113687A CN1289061A CN 1289061 A CN1289061 A CN 1289061A CN 00113687 CN00113687 CN 00113687 CN 00113687 A CN00113687 A CN 00113687A CN 1289061 A CN1289061 A CN 1289061A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a polarized optical-fibre device prepared by adopting thermal polarization process, and said polarized optical-fibre device is formed from polarization-retaining optical fibre, anode, cathode, polyimide coating layer and quartz glass. At the same time it possesses linear electrooptic effect and polarization extinction effect, and is an integrated optical fibre device with the functions of linear electrooptic modulator and optical plarizer. Its electrooptic coefficent is greater than 0.4 pm/V and polarization extinction ratio is greater than 32 dB. Said invented device can be used for making high-stability full optical fibre amplitude modulator and full-optical fibre switch.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of employing fused quartz optical fiber polarization method and make the polarized optical fibre device, especially adopt thermoae metallization processes to make the technical field of polarized optical fibre device.
After people such as Myers had confirmed that thermoaeization or ultraviolet Polarization technique can produce bigger second order nonlinear effect and linear electro-optic effect in fused quartz optical fiber, many scientists were making great efforts that polarized optical fibre is made the optical fibre device with various functions.Kazansky has designed " D " type optical fiber structure of single-mode fiber grinding and polishing, has obtained the electrooptical effect of thermoaeization in the vacuum.Long and Brueck have reported and obtained only 75 volts thermoaeization electric light optical fiber of half-wave voltage on the 12cm polarization length.People such as Fleming use the structure of diplopore and interior electrode, through the ultraviolet polarization, have obtained half-wave voltage and have reached 18 volts polarized optical fibre electrooptic modulator.People such as V.Pruneri utilize thermoaeization method and cycle electrode, and D type germnium doped fiber has been made the second nonlinear grating, have obtained the frequency-doubling conversion efficiency greater than 20%.Recently, B.Srinivasan and R.K.Jain has demonstrated the electro-optical tuning on the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of making of thermal poled fiber.These polarized optical fibres under lab are successful, but also have many difficulties in practicality.The polarized optical fibre electrode of Kazansky is pressed on the optical fiber, and this kind structure can't be applied to the polarization than long optical fibers, and can't be used for electrooptical modulation at a high speed.People's such as Fleming diplopore and interior electrode structure almost make this polarized optical fibre can't with the fibre system welding of reality.The polarized optical fibre that Long makes not only with the telecommunication optical fiber welding difficulty of practicality, and cost an arm and a leg.Except that the optical fibre device by the polarized optical fibre making that these have been demonstrated, people also wish and can make full optical fiber electric light intensity modulator and full optical fiber optical optical switch with polarized optical fibre.Yet, a major issue of making interferometer type electric light intensity modulator is exactly how to control the polarization state of light wave in the interferometer well, one of solution is exactly to utilize thermoaeization of polarization maintaining optical fibre device and polarization-maintaining fiber coupler to make up the fine interferometer of full polarization, and adds a fibre optic polarizer with further this interferometer polarization performance of improving in this system.But, increase an optical fibre device more, not only make system bulk become big, and make the loss of system increase bad stability.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of protect inclined to one side, have tail optical fiber, be easy to thermal poled fiber device welding, that be coated with micro-strip electrode with the actual fiber system, this polarized optical fibre device can be used as optical fiber electro-optic phase modulator and fibre optic polarizer simultaneously, also can be used to make the full optical fiber amplitude modulaor and the full fiber switch of high stability.
The present invention realizes in the following way: this polarized optical fibre device is made of optical fiber, negative electrode, anode, polyimide coating and quartz glass etc.; Optical fiber is a polarization maintaining optical fibre that has tail optical fiber, is about 2m, wherein minister is ground off for the stressed zone part of 60mm, and be coated with on the rubbing down plane that 60 μ m are wide, one deck Cr that 40mm is long: the Al film, the electrode that forms the metal micro-strip shape is an anode, be plated in simultaneously optical fiber not the electrode part of the metal micro-strip shape on the periphery of rubbing down part then than broad, almost covered half of optical fiber surface, this wide electrode links to each other with lead by conducting resinl; The rubbing down of this section optical fiber flats down, and by one deck polyimide glue it is sticked on the quartz glass, applies rubbing down optical fiber layer by layer with polyimide then; Be coated with the aluminium film of the wide 2mm of one deck at the top of polyimide layer, forming second electrode is negative electrode.This electrode and micro-strip electrode have constituted the pair of electrodes of optical fiber polarization and optical fiber modulation.The optical fibre device that optics has been processed places under 280 ℃ of temperature, applies the 3000V DC voltage and carry out 15 minutes thermoaeization between two electrodes, promptly obtains to be coated with the thermal poled fiber device of micro-strip electrode.
Fig. 1: rubbing down optical fiber and cross sectional representation thereof good, that be coated with micro-strip electrode
Fig. 2: the structural representation that is coated with the thermal poled fiber device of micro-strip electrode
Fig. 3: the cross sectional representation that is coated with the thermal poled fiber device of micro-strip electrode
Fig. 4: polarization extinction test principle figure
Fig. 5: the TE of polarized optical fibre and TM mould field produce the curve map of loss on unit length
Fig. 6: cross sectional representation with micro-strip electrode and plane polarization of electrode panda optic fibre device
Now the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.With reference to Fig. 1, the sheath of a section (being about 60mm) at the middle part of earlier that a 2m is long optical fiber (1) is peelled off, and utilizes side-looking dead axle technology, with the birefringence axis (slow axis) of this optical fiber perpendicular to the rubbing down matrix surface; The optical fiber (1) of then this being peelled off sheath is fixed on the glass rubbing down matrix, utilizes the rubbing down technology, and a stressed zone (2) on this fiber segment is ground off, and is about 1 μ m up to the distance of rubbing down plane and fiber cores (3).In order to reduce the scattering loss on optical fiber (1) the rubbing down plane, can carry out meticulous further polishing.The optical fiber that rubbing down is good (1) is fixed on the unit clamp, plates one deck Cr on side rubbing down plane: Al film, the anode (4) of one of electrode when polarizing to form optical fiber.This jig Design becomes membrane electrode is plated on the rubbing down plane, also is plated in optical fiber simultaneously not on the periphery of rubbing down part.The electrode (4) of the metal micro-strip shape that the electrode on the rubbing down plane partly is that 60 μ m are wide, 40mm is long then than broad, with reference to Fig. 2, has almost covered half of optical fiber surface in the electrode part (8) of column type surface portion.Wide electrode (8) links to each other with lead by conducting resinl, and links to each other with external electric signal further.
This micro-strip electrode that directly on the side rubbing down plane of polarization maintaining optical fibre, is coated with, not only can improve the breakdown characteristics of polarized optical fibre device when polarization, and help high speed electro-optical to modulate, simultaneously since metal electrode layer with the interaction of optical fiber mode fields, make device produce good polarization extinction characteristic, constituted the metal coating fibre optic polarizer.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3,, this section treated the rubbing down of polarized optical fibre flats down, and it is sticked on the quartz glass (7) with one deck polyimide glue for forming the polarized optical fibre device.Apply rubbing down optical fiber layer by layer with polyimide glue then.Second electrode of aluminium film formation at the wide 2mm of the top of polyimide layer (6) plating one deck is negative electrode (5) at last.This electrode (5) has constituted the pair of electrodes that optical fiber polarizes and optical fiber is modulated with micro-strip electrode (4).Two interelectrode distances are about 90 μ m, and comprising the thick polyimide layer (6) of one deck 20 μ m between cathode electrode (5) and optical fiber (1) surface, the overlapping length between two electrodes (4), (5) is about 40mm.
During thermoaeization of optical fiber, be under the condition of 300 ° of C, add that in the optical fiber two sides intensity is greater than 10 in temperature
7The highfield of V/m, because the spacing of rubbing down optical fiber two lateral electrodes (4), (5) is less than 80 μ m, very easily therefore the punch-through between generating electrodes in the micro-strip electrode (4) on making optical fiber side rubbing down plane, add the insulating material of anti-high electric field breakdown between two electrodes.Polyimide has the performance of the anti-high electric field breakdown of good high-temperature, and when temperature was 300 ° of C, withstand voltage can reach 10
8V/m is so select for use polyimide glue (6) as interelectrode insulating material.
Before and after thermoaeization, the polarization extinction ratio of measuring fiber device.With reference to Fig. 4, the principle of polarization extinction test macro is as follows, as adjustment light, the test laser with 1.3 μ m of LD laser instrument (10) output of modulated driving injects test macro jointly through a fiber coupler (11) by the light of He-Ne laser instrument (9) output.Pass through depolarization vibrating device (12) again, the light of outgoing detects the light source of usefulness as optical fibre device to be tested (13) polarization characteristic.The light of (13) outgoing from optical fibre device to be tested behind polaroid analyze (14), shines on the photodetector (15).Signal is sent into computing machine (16) again through phase-locked amplification.Rotatory polarization analyzer (14) just can be measured the extinction ratio of device (13).The measuring accuracy of this polarization extinction ratio test macro is greater than 40dB.Before the polarization, several polarized optical fibres for the treatment of are put into the polarization extinction test macro, can record its polarization extinction ratio is 10-30dB, and maximum can reach 32dB.
For this electrode structure treat polarized optical fibre (1), can carry out the computational analysis of guide properties.Can be similar to and think that this treats that polarized optical fibre (1) is that six layers of thermometal coat waveguiding structure, its fibre core (3) diameter is a=7 μ m, refractive index n
1=1.46, cladding index n
2=1.45, thickness is b
2=59 μ m, covering rubbing down residual thickness on one side is b
1=1～5 μ m; Treat the refractive index n of the polyimide (6) that polarized optical fibre top covers
3=1.6, thickness d ≈ 20 μ m; The refractive index n of two-layer up and down aluminum film electrode (4), (5)
4=1.2+i7, the aluminium film thickness is thought infinity.Utilize waveguide theory, calculate the distance b of metal electrode (4) on fibre core (3) and rubbing down plane
1When being reduced to 1 μ m by 10 μ m, every centimetre of fiber lengths produces the decibel value of loss, and with reference to Fig. 5, horizontal ordinate is b among the figure
1, unit is μ m, and ordinate is the loss that produces on the every centimetre length of optical fiber, and unit is dB/cm.Above the corresponding electric field of curve change perpendicular to the loss of the mould field (in waveguide theory, often being defined as TM mould field) on metal electrode plane, below the loss that is parallel to the mould field (in waveguide theory, often being defined as TE mould field) on metal electrode plane of corresponding electric field of curve change.Can find out the distance b of metal electrode (4) on fibre core (3) and rubbing down plane by curve among the figure
1During＜2 μ m, the loss of TM mould is very big, can reach 5dB/cm, and the loss of TE mould is not more than 0.5dB/cm.This is because the optics ripple in the fibre core waveguide has produced surface plasma wave on aluminium film and fibre cladding interface, thereby makes the great cause of TM ripple loss.The existence of TM mould and TE mode loss difference shows that the used fibre-optic waveguide structure of the present invention has the polarization extinction characteristic, and device can be used as the fibre-optic waveguide polarizer and uses.In addition, the result of calculation among Fig. 5 also shows, when the distance of metal electrode (4) on fibre core (3) and the rubbing down plane during greater than 5 μ m, the polarization extinction effect can be ignored.
After finishing optics processing, optical fibre device is placed under 280 ℃ of temperature, between two electrodes (4), (5), apply the 3000V DC voltage, carry out 15 minutes thermoaeization, obtain to be coated with the thermal poled fiber device of micro-strip electrode.
Polarized optical fibre after the polarization carries out the polarization extinction ratio test again, and the polarization extinction ratio of device does not change, and this shows that thermoaeization process does not change the polarization extinction effect of metal film coating to fibre-optic waveguide.
Optical fiber optical wavelength after the polarization is that the fine Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the full polarization of 1.3 μ m is tested its electrooptical coefficient.Produced electrooptical effect in the test shows polarized optical fibre, the electrooptical coefficient of TM mould is greater than 0.4pm/V.At this moment, this polarized optical fibre device has the function of electrooptic modulator and fibre optic polarizer simultaneously.
After polarization is finished, with reference to Fig. 6, the negative electrode (5) and fallen a part by the covering rubbing down of optical fiber (1) side of polyimide (6) parcel of will polarizing is to reduce the integral thickness of device, on new plane, plate one deck modulator electrode (17) again, just constitute a kind of new electrode structure.The kind electrode structure not only can enhance device polarization selectivity, but also can reduce the modulation half-wave voltage.
After polarization is finished, with reference to Fig. 6, negative electrode (5) and fallen a part by the covering rubbing down of optical fiber (1) side of polyimide (6) parcel will polarize, to reduce the integral thickness of device, and utilize the plane of new rubbing down that fiber grating is write optical fiber (1), on new plane, plate one deck modulator electrode (17) again, just can constitute the electro-optical tuning device of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG.
Negative electrode (5) is coated with periodically electrode, makes the fiber-optic periodic polarization, then this optical fibre device can be used as the full optical fiber optical optical frequency converter.
The thermal poled fiber device that is coated with micro-strip electrode of the present invention has following good effect:
1, this polarized optical fibre device can not only be as electrooptic modulator, and can use as fibre optic polarizer, is a kind of novel integrated optical fiber device, and its electrooptical coefficient is greater than being 0.4pm/V, and polarization extinction ratio is greater than 32dB.
2, because this polarized optical fibre device on a polarization maintaining optical fibre, is made by dead axle, grinding and polishing, thermoaeization, and two ends have protects inclined to one side tail optical fiber, can be directly and other fibre system welding, so available its constitutes the stable full fibre system of polarization easily.
Embodiment: make single mode that thermal poled fiber device specimen in use optical fiber (1) is 1.3 μ m, mix germanium commodity panda optic fibre, long 2m, about 7 microns of core diameter, the long 1m of tail optical fiber.The sheath of one section (being about 60mm) at the middle part of optical fiber (1) is peelled off by elder generation, and is fixed on the glass rubbing down matrix.Utilize the rubbing down technology, a stressed zone (2) on this fiber segment is ground off, and carry out meticulous polishing and be about 1 μ m up to the distance of rubbing down plane and fiber cores (3).The optical fiber that rubbing down is good (1) is fixed on the unit clamp, vacuum plating one deck Cr on side rubbing down plane: the Al film to form anode (4), also is plated in optical fiber simultaneously not on the periphery of rubbing down part.The electrode (4) of the metal micro-strip shape that the electrode on the rubbing down plane partly is that 60 μ m are wide, 40mm is long, links to each other wide electrode (8) with conducting resinl then than broad in the electrode part (8) of column type surface portion with lead.The polyimide glue of producing with Guilin Inst. of Electrical Equipment Science (6) optical fiber (1) that will be coated with micro-strip electrode sticks on the quartz glass (7) then, use multilayer polyimide glue (6) coated fiber (1) again, every layer of precuring of carrying out three temperature cycles, 80 ℃, 120 ℃, 160 ℃ each continue 15 minutes, after number strata acid imide glue (6) applies, again whole polyimide heap (6) is carried out the curing of four temperature cycles, 120 ℃, 160 ℃, 200 ℃ each continue 15 minutes.Keep more than 30 minutes to 350 ℃.Second electrode of aluminium formation at the wide 2mm of the top of polyimide layer (6) vacuum plating one deck is negative electrode (5) at last.About 40mm that above-mentioned optics has processed is long, 90 μ m thick sample fiber place under 280 ℃ of temperature, apply the dc high voltage of 3000V, carry out 15 minutes thermoaeization, promptly obtain being coated with the thermal poled fiber device of micro-strip electrode.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of thermal poled fiber device that is coated with micro-strip electrode is characterized in that: this polarized optical fibre device is by optical fiber (1), negative electrode (5), anode (4), polyimide coating (6) and quartz glass formations such as (7); Optical fiber (1) is a polarization maintaining optical fibre that has tail optical fiber, is about 2m, wherein minister is ground off for the stressed zone part (2) of 60mm, and be coated with on the rubbing down plane that 60 μ m are wide, one deck Cr that 40mm is long: the Al film, the electrode that forms the metal micro-strip shape is anode (4), the electrode part (8) of the metal micro-strip shape on the periphery of rubbing down part is not then than broad to be plated in optical fiber simultaneously, and this wide electrode (8) links to each other with lead by conducting resinl; The rubbing down of this section optical fiber flats down, and by one deck polyimide glue (6) it is sticked on the quartz glass (7), uses polyimide glue (6) to apply rubbing down optical fiber (1) layer by layer then; Be coated with the aluminium film of the wide 2mm of one deck at the top of polyimide layer (6), forming second electrode is negative electrode (5).
2, polarized optical fibre device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this polarized optical fibre device is as optical fiber electro-optic phase modulator or fibre optic polarizer or be used as optical fiber electro-optic phase modulator and fibre optic polarizer simultaneously.
3, polarized optical fibre device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: with the full optical fiber amplitude modulaor of interferometer type, the full optical fiber optical optical switch of this polarized optical fibre making.
4, polarized optical fibre device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: with the full optical fiber optical optical frequency converter of this polarized optical fibre making.
5, polarized optical fibre device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after polarization is finished, negative electrode (5) and fallen a part by the covering rubbing down of optical fiber (1) side of polyimide (6) parcel will polarize, on new plane, plate one deck modulator electrode (17), the electrode structure that is constituted again.
6, polarized optical fibre device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after polarization is finished, negative electrode (5) and fallen a part by the covering rubbing down of optical fiber (1) side of polyimide (6) parcel will polarize, and utilize the plane of new rubbing down that fiber grating is write optical fiber (1), on new plane, plate one deck modulator electrode (17), the electro-optical tuning device of the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG that is constituted again.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 00113687 CN1289061A (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-14 | Thermal polarizing optical fiber device with electroplated microstrip electrode |
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| CN 00113687 CN1289061A (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-14 | Thermal polarizing optical fiber device with electroplated microstrip electrode |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101833178A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Phase modulator based on embedded twin-core polarization maintaining poled fiber |
| CN110119040A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Optical fiber based on electrocaloric effect modulates chip |
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2000
- 2000-09-14 CN CN 00113687 patent/CN1289061A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101833178A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Phase modulator based on embedded twin-core polarization maintaining poled fiber |
| CN101833178B (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2012-07-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Phase modulator based on embedded twin-core polarization maintaining poled fiber |
| CN110119040A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Optical fiber based on electrocaloric effect modulates chip |
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