CN1281514A - Rust-resistant constructional steel and method for producing same - Google Patents
Rust-resistant constructional steel and method for producing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1281514A CN1281514A CN98812114A CN98812114A CN1281514A CN 1281514 A CN1281514 A CN 1281514A CN 98812114 A CN98812114 A CN 98812114A CN 98812114 A CN98812114 A CN 98812114A CN 1281514 A CN1281514 A CN 1281514A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- structure iron
- stainless
- rust
- steel
- resistant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010011416 Croup infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/08—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires for concrete reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
- B21B1/163—Rolling or cold-forming of concrete reinforcement bars or wire ; Rolls therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
- B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
TThe invention relates to a method for producing rust-resistant constructional steels which can be used for sheets, strips, pipes, bars etc., in a wide range of areas of application. One preferred use for the inventive steels is the production of smooth or ribbed, weldable concrete steels, i.e. rust-resistant reinforcement steels for reinforced concrete construction. The aim of the invention is to produce rust-resistant, weldable constructional steels which can be classified as martensitic or ferritic-martensitic, which can be manufactured without annealing and cold-forming according a simplified method, and which have at least equivalent material characteristics. According to the invention, the desired characteristics of the rust-resistant constructional steels, such as resistance and strength characteristics, weldability and resistance to corrosion are obtained by means of thermomechanical treatment using the rolling heat instead of annealing and subsequent cold-forming. On cooling, the rust-resistant martensitic or ferritic-martensitic constructional steels were found to have obtained the same or better properties directly from the rolling heat as if they had been heat-treated and then cold-formed. The invention therefore provides a method for producing rust-resistant constructional or concrete steel without annealing and cold-forming, and therefore more cheaply.
Description
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of stainless structure iron, comprising at the steel plate of every field widespread use, steel band, steel pipe, bar steel etc.Steel of the present invention are particularly useful for making flat or the rib shape and welding reinforced bar steel.The stainless reinforced bar steel that promptly is used for skeleton construction.This stainless structure iron ranges martensite or ferrite-martensite, and is the characteristic that obtains its regulation by hot mechanical treatment.
By DIN488 as can be known, reinforced bar steel as BSt 500S and the BSt 500M according to DIN488T1, except other application characteristic, also must have the enough intensity and the toughness that are used to reinforce, for example
Yield-point, Re 〉=500 Newton/millimeter
2
Tensile strength, Rm 〉=550 Newton/millimeter
2
Tension set, A
10〉=10%.
In addition, well-known, people's test recent years also uses the stainless steel of strengthening as reinforcing bar.Because they contain alloy and have rust inhibition, so they are inserted into reeded concrete scaling place as normal reinforced bar steel, (U.Numberger: corrosion in the construction industry and rust protection lastingly just, company limited of building press (Bauverlag), Wiesbaden and Berlin nineteen ninety-five, 1013 pages, stainless steel in concrete structure, and U.Nurnberger/W.Beul/G.Onuseit: the corrosion state of the stainless steel concrete steel that in concrete, welds, building engineer (Bauingenieur) 70, nineteen ninety-five, 73-81 page or leaf, Springer press).
Ferrite according to DINEN 10088, austenite-ferrite and Austenitic reinforced bar steel, yield-point beguine under the heat treated situation is littler according to the yield-point of 500 Newton/millimeter 2 of the BSt 500M reinforcing bar of DIN 488 T1, therefore above-mentioned reinforcing bar need stand a cold deformation, and is developed into the cold rolling reinforced bar steel that rib is arranged with intensity according to DIN488 Tl.Seeing also Nirosta Bond is used for skeleton construction and reinforces the stainless reinforced bar steel of usefulness, the interior periodical of Krupp Sigma company limited, Duisburg.
Task of the present invention is, on the basis of existing technology, prepare stainless, welding reinforced bar steel.At first, they range martensite or ferrite-martensite steel sections, and can not need annealing and cold rolling forming processes according to easy method, just can prepare above-mentioned steel, and have equivalent at least material behavior.
Just can finish task of the present invention according to claim 1 and 2, other appended claims have been described other formations of the present invention.
The notion according to the present invention, at first, some characteristic of stainless structure iron, intensity for example, toughness, weldability and rust protection, be by rolling heat, promptly the hot mechanical treatment in the operation of rolling obtains, rather than obtain by annealing and the processing of cold-forming subsequently.
In addition, according to some predetermined characteristic of DIN 488T1, can obtain by hot rolling and anneal subsequently.
Find thus, to directly obtaining from rolling thermal treatment, or the stainless martensite or the ferrite-martensitic steel that obtain by hot rolling and temper subsequently cool off their characteristic, with the characteristic that is obtained is handled in their thermal treatment and cold-forming subsequently, it is good or better equally to have.
The method according to this invention can not need annealing and cold-forming to handle, and can make stainless structure iron or reinforced bar steel at low cost.
Can use air, flowing air or in water composite cooling pipe will be cooled off by the stainless reinforced bar steel after rolling in the temperature range of γ (austenite) or γ+α (austenite+ferrite).Thereby form and to have more high strength and the particulate soft martensite of flexible or ferrite-martensitic structure, and therefore satisfy or surpass so far specified requirement reinforced bar steel.
The preferred composition of prepared reinforced bar steel is according to DIN EN 10088 according to the present invention, the composition that materials used 1.4003 is given.
In addition, by to relevant control rolling and cooling parameter, can also prepare its Re 〉=600 Newton/millimeter
2(=BSt 600), its tensile strength Rm 〉=750 Newton/millimeter
2Stretch rate A with its fracture place
10The stainless reinforced bar steel that 〉=10% intensity is higher.
Using the more ferrite-martensite or the martensitic chromium steel of high nickel content, and regulating accordingly with cooling parameter, even can also prepare its Re 〉=700 Newton/millimeter rolling
2(=BSt700), its tensile strength Rm 〉=900 Newton/millimeter
2With its tension set A
10〉=8% high-intensity stainless steel concrete steel.
Content description in claims details of the present invention, characteristic and advantage.
Claims (9)
1. the manufacture method of the stainless structure iron of martensite or ferrite-martensite type is characterized in that, this steel through the mechanical treatment that is heated, and directly obtains to press the result of DIN 488T1 defined characteristic from the operation of rolling in the temperature range of γ or γ+α.
2. the manufacture method of the stainless structure iron of martensite or ferrite-martensite type, it is characterized in that, this steel carries out hot rolling in the temperature range of γ or γ+α handles, tempering in 650-720 ℃ of temperature range subsequently, and obtain the characteristic of pressing DIN 488T1 defined thus.
3. according to the stainless structure iron of the method manufacturing of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that this steel contains:
Cr=10．5-14．0％，
Ni=0．01-4．0％，
Mn=0．01-3．0％，
Mo=0．01-2．0％，
Cu=0．01-2．0％
C≤0．03％，
N≤0.03%, total amount≤0.03% of preferred C+N,
Ti≤0．2％
Wherein, as the Si of impurity, P and S content are in common technically the limiting the quantity of.
4. according to the stainless structure iron one of among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,, can prepare and have the more high-intensity of following properties, welding stainless structure iron through behind the hot mechanical treatment of the present invention
Yield-point, Re 〉=600 Newton/millimeter
2
Tensile strength, Rm 〉=750 Newton/millimeter
2,
Tension set, A
10〉=10%.
5. according to the stainless structure iron of claim 2 and 4, it is characterized in that above-mentioned tempering temperature is 600-660 ℃.
6. according to the stainless structure iron one of among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that nickel content is Ni 〉=0.5%, so that behind hot mechanical treatment, can obtain to have the more high-intensity of following properties, welding, stainless structure iron.
Yield-point, Re 〉=700 Newton/millimeter
2,
Tensile strength, Rm 〉=850 Newton/millimeter
2
Tension set, A
10〉=8%.
7. according to the stainless structure iron of claim 2 and 6, it is characterized in that above-mentioned tempering temperature is 550-600 ℃.
8. according to the stainless structure iron one of among the claim 4-7, it is characterized in that it can be used for reinforcing cellular concrete or light weight concrete.
9. according to the stainless structure iron one of among the claim 1-8, it is characterized in that the weldability of the stainless reinforced bar steel of manufacturing of the present invention is identical with rust protection with weldability and the rust protection of handling the reinforced bar steel that makes through annealing and cold-forming that identical chemical composition is arranged.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19755409.1 | 1997-12-12 | ||
| DE19755409A DE19755409A1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1997-12-12 | Stainless structural steel and process for its manufacture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1281514A true CN1281514A (en) | 2001-01-24 |
Family
ID=7851770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98812114A Pending CN1281514A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-12-07 | Rust-resistant constructional steel and method for producing same |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1040206B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1281514A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE214107T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9813553A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19755409A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1040206T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2172262T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999031283A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102505805A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 江苏国建新材料股份有限公司 | Mixed reinforcement high-strength reinforced concrete component |
| CN107686948A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-02-13 | 山西同航特钢有限公司 | A kind of soft martensitic stain less steel clack box forge piece manufacturing process |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002038242A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Stainless steel tube for structural member of automobile excellent in secondary working property |
| DE102006060994B4 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2010-02-11 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Stainless steel ball studs and sleeves |
| EP3640430B8 (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2021-10-13 | Steeltec AG | Threaded bar for embedding in cement-based binders, anchor unit formed therefrom and method for producing the threaded bar |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4360391A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1982-11-23 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Process for production of coil of hot rolled strip of austenitic stainless steel |
| JPS59153832A (en) * | 1983-02-19 | 1984-09-01 | Nippon Stainless Steel Co Ltd | Heat treatment of hot rolled strip of martensitic stainless steel |
| US4544420A (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1985-10-01 | Electralloy Corporation | Wrought alloy body and method |
| FR2567151B1 (en) * | 1984-07-04 | 1986-11-21 | Ugine Aciers | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL BARS OR MACHINE WIRE AND CORRESPONDING PRODUCTS |
| US4608099A (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-08-26 | Amax Inc. | General purpose maintenance-free constructional steel of superior processability |
| JPS61272317A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1986-12-02 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Manufacture of high strength austenitic stainless steel material at normal and high temperature range superior in corrosion resistance |
| US4769213A (en) * | 1986-08-21 | 1988-09-06 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Age-hardenable stainless steel having improved machinability |
| ES2044905T3 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1994-01-16 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A CHROME STAINLESS STEEL BELT OF A DOUBLE STRUCTURE THAT HAS A HIGH STRENGTH AND EXTENSION AS WELL AS A BETTER FLAT ANISTROPY. |
| JPS63293143A (en) * | 1987-05-25 | 1988-11-30 | Nippon Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | Martensitic stainless steel hardening by subzero treatment |
| JP2658210B2 (en) * | 1988-07-07 | 1997-09-30 | 株式会社クボタ | Heat treatment method of martensitic stainless steel |
| US5089067A (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-02-18 | Armco Inc. | Martensitic stainless steel |
| JP2537118B2 (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1996-09-25 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Method of manufacturing stress corrosion corrosion resistant ultra high strength steel |
| DE4244176A1 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-06-30 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Line for rolling wire |
| JPH06220545A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1994-08-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of cr-series stainless steel thin strip excellent in toughness |
| US5496421A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1996-03-05 | Nkk Corporation | High-strength martensitic stainless steel and method for making the same |
| JPH07138704A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-05-30 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | High strength and high ductility dual-phase stainless steel and its production |
| DE69516336T2 (en) * | 1994-01-26 | 2000-08-24 | Kawasaki Steel Co | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A STEEL SHEET WITH HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE |
| JP3116156B2 (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 2000-12-11 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Method for producing steel pipe with excellent corrosion resistance and weldability |
| EP0774519A4 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1997-07-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | Process for producing steel material and steel pipe excellent in corrosion resistance and weldability |
| CN1044263C (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1999-07-21 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Highly corrosion-resistant martensitic stainless steel with excellent weldability and process for producing the same |
-
1997
- 1997-12-12 DE DE19755409A patent/DE19755409A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-12-07 DK DK98966508T patent/DK1040206T3/en active
- 1998-12-07 BR BR9813553-8A patent/BR9813553A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-07 ES ES98966508T patent/ES2172262T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-07 WO PCT/DE1998/003583 patent/WO1999031283A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-07 CN CN98812114A patent/CN1281514A/en active Pending
- 1998-12-07 EP EP98966508A patent/EP1040206B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-07 DE DE59803308T patent/DE59803308D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-07 AT AT98966508T patent/ATE214107T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102505805A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 江苏国建新材料股份有限公司 | Mixed reinforcement high-strength reinforced concrete component |
| CN107686948A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-02-13 | 山西同航特钢有限公司 | A kind of soft martensitic stain less steel clack box forge piece manufacturing process |
| CN107686948B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-09-25 | 山西同航特钢有限公司 | A kind of soft martensitic stain less steel clack box forge piece manufacturing process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE214107T1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
| WO1999031283A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
| DE19755409A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
| EP1040206B1 (en) | 2002-03-06 |
| DK1040206T3 (en) | 2002-06-17 |
| EP1040206A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
| DE59803308D1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
| BR9813553A (en) | 2000-10-03 |
| ES2172262T3 (en) | 2002-09-16 |
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Legal Events
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |