CN1277314A - Heat machine operating in critical state - Google Patents
Heat machine operating in critical state Download PDFInfo
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- CN1277314A CN1277314A CN 99108165 CN99108165A CN1277314A CN 1277314 A CN1277314 A CN 1277314A CN 99108165 CN99108165 CN 99108165 CN 99108165 A CN99108165 A CN 99108165A CN 1277314 A CN1277314 A CN 1277314A
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- working medium
- temperature
- heat exchanger
- thermal engine
- feed pump
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Abstract
The present invention is one closed small heat machine operating in low temperature, small temperature difference and high pressure. The heat machine consists of pneumatic unit, liquid pump, heater, cooler, heat exchanger, controller, pipeline and working medium enclosed inside the system. Liquid working medium at low temperature is heated in the heat exchanger and the heater to over its critical temperature or saturated temperature in the working pressure to gasify to drive the pneumatic unit outputting power and the liquid pump. Then, exhaust gas is cooled in the heat exchanger and the cooler to below its critical temperature or saturated temperature in the back pressure to liquefy before being pumped by the liquid pump for reuse.
Description
Critical thermal engine relates to the heat power machine, particularly a kind of back pressure type heat power machine.
The heat power machine is by certain operation material, makes heat energy change the device of mechanical energy into, is called for short hot machine, as: steamer etc.To realize that heat is that the operation material of merit is called working medium.All hot machines, no matter kind how, used working medium why not have with, all be working medium to be heated earlier under certain condition improve the swollen work done of rising of temperature and pressure.The thermal properties of working medium has confidential relation in the size of capacity for work.The working medium of hot machine should be equipped with the ability and the flowability of the good swollen work done of rising of being heated.Usually, used working medium has air, combustion gas (products of combustion) and steam (as: water vapor) etc.In the steam heat machine that with water is working medium, working-medium water is heated to seethe with excitement becomes the steam expansion work done.But steam can be worked effectively, must improve the temperature of steam, make it have certain pressure.
Existing hot machine such as back pressure type gas-turbine are not established vapour condenser usually, its exhaust temperature and pressure are to set according to the requirement of subsequent processing, its power is 2000～15000kW, also have above 30000kW, back pressure is 0.49MPa～3.92MPa, and the parameter of main steam is generally: pressure 4.415MPa, 450 ℃ of temperature, 538 ℃ high temperature, high pressure back pressure turbine are also arranged above 11.772MPa.Find out that thus such hot machine is in the working environment of high temperature, high pressure, the correspondingly insulation of system, anticorrosion, the sealing also will need certain input, water under the normal temperature is heated to hundreds of ℃ also will consumes a large amount of energy, and the heat loss of high-temperature flue gas reaches more than 35% usually, in addition because evaporation of water needs frequent supplementing water.
The purpose of invention is by means of the suitable operation material of critical temperature, by temperature under critical temperature or working pressure saturation temperature up and down fluctuation and the high efficient heat exchanging of reverse heat exchanger provide a kind of temperature low, have a narrow range of temperature, pressure reduction height, volume is little, energy consumption the is low hot machine of enclosed high effective.
Invention is achieved in that in the main critical thermal engine by pneumatic motor, solution feed pump, heater, cooler, heat exchanger, controller (valve) and connecting line and formation such as working medium, greasing substance: by be linked in sequence solution feed pump, heat exchanger, heater, pneumatic motor, heat exchanger, the cooler of communication of pipeline is the circulatory system of a sealing to the circulatory system of solution feed pump again, and working medium and greasing substance are closed in wherein; The high-temperature gas working medium that low temperature liquid working medium that solution feed pump is discharged and pneumatic motor are discharged is carried out heat exchange by reverse heat exchanger, make the high-temperature gas working medium that needs cooling by the temperature of the temperature behind the heat exchanger near colling end working medium, making needs the low temperature liquid working medium that heats up by the temperature of the temperature behind the heat exchanger near fire end working medium; Working medium is after heating up by heat exchanger and heater, gasified in the above back of saturation temperature that its temperature is higher than this working medium under the above or working pressure of the critical temperature of this working medium, promote the external work done of pneumatic motor, drive solution feed pump work simultaneously, the gaseous working medium of discharging by pneumatic motor after the work done, be reduced to its temperature below the critical temperature by heat exchanger and cooler or system back pressure under below the saturation temperature of this working medium after the liquefaction, send by solution feed pump again, realize circulation.
So-called critical temperature is exactly at this more than temperature, and no matter pressure is much, and gas no longer liquefies, and is called critical isotherm corresponding to the thermoisopleth of critical temperature, and the flex point on the critical isotherm is called transition point, and the pressure on this aspect is called critical pressure.
The working medium of using in this hot machine should be determined according to the actual working environment of hot machine.Usually the working medium that is adopted is critical temperature at 10 ℃～160 ℃ with interior gas or organic compound, as carbon dioxide (C
2O), ammonia (HN
3), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2), nitrous oxide (N
2O), formaldehyde (CH
2O), ethane (C
2H
6), ethene (C
2H
4), propylene (C
3H
6), normal butane (C
4H
10), isobutane (C
4H
10), hydrogen sulfide (H
2S), sulfur dioxide (SO
2) etc., also can adopt critical temperature at gas below 10 ℃ or organic compound according to special working environment, as: argon (Ar) etc. and critical temperature at gas more than 160 ℃ or organic compound, as sulfur trioxide (SO
3) and mixed gas, synthetic gas etc.Preferably adopting does not have corrosion or good gas or the organic compound of the less thermal properties of corrosivity to system, as: carbon dioxide (CO
2), ammonia (HN
3), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2), nitrous oxide (N
2O) etc.
Referring now to accompanying drawing respectively with ammonia (HN
3) and carbon dioxide (CO
2) be working medium to the detailed description of the invention:
Title among the figure: 1. controller 2. pipelines 3. pneumatic motors 4. pipelines 5. pipelines 6. solution feed pumps 7. pipelines 8. heaters 9. pipelines 10. heat exchangers 11. pipelines 12. coolers
One. with ammonia (HN
3) be working medium:
Ammonia (HN
3) critical temperature be 132.41 ℃, critical pressure is 11.4MPa.Method of work: 140 ℃ of fire end working medium temperature, working pressure 3.9MPa; 20 ℃ of colling end working medium temperature, back pressure 0.9MPa, pressure reduction 3MPa.Heat exchanger makes pneumatic motor high-temperature gas working medium (140 ℃) of discharging and the low temperature liquid working medium (20 ℃) that solution feed pump is supplied with carry out reverse heat exchange, the temperature of high-temperature gas working medium that makes discharge when entering cooler near 20 ℃, the temperature that makes the low temperature liquid working medium that enters when entering heater near 140 ℃.
Working principle: heater 8 is with ammonia (HN
3) be heated to after 140 ℃ of gasifications and enter pneumatic motor 3 by controller 1 control through pipeline 2, promote pneumatic motor 3 works done, the gaseous working medium of discharging after the work done (140 ℃) is behind heat exchanger 10, temperature is reduced near 20 ℃, enter cooler 12 through pipeline 11, be cooled to below 20 ℃, make it enter solution feed pump 6 through pipeline 7 again after liquefaction fully under back pressure of 0.9MPa; The liquid refrigerant of being sent by solution feed pump 6 (20 ℃) is elevated near 140 ℃ its temperature behind heat exchanger 10, enters heater 8 again and is heated to more than 140 ℃, motivation 3 works done of taking offence of gasification pusher.So circulation, constantly externally work done.
Two. with carbon dioxide (CO
2) be working medium: carbon dioxide (CO
2) critical temperature be 31.1 ℃, critical pressure is 7.23MPa.
Method of work: 40 ℃ of fire end working medium temperature, working pressure 6.9MPa; 13 ℃ of colling end working medium temperature, back pressure 4.9MPa, pressure reduction 2MPa.Heat exchanger makes pneumatic motor high-temperature gas working medium (40 ℃) of discharging and the low temperature liquid working medium (13 ℃) that solution feed pump is supplied with carry out reverse heat exchange, the temperature of high-temperature gas working medium that makes discharge when entering cooler near 13 ℃.The temperature that makes the low temperature liquid working medium that enters when entering heater near (140 ℃).
Working principle: heater 8 is with working medium carbon dioxide (CO
2) be heated to after 40 ℃ of gasifications and enter pneumatic motor 3 by controller 1 control through pipeline 2, promote pneumatic motor 3 works done, the gaseous working medium of discharging after the work done (40 ℃) is behind heat exchanger 10, temperature is reduced near 13 ℃, enter cooler 12 through pipeline 11, be cooled to below 13 ℃, make it enter solution feed pump 6 through pipeline 7 again after liquefaction fully under back pressure of 4.9MPa; The liquid refrigerant of being sent by solution feed pump 6 (13 ℃) makes its temperature be elevated near 40 ℃ behind heat exchanger 10, enters heater 8 again and is heated to more than 40 ℃, motivation 3 works done of taking offence of gasification pusher.So circulation, constantly externally work done.
In real work, the temperature of the temperature of system works pressure and fire end and back pressure and colling end and mode of heating, the type of cooling and heat exchange mode etc. reach the environment that as the case may be and determine.As solar energy heating and natural cooling etc.The transmission of pneumatic motor work done can be adopted multiple mode, as: magnetic field (magnetic force) transmission etc.
The present invention is owing to selected suitable working medium of critical temperature and operating temperature for use; Use locking system and reverse heat-exchange method, thereby realized that this hot machine temperature is low, have a narrow range of temperature, pressure reduction height, volume is little, energy consumption is low purpose.That is: use a spot of working medium just can make system's normal circulation and need not often replenish, the volume of this hot machine is dwindled greatly; Greasing substance mixes with working medium not only can be beneficial to temperature transfer but also can lubricate, prolongs the working life of this hot machine; The temperature of fire end is lower, and applicable multiple mode of heating is as solar energy heating etc.; The temperature of colling end is near room temperature, so need not special-purpose cooling equipment.Thereby had a purposes widely, as: the power on generating, Motor Vehicle, train, naval vessel etc. and be applied to fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Claims (10)
1. one kind mainly be is characterized in that by the critical thermal engine of pneumatic motor, solution feed pump, heater, cooler, heat exchanger, controller (valve) and connecting line and formations such as working medium, greasing substance: being connected solution feed pump, heat exchanger, heater, controller, pneumatic motor, heat exchanger, the cooler of linking up by pipeline is the circulatory system of sealing to the circulatory system of solution feed pump again; Working medium and greasing substance are closed in wherein; The employed working medium of system is a kind of special working medium; The high-temperature gas working medium that low temperature liquid working medium that solution feed pump is discharged and pneumatic motor are discharged is carried out heat exchange by heat exchanger; After low temperature liquid working medium heats up by heater, gasified in the above back of saturation temperature that its temperature is higher than this working medium under the above or working pressure of the critical temperature of this working medium, promote the external work done of pneumatic motor, drive solution feed pump work simultaneously, the gaseous working medium of discharging after the work done, by cooler its temperature is reduced to below the saturation temperature of this this working medium below working medium critical temperature or under the system back pressure, sends by solution feed pump again after the liquefaction, realize circulation.
2. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 working medium is that critical temperature is 10～160 ℃ gas or an organic compound.
3. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 2 working medium is ammonia (HN
3), formaldehyde (CH
2O), carbon dioxide (CO
2), nitrogen dioxide (NO
2), nitrous oxide (N
2O) etc. a kind of in.
4. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 working medium is that critical temperature is gas or the organic compound more than 160 ℃.
5. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 working medium is that critical temperature is gas or the organic compound below 10 ℃.
6. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 working medium is mixed gas or synthetic gas.
7. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 heat exchanger is a reverse heat exchanger.
8. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 merit that pneumatic motor is done outwards transmits by magnetic field or magnetic force.
9. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 heater is by solar energy heating.
10. it is characterized in that by the described critical thermal engine of claim 1 greasing substance is a solid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99108165 CN1277314A (en) | 1999-06-10 | 1999-06-10 | Heat machine operating in critical state |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99108165 CN1277314A (en) | 1999-06-10 | 1999-06-10 | Heat machine operating in critical state |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1277314A true CN1277314A (en) | 2000-12-20 |
Family
ID=5273174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99108165 Pending CN1277314A (en) | 1999-06-10 | 1999-06-10 | Heat machine operating in critical state |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1277314A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103063354A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-24 | 安徽省电力科学研究院 | Confirming method for turbine standard backpressure in thermal power generating unit energy consumption assessment and coal consumption check test |
| CN110044647A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南文理学院 | A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide printed circuit board performance testing device of heat exchanger |
-
1999
- 1999-06-10 CN CN 99108165 patent/CN1277314A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103063354A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-24 | 安徽省电力科学研究院 | Confirming method for turbine standard backpressure in thermal power generating unit energy consumption assessment and coal consumption check test |
| CN103063354B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-01-28 | 安徽省电力科学研究院 | Confirming method for turbine standard backpressure in thermal power generating unit energy consumption assessment and coal consumption check test |
| CN110044647A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南文理学院 | A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide printed circuit board performance testing device of heat exchanger |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |