CN1274835A - Method for measuring mass flow rate of airflow or steam - Google Patents
Method for measuring mass flow rate of airflow or steam Download PDFInfo
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- CN1274835A CN1274835A CN 00108907 CN00108907A CN1274835A CN 1274835 A CN1274835 A CN 1274835A CN 00108907 CN00108907 CN 00108907 CN 00108907 A CN00108907 A CN 00108907A CN 1274835 A CN1274835 A CN 1274835A
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Abstract
Method of measuring the mass flow rate of a gaseous or vaporous fluid. The accuracy of this method is comparable to that of the measurement of liquids. The fluid flows through at least one flow tube (4) of a mass flow sensor (1) of a Coriolis mass flow/density meter, which flow tube vibrates at a frequency f being equal to or in the vicinity of the instantaneous mechanical resonance frequency of the flow tube having a vibrator (16). A first and second vibration sensor (17, 18) are attached to the flow tube, deliver a first and a second sensor signal (x17, x18), and are positioned at a given distance from each other in the direction of flow. The flow tube (4) is surrounded by a support frame or a support tube or held by a support plate so as to be capable of vibrating. The sensor signals (x17, x18) have a phase difference from which a signal qf is formed; it is multiplied by a function f(c) dependent on the speed of sound c in the fluid which can be approximated by a function f(Tm) dependent on the current temperature Tm of the flow tube (4).
Description
The present invention relates to measure the method for the mass flowrate of air-flow or steam flow according to the Coriolis principle.
This measurement is to have at least the Coriolis mass flow amount/densitometer of stream pipe bending or straight of vibration when fluid is flowed through to carry out with well-known.
Usually on the stream pipe Vib. is installed at least, two vibration transducers are installed at least, vibration transducer is configuration at certain intervals on flow direction.Described stream pipe is generally according to the mechanical resonance frequency vibration predetermined and that change according to fluid concentrations of its material and size.In other cases, the vibration frequency of stream pipe strictly is not exactly the mechanical resonance frequency that flows pipe, but near this frequency.
These vibration transducers send the simulating signal with stream tube vibration frequency same frequency, and they are separated in time, promptly have phase differential between simulating signal when fluid is flowed through pipe.Can produce the signal of the mistiming between typical example such as the sensor signal zero crossing from this phase differential, for example illustrated this of 4,187, No. 721 United States Patent (USP)s directly is directly proportional with mass flowrate.
Yet, also can from this phase differential, produce a differential seat angle, it directly is directly proportional with mass flowrate after long-pending the removing of 2 π and the resonant frequency f of stream pipe, and as 5,648, No. 616 United States Patent (USP)s or EP-A866 319 are illustrated.
When measuring the mass flowrate of liquid, always can think that aforementioned proportion is accurately, therefore, use present Coriolis mass flow amount/densitometer, 0.1% precision can guarantee.
As inventors found, in the great majority of air-flow or steam flow are measured, can not keep this ratio accurately, this can cause precise decreasing.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly measure the mass flowrate of air-flow or steam flow and method that its precision can the precision when measuring liquid be compared according to the Coriolis principle.
In order to reach this purpose, the invention provides a kind of at least one method that flows the mass flowrate of pipe measurement air-flow or steam flow by Coriolis mass flow amount/densitometric mass flow sensor, this flows pipe:
A, be in operation with predetermined frequency f vibration by its material and size, but described frequency
Rate is changed by the density of fluid, equals or approach to flow the instantaneous mechanical resonance of pipe
Frequency;
B, attaching first vibration transducer,
This sensor sends the first sensor signal;
C, attaching second vibration transducer,
This sensor sends second sensor signal;
Described first and second vibration transducers are arranged on fluid and flow
Certain distance is arranged on the direction mutually;
D, attaching a Vib.;
E, surrounded or fixed, thereby can be vibrated by support plate by supporting frame or support column; Described method comprises from described first and second sensor signals and generates signal that is decided by the phase differential between the sensor signal and the step of amplifying described signal with the function f (c) that is decided by velocity of sound c in the fluid.
In the first embodiment of the present invention, be decided by phase differential signal indication be mistiming between the zero crossing of sensor signal.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, be decided by phase differential signal indication be differential seat angle, the latter is removed by 2 π and the long-pending of vibration frequency f.
In the third embodiment of the present invention, the formula of its function f (c) is
F (c)=[1+b (2 π fd/c)
2]
-1This formula also can be used for first or second embodiment, and in the formula: b is decided by the constant calibrated, equals to flow the nominal diameter of pipe 4; D is the internal diameter of stream pipe 4.
In another embodiment of the present invention, velocity of sound c is approximately equal to and is decided by that stream manages temperature T at that time
mFunction f (T
m), preferably the formula of function is c=c
0+ c
1T
m, c in the formula
0, c
1It is the fluid particular constant.
An advantage of the invention is the velocity of sound considered in the fluid and thus indirectly and the compressibility of the fluid that comes is all measured, thereby in fact the mass flow measurement precision of air-flow or steam flow is the same with the precision of this measurement of liquid.
Read following explanation to embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention and advantage thereof can be more obvious, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the mass flow sensor with type mass flowmeter/densimeter of a stream pipe
The cut-away section front elevation;
Fig. 2 implements for example measuring circuit side of the mass flowmeter of Fig. 1 of method of the present invention
Piece figure.
The present invention is easy to do various modifications, and multiple alternative form can be arranged, and still, still shows example embodiment with accompanying drawing, and is described in detail.Yet, should be appreciated that, unintentionally the present invention is confined in the illustrated particular form, on the contrary, the present invention includes that institute in the of the present invention spiritual scope of claims regulations changes, coordinator and replacement.
Referring to Fig. 1, what show here is the cut-away section front elevation of the Coriolis mass flow amount/densitometric mass flow sensor 1 of a measurement mass rate that is suitable for implementing method of the present invention, this sensor, for example, can be installed on the air-flow that will measure or steam flow with flange 2,3 flows through (showing in order to simplify) in the pipe of certain diameter wherein.Without flange, also can be with other any means known, for example, threaded connection couples together mass flow sensor and pipe.
The mass flow sensor 1 of Fig. 1 has a straight stream pipe 4, and its fluid flows into end and for example is connected in flange 2 by fluid inflow end plate 13, and its fluid outflow end passes through, and for example, fluid flows out end plate 14 and is connected in flange 3.Stream pipe 4 is with sealing means, particularly, for example by welding, soft soldering connects or one-tenth vacuum seal such as roll-in is contained in the end plate 13,14, sees United States Patent (USP) 5,610, No. 342.
Method of the present invention also can be used for the S/N 09/283 according to application on April 1st, 1999, the clamp-on Coriolis mass flow quantity sensor of No. 401 U.S. Patent applications, perhaps be used for as with EP-A 849 568 corresponding 6,006, No. 609 disclosed mass flow sensor of United States Patent (USP) with single flow tube of band cantilever.Coriolis mass flow amount/densitometer does not have straight single flow tube, but an in one plane crooked single flow tube can be arranged, and is all like, for example, and the circular sector stream pipe that 5,750, No. 754 United States Patent (USP) is illustrated.
Also may be illustrated as 4,793, No. 191 United States Patent (USP)s, (particularly two) straight stream pipe more than two or two is arranged, perhaps disclosed like that as 4,127, No. 038 United States Patent (USP), (particularly two) crooked stream pipe more than two or two is arranged.
In addition, method of the present invention can also be used for the illustrated the sort of mass flow sensor that flows a pipe and a simulative tube of United States Patent (USP) 5,531, No. 126.At last, method of the present invention also can apply to 5,557, No. 973 or 5,675, No. 093 disclosed its mass flow sensor of United States Patent (USP) has the type mass flowmeter/densimeter of a spiral flow tube at least.
In Fig. 1, flange 2,3 and end plate 13,14 usefulness fastenings 5 (for example screw) are fixed in support column 15, and fastenings has only been drawn one.End plate 13,14 with the way welding of sealing (particularly vacuum seal) or soft soldering in the inwall of support column 15.But also can make a single part to support column 15 and end plate 13,14.Without support column 15, then can use support or fagging.
As making stream tube vibration, particularly synchronous vibration, be preferably the Vib. 16 of the means of flexible synchronous vibration, for example electromagnetic vibrator is disposed at the centre of flange 2,3 and end plate 13,14 and the centre of support column 15 and stream pipe 4.Vib. comprises a coil 162 and a permanent magnet 161, and coil stationary is in support column 15, and permanent magnet is installed on the stream pipe 4 also reciprocating in coil.
In Fig. 1, Vib. 16 makes stream pipe 4 make flexible vibration in illustrated plane, thereby, under the situation that has fluid in stream pipe 4, to flow again, in this plane, produce Coriolis force, cause the inflow end of stream pipe 4 and the commutation between the outflow end.
In addition, first, second vibration transducer 17,18 of the vibration of inspection flow tube 4 is disposed at the centre of stream pipe 4 and support column 15.Vibration transducer 17 is installed between end plate 13 and the Vib. 16, and vibration transducer 18 is installed between end plate 14 and the Vib. 16; Two sensors preferably are configured in from Vib. 16 (i.e. stream pipe 4 central authorities) with equidistant position.
In Fig. 1, vibration transducer 17,18 all is an electromagnetic sensor, each self-contained coil 172,182 and permanent magnet 171,181, and coil is installed on support column 15, and permanent magnet is installed on stream pipe 4 and to-and-fro movement in coil.Vibration transducer 17 and 18 generates first sensor signal x respectively
17With the second sensor signal x
18
A temperature signal x who is installed on the temperature at that time that sends expression stream pipe 4 on the end plate 13 is arranged
19Temperature sensor 19.Temperature sensor 19 preferably has a platinum resistance element that for example is connected with end plate 13 with cementing agent.
Also shown a shell 21 that is fixed in support column 15 and especially the lead that is connected to Vib. 16 and vibration transducer 17,18 is shielded among Fig. 1.These leads do not show for simplicity.
Shell 21 has a neck shape transition part 22, has to have fixed an electronic device cover 23 (only drawing a part) that holds the surveying work circuit of type mass flowmeter/densimeter on this transition part.
If the vibration performance of transition part 22 and 23 pairs of support columns 15 of electronic device cover plays ill-effect, can not be disposed at together with mass flow sensor yet.In this case, link to each other with cable between electronic device and the mass flow sensor.
Fig. 2 is to use the type mass flowmeter/densimeter of above-mentioned various stream pipes to implement the calcspar of the measuring circuit of method of the present invention.Measuring circuit comprises from the sensor signal x
18, x
19Generate mass flowrate signal " q
f" and the common branch circuit 31 of concentration signal " σ ".For branch circuit 31, any suitable available circuit, 4,187, No. 721 or 5,648, No. 616 disclosed circuit of United States Patent (USP) particularly above-mentioned can use.
Flow of liquid was managed 4 o'clock through stream, mass flowrate signal " q
f" the general mass flowrate q ' that has represented liquid, i.e. measurement result.This is owing in liquid measure, condition
In fact always satisfy (2 π Fd)/c＜＜1 (1); In the formula: the velocity of sound in the c=fluid is the velocity of sound in the liquid here; The wall thickness of d=stream pipe 4; The instantaneous vibration frequency of f=stream pipe 4.Therefore, with regard to liquid,
q
f=c δ
τ=(c δ
φ)/(2 π f) in (2) formula: c=is by the constant of calibration and the decision of so-called calibration factor; δ
τ=the mistiming above-mentioned, for example, sensor signal x
17And x
18Between zero
Intersection point, and δ
φ=differential seat angle above-mentioned.
On the contrary, the method according to this invention in the line arrangements of Fig. 2, be we can say, mass flowrate q before (at last) mass flowrate signal " q " of the mass flowrate q that represents air-flow or steam flow generates
fProofread and correct.
Signal q
fMultiply by the function f (c) that is decided by the velocity of sound c in the fluid.Function f (c) may be,
F (c)=[1+b (2 π fd/c)
2]
-1(3) in the formula: b is decided by the constant calibrated, equals to flow the nominal diameter of pipe 4; D is the internal diameter of stream pipe 4.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, mass flowrate satisfies the requirement of following equation
C in the formula
0, c
1Be the particular constant of gas or vapour, and at supposition temperature signal x
19With to have following table institute train value under the proportional situation of the temperature of degree centigrade expression.
| Gas | ????C 0????m/s | ????C 1????m/(s·℃) |
| Oxygen molecule | ????313.32 | ????0.748 |
| Nitrogen molecular | ????336.69 | ????0.6097 |
| Hydrogen molecule | ????1286.6 | ????2.132 |
| Air | ????336.69 | ????0.6097 |
| Carbon dioxide | ????225.06 | ????0.6983 |
| Methane | ????415.72 | ????0.8688 |
| Ammonia | ????415.97 | ????0.7037 |
| Ethene under the 7500000 handkerchief pressure | ????552.23 | ????-8.9039 |
| Ethene under the 9500000 handkerchief pressure | ????617.01 | ???-7.932 |
| Argon | ????311.25 | ????0.594 |
| Helium | ????972.49 | ????1.7011 |
Mass flowrate signal " the q that branch circuit 31 sends
f" put on the dividend input end of first divider 32.Output terminal the latter just generates mass flowrate signal " q ".Be connected in described divider 32 the divisor input end be the output terminal of first adder 33, the first input end of this totalizer receives the signal " 1 " of expression numeral 1.
Second input end of totalizer 33 is connected in the output terminal of first multiplier 34.The first input end of multiplier 34 receives the signal " b " of the above-mentioned constant b of expression.Because this constant determines between alignment epoch, signal " b " is stored in the electronic memory such as Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) as calibration value usually.Signal " b " puts on the first input end of multiplier 34 then from described electronic memory.
What connect with second input end of multiplier 34 is the output terminal of second multiplier 35, and what second multiplier, first and second input ends were applied is same signal, and promptly these two input ends all are connected in the output terminal of second divider 36.Therefore, the signal that sends of 35 pairs of dividers 36 of multiplier plays squaring circuit.Divider 36 has the first dividend input end, and what put on it is the signal " f " of the instantaneous vibration frequency f of representative stream pipe 4.This signal can be by sensor signal x
17, x
18In one generate in due form, for example, referring to 5,648, No. 616 United States Patent (USP)s above-mentioned.
At last, divider 36 has a divisor input end, and it is connected in the output terminal of second adder.The first input end of second adder 38 is connected in the output terminal of the 3rd multiplier 39, and the first input end of the 3rd multiplier receives temperature signal x above-mentioned
19, its second input end then is connected in first output terminal of second electronic memory 40.Second electronic memory also can be, for example, and Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory.Storer 40 storage signal " c
0", " c
1", represent the value c that lists constant in the top table
0, c
1The first output terminal output signal " c of storer 40
1", its second output terminal output signal " c
0".This second output terminal is connected in second input end of totalizer 38.The selection input end of storer 40 receives second and selects signal s
2, Coriolis mass flow amount/densitometric user sets the signal " c of the fluid that will measure with this
0", " c
1" reading.
If being input into the signal of the branch circuit 32,40 of Fig. 2 is digital signals, the operation of these branch circuits can be carried out with the microprocessor of suitable programming.If branch circuit 31 output simulating signals just must have an analog-digital converter so between branch circuit 31 and divider 32, for example, under the situation of one of circuit of 5,648, No. 616 patent specification mentioning in the above, also be like this.
If branch circuit 31 provides digital signal, and with 5,648, under the situation of circuit that No. 616 United States Patent (USP)s are illustrated or the circuit of EP-A866 above-mentioned 319, analog-digital converter all is unnecessary.
In Fig. 2, considered to use c to velocity of sound
0+ c
1X
19The dependence of representing it and temperature.Also can use the dependence between other formulates and temperature such as following (5) and (6):
C=z
0+ z
1T
m+ z
2P+z
3T
m(5) in the formula: z
0, z
a, z
2, z
3=measure the particular constant of fluid;
The p=hydrodynamic pressure of determination of pressure sensor;
C=k
0(T
m)
1/2(6) k in the formula
0It is the particular constant of the fluid that will measure.
If use one in equation (5), (6) to consider velocity of sound c, must replace the denominator c of equation (4) with the right of equation (5) or (6)
0+ c
1X
19, also want serviceability temperature signal x
19Replace T
m
Because each type mass flowmeter/densimeter that produces all will be calibrated in known manner, in calibration, measure calibration factor and it is stored in the storer of above-mentioned meter, so constant above-mentioned also can be measured in this calibration simply.
Though the present invention is with reference to having done detailed demonstration and explanation in the figure explanation in front; but this demonstration and explanation are exemplary in nature; be not to limit, be appreciated that the just example embodiment that shows and illustrate, all changes and modification in the present invention's spirit scope all will be protected.
Claims (6)
1. method of measuring the mass flowrate of air-flow or steam flow, at least one stream pipe of the mass flow sensor by Coriolis mass flow amount/concentration table carries out described stream pipe:
A, be in operation with predetermined frequency f vibration by its material and size, but described frequency
Rate is changed by the density of fluid, equals or approach to flow the instantaneous mechanical resonance of pipe
Frequency;
B, attaching first vibration transducer,
This sensor sends the first sensor signal;
C, attaching second vibration transducer,
This sensor sends second sensor signal;
Described first and second vibration transducers are arranged on fluid and flow
Last direction has certain distance mutually;
D, attaching a Vib.;
E, surrounded or fixed, thereby can be vibrated by support plate by supporting frame or support column; Described method comprises from described first and second sensor signals and generates signal that is decided by the phase differential between the sensor signal and the step of amplifying described signal with the function f (c) that is decided by velocity of sound c in the fluid.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that being decided by phase differential signal indication be mistiming δ between the zero crossing of sensor signal
τ
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that being decided by phase differential signal indication be differential seat angle δ
φ, the latter is removed by 2 π and the long-pending of vibration frequency f.
4. according to claim 1 each method to the claim 3, it is characterized in that function f (c)
Formula be
F (c)=[1+b (2 π fd/c)
2]
-1In the formula: b is decided by the constant calibrated, equals to flow the nominal diameter of pipe 4; D is the internal diameter of stream pipe 4.
5. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that velocity of sound c is approximately equal to and be decided by that stream manages temperature T at that time
mFunction f (T
m).
6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that function f (T
m) formula be
C=c
0+ c
1T
m, c in the formula
0, c
1It is the fluid particular constant.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99109896 | 1999-05-20 | ||
| EP99109896.3 | 1999-05-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1274835A true CN1274835A (en) | 2000-11-29 |
Family
ID=8238211
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00108907 Pending CN1274835A (en) | 1999-05-20 | 2000-05-19 | Method for measuring mass flow rate of airflow or steam |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3245144B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1274835A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102435237A (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2012-05-02 | 天津大学 | Gas-solid two-phase flow parameter detector |
| CN102749266A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-24 | 青岛澳邦量器有限责任公司 | Fluid property measuring device and fluid density measuring method |
| CN104995490A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2015-10-21 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Vibration-type measuring transducer and measuring system formed therefrom |
| CN105008871A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2015-10-28 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Vibration-type measurement transducer and measurement system formed therewith |
| CN112119287A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-12-22 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Measuring device for determining the density, mass flow and/or viscosity of a flowable medium and method for operating the same |
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| DE102008049129A1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-08 | Gea Niro Gmbh | Coupling closure and fastening module and docking device, each containing this coupling closure |
| KR101609818B1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2016-04-20 | 마이크로 모우션, 인코포레이티드 | Method and apparatus for measuring a fluid parameter in a vibrating meter |
| JP2023500266A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2023-01-05 | マイクロ モーション インコーポレイテッド | Improved Supercritical Fluid Measurement Using Vibrating Sensors |
-
2000
- 2000-05-17 JP JP2000145102A patent/JP3245144B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-19 CN CN 00108907 patent/CN1274835A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102435237A (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2012-05-02 | 天津大学 | Gas-solid two-phase flow parameter detector |
| CN102749266A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-24 | 青岛澳邦量器有限责任公司 | Fluid property measuring device and fluid density measuring method |
| CN104995490A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2015-10-21 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Vibration-type measuring transducer and measuring system formed therefrom |
| CN105008871A (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2015-10-28 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Vibration-type measurement transducer and measurement system formed therewith |
| CN105008871B (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2018-07-31 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Transducer of vibration type and the measuring system for being formed with the measurement translator |
| CN104995490B (en) * | 2012-12-30 | 2018-10-16 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Transducer of vibration type and the measuring system for being formed with the measurement translator |
| CN112119287A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2020-12-22 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Measuring device for determining the density, mass flow and/or viscosity of a flowable medium and method for operating the same |
| CN112119287B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2023-12-01 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Measuring device for determining the density, mass flow and/or viscosity of a flowable medium and method for operating the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000337941A (en) | 2000-12-08 |
| JP3245144B2 (en) | 2002-01-07 |
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