CN1270372A - Image processing apparatus and method, and recording media - Google Patents
Image processing apparatus and method, and recording media Download PDFInfo
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- CN1270372A CN1270372A CN00104840A CN00104840A CN1270372A CN 1270372 A CN1270372 A CN 1270372A CN 00104840 A CN00104840 A CN 00104840A CN 00104840 A CN00104840 A CN 00104840A CN 1270372 A CN1270372 A CN 1270372A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/32—Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device
- H04N1/32101—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title
- H04N1/32144—Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
- H04N1/32149—Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
- H04N1/32203—Spatial or amplitude domain methods
- H04N1/32256—Spatial or amplitude domain methods in halftone data
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Abstract
A texture which is not normally generated by a pseudo halftone process is artificially generated by combining quantization values(S307, S308), and a 1-bit code is expressed by the presence/absence of texture.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of image processing equipment and method, and a kind of medium.
Conventionally, carried out all sidedly being used for the research of the information multipath conversion of another relevant image on the image information.
In recent years, a kind of technology that is called digital watermarking, this technology is comprising that the additional information multipath conversion of copyright ownerL copyrighted material's owner's name, the usage license/refusal and so on is on the image information of photo, oil painting and so on, cause and visually be difficult to discover, and, come into vogue via this information of the net distribution such as the Internet.
Another application field as this technology, picture obtains the imaging device of higher image quality such as duplicating machine, printer, a kind of additional information is embedded an image in case from output end of image to recording chart specified output device pattern and model, purpose is to prevent that the ticket such as banknote, duty stamp is forged, and is known.
For example, proposed a kind of by embedding additional information the technology of information multipath conversion at the high-frequency range of aberration with low visual sensitivity and saturated composition.
Yet conventional multipath conversion technology exists following problem.
Figure 16 illustrates conventional additional information embedding method.As shown in Figure 16, image information A and additional information B via totalizer 1601 by multipath conversion so that generate multipath conversion information C.Totalizer 1601 can be added in information in the real space of image information A or can be transformed into information in frequency domain to image information A with fourier transform and so on for example, then can be in the high-frequency range of the information of conversion comprehensive additional information B.
If might carry out any such as various Filtering Processing Flame Image Process or any such as irreversible compression encoding process and distribute the multipath conversion information C of such generation, it also is easy then promptly using routine techniques to come from multipath conversion information C decoding additional information B.In addition, the image information of for example distributing on the Internet also can via be used for such as the edge emphasize, the digital filter that improves picture quality the smoothing processing decodes, as long as it has certain noise rebound resilience.
Suppose that an imaging device only has the low expression performance of each color two to several gray levels that reach.In recent years, ink-jet printer can be expressed the several gray levels of each color, unless but adopt accurate site contrast to handle the image of the photographic quality that is beyond expression with the ink with lower colour saturation or by the spot sizes that control changeably will be exported.
Figure 17 carries out the example that accurate site contrast is handled when being illustrated in conventional additional information multipath conversion.That is to say, except the configuration shown in Figure 16, this reliable site of multipath conversion information contrast is handled 1701 and is converted quantitative information D to, and this transitional information is got on recording chart by printer output 1702, thereby obtains the obviously type information E of deterioration.
Therefore, mean after a series of processing shown in Figure 17 from type information E decoding additional information from the information decoding additional information on the recording chart for the purpose that prevents to forge.Yet image information is by these two processing, and processing 1701 of promptly accurate site contrast and printer output 1702 change largely.Thereby, to additional information carry out multipath conversion extremely difficult cause to become visually can discover, and the information from recording chart normally decodes extremely difficult to the additional information of multipath conversion.
In above-mentioned multipath conversion technology, information is attached in the high-frequency range of image.Yet, when accurate site contrast is subsequently handled the use error diffusion, the frequency range of additional information is overshadowed in because the characteristic of the peculiar Hi-pass filter of error diffusion and under the reticulate pattern that produced by error diffusion, and additional information decoded becomes more difficult.In addition, for this information of decoding exactly, need have the scanister of high precision.
That is to say that in the time must carrying out the contrast processing of accurate site, the multiplexed transfer method shown in Figure 17 is inappropriate.In other words, need a kind of additional information multiplexed transfer method that makes full use of the characteristic of accurate site contrast processing.
Some examples that the redundancy section of the multipath conversion of additional information and the processing of accurate site contrast is combined will be described below.
As the 1st example, when coming binarization, additional data is blended in the picture signal by selecting to indicate the colour mixture matrix of an identification gray level with orderly colour mixture.Yet, in orderly colour mixture,, be difficult to export photographic quality image unless use printer with high resolving power and high mechanical precision.Very little machine error produces as the low-frequency noise such as horizontal stripe, and can be from visually easily discovering on paper.When this colour mixture matrix changes periodically, disturbed by the concrete frequency range of the colour mixture pattern generating of rule, so picture quality is produced harmful effect.In addition, demoder must be by estimating that employed colour mixture matrix be decoded in the binarization, and be unknown as the pixel value of the image information of original signal, thereby be difficult to be decoded accurately.
As the 2nd example, the method that the colored colour mixture graphic-arts technique of a kind of usefulness is carried out multipath conversion to additional information is known.In this method, the deterioration of image when switching the colour mixture matrix is avoided can't be in last example.Come compared with the 1st example, more additional information sheet can be by multipath conversion, and still the layout change owing to color component makes tone reversal, and significantly worsens in solid section picture quality.In addition, decoding becomes rareer and arrives.
Under any circumstance, these methods that change the colour mixture matrix all have following problem, although promptly picture quality significantly worsens, still are difficult to obtain decoding.
The present invention has made so that address the above problem, its purpose is that providing a kind of can suppress deterioration of image simultaneously the additional information multipath conversion on image information, and image processing equipment and the method that can easily decode to additional information, and a kind of medium.
In order to realize above purpose, according to a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, providing a kind of is used for the image processing equipment of additional information multipath conversion on the image information, this equipment comprises that the accurate site contrast that is used for by based on error diffusion handles the quantification mechanism that the pixels of interest of image information is quantized, and is used for quantized value in the one group of pixel that comprises pixels of interest and forms the control gear of the quantized value of control pixels of interest under the situation of the concrete pattern that indicates this additional information.
For example, this concrete pattern is a pattern that is not easy to generate by this quantification mechanism.
Another object of the present invention is, a kind of image processing equipment and method with new function is provided, and a kind of medium.
From the following description of making in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other features and advantages of the present invention will be conspicuous, and identical in the accompanying drawings label is represented identical or similar part in its all figure.
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of expression according to the configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot of the 1st embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the block scheme of detailed configuration of the accurate site contrast processing unit of expression the 1st embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the quantification treatment among expression the 1st embodiment;
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B illustrate one of the target pattern among the 1st embodiment example;
Fig. 5 illustrates among the 1st embodiment its coding by one of the piece of multipath conversion example;
Fig. 6 illustrates one of diffusion matrix example in the error diffusion;
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of expression according to the quantification treatment of the 2nd embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 C illustrates the example of the target pattern among the 2nd embodiment;
Fig. 9 is the block scheme of expression according to the configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the block scheme of expression according to the configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot of the 4th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 is that the threshold value among expression the 4th embodiment changes the process flow diagram of handling;
Figure 12 is the block scheme of expression according to the configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot of the 5th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the block scheme of expression according to the configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot of the 6th embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the process flow diagram of the quantification treatment among expression the 6th embodiment;
Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B illustrate the Change Example in the quantification pattern among the 6th embodiment;
Figure 16 is the block scheme of one of the conventional multipath conversion processing of expression example; And
Figure 17 is another routine block scheme that the conventional multipath conversion of expression is handled.
Describe most preferred embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings in detail.Note, image processing equipment among each embodiment is effectively to realize as the printer driver in the computing machine, this computing machine produces the image information that will output to Printer Information, but also can be used as hardware or software realization effectively in duplicating machine, facsimile equipment, printer main body and so on.
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot of expression among the 1st embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, label 10 is represented a controller, and this controller comprises CPU 10a, ROM 10b, RAM 10c and so on, and controls the operation and the processing of each member that will address hereinafter.Particularly, CPU 10a controls multipath conversion and corresponding handle with RAM 10c as working storage according to the program that is stored in advance among the ROM 10b.
Fig. 2 is the block scheme of the detailed configuration of the accurate site of expression contrast processing unit 101.Accurate site contrast processing unit 101 use error spread carries out the contrast processing of accurate site.Because the details of general error diffusion is known for the professional and technical personnel, so will omit its detailed description.
To illustrate wherein below, quantized value is the error diffusion processing of binary value.
With reference to Fig. 2, label 200 is represented a totalizer, this totalizer the value of the pixels of interest of input image information with from binarization, the quantization error addition of the distribution of surrounding pixel.Compare this with a prior preset threshold by comparer 201, and when should and during greater than this threshold value, export " 1 "; Otherwise output " 0 " is so quantize this pixel value.When for example 8 precision are expressed the gray level of a given pixel, common way is also to express it with " 0 " as minimum value with " 255 " as maximal value.When this quantized value was " 1 ", an ink dot (ink, ink powder and so on) was printed on the recording chart.
To describe quantifying unit 103 in detail below.Fig. 3 is illustrated in the process flow diagram that calculates the sequence of operation of quantized value in the quantifying unit 103.To enumerate a kind of situation below is example, and wherein additional information embeds in the piece that is made of the vertical pixel of the N in the image information and M horizontal pixel.
In step S301, variable i is initialised.Variable i counting vertical address.In step S302, use the differentiation of address value i, that is to say, check whether address i indicates the delegation that one of them code will be embedded into.The additional information of supposing 40 embeds one by N vertical pixel and M the piece that horizontal pixel defines, and " 40+ α " the capable address along all N of the vertical direction of this piece in capable is used to embed code.Notice that α needs as the beginning that indicates code and the flag code of end.In this occasion, indicate rule that " the 40+ α " of N in capable be about to be used and be necessary for coder side and decoder-side the two is discerned.For example, can set capable and so on the rule that embeds code to each n.In this occasion, numerical value n preferably arrives to a certain degree greatly, so that the code that embeds visually is unconspicuous.
In step S302, ' being ' is determined " 40+ α " in N is capable inferior, and that ' denying ' is determined remaining " N-(40+ α) " is inferior.If be ' denying ' in step S302, then in step S304 output needle to the quantized value Q=" 0 " of delegation.On the other hand, if in step S302, be ' being ', check in step S303 that then interested code is " 1 " or " 0 ".In this embodiment, the information size that will embed at the delegation in this piece is 1.If this code is " 0 ", then output needle and is selected next line to the quantized value Q=" 0 " of delegation in step S312 in step S304.
On the other hand, if this code is " 1 ", then the variable i in count level address in the step S314 is initialised and generates random number a in step S305.Notice that can suppose that the numerical range of random number a is set for less than N, or rather, this scope is preferably set with experimental technique.Then, check that in step S306 whether the variable j of horizontal address counter is greater than random number a.If for ' being ', then this process enters step S307 in step S306, check whether the pattern in the window of the pixel that relates to one group of binarization matches with a pattern (hereinafter will be called target pattern) of setting in advance.If two patterns match, then in step S308, export a quantized value Q=" 1 "; An otherwise output quantized value Q=" 0 " in step S309.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B are illustrated in one of the target pattern among this embodiment example.Fig. 4 A illustrates a given piece of image information, i.e. window, in pixel layout, * indicates pixels of interest, and pixel A, B, C, D and E have passed through final binarization.Fig. 4 B illustrates a target pattern example.If pixel A is got numerical value in the target pattern to E in the window shown in Fig. 4 A, judge that then pattern and the target pattern in the window matches.In the example shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, because the pixel that will relate to has five, so can obtain 5 combination as the pattern of benchmark pixel.The actual pattern of the quantized value around the pixels of interest is a kind of 5 combination, and checks in the superincumbent step S307 whether the surrounding pixel pattern equals the target pattern of setting in advance.
The value of variable j increases progressively counting so that row are moved in horizontal address in step S310.Check that in step S311 whether variable j is less than M.If carried out this processing at M horizontal pixel, then the variable i to vertical direction increases progressively counting in step S312.Check whether carried out this processing step S313 Rigen according to becoming i at N row.If be ' denying ' in step S313, then this process turns back to step S302 so that repeat a series of processing.
In the process flow diagram shown in Fig. 3, two quantized value Q=" 0 " and " 1 " all are output for simplicity.Yet this embodiment also can followingly realize.That is to say, because wherein the occasion of code " Q=1 " that be embedded into is less than the occasion of " Q=0 " significantly, so " Q=0 " can be configured to give tacit consent to quantized value, and can be at sending switching signal with " Q=1 " corresponding pixel.
Below quantized value determining unit 104 will be described.Quantized value determining unit 104 comprises simple ' or ' door.Therefore, a pixel that is quantified as " 1 " as the quantized result of accurate site contrast processing unit 101 or quantifying unit 103 is finally by " 1 " output.More particularly, a new quantized value " 1 " only is additional to except being additional to those pixels of handling through accurate site contrast wherein that code " 1 " is quantized the pixel that unit 103 embeds.Quantized value be attached to the embedding that means the code of additional information among this embodiment.
Fig. 5 illustrate a kind of wherein code in a piece by the state of multipath conversion.Suppose that dotted line among Fig. 5 indicates the person that wherein will embed the code.By one group of code is embedded delegation, they indicate as the opening code of this piece and the flag code of end code.
Embedded therein after the delegation of an opening code, all the x position codes from the 1st to the x position are embedded into fixing row.As mentioned above, be indicated in employed row in the embedding information must the two be discerned by scrambler side and decoder-side.End at this piece embeds an end mark sign indicating number.Notice that one of beginning label sign indicating number or end mark sign indicating number can omit.More particularly, decoder-side can detect wherein code by a zone of multipath conversion.
In this embodiment, use a random number at column direction.Yet, the invention is not restricted to this concrete example, and can use random number at line direction.Decoder-side must be by judging embedded code regularly along at least one direction position or by providing one to specify the key of embedded location to discern embedded location exactly is provided.
The configuration of the multipath conversion processing that realizes this embodiment has been described.The main points of this embodiment are, the combination by quantized value generates reliable site contrast artificially and handles the reticulate pattern that can't generate usually, and by the existence of this reticulate pattern/do not exist and express 1 code.That is to say that this embodiment is characterised in that, when the target pattern that detects in an image shown in Fig. 4 B, pixels of interest is quantified as " 1 ", so generate the reticulate pattern of a succession of " 1 " artificially.
In general, error diffusion is known as the quantization method of the very unique reticulate pattern of a kind of generation.Conventionally, the observer finds that with vision the generation of the chain type reticulate pattern of interference is a serious problem of error diffusion.For this reason, once made many suggestions that are used for preventing this interference reticulate pattern.
Yet when analyzing the forming factors of reticulate pattern, cross-hatched pattern comprises can generation person and can not generation person.For example, if the diffusion matrix shown in Fig. 6 is used as the error distribution table, then when a pixel of the tight front of pixels of interest that is indicated by * is quantified as " 1 ",,, adjacent pixels of interest becomes difficult more so being quantized into " 1 " owing to generate negative quantization error.Thereby, when the code that adds with this embodiment is decoded, if can detect (low concentration region) solid section of a high-lightness, owing to can't normally generate wherein the quantized value pattern that two horizontal adjacent pixels are taken as " 1 ", so if this pattern it be detected a code that then may be identified as.
Note, though the reticulate pattern that forms by the ink dot of printing in succession when it be also to be difficult to give prominence to by having to hang down when the ink-jet printer of the resolution of about 360dpi is printed on recording chart, can not force any vision interference to naked eyes.Yet, when with the reticulate pattern on the magnifier observed and recorded paper, can clearly perceive the ink dot of printing in succession.Therefore, in this embodiment, need not just can easily decode by any reader expensive such as the high-definition picture scanner to the code that embeds.That is to say, can support utilization, then can easily decode the code that embeds iff magnifier and the measurement mechanism that can measure the distance (pixel count) between the code (reticulate pattern) of embedding.
So, as long as the reticulate pattern that can form can be controlled artificially, just can visually embed code naturally on recording chart.This be because the frequency characteristic of error diffusion at given fixed frequency place without any spike but as the cause of a broadband high-pass wave filter.
In contrast, with in the short orderly colour mixture of periods rules ground re-treatment, be difficult to control artificially reticulate pattern therein.Because in order colour mixture has very large electric power at a fixed frequency place based on the colour mixture cycle, if information embeds in the frequency range beyond this peak frequency, then the observer visually experience is inharmonious, cause deterioration of image.
As mentioned above, in general, two adjacent pixels always not all are taken as " 1 " in the solid section of high-lightness.Therefore, the code that embeds as in succession ink dot in this embodiment is decoded in the solid section at high-lightness at least.Because this embodiment has it to prevent the purpose that the ticket such as banknote, duty stamp is forged, so target pattern comprises the solid section of a high-lightness all the time.In the chromatic information such as YMCK information, one of four looks that are divided into color component very likely become the solid section of a high-lightness as the result of the processing such as UCR (following look subduction).Therefore, this embodiment can realize this purpose fully.
For example understood the reticulate pattern in the solid section of high-lightness.In addition, in the solid section of for example highlight high concentration part in addition, any sign indicating number can be embedded into by generate a reticulate pattern that is not easy to generate in this concentration range.More particularly, decoder-side only needs to discern and the cross-hatched pattern that is not easy to generate in the concentration range that may differentiate for code of decoding.
In this embodiment, the code embedding grammar in a piece has been described.Preferably on entire image, repeatedly embed code as a unit with this piece.When code is embedded on entire image, even when code can't be embedded in one of image given piece, code can easily embed in certain other piece.
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, owing to a code is expressed by the reticulate pattern that is not easy to generate in the solid section of image, so additional information can suppress deterioration of image simultaneously by multipath conversion on image information.In addition, the additional information of multipath conversion can be easily decoded and need not use device any costliness, accurate.
Various details the 2nd embodiment.
Because the configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot the processing in quantifying unit 103 among the 2nd embodiment is identical substantially with person shown in Fig. 1 of above-mentioned the 1st embodiment, so will omit its detailed description.
Describe quantification treatment among the 2nd embodiment in detail with reference to the process flow diagram shown in Fig. 7 below.In the following description, suppose as in the 1st embodiment that quantized value is taken as binary value and in the piece that N * M pixel in the additional information embedded images information formed.Notice that the information size that will embed in the delegation in this piece is 1.In addition, the identical processing of person in the representative of identical step number and the process flow diagram shown in Fig. 3 will be omitted its detailed description.
In the quantification treatment in the 2nd embodiment, be " 1 " if judge the code that will embed in step S303, the pattern A that then deposits in advance is configured to target pattern in step S701; If judge that in step S303 this code is " 0 ", the pattern B that then deposits in advance is configured to target pattern in step S706.Later processing is identical with person among the 1st embodiment.
And in the process flow diagram shown in Fig. 7, two quantized value Q=" 0 " and " 1 " all are output for simplicity.Yet, because wherein the occasion of code " Q=1 " that be embedded into is less than the occasion of " Q=0 " significantly, so " Q=0 " can be configured to give tacit consent to quantized value, and can be at sending switching signal with " Q=1 " corresponding pixel.
Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 C is illustrated among the 2nd embodiment as the pattern A of target pattern setting and the example of B.Fig. 8 A illustrates the pixel layout in the window, and * indicates pixels of interest, and pixel A to H be the surrounding pixel that has passed through final binarization, and 8 combinations of values is arranged.Fig. 8 B and Fig. 8 C illustrate the example of pattern A and B respectively, and the numerical value that is positioned at the pixel of the position that is indicated by "-" can be any numerical value.
From Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 C as can be seen, pattern A is characterised in that, at the pixel place of the tight front of pixels of interest quantized value=1 is arranged along horizontal direction, and pattern B is characterised in that, at the pixel place of the tight front of pixels of interest quantized value=1 is arranged along vertical direction.Therefore, if in this piece, detect the pixel layout of pattern A, then form level quantification pattern in succession; If detect pattern B, then form a vertical quantification pattern in succession.
In the 2nd embodiment, when embedding code of additional information, not only when this code is " 1 ", and when this code is " 0 ", quantized value Q=" 1 " is configured to " 1 ".That is to say that when embedding code, all quantized value Q are configured to " 1 ".
The code that decoder-side can be differentiated embedding according to the pattern difference is " 1 " or " 0 ".That is to say, above-mentioned the 1st embodiment as shown in Figure 3, by the existence of reticulate pattern/do not have the information that embeds 1, and the 2nd embodiment embeds a code by the pattern that changes the reticulate pattern that will generate.In the example shown in Fig. 8 A to Fig. 8 C, the pattern that wherein vertically occurs " 1 " in succession is configured to code " 1 ", and the pattern that wherein flatly occurs " 1 " in succession is configured to code " 0 ".
Notice that decoder-side should be discerned and the solid section of the high-lightness of decoding or the solid section of a high concentration part as in above-mentioned the 1st embodiment.
In the 2nd embodiment, illustrated with of the embedding of two kinds of different target patterns to 1 information.In addition, by setting two or more different target patterns, can embed more code.
As mentioned above, according to the 2nd embodiment because one group of code expresses by one group of reticulate pattern that is not easy to generate in the solid section of image, thus can be on image information a large amount of additional information of multipath conversion, suppress deterioration of image simultaneously.
Various details the 3rd embodiment.
Fig. 9 illustrates the configuration according to the signal of the traffic pilot of the 3rd embodiment.Identical part among Fig. 1 among identical label representative among Fig. 9 and above-mentioned the 1st embodiment will be omitted its detailed description.
The 3rd embodiment is characterised in that, inserts a noise removing unit 901 in the front of accurate site contrast processing unit 101.Wave filter of noise removing unit 901 usefulness removes the little noise that is present in the image.The noise remove method does not limit especially.For example, a window can be formed by some pixels of surrounding pixels of interest, if and only have pixels of interest to have the pixel value different with the value of surrounding pixel, then it can be differentiated into noise, and the pixel value of pixels of interest can be changed.In addition, can adopt other known method.
Notice that the quantization method in the quantifying unit 103 can be based on Fig. 3 among the above-mentioned the 1st or the 2nd embodiment or the sequence of operation shown in Fig. 7.
As in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd embodiment, the 3rd embodiment embeds a code as cross-hatched pattern on an image, and decoder-side comes information is decoded by detecting the code that embeds.That is to say,, need one in corresponding concentration range, to depend merely on the pattern that the contrast processing of accurate site is difficult to generate as the pattern that will generate artificially.
Picture as described in the 1st embodiment, is not easy to generate numerical value " 1 " at two pixels in succession in the solid section of high-lightness.Yet, in image, comprise noise, and decoder-side is when detecting the pattern of " 1 " in succession, may be difficult to differentiate that detected pattern is generated by noise or generate by embedding a code artificially.
In order to solve this problem, the 3rd embodiment removed all noise contributions in the pixel unit before accurate site contrast is handled, thereby avoided exporting the image that is mixed with noise.One handle with this, can prevent that the pattern that is generated by noise from being differentiated into an artificial pattern mistakenly.In addition, the degree of freedom that generates artificial pattern has improved.That is to say that owing to removed noise contribution, so the number of types of the reticulate pattern that is generated by error diffusion has reduced, the cross-hatched pattern number that can generate artificially relatively increases.
Note, replace noise removing unit 901 can connect a low-pass filter.Yet if too much in the filtered change of previous image of accurate site contrast processing, this change influences picture quality significantly.Therefore, an optimum filter is preferably selected by experiment.
Notice that the 3rd embodiment is not suitable for the character/string diagram picture of artificial generation.For example, in the character/string diagram picture by for example image analyzer and so on scanning, its edge is rust owing to the MTF of input media, and generates intermediate concentration.Therefore, can insert noise removing unit 901 in the front of accurate site contrast processing unit 101.Yet, in the character that produces artificially by computing machine and so on/string diagram picture, be noise or required information owing to be difficult to distinguish it, so required information may be lost by noise removal process.
Therefore, for fear of above shortcoming, input end 100 is only accepted image information via the input media such as scanner, and the artificial image such as character/string diagram picture is preferably imported via another handling procedure, so that without any noise remove.
As mentioned above, according to the 3rd embodiment, because noise is removed before accurate site contrast is handled to image information, then additional information by multipath conversion on image information, so not only coder side can avoid reticulate pattern to express the differentiation mistake of sign indicating number, and can the bigger additional information species number of multipath conversion.
Various details the 4th embodiment.
Figure 10 is the block scheme of expression according to the configuration of the signal of the traffic pilot of the 4th embodiment.Label 100 is represented an input end, and this input end is imported many grades image information.Label 1001 is represented an accurate site contrast processing unit, and this processing unit is carried out from the accurate site contrast of the image information of input end 100 inputs and handled so that become this information translation less than the quantification gradation of input gray level progression and use the quantized value of one group of pixel to reappear tone by the ink dot area modulated.This quantized result sends to printer as the additional information multipath conversion to the result on the image information via an output terminal 105, and forms an image on recording chart.Notice that the person is identical shown in the Fig. 2 among the detailed configuration of accurate site contrast processing unit 1001 and the 1st embodiment.
The 4th embodiment is characterised in that contrast condition changing unit, accurate site 1002 changes the threshold value in the contrast processing of accurate site.For example, in the accurate site contrast processing unit 101 in above-mentioned the 1st embodiment, the threshold value that is input to the quantification of comparer 201 (Fig. 2) is a fixed value.Yet in the 4th embodiment, the threshold value that is input to comparer 201 is dynamically changed by contrast condition changing unit, accurate site 1002.
Figure 11 is the process flow diagram of the sequence of operation of expression contrast condition changing unit, accurate site 1002.In the following description, as in the 1st embodiment, suppose that quantized value is taken as binary value and in the piece that N * M pixel in the additional information embedded images information formed.Notice that the information size that will embed in the delegation in this piece is 1.In addition, the identical processing of person in the representative of identical step number and the process flow diagram shown in Fig. 3 will be omitted its detailed description.
Threshold value at the 4th embodiment changes in the processing, if judge that in step S302 interested row is the row that does not wherein embed code, if the code that will embed in step S303 is " 0 ", then in step S1101, set and output threshold value TH=C at delegation.Because numerical value C is configured to the threshold value that accurate site contrast is handled, so common way is to set " 0.5 " as the intermediate value between quantized value " 0 " and " 1 ".If a pixel value is expressed with 8, then threshold value TH=C is equivalent to " 128 ".Certainly, threshold value is not limited to the intermediate value of quantized value.
Check that in step S306 whether the value j of horizontal address counter is greater than random number a.If in step S306 for ' being ', then as in the 1st embodiment in step S307 the pattern in the inspection, whether this pattern relates to the pixel of one group of binarization, match with a predetermined target pattern.If in step S307, be ' being ', then in step S1102, set and export a threshold value TH=D.In this occasion, D is configured to force accurate site contrast to handle the value of output " 1 ".
On the other hand, if in step S306 j≤a, and if in step S307 reference pattern and target pattern do not match, then this process enters step S1103 so that set and export a threshold value TH=C as in step S1101.
In the process flow diagram of Figure 11, all generate output at two threshold value TH=C and D for simplicity, the occasion that still embeds " TH=D " of a code " 1 " is less than the occasion of " TH=C " significantly.Therefore, it is effective in accurate site contrast processing unit 1001 C being set for default threshold TH.More particularly, contrast condition changing unit, accurate site 1002 only generates a switching signal to accurate site contrast processing unit 1001 at the pixel that is equivalent to " TH=D ", and accurate site contrast processing unit 1001 is only just carried out the contrast processing of accurate site with D as threshold value when it receives this switching signal, handles and can carry out accurate site contrast with C at other pixels.
As mentioned above, according to the 4th embodiment, only when a code " 1 " when being embedded into threshold value TH=D just be set.When contrast condition changing unit, accurate site 1002 changed threshold value TH like this, accurate site contrast processing unit 1001 can suitably embed additional information by only carrying out normal error diffusion.
Note the person in the 1st embodiment of the quantification treatment inequivalence among the 4th embodiment.In the 1st embodiment, the quantized value that will embed the pixel of a code is therein set for " 1 " forcibly, and no matter the value of pixels of interest is just carried out this setting.That is to say, because quantized value determining unit 104 sets a quantized value forcibly after with accurate site contrast processing unit 101 error diffusion, quantized value is being set for=any quantization error is not spread when " 1 ".Strictly speaking, pixel value is not held.In addition, because " 1 " be added to usually the location of pixels that is quantized into " 0 ", so concentration improves partly, and this pixel is visually discovered easily.
In contrast, in the 4th embodiment, the quantized value that will embed the pixel of a code is therein set for " 1 " forcibly as in the 1st embodiment, but owing to the threshold value that only changes in the contrast processing of accurate site, so the pixel value of pixels of interest is held.That is to say, be configured to " 1 " owing to will embed the quantized value of the pixel of a code therein, so in accurate site contrast processing unit 1001, accumulated a bigger negative quantity error.Therefore, after this code is embedded into, generate the space state that wherein occurs quantized value " 0 " in succession in the pixel around, and concentration is kept partly.
And in the 4th embodiment, it is effective inserting the noise removing unit described in the 3rd embodiment in contrast processing unit 1001 fronts, accurate site.
As mentioned above, according to the 4th embodiment, because the threshold value Be Controlled that in accurate site contrast is handled, will relate to, so a code can be kept local concentration simultaneously by multipath conversion.
Various details the 5th embodiment.
Figure 12 illustrates the configuration according to the signal of the traffic pilot of the 5th embodiment.The identical part of person among Fig. 1 in Figure 12 among the representative of identical label and the 1st embodiment will be omitted its detailed description.With reference to Figure 12, label 1201 represents one to be used for reference to the quantized result of the code of additional information and one group of pixel that has finally been quantized and to calculate the quantifying unit of the quantized value of pixels of interest.
The 5th embodiment is characterised in that, pixels of interest before accurate site contrast is handled and its surrounding pixel be transfused to quantifying unit 1201.
In above-mentioned the 1st to the 4th embodiment, the reticulate pattern that is not easy to generate in corresponding concentration range is generated as artificial cross-hatched pattern, and by multipath conversion.The prerequisite of this multiplexed transfer method is the image information piece, and this image information piece is the solid section with homogeneous concentration as a unit of code that will multipath conversion.More particularly, above-mentioned multiplexed transfer method is effective for the solid section of image.Yet in fact, an image information piece often comprises an edge or one group of concentration range.
The 5th embodiment differs widely with above all embodiment in the following areas, and promptly the pattern that will generate dynamically changes.That is to say that quantifying unit 1201 detects the concentration of all pixels of surrounding pixels of interest, and a pattern that is not easy to generate is set for target pattern under these concentration, and embed a code with this target pattern that generates artificially.
As the target pattern of setting in the 5th embodiment, the number of greyscale levels that can express is grouped into one group of concentration range, and is that the target pattern of unit is preferably preserved in advance a table with the concentration range.
In addition, when being equivalent to one, pixels of interest during the marginal portion, can determine that a code is difficult to embed, and quantized result can be set for " 0 " forcibly so that realize high speed processing.
Notice that decoder-side must detected image concentration, and consistently detect target pattern with concentration.Therefore, when using this table when in multipath conversion, using similarly when decoding, table is effective.
In the 5th embodiment, with image color target setting pattern consistently.For example, it is effective the 5th embodiment and the 4th embodiment being combined.More particularly, when consistently setting quantization threshold with image color, the same effect of the person of obtaining when in fact obtaining with the switching target pattern.
As mentioned above, according to the 5th embodiment, owing to the target pattern of the code concentration by image information changes, so even also code of multipath conversion suitably in the part beyond the solid section of image.
Various details the 6th embodiment.
Figure 13 illustrates the configuration according to the signal of the traffic pilot of the 6th embodiment.The identical part of person among Fig. 1 among identical label representative among Figure 13 and the 1st embodiment will be omitted its detailed description.With reference to Figure 13, label 1301 represents one to be used for according to the quantized value of the encirclement pixels of interest after accurate site contrast is handled and the additional information of input, and the quantification layout that changes the layout of the quantized value that has carried out the contrast processing of accurate site changes the unit.
Figure 14 is that expression quantizes the sequence of operation in the layout change unit 1301, the just process flow diagram of the quantification treatment among the 6th embodiment.In the following description, as in the 1st embodiment, suppose that quantized value is taken as binary value and additional information is embedded in the piece that N * M pixel in the image information form.Notice that the information size that will embed in the delegation in this piece is 1.In addition, the identical processing of person in the representative of identical step number and the process flow diagram shown in the Fig. 3 described in the 1st embodiment will be omitted its detailed description.
In the quantification treatment of the 6th embodiment, if judge that in step S302 interested row is the row that does not wherein embed code, if the code that will embed in step S303 is " 0 ", then this program jumps to step S312 so that begin processing to next line.That is to say that in the row of pre-treatment, the layout of the pixel that has quantized remains unchanged.
Check that in step S306 whether the value j of horizontal address counter is greater than random number a.If in step S306 for ' being ', then as in the 1st embodiment in step S307 the pattern in the inspection, whether this pattern relates to the pixel of one group of binarization, match with a predetermined target pattern.If in step S307, be ' being ', then in step S1401, search for the adjacent scope of surrounding pixel so that find out a pixel that is quantized into " 1 ".This search begins to carry out successively from the pixel of relatively close pixels of interest in predetermined scope.Note, from ferret out, reject with adjacent " 1 " the corresponding pixel that exists in the target pattern.Note the span of the row that the hunting zone must be embedded into less than code wherein.
The quantized value of the pixel of finding out is changed into " 0 " from " 1 " in step S1402, and the quantized value of pixels of interest is changed into " 1 " from " 0 " on the contrary in step S1403.That is to say that in step S1402 and step S1403, the layout of the quantized value of pixels of interest and surrounding pixel is changed.After the layout of quantized value was changed, this program entered step S312 so that count up to vertical address counter i, so begin the processing to next line.
On the other hand, if in step S306 j≤a, and if in step S307 reference pattern and target pattern do not match, then this process enters step S310 so that count up to horizontal address counter j.
In the 6th embodiment, generate artificial cross-hatched pattern owing to change to handle, so 1 code of additional information or equivalent are embedded into image information by above-mentioned quantized value layout.
The 6th embodiment is characterised in that, does not change concentration value itself by only changing pixel layout and embeds a code.Note, quantize the layout change and handle and synchronously or asynchronously to carry out with error diffusion.
Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B illustrate a kind of layout reformed state in the 6th embodiment that wherein quantizes.Figure 15 A illustrates the output of autocollimatic site contrast processing unit 101, just handle the state of quantized value afterwards in error diffusion, and Figure 15 B illustrates from quantizing the output that layout changes unit 1301, just the state of quantized value after layout has been changed.In Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B, beat hatched grid and indicate and have=pixel of the quantized value of " 1 ", and label 1501 is represented pixels of interest.In addition, the hunting zone is set for and is comprised near for example 24 pixels (is 5 * 5 pixels at center with the pixels of interest) of pixels of interest.
According to Figure 15 A and Figure 15 B, by change to quantize layout obtain with by the pixel 1502 with numerical value " 1 " in the hunting zone being moved to the same effect of the resultant person in position of pixels of interest 1501.
As mentioned above, according to the 6th embodiment, do not change pixel value itself by the layout that changes pixel value and generate predetermined reticulate pattern, additional information can be by multipath conversion.
The the 1st to the 6th embodiment has been described, and these embodiment are suitably combined also is effective.
Among the above embodiment each all illustrates two gray levels (quantized value is taken as " 0 " or " 1 "), but the present invention also is effective for bigger number of greyscale levels.In above embodiment, 1 code is embedded into each row of piece, but the invention is not restricted to this.In above embodiment, the position that code will be embedded in delegation is controlled with a random number.Yet, the invention is not restricted to this concrete example.For example, the position that code will be embedded in delegation can be set in advance, and this position can be set regularly.
When additional information by multipath conversion to the color image information such as YMCK information the time, multipath conversion is handled not to be needed all color components are carried out (for example, can only carry out yellow composition, yellow composition intermediate-resolution visually worsens).
In above embodiment, handle as accurate site contrast with error diffusion.Yet, the invention is not restricted to error diffusion, and can use blue noise to realize by colour mixture with frequency characteristic identical with error diffusion person, perhaps a kind of method that error diffusion and average concentration method are combined (the open № 2-210961 of Jap.P.).
The type of additional information is not limited to the information of the output state of relevant image information, and can adopt for example audio-frequency information and so on.
Note, the present invention can apply to a system by one group of device (for example a principal computer, an interface arrangement, a reader, a printer and so on) formation, perhaps an equipment that is made of individual equipment (for example a duplicating machine, a facsimile equipment and so on).
Purpose of the present invention is also by providing a kind of medium (or recording medium) to realize, this medium records this system or equipment to the procedure code of the software program of the function that can realize the foregoing description, and reads and carry out the procedure code that is stored in this medium by a computing machine of this system or equipment (perhaps a CPU or MPU).In this occasion, realize the function of the foregoing description from the procedure code itself that this medium is read, and store this medium formation the present invention of this procedure code.The function of the foregoing description not only can realize by carried out the procedure code read by computing machine, and can operate and realize by carry out some or all actual treatment by an OS (operating system) who moves according to the indication of this procedure code on this computing machine.
In addition, the function of the foregoing description can be by being configured in an expansion board or a functional expansion unit by one, this expansion board or functional expansion unit insert or are connected to this computing machine, in CPU and so on, be written at this procedure code of reading from this medium after the storer of this expansion board or expanding element, carry out some or all actual treatment and operate and realize.
When the present invention applies to medium, the process flow diagram corresponding programs sign indicating number shown in this medium storage and Fig. 3, Fig. 7, Figure 11, Figure 14 and so on.
In a word, according to the present invention, because reticulate pattern generates as the principle of error diffusion by because the code that embeds, so additional information can be by multipath conversion on image information, suppress deterioration of image simultaneously, and the additional information of multipath conversion can be easily decoded.
Therefore, can prevent to the forgery of bill with to the infringement of copyright.
Do not break away from its spirit and scope because making many embodiment that differ widely of the present invention,, the invention is not restricted to specific embodiment so be noted that except the person of defining in appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. one kind is used for the image processing equipment of additional information multipath conversion on the image information, and this image processing equipment comprises:
The quantification mechanism that quantizes by the pixels of interest of handling based on the accurate site contrast of error diffusion image information; And
Form the control gear of the quantized value of control pixels of interest under the situation of the concrete pattern that indicates this additional information at the quantized value of the one group of pixel that comprises pixels of interest.
2. according to the equipment of claim 1, wherein this concrete pattern is a pattern that is not easy to generate by described quantification mechanism.
3. according to the equipment of claim 1, wherein said control gear comprises:
The additional information of the quantized value of setting pixels of interest according to the surrounding pixel that has been quantized by described quantification mechanism and additional information quantizes mechanism; And
Determine definite mechanism of this quantized value of pixels of interest according to the quantized result of described quantification mechanism and described additional information quantification mechanism.
4. according to the equipment of claim 3, wherein said quantification mechanism and described additional information quantize mechanism and carry out binary quantization, and
This quantized value that ' or ' determines pixels of interest is got by the quantized result that described quantification mechanism and described additional information is quantized mechanism by described definite mechanism.
5. according to the equipment of claim 3, wherein said additional information quantizes mechanism and quantizes pixels of interest by additional information being carried out when the predetermined pattern of one of surrounding pixel formation multipath conversion on to it.
6. according to the equipment of claim 3, wherein said additional information quantizes mechanism also set pixels of interest with reference to the pixel value around the pixels of interest before being quantized by described quantification mechanism quantized value.
7. according to the equipment of claim 1, wherein said control gear forms concrete pattern by the quantum condition according to the described quantification of this additional information control mechanism.
8. according to the equipment of claim 7, wherein said control gear is by also being formed concrete pattern according to having by the described quantum condition that quantizes the described quantification of the surrounding pixel control mechanism of mechanism's quantification.
9. according to the equipment of claim 7, wherein said control gear is quantization threshold of control in being handled by the described accurate site contrast that quantizes mechanism's execution.
10. according to the equipment of claim 7, wherein said control gear was controlled the quantum condition of described quantification mechanism with reference to the pixel value around the pixels of interest before being quantized by described quantification mechanism.
11. according to the equipment of claim 1, wherein said control gear forms concrete pattern by the layout of the surrounding pixel that quantizes according to this additional information control pixels of interest with by described quantification mechanism.
12. according to the equipment of claim 11, wherein said control gear is controlled pixel layout after quantizing with reference to the pixel value around the pixels of interest before being quantized by described quantification mechanism.
13. according to the equipment of claim 1, wherein said control gear forms the type of one group of concrete pattern.
14. according to the equipment of claim 1, wherein said control gear is controlled the formation position of concrete pattern according to a random number.
15. according to the equipment of claim 1, wherein said control gear forms along at least one regular concrete pattern of row and line direction.
16. according to the equipment of claim 1, also comprise the noise remove mechanism of the noise contribution of removing this image information, and
Wherein said quantification mechanism is to being quantized from this image information of wherein having removed noise by described noise remove mechanism.
17. one kind is used for the image processing method of additional information multipath conversion on the image information, this method comprises:
The quantization step that quantizes by the pixels of interest of handling based on the accurate site contrast of error diffusion this image information; And
Form the controlled step of the quantized value of control pixels of interest under the situation of the concrete pattern that indicates this additional information at the quantized value of the one group of pixel that comprises pixels of interest.
18. a medium, this medium store one and be used for the procedure code of the Flame Image Process of additional information multipath conversion on the image information, described procedure code has at least:
A code of the quantization step that quantizes by the pixels of interest of handling based on the accurate site contrast of error diffusion this image information; And
Form a code of the controlled step of the quantized value of control pixels of interest under the situation of the concrete pattern that indicates this additional information at the quantized value of the one group of pixel that comprises pixels of interest.
19. one kind is used for the image processing equipment of additional information multipath conversion on the image information, this image processing equipment comprises:
Handle the quantification mechanism that the pixels of interest to this image information quantizes by accurate site contrast; And
Form the control gear of the quantized value of control pixels of interest under the situation of the concrete pattern that indicates this additional information at the quantized value of the one group of pixel that comprises pixels of interest.
20. one kind is used for the image processing method of additional information multipath conversion on the image information, this method comprises:
Handle the quantization step that the pixels of interest to this image information quantizes by accurate site contrast; And
Form the controlled step of the quantized value of control pixels of interest under the situation of the concrete pattern that indicates this additional information at the quantized value of the one group of pixel that comprises pixels of interest.
21. a medium, this medium store one and be used for the procedure code of the Flame Image Process of additional information multipath conversion on the image information, described procedure code has at least:
Handle a code of the quantization step that the pixels of interest to this image information quantizes by accurate site contrast; And
Form a code of the controlled step of the quantized value of control pixels of interest under the situation of the concrete pattern that indicates this additional information at the quantized value of the one group of pixel that comprises pixels of interest.
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| US7372594B1 (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2008-05-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus and method, and storage medium |
| JP4310031B2 (en) * | 2000-07-11 | 2009-08-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing apparatus, image processing method, and storage medium |
| JP3587168B2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2004-11-10 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Digital watermark information embedding device, embedding method, digital watermark information reproducing device and reproducing method |
| US7187806B2 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2007-03-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and method for embedding information within a printed image using block error diffusion halftoning |
| JP3647405B2 (en) | 2001-09-26 | 2005-05-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing apparatus and image processing method |
| US7564588B2 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2009-07-21 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image forming device, image forming method, and recording medium that provide multi-level error diffusion |
| JP2004120122A (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-04-15 | Sharp Corp | Image processing apparatus |
| JP4192900B2 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2008-12-10 | ソニー株式会社 | Quantization accuracy reproduction method, quantization accuracy reproduction device, imaging device, information processing device, and program |
| KR100814029B1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2008-03-14 | 순천향대학교 산학협력단 | Method for digital watermarking |
| JP2008097537A (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-24 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | Image forming device, image processing method and image processing program |
| JP4922205B2 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2012-04-25 | 株式会社東芝 | Image processing method and image processing apparatus |
| JP5219591B2 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2013-06-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing apparatus and method |
| JP2009253472A (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-29 | Canon Inc | Image processing apparatus, and method thereof |
| JP5825856B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2015-12-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image forming apparatus, image forming method, and program |
| JP5825857B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2015-12-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image forming apparatus, image forming method, and program |
| US9210292B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2015-12-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus and method using different dither patterns for different inks and selecting a quantization process for each ink |
| US9087291B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2015-07-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus and method setting thresholds of dither patterns based on density range and generating binary data depending on thresholds of target pixels |
| JP6312397B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2018-04-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | How to create a dither pattern |
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| JP2810395B2 (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1998-10-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing device |
| US5305116A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1994-04-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image transmission device |
| US5499111A (en) | 1991-08-06 | 1996-03-12 | Matsushita Graphic Communication Systems, Inc. | Image signal processing apparatus |
| US5822462A (en) | 1991-09-11 | 1998-10-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus |
| JPH05103309A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-04-23 | Canon Inc | Method and device for transmitting information |
| US5457540A (en) * | 1992-01-06 | 1995-10-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing method and apparatus in which identification information is added based on image density |
| US5331429A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1994-07-19 | Levien Raphael L | Digital generation of halftone images with error diffusion and frequency matched periodic screen rulings |
| JP3274227B2 (en) | 1993-05-24 | 2002-04-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing method and apparatus |
| DE69636084T2 (en) * | 1995-09-28 | 2006-09-14 | Nec Corp. | Method and apparatus for inserting a spread spectrum watermark into multimedia data |
| EP0707419A2 (en) | 1995-11-10 | 1996-04-17 | Sinar AG Schaffhausen | Method for the generation of a view finder image and still picture camera |
| US6185312B1 (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 2001-02-06 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Method for embedding and reading watermark-information in digital form, and apparatus thereof |
| US5875248A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1999-02-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method of counterfeit detection of electronic data stored on a device |
| US6192138B1 (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 2001-02-20 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Apparatus and method for embedding/unembedding supplemental information |
| JP3642158B2 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2005-04-27 | ソニー株式会社 | Image encoding device, image encoding method, image decoding device, image decoding method, and transmission method |
| JP3132456B2 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2001-02-05 | 日本電気株式会社 | Hierarchical image coding method and hierarchical image decoding method |
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| US6750983B1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
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