CN1265761C - Visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia - Google Patents
Visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia Download PDFInfo
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- CN1265761C CN1265761C CN 00111459 CN00111459A CN1265761C CN 1265761 C CN1265761 C CN 1265761C CN 00111459 CN00111459 CN 00111459 CN 00111459 A CN00111459 A CN 00111459A CN 1265761 C CN1265761 C CN 1265761C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a universal chart for distant vision and near vision. The present invention can be accompanied to be used as various distant vision charts for recording various distant vision records, and can test the maximum vision of which the visual angle is 0.1' within the specified distant vision distance; the present invention can be accompanied to be used as various near vision charts simultaneously for recording various near vision records, and can test fourth-level blind vision of which the visual angle is larger than 100' within the near vision distance corresponding to the specified distant vision distance; the present invention can be used as a comparison charts among various recorded numerical values of the distant vision and a comparison charts among various recorded numerical values of the near vision, and the examination for the distant vision and the examination for the near vision share the same vision record which is the most reasonable and optimum according to the requirements for vision examination.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ophthalmology examination of visual acuity instrument, especially by each row sighting target and vision thereof record on sighting target hurdle and examination of visual acuity apart from the visual acuity chart of forming.
Background technology
Visual acuity chart is basic, the most the most frequently used ophthalmology examination of visual acuity instrument.The widely used international standard visual acuity chart of China, the external c chart that uses all adopt single decimal distant vision record 1/a
Far, a
FarThe ring width of, C ring wide and the long sight distance of breach for drawing of sighting target E from the visual angle, be called for short the hypermetropia angle, because of the sighting target hurdle each the row sighting target the visual angle ratio differ too big, the sighting target line number that not only causes decimal distant vision record 0.1 to 0.3 very little, use inadequately during examination of distant vision, need to increase the sighting target line number, and the curative effect that causes decimal distant vision record number can not directly make vision compares and statistics, above-mentioned distant vision test chart can not check that 5 meters of distances (abbreviation long sight distance) survey the visual angle less than 0.5 ' distant vision in hypermetropia, more can not make common near vision and measure.The external Snellen distant vision test chart that is extensive use of adopts single mark distant vision record d
Far/ D
Far, examination of distant vision is apart from d
Far20 feet of the most employings of the U.S., 6 meters of the most employings of Britain, 5 meters of the most employings of some country, vision committee of American Academy of Sciences-NAS-NRC of the National Research Council recommend 4 meters (ophthalmology pandects/Li Fengming chief editor-Beijing: People's Health Publisher, 1996.6, on roll up 759 pages, 386 pages); Mark distant vision record is than decimal distant vision record trouble, the visual angle ratio of each row sighting target is also inequality, can not make accurately the vision curative effect relatively and statistics, can not survey the visual angle less than 0.5 ' distant vision, more can not make common near vision and measure at the long sight distance of regulation.For this reason, the visual acuity chart of ISO8596-94 and CNS adopts the visual angle ratio of each row sighting target to be
Visual angle logarithm record and five member records, the curative effect that has solved vision preferably is relatively and add up.CNS GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart adopts five decilog distant vision record (being called for short five fens distant vision records) 5-loga
Far, because of with light sensation, manually include shape in and feel that the visual angle calculates, cause shape to feel the unreasonable of the error of computing formula and five fens distant vision records; And five fens distant vision of minority record number is overlapping with decimal distant vision record number as 1,2,2.5,3.0,4.0,5.0 etc., causes easily and obscures; The distant vision record converted than trouble with decimal distant vision record in five minutes, distant vision record number was difficult for understanding in five minutes, than the difficult memory of decimal distant vision record number, use also inconvenience, cause widely used decimal distant vision record to five fens distant vision records transition of national standard, the difficulty that integrates with; Standard logarithmic visual acuity chart can not be surveyed visual angles less than 0.5 ' distant vision at 5 meters long sight distances of regulation, more can not make common near vision and measure.International standard ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart adopts visual angle logarithm distant vision record (being called for short logarithm distant vision record) loga
Far, visual angle logarithm distant vision record number becomes positive correlation with hypermetropia angle number, and existing most distant vision record numbers become negative correlation with hypermetropia angle number, and both are on the contrary; Visual angle logarithm distant vision record+1.0 ,+0.9 ... + 0.1 1.0 to 0.1 overlapping with decimal distant vision record very easily obscured; The visual angle of normal distant vision is 1 ', and its visual angle logarithm distant vision is recorded as 0, not only easily do not obscure with there being shape feel vision, and also not easily accepted by people; Visual angle logarithm distant vision record number is difficult for understanding, writes down the difficult memory of number than decimal distant vision, use also inconvenient, the standard that causes part country is to the transition of ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, the difficulty that integrates with, and the visual acuity chart that causes various distant vision records is to visual angle logarithmic ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart transition, the difficulty that integrates with; The ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart can not be surveyed the visual angle less than 0.5 ' distant vision at the long sight distance of regulation, more can not make common near vision and measure.Snellen proposed mark distant vision record visual acuity chart first in 1862, with the advantage that its cheer and bright and long-term custom is used, though exist aforesaid shortcoming, was still abroad used more widely so far; The decimal distant vision record of the c chart that the 11st international ophthalmology conference in 1909 passed through, with advantages such as its easy, neat, easy memory, the uses of long-term custom, though exist aforesaid shortcoming, and when health ministry is expressly provided the implementation criteria logarithmic visual acuity chart, abolish the international standard visual acuity chart, but so far still by China and external being extensive use of.And the ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart of the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart of the Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS) GB11533-89 that nineteen ninety implements, the ISO/DIS approval in 8596 to 94 that comes into effect the eighties, the five fens distant vision records, the visual angle logarithm distant vision record that adopt, though the advantage of effective in cure comparison and statistics, and the advantage of national standard, international standard arranged, because of existing aforesaid multiple weak point, its decimal distant vision of having record is as corresponding approximation, so the less use of its visual acuity chart so far is difficult to promote.
The standard near vision chart of the widely-used decimal near vision record of China, standard logarithmic near vision test type, the external widely used Jaeger near vision test type that five fens near visions of national standard write down, the near vision test type that also has the Snellen formula of mark near vision record all can not be made common distant vision mensuration.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of visual acuity chart, can not only use by the multiple visual acuity chart of double as, put down in writing multiple vision record, apart from the examination scope that enlarges vision, accomplish a-table-multi-purpose at the examination of distant vision of stipulating; And can choose the most reasonable, only vision record according to the purposes and the needs of examination of visual acuity; Can also make the respective value synopsis of multiple vision record to the logarithm record transition of the visual angle of the visual acuity chart of ISO8596-94, the multiple vision record of the harmony in the exterior that integrates with.
For achieving the above object, solution of the present invention is: the visual angle is in equal proportions, has now the multiple independently innovation of distant vision test chart do and organically fusion separately, the visual angle of examination of distant vision distance, each row of sighting target or the main row of regulation be in equal proportions and mark the sighting target of distant vision test chart minimum visual angle of vision record capable under, in former visual angle ratio increase multirow sighting target, make the myopia of last capable sighting target check that the visual angle (being called for short near-sighted angle) of distance (being called for short the myopia distance) is about 1 ' to 0.5 '; One side of each row sighting target on the sighting target hurdle, adopt identical font, regular mark arranged side by side, be used for examination of visual acuity and the record examination of visual acuity multiple distant vision record result, general, described multiple distant vision record is selected from the logarithm distant vision record of ISO8596-94, the distant vision record of this country's standard, decimal distant vision record, mark distant vision record, the corresponding examination of distant vision distance of corresponding examination of near vision distance is 5 meters, 6 meters, 20 feet, 4 meters a mark distant vision record, the multiple distant vision record of the distant vision record of other country's standard; The opposite side of each row sighting target on the sighting target hurdle, adopt identical font, regular mark arranged side by side, be used for examination of visual acuity and the record examination of visual acuity multiple near vision record corresponding examination of near vision distance result, regulation examination of distant vision distance, general, described multiple near vision record is selected from logarithm near vision record, the near vision record of this country's standard, decimal near vision record, mark near vision record, the multiple near vision record of the near vision record of other country's standard; Described vision record is used for the result of examination of visual acuity and record examination of visual acuity; Both sides mark described distant vision and near vision two classes multiple vision record record, general simultaneously.
The inspection distance of distant vision test chart regulation is 5 meters, 6 meters, in 20 feet, 4 meters wantonly a kind, and the descending and up visual angle ratio q of each capable sighting target of sighting target hurdle is defined as
In wantonly a kind.
The visual angle a of any 1 row sighting target of visual acuity chart regulation long sight distance
0 is far awayThe visual angle a of the myopia distance corresponding with the long sight distance of the capable sighting target of n thereafter
0 is far awayEquate.Regulation long sight distance d
FarCorresponding myopia is apart from d
CloselyIt is as follows to derive: in Fig. 1, H represents the wide or ring width of drawing of the capable sighting target of n behind any 1 row sighting target, and its hypermetropia angle is a
N is far away, its near-sighted angle a
nIt is far away closely to equal a0;
H=d
Far* tga
N is far away=d
Closely* tga
N is near
tga＝a×π/180°+inva
As a=6 ° of inva=0.00038, can ignore.Then
d
Far* a
N is far away=d
Closely* a
N is near
d
Far* (a
N is far away* π)/180 °=d
Closely* (a
N is near* π)/180 °
d
Far* a
N is far away=d
Closely* a
N is near
d
Closely=d
Far* a
N is far away/ a
N is near=d
Far* a
0 is far away* q
n/ a
0 is far away
∴ d
Closely=d
Far* q
n
This formula shows: the hypermetropia angle of any 1 row sighting target should equate with the near-sighted angle of the capable sighting target of n thereafter in the visual acuity chart that the visual angle is in equal proportions, and the corresponding myopia distance of the long sight distance of regulation equals long sight distance d
FarProduct with the n power of visual angle ratio q.According to the inspection distance of existing near vision test type, myopia is apart from d
CloselyIt is relatively more reasonable to get about 30 centimetres.
When the visual angle ratio is
The time:
1.d
Far=500 centimetres, during n=12,
2.d
Far=500 centimetres, during n=13,
Calculate above and show that the visual angle ratio is
Long sight distance is 5 meters, and myopia is apart from being 31.5 centimetres (or 25.1 centimetres), and the near-sighted angle of the sighting target hypermetropia angle of any 1 row and the 12nd row thereafter (or the 13rd go) sighting target equates.Be that the visual angle logarithm distant vision record of any 1 row sighting target, five minutes distant vision records, decimal distant vision records write down identical with visual angle logarithm near vision record, five minutes near vision records, decimal near visions that the 12nd row (or the 13rd row) sighting target is corresponding thereafter.
3.d
Far=600 centimetres, during n=13,
4.d
Far=20 feet, during n=13,
5.d
Far=400 centimetres, during n=11,
When the visual angle ratio is
The time:
1.d
Far=500 centimetres, during n=12,
2.d
Far=600 centimetres, during n=13,
3.d
Far=20 feet, during n=13,
4.d
Far=400 centimetres, during n=11,
When the visual angle ratio is
The time:
1.d
Far=500 centimetres, during n=11,
2.d
Far=600 centimetres, during n=12,
3.d
Far=20 feet, during n=12,
4.d
Far=400 centimetres, during n=10,
When the visual angle ratio is
The time:
1.d
Far=500 centimetres, during n=7,
2.d
Far=600 centimetres, during n=8,
3.d
Far=20 feet, during n=8,
4.d
Far=400 centimetres, during n=7,
Calculate above and show that the long sight distance of visual angle ratio and regulation and corresponding myopia thereof are apart from being:
When the visual angle ratio is
Or
The time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 31 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 30 centimetres; That stipulates is far away.Sighting distance is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 1 foot; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 32 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.
When the visual angle ratio is
The time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 30 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 31 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind.
When the visual angle ratio is
The time: the long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 34 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding myopia distance is 28 centimetres; The long sight distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding myopia distance is 27 centimetres; The long sight distance of 4 kinds of regulations and corresponding myopia thereof apart from wantonly a kind,
The sighting target hurdle sighting target font of regulation be LandoltC ring, three strokes of isometric E capable, in draw in capable and satisfactory substantially other letters in visual angle of short 1/5 E, numeral, the figure wantonly a kind, the visual angle ratio is
Or
The time, the hypermetropia angle of visual acuity chart first trip sighting target is 10 ' or 20 ', and the near-sighted angle of footline sighting target is in 1 ', 0.794 ', 0.63 ', 0.5 ' wantonly a kind, and the visual angle ratio is
The time, visual acuity chart first trip sighting target hypermetropia angle is 10 ' or 21.54 ', the near-sighted angle of footline sighting target is in 1 ', 0.774 ', 0.6 ', 0.464 ' wantonly a kind.The visual angle ratio is
The time, visual acuity chart first trip sighting target hypermetropia angle is 10 ' or 21.54 ', footline sighting target myopia angle is in 1 ', 0.681 ', 0.464 ' wantonly a kind.
The long sight distance of shortening regulation is to enlarge the examination of visual acuity scope: when adopting decimal distant vision record, the inspection distance is whenever dwindled 0.1 ratio, and former decimal distant vision record number also dwindles 0.1 ratio; When adopting mark distant vision record, molecule, former denominator that the inspection distance of shortening is made the raw score record remain unchanged; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be
Or
The time, long sight distance whenever dwindles 0.794 times, and visual angle logarithm distant vision record number increases by 0.1, five fen distant vision record and reduces 0.1; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be
The time, long sight distance whenever dwindles 0.774 times, and visual angle logarithm distant vision record number increases by 1/9 or five fen distant vision record number and reduces 1/9; Adopt the visual angle ratio to be
The time, long sight distance whenever dwindles 0.681 times, and visual angle logarithm distant vision record number increases by 1/6 or five fen distant vision record number and reduces 1/6; Wantonly a kind, times among above-mentioned five kinds of shortening long sight distances is multiple.
For enlarging the scope of application of the visual acuity chart that the visual angle is in equal proportions, be with each row visual angle ratio of sighting target
In each row of wantonly a kind sighting target as main row sighting target, in part adjacent two main row sighting targets, insert the pair row sighting target of proportional mean, the pair row of its proportional mean is corresponding with last 1 main visual angle ratio of going
In wantonly a kind.
Since solution of the present invention to existing separately independently the visual angle visual acuity chart that is in equal proportions done innovation and organically merged, under the sighting target of minimum visual angle is capable, add the multirow sighting target, the multiple vision record of wantonly 1 class or 2 classes among both sides, sighting target hurdle mark the multiple distant vision record of a class, another kind of multiple near vision record, the distant vision test chart of innovation can not only be used by the multiple distant vision test chart of double as, put down in writing multiple distant vision record, and can to record the visual angle at the long sight distance of regulation be 0.1 ' the highest vision; Can also make the synopsis of multiple distant vision record numerical value; Can not only the double as multiple near vision test type of the near vision test type of innovation uses, the multiple near vision record of record, and the dawn in the myopia of regulation apart from can recording the blind vision IV level of visual angle greater than 100 ', and can make the synopsis of multiple near vision record numerical value; The distant vision of innovation, the near vision general purpose table, can not only the multiple distant vision test chart of double as, put down in writing multiple distant vision record, can record the visual angle at the long sight distance of regulation is 0.1 ' the highest vision, and the multiple near vision test type of double as uses simultaneously, put down in writing multiple near vision record, in the myopia of regulation apart from recording the visual angle greater than 100 ' blind vision IV level, can also make the synopsis of multiple distant vision record numerical value and the synopsis of multiple near vision record numerical value simultaneously, demand according to examination of visual acuity, maximize favourable factors and minimize unfavourable ones, learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, the inspection of distant vision and near vision, it is a kind of the most reasonable to choose jointly, only vision record.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that drawing of sighting target is wide, sighting distance, the three kinds of parameter associated diagrams in visual angle; Fig. 2 be the 1st embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 5 meters, examination of near vision distance be 31 centimetres, the sighting target visual angle on sighting target hurdle be in equal proportions into
Or
A kind of distant vision, the schematic diagram of near vision test type; Fig. 3 be the 2nd embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 5 meters, examination of near vision distance be 31 centimetres, sighting target hurdle part adjacent two main row sighting target visual angles be in equal proportions into
Or
Secondary row sighting target is a kind of distant vision of the partly proportional mean of main row, the schematic diagram of near vision test type; Fig. 4 be the 3rd embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 6 meters, examination of near vision distance be 30 centimetres, the visual angle on sighting target hurdle be in equal proportions into
Or
A kind of distant vision, the schematic diagram of near vision test type; Fig. 5 be the 4th embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 20 feet, examination of near vision distance be 1 foot, the visual angle on sighting target hurdle be in equal proportions into
Or
A kind of distant vision, the schematic diagram of near vision test type; Fig. 6 be the 5th embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 5 meters, examination of near vision distance be 30 centimetres, the sighting target visual angle on sighting target hurdle be in equal proportions into
A kind of distant vision, the schematic diagram of near vision test type; Fig. 7 be the 6th embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 5 meters, examination of near vision distance be 30 centimetres, the main row sighting target visual angle on sighting target hurdle be in equal proportions into
Secondary row sighting target is a kind of distant vision of the partly proportional mean of adjacent main row, the schematic diagram of near vision test type; Fig. 8 be the 7th embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 20 feet, examination of near vision distance be 28 centimetres, the sighting target visual angle on sighting target hurdle be in equal proportions into
A kind of distant vision, the schematic diagram of near vision test type; Fig. 9 be the 8th embodiment of the present invention-examination of distant vision distance be 6 meters, examination of near vision distance be 28 centimetres, the sighting target visual angle on sighting target hurdle be in equal proportions into
A kind of distant vision, the schematic diagram of near vision test type.
The specific embodiment
In schematic diagram shown in Figure 2, the 8th straight hurdle is sighting target hurdle [8], and sighting target adopts the C ring of ISO8596-94 regulation better, adopts E shape for drawing makes things convenient for Fig. 2 to Fig. 9, and first trip sighting target hypermetropia angle is 10 ', and the visual angle ratio is
Or
Footline sighting target myopia angle is 0.63 ', totally 25 row sighting targets; The long sight distance of regulation is 5 meters; The visual angle logarithm distant vision record [1] that the 1st straight hurdle is the ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart is loga
FarThe 2nd straight hurdle is five fens distant vision records [2] of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, is 5-loga
FarThe mark distant vision record [3] of 4 meters inspection distances that the vision committee of American Academy of Sciences that the 3rd straight hurdle is 5 meters correspondences of long sight distance-NAS-NRC of the National Research Council recommends is 4/D
FarThe 4th straight hurdle is 5/D for checking the mark distant vision record [4] of 5 meters inspection distances 5 meters correspondences of distance, that some country is general
FarThe 5th straight hurdle is 6/D for checking apart from the mark distant vision record [5] of 6 meters external more general inspection distances of 5 meters correspondences
FarThe 6th straight hurdle is 20/D for the mark distant vision record [6] of 20 feet more general inspection distances of the U.S. that checks 5 meters correspondences of distance
FarThe 7th straight hurdle is the domestic and international general decimal distant vision record [7] that the 11st world's ophthalmology conference passed through, and is 1/a
FarThe 9th straight hurdle is 1/a for decimal near vision record [9]
CloselyThe 10th straight hurdle is a visual angle logarithm near vision record [10], is loga
CloselyThe 11st straight hurdle is five fens near vision records [11], is 5-loga
CloselyThe 12nd straight hurdle checks that for the myopia of 5 meters long sight distance correspondences of regulation the mark near vision record [12] of 31 centimetres of distances is 31/D
CloselyEmbodiment 1 to embodiment 8 adopts the long sight distance of the shortening regulation in the solution to enlarge examination scope.
The maximum error of the sighting target of 31 centimetres of near-sighted distances of sighting target work of 5 meters long sight distances is at stroke wide hypermetropia angle a of first trip sighting target, first trip sighting target
1 is far awayBe 10 '.The total hypermetropia angle of sighting target is 5a
1 is far away, be 50 '.Stroke wide near-sighted angle of sighting target first trip sighting target:
The total near-sighted angle of sighting target is 5a
1 is near=792.447 ', 5 meters long sight distance first trip sighting target height overalls are:
H
Far=5000 * tg50 '=72.727 (mm),
31 centimetres of myopia apart from the total height of first trip sighting target is:
H
Closely=310 * tg792.447 '=72.752 (mm),
Myopia apart from the relative error of sighting target is:
(H
Far-H
Closely)/H
Far=-0.000346
Can ignore.
The useful achievement of the distant vision of embodiment 1, near vision test type: not only check that with 5 meters hypermetropias ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, the visual angle ratio of distance are
Or
The visual acuity chart of decimal distant vision record, 5 meters mark distant vision records general, put down in writing the visual angle logarithm distant vision record of its visual acuity chart, five fens distant vision records, decimal distant vision record, 5 meters mark distant vision records; And put down in writing above-mentioned distant vision and write down 4 meters, 6 meters, 20 feet corresponding mark distant vision record; Also can enlarge the examination scope of distant vision at 5 meters long sight distances of regulation.Can make simultaneously myopia and check that the near vision test type of 31 centimetres of distances uses, put down in writing its decimal near vision record, visual angle logarithm near vision record, five fens near vision records, mark near vision record.Measure distant vision or near vision record decimally, when doing the comparison of vision curative effect, the logarithm distant vision of distant vision or near vision record number correspondence or near vision record, five fens distant vision or near vision record calculate decimally, and the difference that the sighting target of also available distant vision or near vision is capable calculates.Continuous use, contrast along with multiple distant vision and near vision record, visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision record also are familiar with gradually, for multiple distant vision, near vision record write down transition, integrate with and created good condition to ISO8596-94 visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision, can also make the corresponding numerical value synopsis between the multiple distant vision record number, between the near vision record number.Embodiment 1 special as the transition of carrying out other distant vision records in ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, the GB11533-89 visual acuity chart process, near vision record, special-purpose visual acuity chart integrates with.
Among Fig. 3 the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 12nd straight hurdle [12] respectively with the title and the same meaning thereof on Fig. 2 the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 12nd straight hurdle [12].Fig. 3 goes sighting targets as main row sighting target with 25 of Fig. 2,9,10 interlines, 10,11 interlines, 21,22 interlines, 22,23 interlines insert proportional mean as the pair row, are the 10th row of Fig. 3,, the 12nd row, the 24th row, the 26th row, main row and the secondary totally 29 row sighting targets of going, secondary row is corresponding with the visual angle ratio of last 1 master's row
Or
The useful achievement of the distant vision of embodiment 2, near vision test type: not only comprised embodiment 1 useful achievement, and this visual acuity chart is also general with international standard visual acuity chart, c chart, standard near vision chart etc.
The hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' among Fig. 4, and the visual angle ratio is
The near-sighted angle of footline sighting target is 0.63 ', totally 26 row sighting targets, the title and the same meaning thereof on the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 4th straight hurdle [4], the 7th straight hurdle [7] to the 9th straight hurdle [9], the 10th straight hurdle [10], the 11st straight hurdle [11] among the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 4th straight hurdle [4], the 7th straight hurdle [7] to the 9th straight hurdle [9], the 11st straight hurdle [11], the 12nd straight hurdle [12] and Fig. 2.The 10th straight hurdle of Fig. 4 is that the myopia of 6 meters long sight distance correspondences of regulation is apart from 30 centimetres mark near vision record.
The useful achievement of the distant vision of embodiment 3, near vision test type: not only check that with 6 meters hypermetropias decimal distant vision test chart, the mark distant vision test chart of distance are general, and with the visual angle logarithm distant vision record of ISO8596-94 distant vision test chart, five fens distant vision record dual-purposes of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic distant vision test chart, put down in writing its decimal distant vision record, 6 meters mark distant vision records, visual angle logarithm distant vision record, five fens distant vision records and put down in writing 4 meters, 5 meters, 20 feet corresponding mark distant vision record of above-mentioned distant vision record; Also can enlarge distant vision thorough examination scopes, can make myopia simultaneously and use, put down in writing its decimal near vision record, visual angle logarithm near vision record, five fens near vision records, mark near vision record apart from 30 centimetres near vision test type at 6 meters long sight distances of regulation.Measure distant vision or near vision record decimally, when doing the comparison of vision curative effect, the logarithm distant vision of distant vision or near vision record number correspondence or near vision record, five fens distant vision or near vision record calculate decimally, and the difference that the sighting target of also available distant vision or near vision is capable calculates.Continuous use, contrast along with multiple distant vision and near vision record, visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision record also are familiar with gradually, for multiple distant vision, near vision record write down transition, integrate with and created good condition to ISO8596-94 visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision, can also make the corresponding numerical value synopsis between the multiple distant vision record number, between the near vision record number.Embodiment 3 special as the transition of carrying out 6 meters distant vision records in ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, the GB11533-89 visual acuity chart process, 30 centimetres of near vision records, special-purpose visual acuity chart integrates with.The myopia distance of embodiment 3 is identical with 30 centimetres of the myopia distances of existing most of near vision test types, can not get wrong.
The hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' among Fig. 5, and the visual angle ratio is
The near-sighted angle of footline sighting target is 0.63 ', totally 26 row sighting targets, the title and the same meaning thereof on the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 11st straight hurdle [11] among the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 9th straight hurdle [9], the 11st straight hurdle [11], the 12nd straight hurdle [12] and Fig. 2.The 6th straight hurdle of Fig. 5 is 20 feet long sight distance mark distant vision records, and the 10th straight hurdle [10] is that the myopia of 20 feet long sight distance correspondences of regulation is apart from 1 foot mark near vision record.
The useful achievement and the embodiment 3 of the distant vision of embodiment 4, near vision test type are similar.Its myopia is apart from being 1 foot of integer, and both memory did not easily have error again.
The hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' among Fig. 6, and the visual angle ratio is
The near-sighted angle of footline sighting target is 0.6 ', and the 1st straight hurdle [1] is identical to the title on the 11st straight hurdle [11] in the totally 23 row sighting targets, the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 7th straight hurdle [7], the 9th straight hurdle [9], the 11st straight hurdle [11] to the 13rd straight hurdle [13] and Fig. 2.The 8th straight hurdle [8] is among Fig. 6
The special-purpose distant vision record of geometric ratio visual acuity chart, the 10th straight hurdle [10] be special-purpose near vision record, and the 14th straight hurdle [14] writes down [14] for the mark near vision of 30 centimetres of the myopia distances of stipulating 5 meters long sight distance correspondences.
The useful achievement of the distant vision of embodiment 5, near vision test type: not only with distant vision test chart in the visual angle ratio
The general (chief editor-Zhengzhou such as ophthalmology dictionary/Wang Chaoting: Henan science tech publishing house of geometric ratio visual acuity chart; 1991.12. the 31st page), with international standard visual acuity chart, c chart, standard near vision chart dual-purpose; Visual angle logarithm distant vision record with the ISO8596-94 visual acuity chart, five fens distant vision records of GB11533-89 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, the mark distant vision record dual-purpose of 5 meters long sight distance visual acuity charts, put down in writing the decimal distant vision record of above-mentioned visual acuity chart, visual angle logarithm distant vision record, five fens distant vision records, 5 meters mark distant vision records and corresponding inspection distance thereof are 4 meters, 6 meters, the near vision record of myopia apart from 30 centimetres geometric ratio near vision test type special use can also be made in 20 feet mark distant vision record, decimal near vision record, visual angle logarithm near vision record, five fens near vision records, mark near vision record.The special use of mensuration vision usefulness geometric ratio visual acuity chart or decimal distant vision, near vision record; Make the vision curative effect relatively the time, write down and calculate with logarithm or five minutes distant vision, near visions of special use or decimal distant vision, near vision record number correspondence.Continuous use, contrast along with multiple distant vision and near vision record, visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision record also are familiar with gradually, for multiple distant vision, near vision record to the transition of ISO8596-94 visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision record, integrate with and created good condition, can also make the corresponding numerical value synopsis between the multiple distant vision record number, between the near vision record number.5 meters of the long sight distances of embodiment 5 and myopia are apart from 30 centimetres, and is identical with the inspection distance of present most of distant vision test charts, near vision test type.
The title and the same meaning thereof on the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 14th straight hurdle [14] among the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 14th straight hurdle [14] and Fig. 6 among Fig. 7.Fig. 7 goes sighting targets as main row sighting target with 23 of Fig. 6,8,9 interlines, 9,10 interlines, 19,20 interlines, 20,21 interlines insert proportional mean as the pair row, be the 9th row among Fig. 7, the 11st row, the 22nd row, the 24th row, main row and secondary row be totally 27 row sighting targets; Secondary row with the visual angle ratio of last 1 row is
The useful achievement of the distant vision of embodiment 6, near vision test type: not only comprise the useful achievement of embodiment 5, but also general with international standard visual acuity chart, c chart, standard near vision chart.
The hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' among Fig. 8, and the visual angle ratio is
The near-sighted angle of footline sighting target is 0.681 ', and the 1st straight hurdle [1] is identical to the title on the 11st straight hurdle [11] in the totally 15 row sighting targets, the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 9th straight hurdle [9], the 11st straight hurdle [11] to the 12nd straight hurdle [12] and Fig. 2.Among Fig. 8 the 10th straight hurdle [10] for the myopia of 20 feet long sight distance correspondences of regulation apart from 28 centimetres mark near vision record.
The useful achievement of the distant vision of embodiment 7, near vision test type: not only making 20 feet hypermetropia inspection distances, visual angle ratios is
20 feet of distant vision test chart, records mark distant vision record, put down in writing its to deserved decimal distant vision write down, visual angle logarithm distant vision record, five fens distant vision write down, 4 meters, 5 meters, 6 meters mark distant vision records, also can enlarge the examination of distant vision scope at 20 feet long sight distances of regulation, the myopia that can stipulate simultaneously 20 feet long sight distance correspondences is used apart from 28 centimetres near vision test type, puts down in writing its decimal near vision record, visual angle logarithm near vision record, five fens near vision records.Measure distant vision or near vision record decimally, when doing the comparison of vision curative effect, the logarithm distant vision of distant vision or near vision record number correspondence, near vision record or five fens distant vision near vision records calculate decimally, and the difference that the sighting target of also available distant vision or near vision is capable calculates.Continuous use, contrast along with multiple distant vision and near vision record, visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision record also are familiar with gradually, for multiple distant vision, near vision record to the transition of ISO8596-94 visual angle logarithm distant vision, near vision record, integrate with and created good condition, can also make the corresponding numerical value synopsis between the multiple distant vision record number, between the near vision record number.
The hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' among Fig. 9, and the visual angle ratio is
The near-sighted angle of footline sighting target is the title and the same meaning thereof on the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 4th straight hurdle [4], the 7th straight hurdle [7] to the 12nd straight hurdle [12] among the 0.681 ', the 1st straight hurdle [1] to the 4th straight hurdle [4], the 7th straight hurdle [7] to the 12nd straight hurdle [12] and Fig. 8.The 6th straight hurdle [6] is 6/D for the mark distant vision record of 6 meters of regulation long sight distances among Fig. 9
Far, the title and the same meaning thereof on the 5th straight hurdle [5], the 6th straight hurdle [6] among the 5th straight hurdle [5] and Fig. 8.The 10th straight hurdle [10] for the myopia of 6 meters long sight distance correspondences of regulation apart from 28 centimetres mark near vision record.
The useful achievement and the embodiment 7 of the distant vision of embodiment 8, near vision test type are roughly the same.
Claims (12)
1. one kind by the examination of visual acuity distance, the sighting target hurdle that the visual angle of each row sighting target is in equal proportions, the visual acuity chart that the vision record is formed, it is characterized in that: regulation examination of distant vision distance and corresponding examination of near vision distance thereof, one side of each row sighting target on the sighting target hurdle, adopt identical font, regular mark arranged side by side, be used for examination of visual acuity and put down in writing the examination of visual acuity result's, general multiple distant vision record, described multiple distant vision record is selected from the logarithm distant vision record of ISO 8596-94, the distant vision record of this country's standard, decimal distant vision record, mark distant vision record, the corresponding examination of distant vision distance of corresponding examination of near vision distance is 5 meters, 6 meters, 20 feet, 4 meters mark distant vision record, the multiple distant vision record of the distant vision record of other country's standard; The opposite side of each row sighting target on the sighting target hurdle, adopt identical font, regular mark arranged side by side, be used for examination of visual acuity and the record examination of visual acuity multiple near vision record corresponding examination of near vision distance result, regulation examination of distant vision distance, general, described multiple near vision record is selected from logarithm near vision record, the near vision record of this country's standard, decimal near vision record, mark near vision record, the multiple near vision record of the near vision record of other country's standard; Described vision record is used for the result of examination of visual acuity and record examination of visual acuity; Both sides mark described distant vision and near vision two classes multiple vision record record, general simultaneously.
2. visual acuity chart as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio of descending and last 1 row of each sighting target of sighting target hurdle is
Among any.
3. one kind by the examination of visual acuity distance, the sighting target hurdle, the visual acuity chart that the vision record is formed, the visual angle of each main row sighting target of described sighting target hurdle is in equal proportions, the pair row sighting target that inserts is the proportional mean of adjacent two main row of vision decimal record 0.6 and 0.8 and 0.8 and 1.0, each rower of sighting target hurdle is watched the power record attentively, it is characterized in that: regulation examination of distant vision distance and corresponding examination of near vision distance thereof, one side of each row sighting target on the sighting target hurdle, adopt identical font, regular mark arranged side by side, be used for examination of visual acuity and put down in writing the examination of visual acuity result's, general multiple distant vision record, described multiple distant vision record is selected from the logarithm distant vision record of ISO 8596-94, the distant vision record of this country's standard, decimal distant vision record, mark distant vision record, the corresponding examination of distant vision distance of corresponding examination of near vision distance is 5 meters, 6 meters, 20 feet, 4 meters mark distant vision record, the multiple distant vision record of the distant vision record of other country's standard; The opposite side of each row sighting target on the sighting target hurdle, adopt identical font, regular mark arranged side by side, be used for examination of visual acuity and the record examination of visual acuity multiple near vision record corresponding examination of near vision distance result, regulation examination of distant vision distance, general, described multiple near vision record is selected from logarithm near vision record, the near vision record of this country's standard, decimal near vision record, mark near vision record, the multiple near vision record of the near vision record of other country's standard; Described vision record is used for the result of examination of visual acuity and record examination of visual acuity; Both sides mark described distant vision and near vision two classes multiple vision record record, general simultaneously.
4. as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts, it is characterized in that: when the visual angle ratio of the main row of each row sighting target or each of sighting target hurdle sighting target is
Or
The time: the examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 31 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 30 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 1 foot; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 32 centimetres; Among the examination of distant vision of four kinds of regulations distance and the corresponding examination of near vision distance thereof any.
5. as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts, it is characterized in that: when the visual angle ratio of the main row of each row sighting target or each of sighting target hurdle sighting target is
The time: the examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 30 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 28 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 28 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 31 centimetres; Among the examination of distant vision of four kinds of regulations distance and the corresponding examination of near vision distance thereof any.
6. as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts, it is characterized in that: when the sighting target hurdle each the row sighting target the visual angle ratio be
The time: the examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 5 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 34 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 6 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 28 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 20 feet, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 28 centimetres; The examination of distant vision distance of regulation is 4 meters, and corresponding examination of near vision distance is 27 centimetres; Among the examination of distant vision of four kinds of regulations distance and the corresponding examination of near vision distance thereof any.
7. as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts, it is characterized in that: in the sighting target hurdle sighting target be LandoltC ring, three strokes of isometric E shapes, in draw the E shape of short l/5, meet in other letters that the visual angle requires, numeral, the figure any.
8. as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts, it is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio of each row sighting target of sighting target hurdle or each main row sighting target is
Or
The time, the hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' or 20 ', the near-sighted angle of footline sighting target be among 1 ', 0.794 ', 0.63 ', 0.5 ' any.
9. as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts, it is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio of each row sighting target of sighting target hurdle or each main row sighting target is
The time, the hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' or 21.54 ', the near-sighted angle of footline sighting target be among 1 ', 0.774 ', 0.6 ', 0.464 ' any.
10. as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts, it is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio of each row sighting target of sighting target hurdle is
The time, the hypermetropia angle of first trip sighting target is 10 ' or 21.54 ', the near-sighted angle of footline sighting target be among 1 ', 0.681 ', 0.464 ' any.
11., it is characterized in that: with shortening the examination scope that hypermetropia inspection distance enlarges distant vision as claim 1 or 3 described visual acuity charts; Adopt the examination of visual acuity distance of decimal distant vision record whenever to dwindle 0.1 ratio, former decimal distant vision record also dwindles 0.1 ratio; When adopting mark distant vision record, the examination of visual acuity distance of shortening is made the molecule of raw score distant vision record, and former denominator is constant; The visual angle ratio is
Or
The examination of visual acuity distance is whenever dwindled 0.794 times, and visual angle logarithm distant vision record number increases by 0.1 or five fen distant vision record number and reduces 0.1; The visual angle ratio is
The examination of visual acuity distance is whenever dwindled 0.774 times, and visual angle logarithm distant vision record number increases by 1/9 or five fen distant vision record number and reduces 1/9; The visual angle ratio is
The examination of visual acuity distance is whenever dwindled 0.681 times, and visual angle logarithm distant vision record number increases by 1/6 or five fen distant vision record number and reduces 1/6; Five kinds shorten among the examination of distant vision distance any or appoint multiple.
12. visual acuity chart as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the visual angle ratio of descending and last 1 main row of each main row sighting target of sighting target hurdle is
Among wantonly a kind, the pair row sighting target of insertion is the pair row sighting target of proportional means of adjacent two main row of vision decimal record 0.6 and 0.8 and 0.8 and 1.0, the visual angle ratio that the pair row of its proportional mean and last 1 master go is
Among any.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 00111459 CN1265761C (en) | 2000-01-20 | 2000-01-20 | Visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia |
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| CN 00111459 CN1265761C (en) | 2000-01-20 | 2000-01-20 | Visual chart for both hyperopia and myopia |
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| CN1265761C true CN1265761C (en) | 2006-07-26 |
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| CN100362962C (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2008-01-23 | 中国人民解放军海军总医院 | General type visual chart |
| CN105796050B (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2017-12-29 | 陈登民 | A kind of hundred-mark system visual chart |
| CN110652282A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-07 | 齐备 | Resolution grade visual chart |
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