CN1263345C - 地下声敏传感器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种地下声敏传感器,其由物理谐振腔、谐振片、顶针、压电陶瓷片、电信号放大器、导线、电路盒和音频信号输出端组成;在物理谐振腔的顶面设有谐振片,在谐振片的中央部位焊接一顶针,该顶针的尖部与压电陶瓷片相接触,该压电陶瓷片被钢丝从四个方向固定在物理谐振腔内,该压电陶瓷片的正、负极通过两根导线与电信号放大器的信号输入端和地端相接,该电信号放大器置于电路盒内,电路盒设置在该物理谐振腔底部,在电路盒上设有音频信号输出端。将其埋于地下20公分处,可拾取地表(半径20米),地下(30米),微弱的声音信号,并将其放大后以摸拟信号输出。该传感器灵敏度极高,防腐、防潮,在各种土壤及介质中能稳定可靠地工作。其隐蔽性和抗破坏性强,特别适用于野外和特殊环境的安全技术方范。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种安全防范技术设备,具体地说是一种地下声敏传感器。
背景技术
野外安全技术防范难度最大的是隐蔽性和抗破坏性,现有安防设备受上述因素的限制无法使用。常规的声音探测器依靠空气传播,众所周知,在空气中声音是一种纵波,这时媒介质质点的振动方向是与声波的传递方向相一致的。声音在传播中将产生反射、折射和衍射等现象,并在传播中引起衰减。这些衰减通常包括声能随距离的发散传播引起的衰减Ad和空气吸收引起的衰减Aa,地面吸收引起的衰减Ag,屏障引起的衰减Ab和气象条件引起的衰减Am等。总的衰减A则是各种衰减的总和:A=Ad+Aa+Ag+Ab+Am。如将其埋于地下,地层构成的声屏障衰减,加之地面吸收,已无法听到地表声音。我们可以这样分析,图1为常规空间拾音器埋于地下的示意图,声波到达地面穿过地层透射到拾音器。由于拾音器靠空气振动为媒介,所以只能接收到透射波,而透射波在地层与拾音器界面上的声压与入射波在地表界面上的声压比为:
根据传声损定义:
其中
通常地层的特征阻抗远大于空气的特征阻抗,又传声损失的质量定律:TL=20Lg(ωm/2ρ1c1) --------------- (4)
表明:传声损失量和单位面积的质量的常用对数成正比。地层的单位面积质量越大,传声损失量就越大,m增加一倍,传声损失量增加6dB,(4)式还表示:频率越高,传声损失量就越大,频率提高一倍,传声损失量也增加6dB。式中ω=2πf,ρc为空气中的特征阻抗≈400。公式(4)也可表示为:
TL=20Lgm+20Lgf-42.5-----------(5)
上式为声波垂直入射的理论计算结果。当声波无规律入射时,则应对所有入射角求平均,经验公式,传声衰减量为:
TL=18.5Lg(mf)-47.5-------------------------(6)
由此可见,空间拾音器埋于地下接收到的声强是很微弱的。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种地下声敏传感器,其采用物理谐振腔,将接收面与地面融为一体,视为同一界面,依靠固体振动传播能量,由于在固体传播中既存在声波的纵波,也存在横波,传播能量远大于空气,也就是常说的固体传声具有传播速度快、衰减少等特点。该地下声敏传感器在埋入地下20cm处能够探测到地表半径20cm内及地下30cm或更远的微弱声音信号。该传感器的研制成功,为野外安全防范领域提供了有效的技术手段。
发明内容
本发明的地下声敏传感器,由物理谐振腔11、谐振片12、顶针13、压电陶瓷片14、电信号放大器15、导线16、电路盒17和音频信号输出端18组成;物理谐振腔11为圆柱形不锈钢筒,在物理谐振腔11的顶面设有谐振片12,在谐振片12的中央部位焊接一顶针13,顶针13的尖部与压电陶瓷片14相接触,压电陶瓷片14被钢丝从四个方向固定在物理谐振腔11内,压电陶瓷片14的正、负极通过两根导线16与电信号放大器15的信号输入端和地端相接,电信号放大器15置于电路盒17内,电路盒17设置在物理谐振腔11的底部,在电路盒17上设有音频信号输出端18,其特征在于,所述的电信号放大器5的电路由场效应管2SK30A、三极管2SA733、放大器NE5532、电阻R1~R10、电容C1~C7组成;连接关系是:输入端IN连接电容C1的一端,电容C1的另一端连接电阻R1的一端和场效应管2SK30A的G端,场效应管2SK30A的D端连接三极管2SA733的基极b和电阻R2的一端,电阻R2的另一端连接电阻R5的一端和电容C2的正极,电容C2的负极接地,场效应管2SK30A的S端连接电阻R3的一端和电容C3的正极,电阻R3的另一端与电容C3的负极及电阻R6的一端和电阻R4的一端、电阻R1的另一端相连接,电阻R4的另一端接地,三极管2SA733的发射极e连接电阻R7的一端和电容C4的负极,电阻R7的另一端和电容C4的正极相连,同时也连接12V电源及放大器NE5532的电源端8,三极管2SA733的集电极c连接电容C5的正极、电阻R8的一端及放大器NE5532的同相输入端3,电容C5的负极连接电阻R6的另一端,电阻R8的另一端接地,放大器NE5532的反相输入端2与输出端1之间串接一电阻R9,放大器NE5532的4端接地,电阻R9的一端与电阻R10的一端连接,电阻R10的另一端与电容C6的正极相连,电容C6的负极接地,放大器NE5532的输出端1与其另一同相输入端5连接,其另一反相输入端6与输出端7连接,输出端7连接电容C7的正极,电容C7的负极为输出端OUT。
本发明的地下声敏传感器,其优点是:传播声音速度快、衰减少、灵敏度高,其声波的传递是通过相邻质点间的动量传递来传播能量。当声波入射到地面,通过相邻质点间的动量传递引起谐振片振动时,谐振片各点的Fi通过顶针到达压电片,压电片的M点受力FM为:各点传递到顶尖的矢量和,用公式表示为:
FM=∑Fi---------------------(7)
由此可见,到达地表的声音或通过地层传来的声音虽然很微弱,但经谐振腔后得到放大,压电片输出的电信号经放大器放大后输出。本发明的地下声敏传感器比常规的压电式谐振拾音器的灵敏度提高约数千倍。
附图说明
图1是埋于地下的常规拾音器的示意图,
图2是本发明地下声敏传感器的立体分解图,
图3是本发明地下声敏传感器的电信号放大器的电路图。
图中标号如下:
21地层 22常规拾音器 11物理谐振腔 12谐振片 13顶针14压电陶瓷片 15电信号放大器 16导线 17电路盒 18音频信号输出端
电器元件如下:
场效应管:型ZSK30A三极管:型号ZSA733放大器:型号NE5532
电阻:R1阻值1M、R2阻值10K、R3阻值2K、R4阻值680Ω、R5阻值2.2K、R6阻值27K、R7阻值560Ω、R8阻值5.6K、R9阻值100K、R10阻值5.1K
电容:C1为104,C2、C6为100VF/25V,C3为47VF/25V,C4、C5、C7为10VF/25F
具体实施方式
参见图2,本发明的地下声敏传感器,由物理谐振腔11、谐振片12、顶针13、压电陶瓷片14、电信号放大器15、导线16、电路盒17和音频信号输出端18组成;物理谐振腔11为圆柱形不锈钢筒(φ74×109×0.22壁厚mm),物理谐振腔11的顶面有谐振片12(φ74×0.22壁厚mm),在谐振片12的中央部位焊接一顶针13(φ0.7×15mm),顶针13的尖部与压电陶瓷片14(φ35,频率响应1.8-2.2KHz)相接触,将压电陶瓷片14从四个方向用四根钢丝(φ0.18×37mm)固定在构成物理谐振腔11的圆柱形不锈钢筒,压电陶瓷片14的正、负极通过两根导线16(φ0.013mm×7芯)与电信号放大器15的信号输入端和地端相接,电信号放大器15置于电路盒17内,电路盒17设置在物理谐振腔11的底部,在电路盒17上设有音频信号输出端18。
本发明将腔体谐振技术与压电技术有机结合起来,首先将声音用物理方法进行加强放大,通过机电转换后进行二次放大,并以电信号方式输出,解决了这一关键技术。
图3表示了电信号放大器15的工作原理:用串联N沟道场效应管(2SK30A)和三极管(2SA733)可以得到电源电压利用率高的电路,栅极电阻R1(1M)决定了直流工作点,并使V2(2SA733)的集电极电压为Vcc/2,V1(2SK30A)的开路放大倍数约为5倍,由于V2(2SA733)的射极电阻为560Ω,集电极负载为5.6KΩ,所以其开路放大倍数约为10倍,总放大倍数为50倍(34dB),由于负反馈也为32dB,因此,可以得到信号失真小,频带宽等特性。放大器NE5532放大倍数约为20倍,所以电路总增益约为58dB。
地埋式声敏传感器技术参数如下:
电源电压:DC12V-15V;工作电流:≤5mA;频响:100Hz-8KHz;
失真度:≤0.1%;
灵敏度(声强值):
语音(可听清):≤5dB/1m
敲地(可听清):≤1dB/1m
监听范围:
地面可听清区域:直径40m/1个拾音器
地下可监测区域:直径80m(常规土质)/1个拾音器
环境温度:-25℃-+40℃;相对湿度:100%RH;防水、防腐蚀
Claims (1)
1.一种地下声敏传感器,由物理谐振腔(11)、谐振片(12)、顶针(13)、压电陶瓷片(14)、电信号放大器(15)、导线(16)、电路盒(17)和音频信号输出端(18)组成;物理谐振腔(11)为圆柱形不锈钢筒,在物理谐振腔(11)的顶面设有谐振片(12),在谐振片(12)的中央部位焊接一顶针(13),顶针(13)的尖部与压电陶瓷片(14)相接触,压电陶瓷片(14)被钢丝从四个方向固定在物理谐振腔(11)内,压电陶瓷片(14)的正、负极通过两根导线(16)与电信号放大器(15)的信号输入端和地端相接,电信号放大器(15)置于电路盒(17)内,电路盒(17)设置在物理谐振腔(11)的底部,在电路盒(17)上设有音频信号输出端(18),其特征在于,所述的电信号放大器(15)的电路由场效应管2SK30A、三极管2SA733、放大器NE5532、电阻R1~R10、电容C1~C7组成;连接关系是:输入端IN连接电容C1的一端,电容C1的另一端连接电阻R1的一端和场效应管2SK30A的G端,场效应管2SK30A的D端连接三极管2SA733的基极b和电阻R2的一端,电阻R2的另一端连接电阻R5的一端和电容C2的正极,电容C2的负极接地,场效应管2SK30A的S端连接电阻R3的一端和电容C3的正极,电阻R3的另一端与电容C3的负极及电阻R6的一端和电阻R4的一端、电阻R1的另一端相连接,电阻R4的另一端接地,三极管2SA733的发射极e连接电阻R7的一端和电容C4的负极,电阻R7的另一端和电容C4的正极相连,同时也连接12V电源及放大器NE5532的电源端(8),三极管2SA733的集电极c连接电容C5的正极、电阻R8的一端及放大器NE5532的同相输入端(3),电容C5的负极连接电阻R6的另一端,电阻R8的另一端接地,放大器NE5532的反相输入端(2)与输出端(1)之间串接一电阻R9,放大器NE5532的(4)端为接地端,电阻R9的一端与电阻R10的一端连接,电阻R10的另一端与电容C6的正极相连,电容C6的负极接地,放大器NE5532的输出端(1)与其另一同相输入端(5)连接,其另一反相输入端(6)与输出端(7)连接,输出端(7)连接电容C7的正极,电容C7的负极为输出端OUT。
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US8831406B2 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2014-09-09 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Recording medium having data structure for managing reproduction of at least video data recorded thereon and recording and reproducing methods and apparatuses |
US8886021B2 (en) | 2002-11-20 | 2014-11-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Recording medium having data structure for managing reproduction of at least video data recorded thereon and recording and reproducing methods and apparatuses |
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US7809775B2 (en) | 2003-02-27 | 2010-10-05 | Lg Electronics, Inc. | Recording medium having data structure for managing playback control recorded thereon and recording and reproducing methods and apparatuses |
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