CN1259773A - Compound polymer dielectric membrane and lithium batttery made by using said membrane - Google Patents
Compound polymer dielectric membrane and lithium batttery made by using said membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN1259773A CN1259773A CN99117804A CN99117804A CN1259773A CN 1259773 A CN1259773 A CN 1259773A CN 99117804 A CN99117804 A CN 99117804A CN 99117804 A CN99117804 A CN 99117804A CN 1259773 A CN1259773 A CN 1259773A
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite polymer electrolyte film and the method making secondary polymer lithium battery by this film. The characteristics of composite polymer electrolyte film are, the middle film is microporous barrier and has better mechanical property and heat stability, the outer film has stronger caking property and ionic conducting capability. The advantages are, good safety, no micro short, stronger discharging capability in large current, simple making method of film and polymer lithium battery, easy to be commercialization.
Description
The present invention relates to after polymerization thing lithium battery.
Along with popularizing of developing rapidly of present information and communication industry, particularly mobile communication and portable computer, formed tight demand to high-energy battery.Countries in the world are all little at the develop actively volume, in light weight, the battery that energy is high.The liquid electrolyte lithium ion battery has obtained in above-mentioned field to use widely.Solid, the particularly research and development of colloidal polymer lithium ion battery are now near the practicability level.The performance of polymer Li-ion battery is better than the liquid electrolyte lithium ion battery in many aspects, for example: its weight energy density height, battery manufacturing process is simple, the shape flexibility is big, can be made into thickness less than 1 millimeter battery, no liquid is leaked, and the holding time is long, and does not produce reacting gas etc.
Lithium battery and lithium ion battery (below be referred to as lithium battery) are a kind of electrochemical appliances.In the process of charging and discharge, from the lithium metal or contain the lithium ion of lithium intercalation compounds, between the positive pole of battery and negative pole, shuttle back and forth by a kind of ionic conduction material, electronics is done corresponding motion by external circuit between positive pole and negative pole simultaneously.The difference of poly-lithium battery and liquid electrolyte lithium battery is that its electrolyte is a kind of polymer film, this polymer film and double as barrier film of solid-state or colloidal state.The technology of preparing of polymer dielectric film is the core of poly-lithium battery technology.This polymer dielectric film should possess higher normal temperature ionic conduction ability, the electrochemical window of broad, good processability and with the compatibility performance of electrode.Polymer dielectric roughly can reduce following four kinds: (1) does not contain the system of any liquid, and the formation of conductive phase is because due to containing the lithium salts dissolving or dissociating in the polar polymer matrix in this system.(2) gel polymer electrolyte will contain lithium salts dissolving or disassociation in a kind of polar liquid, add inactive polymer then to guarantee its mechanical stability.(3) plasticizing attitude polymer dielectric, this type of polymer dielectric also is a kind of colloidal state polymer electrolyte in principle, a spot ofly has the solvent of high-k very to improve conductance but keep in its matrix usually.(4) ionic rubber, this type of polymer dielectric are that a kind of low-temperature molten salt makes it become a kind of ionic conduction material through adding a small amount of high molecular polymer.The first and the 4th base polymer electrolyte still is in developing stage.The second and the 3rd electrolytelike development is realistic scale closely.(BELLCORE USA) announced a kind of plasticizing attitude method for preparing polymer electrolytes (US Patent 5296318) in 1994 in U.S. bell communication research institute.They use the copolymer of Kynoar (PVdF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and contain lithium salts LiFP
6, propene carbonate (PC), the mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) is made the gel polymer electrolyte film.The content of HFP in copolymer is no more than 25wt.%. and makes as the described lithium battery of beautiful figure patent (US Patent5196279) with this film.The purpose that adds HFP is for the crystallization control degree, forms the noncrystal imbibition ability that improves system of a part, to improve conductivity.But the fatal shortcoming of this kind copolymer dielectric film is when HFP content is higher than 20wt.%, and its mechanical property and thermal stability sharply reduce in battery.Thereby cause battery performance to worsen, even cause battery out of control.Even the content of HFP reaches 25% in the PVdF+HFP copolymer, the quantity of the liquid electrolyte of its absorption also is limited, and the conductivity of this colloid only reaches 10
-6Scm
-1, do not satisfy the requirement of practical battery, there is not practicality.In addition, polypropylene fine (PAN) (US Patent 5219679), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (US Patent 5252413), oxidic polyethylene (PEO) (Solid State Ionics 61 (85) 1996) class colloidal state polymer electrolyte also is used for lithium battery.But their normal temperature poorly conductive, preparation technology's relative complex or harsh to the ambient humidity requirement, the high rate during charging-discharging of battery can not satisfy the requirement of modern electrical equipment.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned technology, the NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE polymer dielectric film is provided, and the method that this kind composite polymer electrolyte membrane is made poly-lithium battery of using is provided.
Composite polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention is a kind of composite membrane of sandwich construction, is made up of two outer membranes and intermediate coat.Intermediate coat is a kind of microporous barrier with high thermal stability and mechanical property, is compounded with micropore or non-porous polymer film with cementability in the both sides of intermediate coat.It is compatible with electrode viscosity that outer membrane mainly plays a part.
Composite polymer electrolyte membrane and use this film to make the method for poly-lithium battery as follows:
Method A. with weight average molecular weight is＞Kynoar (PVdF) of 500000g/mole, or the mixture of PVdF+2-15wt.%PAN, be dissolved in pure acetone or acetone+10wt.% butanols solvent.Polymer is 5-35wt.% in the concentration of solution.The SiO that adds 5～35wt.% then
2Or Al
2O
3Inorganic material powders is as stabilizer, fully mixing.Allow in airtight container this mixture is static to be left temperature in and be in 40-60 degree centigrade the atmospheric environment＞24 hours.Gradually become gelinite up to mixture.To be coated in thickness be 0.02 millimeter polypropylene (PP) microporous membrane or polyethylene (PE) microporous membrane or the composite microporous film of PP+PE or spin with this gelinite, the both sides of the fabric porous septum of nonwoven, applied thickness is generally the 0.005-0.05 millimeter, makes wet film.Also this gelinite can be coated in PETG (PET) film or glass surface directly makes thickness and is generally 0.04-0.15 millimeter individual layer wet film.Then wet film is immersed extractant in the non-solvent solutions such as methyl alcohol or ethanol, 5-10 takes out after second.In 40-50 degree centigrade of environment air dry or vacuumize 1-5 hour, make composite polymeric film with sandwich construction.Micropore in the film is equally distributed.With a certain amount of electrolyte such as 1MLiPF
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1) pours into composite polymeric film, promptly becomes composite polymer electrolyte membrane.
It is 15: 1 acetone or N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent and PVdF+HFP that method B. gets the weight concentration ratio, wherein the content of HFP is 26-30wt.%, or the mixture system of mixing of (PVdF+HFP, wherein the content of HFP is 26-30wt.%)+2-15wt.%PAN.The SiO that in this mixture, adds 5～35wt.% then
2Or Al
2O
3The inorganic powder stabilizer carries out mixing making uniform slurry again.This slurry coating is 0.02 millimeter polypropylene (PP) microporous membrane or polyethylene (PE) microporous membrane or the composite microporous film of PP+PE or spins at thickness, the both sides of the fabric porous septum of nonwoven, applied thickness is generally the 0.005-0.02 millimeter, makes wet film.The composite polymeric film with sandwich construction is promptly made in wet film air dry or 140 degrees centigrade of vacuumizes 20 minutes in room temperature environment.Pour into electrolyte such as 1MLiPF to this kind composite polymeric film
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1) promptly becomes composite polymer electrolyte membrane, its electric dodar to 10
-3Scm
-1Be that with the difference of the described composite polymeric film of method A its outer membrane is not microporous barrier but non-porous film with higher ionic conduction ability.
Method C. uses composite polymeric film and makes poly-lithium battery: positive pole: 72wt.%LiCoO
2(LiMn
2O
4, LiNiO
2Or other contains the lithium intercalation compounds), 8wt.%PVdF or PVdF+HFP hot glue bonding agent, the NMP of 2wt.% acetylene activated carbon and 18wt.% or acetone mix makes uniform slurry, and to be coated in thickness be 0.02 millimeter Al paper tinsel one side or the thickness perforation Al band that is 0.05 millimeter or the both sides of Al net.Overlay thickness is generally the 0.1-0.2 millimeter.Dry under 60-150 degree centigrade, make NMP or acetone evaporated.Cut into the electrode anode sheet then.Negative pole: 85wt.% graphite, 8wt.%PVdF or PVdF+HFP hot glue class bonding agent, the NMP of 2wt.% acetylene activated carbon and 15wt.% or acetone mix makes uniform lotion, and to be coated in thickness be 0.02 millimeter Cu paper tinsel one side or the thickness perforation Cu band that is 0.05 millimeter or the both sides of Cu net.Applied thickness is generally the 0.06-0.20 millimeter.Dry under 60-150 degree centigrade, make NMP or acetone evaporated.Cut into the electrode negative plate then.
Electrode anode sheet and electrode negative plate directly are bonded at the wet film both sides described in method A or the method B, are immersed in about 10 seconds in methyl alcohol or the ethanol then.Take out back vacuumize 30 minutes under 60 degree Celsius.(as glove box) pours into the electrolyte 1MLiPF of some under the environment of drying
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1) with its metal-back of packing into (stainless steel, nickel plating) or be sealed in the metallo-plastic composite package film of compression molding, becomes battery.
In addition, also the composite polymeric film described in method A or the method B can be clipped between electrode anode sheet and the negative plate, be combined into one through 130-150 degree centigrade of hot pressing, (as glove box) pours into the electrolysis 1MLiPF of some under the environment of drying
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1) with its metal-back of packing into (stainless steel, nickel plating) or be sealed in the metallo-plastic composite package film of compression molding, becomes battery.
The present invention contrasts prior art and has following advantage: the mechanical property of composite polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention and Heat stability is good, and normal temperature conductance height, it is simple to use this composite polymer electrolyte membrane manufacturing poly-lithium battery process.
Fig. 1 adopts the composite polymeric film described in the inventive method A, according to the electric wire that charges and discharge of the polymer Li-ion battery of the direct adhering method manufacturing described in the inventive method C;
Fig. 2 adopts the composite polymeric film described in the inventive method A, according to the multiplying power discharging curve of the polymer Li-ion battery of the direct adhering method manufacturing described in the inventive method C;
Fig. 3 adopts the composite polymeric film described in the inventive method A, according to the electric wire that charges and discharge of the prepared polymer Li-ion battery of the hot pressing complex method described in the inventive method C;
Fig. 4 adopts the composite polymeric film described in the inventive method B, according to the electric wire that charges and discharge of the prepared polymer Li-ion battery of the direct adhering method described in the inventive method C;
Fig. 5 adopts the composite polymeric film described in the inventive method B, according to the electric wire that charges and discharge of the prepared polymer Li-ion battery of the hot pressing complex method described in the inventive method C.
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the present invention, enumerate following application example.But these application examples do not have any restriction to the scope of application of the present invention.Embodiment 1
Adopt the composite polymeric film among the inventive method A, according to the polymer Li-ion battery of the direct adhering method manufacturing among the inventive method C.Electrolyte is selected 1MLiPF for use
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1), positive active material are LiCoO
2, negative electrode active material is MCMB25-28 (little carbon bead graphite).5 cells are sealed in after parallel connection in the aluminium plastic composite packaging film.The discharge capacity of battery when 1C is above 90% of capacity when 0.1C.The major parameter and the performance of battery are as follows:
LiCoO
2: MCMB25-28=2: 1 (weight)
Anodal thickness: 0.20mm (comprising collector electrode Al net)
Negative pole thickness: 0.20mm (comprising collector electrode Cu net)
Composite membrane thickness: 0.06mm (one-sided PVdF microporous barrier: 0.02mm; PP microporous barrier: 0.02mm)
Charging cut-ff voltage: 4.2V
Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.8V
Charging current: 0.4A
Discharging current: 0.4A
Multiplying power discharging electric current: 0.08A (0.1C), 0.4A (0.5C), 0.8A (1C), 1.6A (2C)
Battery capacity: 880mAh (0.5C)
Charging and discharging curve as shown in Figure 1, the multiplying power discharging curve is as shown in Figure 2.Embodiment 2
Adopt the composite polymeric film among the inventive method A, according to the prepared polymer Li-ion battery of hot pressing complex method among the inventive method C.Electrolyte is selected 1MLiPF for use
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1), positive active material are LiCoO
2, negative electrode active material is MCMB25-28 (little carbon bead graphite).5 cells are sealed in after parallel connection in the aluminium plastic composite packaging film.The major parameter of battery:
LiCoO
2: MCMB25-28=2: 1 (weight)
Anodal thickness: 0.18mm (comprising collector electrode Al net)
Negative pole thickness: 0.19mm (comprising collector electrode Cu net)
Composite membrane thickness: 0.06mm (one-sided PVdF microporous barrier: 0.02mm; PP microporous barrier: 0.02mm)
Charging cut-ff voltage: 4.2V
Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.5V
Charging current: 0.25A
Discharging current: 0.25A
Battery capacity: 1015mAh (0.25C)
Charging and discharging curve as shown in Figure 3.Embodiment 3
Adopt the composite polymeric film among the inventive method B, according to the prepared polymer Li-ion battery of direct adhering method among the inventive method C.Electrolyte is selected 1MLiPF for use
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1), positive active material are LiCoO
2, negative electrode active material is MCMB25-28 (little carbon bead graphite).5 cells are sealed in after parallel connection in the aluminium plastic composite packaging film.The major parameter and the performance of battery are as follows:
LiCoO
2: MCMB25-28=2: 1 (weight)
Anodal thickness: 0.15mm (comprising collector electrode Al net)
Negative pole thickness: 0.16mm (comprising collector electrode Cu net)
Composite membrane thickness: 0.06mm (one-sided PVdF microporous barrier: 0.02mm; PP microporous barrier: 0.02mm)
Charging cut-ff voltage: 4.2V
Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.5V
Charging current: 0.2A
Discharging current: 0.2A
Battery capacity: 1100mAh (0.2C)
Charging and discharging curve as shown in Figure 4.Embodiment 4
Adopt the composite polymeric film among the inventive method A, according to the prepared polymer Li-ion battery of hot pressing complex method among the inventive method C.Electrolyte is selected 1MLiPF for use
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1), positive active material are LiCoO
2, negative electrode active material is MCMB25-28 (little carbon bead graphite).5 cells are sealed in after parallel connection in the aluminium plastic composite packaging film.The major parameter and the performance of battery are as follows:
LiCoO
2: MCMB25-28=2: 1 (weight)
Anodal thickness: 0.15mm (comprising collector electrode Al net)
Negative pole thickness: 0.16mm (comprising collector electrode Cu net)
Composite membrane thickness: 0.06mm (one-sided PVdF microporous barrier: 0.02mm; PP microporous barrier: 0.02mm)
Charging cut-ff voltage: 4.2V
Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.5V
Charging current: 0.2A
Discharging current: 0.2A
Battery capacity: 1080mAh (0.2C)
Charging and discharging curve as shown in Figure 5.
Claims (5)
1. composite polymer electrolyte membrane, the principal character of this film is that it comprises:
(1) this composite polymer electrolyte membrane has sandwich construction;
(2) polymer of outer membrane is that weight average molecular weight is greater than 500000g/mole and have adhesion property
Kynoar (PVdF), PVdF+ polypropylene fine (PAN) mixture, wherein PAN
Content be 2-15wt.%;
(3) polymer of outer membrane also can be PVdF+HFP, wherein the content of HFP (hexafluoropropylene)
Be 26-30wt.%, or (PVdF+HFP, wherein the content of HFP is 26-30wt.%))
The mixture of+2-15wt.%PAN;
(4) contain the Al of 5-35% in the outer membrane
2O
3Or SiO
2Inorganic material powders is as stabilizer;
(5) inner layer film is polypropylene (PP) microporous membrane or polyethylene (PE) microporous membrane or PP+PE
Composite microporous film or spin the fabric porous septum of nonwoven;
(6) outer membrane is micropore or nonporous film.
2. the preparation method of composite polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, during (2) described polymer, its principal character is that it comprises in using claim 1:
(1) with (2) desired polymer dissolution in the claim 1 at acetone or acetone+10wt.%
In butanols or N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, add the Al of 5-35%
2O
3Or
SiO
2Inorganic material powders, the thing that is uniformly mixed, mixture is static in airtight environment
Greater than 24 hours, up to forming colloid;
(2) this colloid is coated in (5) described inner layer film both sides in the claim 1, as skin
Film is made the wet film of composite membrane;
(3) wet film with this composite membrane goes out solvent extraction in methyl alcohol or ethanol liquid, and dry back becomes
Be composite polymeric film; Pour into electrolyte again, promptly make composite polymer electrolyte membrane.
3. composite polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when right requires in 2
(1) stabilizer Al in the described mixture
2O
3Or SiO
2Inorganic material powders content is at 15-30wt.%
The time, can make the single polymer layer dielectric film separately.
4. the preparation method of composite polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, during (3) described polymer, its principal character is that it comprises in using claim 1:
(1) with (3) desired polymer dissolution in the claim 1 in acetone or nmp solvent
Mix and make mixture;
(2) in this mixture, add the SiO of 5～35wt.%
2Or Al
2O
3The inorganic powder stabilizer
Carry out mixing again making uniform slurry;
(3) with this slurry coating (5) desired inner layer film both sides in claim 1, as
Outer membrane is made the wet film of composite membrane;
(4) air dry or 140 degrees centigrade of vacuumizes 20 minutes in room temperature environment becomes
Be composite polymeric film; Pour into electrolyte again, promptly make composite polymer electrolyte membrane.
5. use the method according to claim 2 or 4 described composite polymer electrolyte membranes manufacturing poly-lithium batteries, its principal character is that it comprises:
(1) electrode anode sheet and negative plate directly are bonded in (2) in the claim 2, or in 4 (3)
Described wet film both sides go out solvent extraction in non-solvent liquid, and are true under 60 degree Celsius
Empty dry; Under the environment of drying, pour into the electrolyte 1M of some
LiPF
6+EC∶DMC(1∶1)；
(2) (4) described composite polymeric film in (3) or 4 in the claim 2 is clipped in electrode
Between positive plate and the negative plate, be combined into one, under the environment of drying, pour into one through hot pressing
Quantitative electrolyte 1MLiPF
6+ EC: DMC (1: 1);
(3) adopt metal-back or through the metallo-plastic composite package film packing of compression molding.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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