CN1249884C - 电动机 - Google Patents
电动机 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1249884C CN1249884C CNB021319847A CN02131984A CN1249884C CN 1249884 C CN1249884 C CN 1249884C CN B021319847 A CNB021319847 A CN B021319847A CN 02131984 A CN02131984 A CN 02131984A CN 1249884 C CN1249884 C CN 1249884C
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Abstract
一种电动机(1),所述电动机包括转子(2)和产生旋转驱动转子的磁场的定子(3),所述转子设有具有多个永久磁铁(5)的永久磁铁型转子部(4)和具有多个凸极部(7);使具有防止磁通泄漏的多条切槽(8)的磁阻型转子部(6)在旋转方向按所定的偏移角在轴向连接构成转子,其特征在于,在永久磁铁型转子部(4)的永久磁铁(5)的端部近旁设防止磁通短路用的长孔(9),从该长孔的磁极边界开始,旋转前进侧形成的范围相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为θ度,定子的齿宽相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为R度,将转子磁极数设为P,定子切槽数设为S=3P/2,设α={(360/S)-R}2度时,0.95α≤θ≤1.05α。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动机,尤其涉及一种同步电动机中的电动机,所述电动机通过转子结构的组合降低噪音和振动。
背景技术
特开平9-294362号公报公开了这样一种同步电动机:所述电动机通过在轴向连接异种转子构成转子,以扩大设计自由度。下面,结合图12进行说明,电动机1由配置了多个永久磁铁的永久磁铁型转子部4和形成数个凸极部的磁阻型转子部6在轴向连接构成的转子2、产生旋转驱动转子2的磁场的定子3构成。
特开平7-59310号公报公开了这样一种电动机:所述电动机在轴向夹装非磁性体连接异种转子,同样能扩大设计自由度,同时能防止异种转子之间的磁通泄漏,防止磁路耦合,另外,在轴向组合异种转子时,采用在旋转方向按所定角度错开的结构,可减少转矩脉动。
然而,在特开平9-294362号公报存在的问题是,所述电动机仅仅是组合异种转子,不能防止因相互作用引起的特性下降。就是说,问题是:在一方使用有永久磁铁的转子时,另一方的铁心覆盖该永久磁铁的结构中,永久磁铁的磁通泄漏到另一方的转子,会导致特性下降。
在特开平7-59310号公报中,由于在轴向连接异种转子时夹装着非磁性体,所以磁通泄漏引起的特性下降被控制,但夹装非磁性体带来大型化及成本提高问题。将异种转子在旋转方向按所定角度错开组合可以减少转矩脉动,可是,永久磁铁的嵌齿转矩导致转矩脉动,并影响电动机的噪音、振动,所以当异种转子的至少一个转子的嵌齿转矩大时,结果,不能得到充分降低电动机噪音、振动的效果。
发明内容
本发明鉴于上述以往的问题而作,本发明的目的在于:提供一种电动机,所述电动机连接异种转子部可扩大设计自由度,而且不会造成大型化及成本提高,并可大幅度降低噪音、振动。
本发明电动机系这样一种电动机,所述电动机包括转子,和产生旋转驱动转子的磁场的定子;所述转子设有具有多个永久磁铁的永久磁铁型转子部和多个凸极部;使具有防止磁通泄漏的多条切槽的磁阻型转子部在旋转方向按所定的偏移角在轴向连接构成转子,其特征在于,
在永久磁铁型转子部的永久磁铁的端部近旁设防止磁通短路用的长孔或缺口,从该长孔或缺口的磁极边界开始,旋转前进侧形成的范围相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为θ度,定子的齿宽相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为R度,将转子磁极数设为P,定子切槽数设为S=3P/2,设α={(360/S)-R}/2度时,0.95α≤θ≤1.05α,将永久磁铁型转子部的防止磁通短路用的长孔或切口的形状与定子的齿宽相对应而规定,作成适用于集中绕组定子,而且可大幅度降低由永久磁铁型转子部产生的嵌齿转矩,由于使该永久磁铁型转子部旋转而发生的转矩脉动抵消因向定子通电而发生的转矩脉动,并且在轴向组合因无永久磁铁而不会发生嵌齿转矩的磁阻型转子部,由此,大幅度减少转矩脉动,大幅度降低电动机的噪音、振动。
在磁阻型转子部的切槽配置与切槽相符合的非磁形体,由此,可以更可靠地防止磁通泄漏,同时可控制切槽的强度降低。
又,磁阻型转子部和定子之间的空隙部尺寸设定的比永久磁铁型转子部和定子之间的空隙尺寸小。由此,则籍由因永久磁铁的配置,使永久磁铁型转子部的空隙尺寸增大(所述永久磁铁型转子部,由离心力引起的变形增大),可以将永久磁铁型转子部和磁阻型转子部的转速极限作成同等,并可获得高转速。同时,永久磁铁型转子部的空隙部尺寸对转矩特性影响小,而磁阻型转子部的空隙部尺寸对转矩特性影响大,所以磁阻型转子部对转矩特性的改善效果大,可提高磁阻型转子部的效率。
又,可旋转自如地支承转子的轴承至少具有一个,支承强度大的轴承配置在永久磁铁型转子部一侧。如此,则通过用支承强度大的轴承支承在质量大的永久磁铁型转子部一侧这一合理的轴承配置,可以以紧凑的结构稳定地支承转子,并将转轴的跳动控制在最小限度。
又,在转子上,设置与永久磁铁型转子部邻接的第1磁阻型转子部和只与第1磁阻型转子部邻接的第2磁阻型转子部。在第1磁阻型转子部设有防止永久磁铁泄漏磁通的切槽,同时,与永久磁铁型转子部在旋转方向不具有偏移角,在第1磁阻型转子部和第2磁阻型转子部之间,在旋转方向具有偏移角,在永久磁铁型转子部和第1磁阻型转子部之间,因不具有偏移角,所以在两转子部之间确实可以防止从永久磁铁泄漏磁通,可以防止特性下降,而且,由于未夹装非磁性体,所以不会因防止磁通泄漏而造成转矩下降,并可实现小型化及降低成本。另外,因可使第1和第2磁阻型转子部任意具有偏移角,故能实现低振动化,得到任意所希望的转矩特性。
设有数条键槽,用于在旋转方向固定将转子与外部连接的转轴和永久磁铁型转子部及磁阻型转子部,以便可以选择永久型转子部和磁阻型转子部在旋转方向的相对位置,对于各种要求的转矩特性,可以实现电动机的通用化,降低成本。
上述发明,可适用于具有设置多个永久磁铁的转子和产生旋转驱动转子的磁场的定子的电动机。即在该种电动机中,在转子的永久磁铁的端部近旁设有防止磁通短路用的长孔或缺口,将前述θ和前述α的关系设为0.95α≤θ≤1.05α,可大幅度减少因转子而发生的嵌齿转矩,降低电动机的噪音、振动。
由于将转子设定为旋转自如地配设在定子周围的圆筒形,所以在内转子型电动机中具有上述作用效果。
若将上述发明的电动机装在压缩机上,可实现压缩机的低噪音、低振动,可削减或减少以往所用压缩机的为低噪音、低振动的缓冲构件,实现低成本化。
若将上述发明的电动机装在混合型电动汽车或燃料电池型汽车或纯电动汽车上可实现低噪音、低振动化,同时可实现轻量化,提高这些汽车的行驶效率。
附图说明
图1A是本发明电动机的第1实施形态的结构的纵剖视图,图1B是图1A的IB-IB向剖视图,图1C是图1A的IC-IC向剖视图。
图2A-2B表示电动机的各转矩特性,图2A是嵌齿转矩特性图,图2B是转矩脉动特性图。
图3是本发明电动机的第2实施形态的键槽配置图。
图4是该实施形态的变形例的键槽配置图。
图5A-5H是该实施形态的键的各种形状的说明图。
图6是本发明电动机的第3实施形态的结构图。
图7是本发明电动机的第4实施形态的结构图。
图8是本发明电动机的第5实施形态的结构图。
图9A表示本发明电动机的第6实施形态的结构图,图9B是表示该实施形态的永久磁铁型转子部的上半部的正视图。
图10A是表示其他形状的长孔的放大图。,图10B是表示切口的放大图。
图11A-11C是表示永久磁铁型转子部和磁阻型转子部的连接结构的各种形态的示意图。
图12是表示一例传统电动机的示意结构的纵剖视图。
图13是表示安装有本发明的电动机的压缩机结构的纵剖视图。
图15是表示安装有本发明的电动机的燃料电池型电动汽车的结构图。
图16是安装有本发明的电动机的电动汽车的结构图。
具体实施方式
以下,结合图1、图2说明本发明电动机的第1实施形态。电动机的整体结构实际与结合图12所作出的说明一样,故在此只说明本发明的主要部位。
图1A表示电动机1的转子2与定子3的一部分,电动机1的转子2由图1B所示的永久磁铁型转子部4和图1C所示的磁阻型转子部6构成。永久磁铁型转子部4是在将冲裁电磁钢板形成的略呈圆形的转子铁心板经层叠构成的转子铁心11的内部,埋设配置4个(2n,n=2)稀土类磁铁或铁氧体磁铁等的永久磁铁5而构成。各永久磁铁5的N极与S极在圆周方向交替配置。
在转子铁心11的永久磁铁的旋转方向的两端近旁,沿转子2的外周面在规定范围内形成长孔9。从磁极边界开始,转子磁极的旋转前进侧的长孔9的形成范围相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为θ度,定子3的齿宽相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为R度,将转子磁极数设为P(=2n),定子切槽数设为S(=3P/2),设α={(360/S)-R}/2度,则0.95α≤θ≤1.05α,以此来规定长孔9的形成范围。
所述长孔9的形状,可以设为如图10A所示的形状,如图10B所示,也可设置切口9a,取代长孔9。
磁阻型转子部6在转子铁心12形成4个(2n,n=2)凸极7,同时在该凸极7之间形成多层圆弧形切槽8,以防止从永久磁铁泄漏磁通。
转子2在永久磁铁5和凸极7之间,其电气角基本设为90度的角度,而从其基本位置开始在旋转方向按所定偏移角的状态,将永久磁铁型转子部4和磁阻型转子部6连接构成。
在以上结构中,永久磁铁型转子部的嵌齿转矩,如图2A所示。即,齿宽相对于旋转中心构成的角度R设为30度,转子磁极数P设为4,定子切槽数S设为6时,α={(360/6)-30}/2度=15度,长孔9的形成范围θ。当θ<0.95α时,具体地说θ为11.2度时,表示(1)的特性,当θ<1.05α时,具体地说θ为18.8度时,表示(2)的特性。为此,将长孔的形成范围θ设定为0.95α≤θ≤1.05α,具体地说通过将θ设为15度,表示(3)的特性,可以大幅度降低永久磁铁型转子部4的嵌齿转矩。
由于将该永久磁铁型转子部4和有多个凸极7同时有防止磁通泄漏的多个切槽的磁阻型转子部6在旋转方向按所定的偏移角在轴向连接,所以如图2B所示,永久磁铁型转子部的转矩脉动特性(4)和磁阻型转子部的转矩脉动特性(5)分别相互抵消,作为电动机1可获得转矩脉动特性(6)并大幅度减低转矩脉动。而且,转子通过在轴向连接异种转子部4、6可降低噪音、振动。
关于永久磁铁型转子部4和磁阻型转子部6的连接结构,可以是图11A~-11C所示的各种组合结构,而且可获得与上述同等的效果。
两转子部4、6之间未夹装非磁性体,所以可实现结构紧凑及降低成本。
又,由于在切槽8配置有非磁性体,所以防止磁通泄漏更加可靠,同时可控制切槽8的强度下降。
以下,结合图3~图5说明本发明电动机的第2实施形态。在以下实施形态的说明中,与先前的实施形态同样的结构要素则省略说明,仅说明其特征部分。
在本实施形态中,如图3所示,为了将用于将转子2与外部连接的转轴和永久磁铁型转子部4及磁阻型转子部6在旋转方向固定,在嵌合转轴(无图示)的永久磁铁型转子部4或磁阻型转子部6或该两者的轴孔20,相对于分别以电气角180度间隔(本实施形态为90度间隔)设定的基准线,以0°、δ1、δ2、δ3(δ1<δ2<δ3)的偏移角δ形成多个键槽21,则可以选择永久磁铁型转子部4与磁阻型转子部6的旋转方向的相对位置(偏移角)。如图4所示,在轴孔20周围,相对于基准线,以0°、δ1、δ2、δ3、δ4、δ5、δ6、δ7、(δ1<δ2<δ3<δ4<δ5δ6<δ7)的偏移角δ形成宽度比较窄的键槽22,偏移角的调整范围还可变大。
根据以上结构,可按要求的转矩特性选择键槽21或22,使之对应,对于各种要求的转矩特性,可以实现电动机的通用化,降低成本。
上述键槽21、22的形状因偏移角不同而各异,最好选择与所希望的转矩特性相符的键槽21、22,可以无误而容易地组装。比如,将图5A的键23作为永久磁铁型转子部4的固定用键,将图5B~5H的键24作为磁阻型转子部6的固定用键,根据磁阻型转子部6的固定位置的旋转方向的偏移角,选择图5B~5H所示的键24,同时要选定磁阻型转子部6的轴孔20的键槽21或22与各偏移角相对应的键槽形状,才能在与所希望的转矩特性相符合的偏移角位置无误而容易地组装。
在图示例中,图5B表示矩形断面的基本形状,图5C、5E、5G表示在任意一方的角部倒角的键,图5D、5F、5H表示在两方的角部倒角的键,倒角量依次增大。这样,在键槽21、22内,通过配置一个是图5B所示的基本形状,剩余的键槽21、22是基本形状至少缺少一部分的形状,可以共用键24,同时经部分加工可以对应各种形状,因而可降低成本。
下面,结合图6说明第3实施形态。
在本实施形态,磁阻型转子部6和定子3之间的空隙部尺寸g2设定的比永久磁铁型转子部4和定子之间的空隙尺寸g1小。
根据本实施形态,因永久磁铁5的配置,而将永久磁铁型转子部4(其由离心力引起的变形增大)的空隙尺寸g1设定的大,使永久磁铁型转子部4和磁阻型转子部6的转速极限可以同等,并可获得高转速,同时永久磁铁型转子部4对空隙部尺寸g1的转矩特性影响小,与之相对,磁阻型转子部6对空隙部尺寸g2的转矩特性影响大。因而,磁阻型转子部6的转矩特性的改善效果大。相应地可提高磁阻型转子部6的效率,进而还可提高电动机的效率。
下面,结合图7说明第4实施形态。
在本实施形态中,旋转自如地支承转子2的轴承25至少具有一个,支承强度大的轴承25配置在永久磁铁型转子部4一侧。在图示例中,单一轴承25配置在永久磁铁型转子部4一侧,而在两侧设置轴承25时,将其一方作成大型的支承强度大的轴承,将其配置在永久磁铁型转子部4一侧。
根据本实施形态,通过用支承强度大的轴承25支承在质量大的永久磁铁型转子部4一侧,籍此合理的轴承配置,可以以紧凑的结构稳定地支承转子2。
以下,结合图8说明第5实施形态。
在上述实施形态中,显示了转子2在轴向直接连结永久磁铁型转子部4和单一的磁阻型转子部6,而且在永久磁铁型转子部4和磁阻型转子部6设定偏移角的例子。在本实施形态中,转子2由永久磁铁型转子部4和与之相邻第1磁阻型转子部6a和与该第1磁阻型转子部6a相邻的第2磁阻型转子部6b构成。在第1磁阻型转子部6a设有防止从永久磁铁5泄漏磁通的切槽8或切口10,而与永久磁铁型转子部4不具有旋转方向的偏移角,在第2磁阻型转子部6b与永久磁铁型转子部4之间具有所希望的偏移角。
根据本实施形态,在永久磁铁型转子部4和第1磁阻型转子部6a之间,因不具有偏移角,所以在两转子部4、6a之间确实可以防止从永久磁铁5泄漏磁通,可以防止特性下降。同时,在两者之间未夹装非磁性体,所以不会因防止磁通泄漏而造成转矩下降,并可实现小型化及降低成本。另外,因可使第1和第2磁阻型转子部6a、6b任意具有偏移角,故能实现低振动化。
以下,结合图9A~9B说明第6实施形态。
在上述实施形态中,说明本发明适用于内转子型电动机的例子。在本实施形态中,如图9A所示,在外转子型电动机31中,将配置有多个永久磁铁35的永久磁铁型转子部34和形成多个凸极部37的磁阻型转子部36在旋转方向形成偏移角而连接,构成旋转自如地配设在定子33外周的转子32。同时在该磁阻型转子部36具有偏移角而且形成切槽38,由此,可以防止从永久磁铁35泄漏磁通。
在所述转子32的永久磁铁35的旋转方向的两端近旁,如图9B所示,沿转子32的内周面在所定范围形成长孔9。从磁极边界开始,转子磁极的旋转前进侧的长孔9的形成范围相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为θ度,定子33的齿宽相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为R度,将转子磁极数设为P(=2n),定子切槽数设为S(=3P/2),设α={(360/S)-R}/2度,则0.95α≤θ≤1.05α,以此来规定长孔9的形成范围。
这样,本发明也适用于外转子型电动机31,具有与上述第1实施形态同样的作用效果。
以上各实施形态的电动机1、31,由于小型、高输出、高效率,所以除了适用于压缩机的驱动用电动机外,还适用于燃料电池型、混合型等电动汽车的驱动电动机、大输出功率风扇的驱动用电动机。
如图13所示,压缩机101具有本发明的电动机1和压缩机103。该压缩机101载有本发明的电动机1,籍此,可以获得压缩机101的低振动化和低噪声化,再有,因为可以防止因磁通泄漏导致的特性低下,所以,可以获得机器的高效率化。
图14为安装有本发明的电动机1、31的混合型电动汽车110的结构图。在图14中,104为引擎,105为传动装置,107为电力调整器的转换器,108为作为电力储存、供给装置的蓄电池,109为驱动轮。该混合型电动汽车110载有本发明的电动机1、31,因而,可以获得低振动化和低噪声化,再有,因为可以防止因磁通泄漏导致的特性低下,所以,可以获得机器的高效率化。
图15为安装有本发明的电动机1、31的燃料电池型电动汽车120的结构图。在图15中,107为电力调整器(转换器),108为为电力储存、供给装置(蓄电池),109为驱动轮,111为燃料电池,112为电力转换器。该燃料电池型电动汽车120载有本发明的电动机1、31,因而,可以获得低振动化和低噪声化,再有,因为可以防止因磁通泄漏导致的特性低下,所以,可以获得机器的高效率化。
图16为安装有本发明的电动机1、31的电动汽车130的结构图。在图16中,105为传动装置,107为电力调整器的转换器,108为作为电力储存、供给装置的蓄电池,109为驱动轮。该电动汽车130载有本发明的电动机1、31,因而,可以获得低振动化和低噪声化,再有,因为可以防止因磁通泄漏导致的特性低下,所以,可以获得机器的高效率化。
Claims (12)
1.一种电动机,所述电动机包括转子,和产生旋转驱动转子磁场的定子;所述转子设有具有多个永久磁铁的永久磁铁型转子部和多个凸极部;使具有防止磁通泄漏的多条切槽的磁阻型转子部在旋转方向按所定的偏移角在轴向连接构成转子,其特征在于,
在永久磁铁型转子部的永久磁铁的端部近旁设防止磁通短路用的长孔或缺口,从该长孔或缺口的磁极边界开始,旋转前进侧形成的范围相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为θ度,定子的齿宽相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为R度,将转子磁极数设为P,定子切槽数设为S=3P/2,设α={(360/S)-R}/2度时,0.95α≤θ≤1.05α。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动机,其特征在于,在磁阻型转子部的切槽配设与切槽形状吻合的非磁性体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动机,其特征在于,磁阻型转子部与定子之间的空隙部尺寸小于永久磁铁型转子部与定子之间的空隙部尺寸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动机,其特征在于,至少具有一个旋转自如地支承转子的轴承,支承强度大的轴承配置在永久磁铁型转子部一侧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电动机,其特征在于,在转子上,设有与永久磁铁型转子部邻接的第1磁阻型转子部和只与第1磁阻型转子部邻接的第2磁阻型转子部,在第1磁阻型转子部设有防止永久磁铁泄漏磁通的切槽,同时,第1磁阻型转子部与永久磁铁型转子部之间在旋转方向不具有偏移角,在第1磁阻型转子部和第2磁阻型转子部之间在旋转方向具有偏移角。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电动机,其特征在于,设有数条键槽,用于在旋转方向固定将转子与外部连接的转轴和永久磁铁型转子部及磁阻型转子部,以便可以选择永久型转子部和磁阻型转子部在旋转方向的相对位置。
7.一种电动机,具有:配设多个永久磁铁的转子和产生旋转驱动转子磁场的定子,其特征在于,在转子部的永久磁铁的端部近旁设防止磁通短路用的长孔或缺口,从该长孔或缺口的磁极边界开始,旋转前进侧的形成范围相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为θ度,定子的齿宽相对于旋转中心构成的角度设为R度,将转子磁极数设为P,定子切槽数设为S=3P/2,设α={(360/S)-R}/2度时,0.95α≤θ≤1.05α。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的电动机,其特征在于,转子呈圆筒形,旋转自如地配置在定子的周围。
9.一种压缩机,其特征在于,所述压缩机具有如权利要求1或8所述的电动机。
10.一种混合式电动汽车,其特征在于,所述电动汽车具有权利要求1或8所述的电动机。
11.一种燃料电池型电动汽车,其特征在于,所述电动汽车具有权利要求1或8所述的电动机。
12.一种电动汽车,其特征在于,具有权利要求1或8所述的电动机。
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JP2001259788 | 2001-08-29 | ||
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JP2002189581 | 2002-06-28 | ||
JP2002189581A JP2003153508A (ja) | 2001-08-29 | 2002-06-28 | 電動機 |
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CN1249884C true CN1249884C (zh) | 2006-04-05 |
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US (1) | US6858961B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1289101B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003153508A (zh) |
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2002
- 2002-06-28 JP JP2002189581A patent/JP2003153508A/ja active Pending
- 2002-08-28 DE DE60224245T patent/DE60224245T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-28 EP EP02255965A patent/EP1289101B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-28 US US10/229,129 patent/US6858961B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN107579636A (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-12 | 东南大学 | 一种轴向并列式混合转子电机 |
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EP1289101A3 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
EP1289101B1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
DE60224245T2 (de) | 2008-12-18 |
US6858961B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 |
JP2003153508A (ja) | 2003-05-23 |
CN1409459A (zh) | 2003-04-09 |
EP1289101A2 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
DE60224245D1 (de) | 2008-02-07 |
US20030042814A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
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