CN1246545A - Improved stainless steel alloy and method for preparing thereof - Google Patents
Improved stainless steel alloy and method for preparing thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1246545A CN1246545A CN99111585A CN99111585A CN1246545A CN 1246545 A CN1246545 A CN 1246545A CN 99111585 A CN99111585 A CN 99111585A CN 99111585 A CN99111585 A CN 99111585A CN 1246545 A CN1246545 A CN 1246545A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an improved stainless steel alloy, especially adapting for producing durable consumer goods such as knife tool, milk pot, container, cookware and all kinds of utensils. It is cheaper of producing the alloy of the invention than producing general stainless known as so far, but meanwhile indicating better mechanical property or equal to the general stainless. In fact, the invention uses three elements of manganese, copper and nitrogen to replace content of dear nickel in known alloy, thereby evidently reducing the production cost. The method of making the improved stainless with those performances and advantages is included in the range of the invention.
Description
In general, the present invention relates to new alloy, especially relate to Stainless Steel Alloy that improves grade and preparation method thereof.In particular, the present invention relates to cold rolling tabularly, be particularly suitable for making durable consumer goods, as cutter, milk kettle, container and kitchen tools and comprise the improved stainless steel of vessel such as skillet, pannikin, pot, agitator, spatula, cooking spoon, dipper, measuring spoon.
Routinely, according to the final application target of steel, the steel that will comprise stainless steel is by waiting classification.These grades are the authoritative institution-American lron﹠amp by universally acknowledged this respect; The standard that SteelInstitute (AISI) formulates is determined.Each grade has marked percentage range, and the metal and the non-metallic element of the concrete grade of various formations can be arranged in this scope.These elements comprise C, Mn, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, N, P and S, and last two kinds of elements are to exist as the impurity that can not keep away.
Stainless Application Areas is so big, so that be actually unlimited.Such as, in the heavy industry field, stainless steel all has application in buildings, chemical process equipment, pharmaceutical equipment, refining of petroleum container and reactor, transport trade, environmental protection equipment and environmental protection equipment and paper pulp and paper making equipment.Aspect light industry, stainless steel can't be estimated as the purposes of aspects such as washing machine, refrigerator, deep freezer, kitchen range, food processing equipment, kitchen tools at the white apparatus of civilian sphere.
Yet, except that these industry with high-tech purposes, found a kind of very special purposes for stainless steel again at civil area now, be about to it and be used to produce durable consumer goods, as cutter, tableware, foodstuff container and various vessel,, but be not limited thereto in particular for kitchen purpose vessel.
The character of the inherent non-corrosive of stainless steel own, no marking and indenture minimum is to use it for the major cause of producing vessel always, and these class vessel are much cleaner more than early stage pottery or other metalwares.The latter is owing to lacking above-mentioned these character, so cracking there is, gets rusty and occurs the tendency of crackle.Because these defectives, the conventional pottery or the vessel of metal itself make germ or other bacteriums be accumulated on its coarse surface.In addition, between the very short usage period in, the outward appearance of the vessel that these wear is just no longer attractive.
During beginning, this class Stainless Steel Ware in fact only was found in the subcontinent.In southern India, stainless steel is the standard material that is used to decorate tableware, dish and glasses always, but not long ago, the Western countries and continent, Australia and Pacific rim come to realise the advantage of the vessel made from stainless steel.These vessel have constituted the big event to west and Australia's outlet from country such as India at present.
The producer has created the stainless steel of certain grade through research for many years, and these grade stainless steels are particularly suitable for producing durable consumer goods, as cutter, tableware, container and vessel.This steel is used Americanlron﹠amp always; Grade 304 signs of Steel Institute are referred to as AISI-304 usually.The stainless approximate average chemical constitution of this conventional grade is as follows:
C： 0.01-0.08％
Mn： 0.10-2.00％
P： 0.01-0.045％
S： 0.01-0.03％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 18.00-20.00％
Ni： 8.00-10.50％
Fe: balance to 100%
The experiment of carrying out confirms that conventional AISI-304 stainless steel has following average mechanical performance.
AISI-304 grade stainless steel one mechanical property
Tensile strength, Mpa (minimum): 515
Yield strength, Mpa (minimum): 205
The unit elongation of 50mm standard (minimum): 40
Highest hardness
Brinell hardness: 201
Rockwell hardness: 92
Produce in the stainless steel of durable consumer goods being suitable for, have two kinds of metallic elements to play a part particularly important.First kind of element is chromium, and for giving the rust-preventing characteristic of this steel, its existence is important.Second kind is nickel, and it controls the formability of this steel.Wherein the percentage composition of nickel is high more, and then the formability of this alloy is good more.
Drawing shallow type goods with alloy melt, under the occasion as knife or spoon or dipper, the height plasticity of alloy is not a judging criterion.Requirement to formability improves along with the increase of the vessel degree of depth that is drawn.Therefore, the vessel of moderate depth, as tea tray or fry in shallow oil dish will require steel have moderate, greater than the formability of preparation knife and skillet.But producing dark type container, under the occasion as milk jug, small basket or pot, stainless steel then need have the formability of maximum possible.In fact, the vessel degree of depth that is drawn is big more, then requires this steel to have bigger formability, that is, require the percentage composition of nickel in this steel bigger conversely again.
With regard to the nickel that India was concerned about, it is almost complete in a project from external import.Up to the later stage eighties, the nickel of import is not too fearfully also expensive, so manufacturers no matter whether its production relates to the shallow stretching of steel, medium stretching or deep drawn still can bear with the expense of AISI-304 alloy as the standard of making durable consumer goods and vessel class.Thitherto, cost is not a problem.
Therefore in advance without any advance notice, the price of world's PMT (Per metric ton) nickel has just risen several percentage points.The stainless expense of the AISI-304 of unexpected so feasible routine is owing to himself high nickel content shows big defective on the expense.The raw-material cost of this unwelcome alloy increases, and has caused the increase of final steel goods costs conversely.
In this case, the steel producer just sets about carrying out effort aspect the exploitation Stainless Steel Alloy since then, strive developing and both reduced the expense index, can not bring the Stainless Steel Alloy of negative impact again to planning to be used as the stainless steel performance of making vessel and durable consumer goods.Method is to substitute by orientation, promptly in the Stainless Steel Alloy of routine with one or more through the assign to amount of the alternative nickel wherein of part of group of alloys of selecting.
Main purpose of the present invention provide current known as cheap the having of conventional stainless steel that be labeled as the AISI-304 level of a kind of ratio be suitable for preparing vessel and durable consumer goods special purpose improvement Stainless Steel Alloy.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind ofly to be had and the more cheap Stainless Steel Alloy of price as the suitable mechanical property of conventional stainless steel or the better mechanical property of AISI-304 level alloy.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method that is used to prepare the more cheap Stainless Steel Alloy of this improvement or mechanical property is suitable at least price.
Be not only around producing for the research that realizes purpose of the present invention and compare with conventional stainless steel as the AISI-304 level, Stainless Steel Alloy with the nickel content that in fact reduced and lower chromium content, and carry out around the wide spectrum that this alloy is used to produce special steel vessel.
In fact, 3 kinds of elements of the present invention, promptly manganese, copper and nitrogen partly substitute the content of the nickel of the costliness in this known alloys, thereby production cost is obviously descended.Have now found that:, just make the gained stainless steel have the non magnetic tissue of austenite by in this routine alloy, improving manganese content significantly.After this find, be considered to undesirable impurity nitrogen in the conventional stainless steel usually, then demonstrate the effect that is similar to manganese, thereby improve the solubleness of nitrogen in alloy melt.This dissolved nitrogen that exists with neutral element in alloy plays a part austenite stabilizer, thereby helps to keep the non magnetic austenite structure of this alloy.
In addition, to be generally used for producing the preferable form of durable consumer goods are cold-reduced sheets to stainless steel.The copper of having found in this alloy to add part replacement nickel and chromium content in this respect helps to improve the formability of alloy sheets.
With above-mentioned we expect and based on the purpose of discovery as herein described, the present invention provides a kind of improved Stainless Steel Alloy with the broadest novelty, it is particularly suitable for producing durable consumer goods, as cutter, milk kettle, container, kitchen tools and various vessel, this Stainless Steel Alloy comprises following ingredients (weight %):
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 7.00-10.25％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 14.25-16.50％
Ni： 2.25-4.75％
Cu： 0.90-2.00％
N： 0.01-0.20％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 75.44-65.37％
According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention also provides a kind of plasticity that has improved that has, and is particularly suitable for the improved Stainless Steel Alloy of production deep drawn vessel and other durable consumer goods, and it contains following composition (weight %):
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 7.00-8.00％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 15.50-16.50％
Ni： 4.25-4.75％
Cu： 0.90-1.10％
N： 0.01-0.20％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 72.19-68.52％
According to another embodiment, a kind of improved Stainless Steel Alloy provided by the invention, it be particularly suitable for producing be used to make shallow to moderate depth vessel and the moulding of the cold-reduced sheet of other durable consumer goods, this Stainless Steel Alloy comprises following composition (weight %):
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 8.00-0.25％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 14.25-15.25％
Ni： 2.25-2.75％
Cu： 1.60-2.00％
N： 0.01-0.02％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 73.74-68.62％
The impurity that is present in the alloy of the present invention mainly is p and s, and they are present in wherein (weight %) with following amount:
P： 0.01-0.07％
S： 0.01-0.03％
The present invention also provides to make and is particularly suitable for producing durable consumer goods, and as the method for the improvement Stainless Steel Alloy of cutter, milk kettle, container, tableware and vessel, this method comprises the furnace charge (weight %) that makes following composition
Fe-Cr alloy: 23.75-27.50%
Fe-Ni alloy: 8.0-17.0%
Fe-Mn alloy: 10.0-14.6%
Fe-Si alloy: 0.15-1.0%
Cu 0.9-2.0％
Fe 57.2-37.9％
Under about 1500 ℃ temperature, heat, melt up to furnace charge; Gaseous mixture is sprayed in this fused furnace charge, metallic impurity in this gaseous mixture and the melt carry out thermopositive reaction, so that be converted into slag, carry out thermopositive reaction with nonmetallic impurity, it is transformed into gaseous compound basically, and this compound can be overflowed; The slag of such formation is separated with the molten metal that is left, reclaims the alloy with following composition (weight %) of refining like this then:
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 7.00-10.25％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 14.25-16.50％
Ni： 2.25-4.75％
Cu： 0.90-2.00％
N： 0.01-0.20％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 25.44-65.37％
According to preferred characteristic, the raw material that constitutes described furnace charge comprises: the iron that contains the Fe-Cr alloy of at least 60% chromium, the Fe-Ni alloy that contains at least 28% nickel, the Fe-Mn alloy that contains at least 70% manganese, the Fe-Si alloy that contains at least 70% silicon, metallic copper and scrap iron form.
Preferably spray into gaseous mixture in the fusion furnace charge and comprise the mixture of oxygen, argon and nitrogen.The advantage of making the part of this gaseous mixture with nitrogen is that nitrogen plays a part to be similar to manganese.The latter has improved the solubleness of nitrogen in alloy melt, thereby makes dissolved nitrogen be arranged in the gained alloy and play a part austenite stabilizer as neutral element.
Impurity in the fusion furnace charge comprises sulphur, phosphorus, hydrogen and oxygen.Strictly speaking, exist the carbon that surpasses maximum permissible value to be equivalent to impurity.But, in this alloy melt, there is a certain amount of carbon to meet the requirements for improving the intensity of stainless steel the finished product.
Owing to sprayed into gaseous mixture, the carbon and the hydrogen that are present in the melt are transformed into carbon monoxide and water vapor basically respectively, and they can escape in the atmosphere with the hydrogen of any element state that does not change.Sulphur and phosphorus form slag through oxidation, are removed then.Certainly,, can not remove this two kinds of major impurities fully from the viewpoint of practice, but just enough if they are reduced to unconspicuous degree to the negative impact of the Stainless Steel Alloy of gained.Therefore p and s is (weight %) with allowing content in this alloy:
P： 0.01-0.07％
S： 0.01-0.03％
Routinely, furnace charge is added in the electric arc furnace, by between the Graphite Electrodes of stove and furnace charge itself, beating arc this furnace charge is heated to molten state in this.For making the furnace charge fine melt of adding, furnace temperature is risen to about 1550 ℃.After this, in argon one oxygen decarburization converter, carry out refining routinely, to remove unwanted impurity to the fusion furnace charge.
By taking out through purified molten steel alloy from the decarburization converter, the castmethod of available any routine is cast any desirable physical form with this alloy.The adoptable physical form of the alloy of casting comprises base, rod, little base, volume or plate.
By following non-restrictive example in detail the present invention is described in detail now.
Embodiment 1
Prepare improved JS-201 grade stainless steel alloy
To have and demonstrate the formability that has improved, and the alloy of the preferable embodiment of the present invention that is particularly suitable for the composition of production deep drawn vessel and other durable consumer goods is designated as the JS-201 grade stainless steel.
For producing 1 tonne of JS-201 Stainless Steel Alloy, in electric arc furnace, add the raw material of following amount:
Fe-Cr alloy: 260kg
Fe-Ni alloy: 125kg
Fe-Mn alloy: 120kg
Fe-Si alloy: 50kg
Cu： 11kg
Scrap iron: 484kg
This raw material comprises the Fe of the Fe-Cr alloy that contains at least 60% chromium, the Fe-Ni alloy that contains at least 28% nickel, the Fe-Si alloy that contains at least 70% silicon, metallic copper and scrap iron form.
The raw material that adds like this heats with the electric energy that Graphite Electrodes that is added on stove and the electric arc material between furnace charge itself produce then.Furnace temperature is risen to about 1500 ℃, and in this stage, solid charge is fused into the uniform liquid that is known as " thermometal " fully.Be understandable that " thermometal " of Huo Deing except that its metal content, also contains some natural other materials that appear in the ore that is used as raw material like this.These materials comprise carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen reach from the viewpoint of final alloy product to see it is the material that constitutes impurity.Therefore having of this class impurity is undesirable.Thereby, they need be removed from thermometal, or unconspicuous degree is reduced in its negative impact to final Stainless Steel Alloy at least.
For from the fusion furnace charge, removing this impurity, the latter must stand follow-up refinement step, promptly by liquid thermometal is emitted, puts into the ladle that has refractory lining again from electric arc furnace, from then on wrap it is transferred in argon-oxygen decarburization converter, so that with its refining.In fact, this refining has reached dual purpose, promptly removes impurity in the melt (or it is reduced to admissible limit to the major general), and the metal element content in the thermometal is remained in the pre-determined range of required alloy.
The gaseous mixture of oxygen, argon and nitrogen is blown in the thermometal that being transferred in this converter come.Oxygen in the gaseous mixture and the carbon in the melt play thermopositive reaction, and the result generates carbon monoxide, produce a large amount of heat energy simultaneously.This thermopositive reaction makes the thermometal material that stands agitaion obtain stirring.Other impurity, as the sulphur that contacts with oxygen in the gaseous mixture that sprays into and phosphorus by simultaneous oxidation.This oxidation has formed slag, and they upwards rise and float on the surface of molten metal.The hydrogen of any element state that exists is discharged as gas, or similarly oxidizedly overflows as water vapour then.
The slag that forms owing to above-mentioned oxidation is discharged subsequently, basically the molten alloy that is grouped into by required one-tenth is moved to another container that refractory lining is arranged through the purified thermometal from the decarburization converter, material in this container is cast any proper physical shape with the routine casting method, as base, rod, little base, volume or plate.
Embodiment 2
Prepare improved JS-203 grade stainless steel alloy
The alloy that will have the selective embodiment of the present invention of the composition that is particularly suitable for being formed for making shallow cold-reduced sheet to moderate depth vessel and durable consumer goods is marked as the JS-203 grade stainless steel.
For the raw material of the iron of producing 1 tonne of JS-203 Stainless Steel Alloy, will comprise the Fe-Cr alloy that contains at least 60% chromium, the Fe-Ni alloy that contains at least 28% nickel, the Fe-Mn alloy that contains at least 70% manganese, the Fe-Si alloy that contains at least 70% silicon, metallic copper and scrap iron form is added in the electric arc furnace by following amount:
Fe-Cr alloy: 245kg
Fe-Ni alloy: 85kg
Fe-Mn alloy: 132kg
Fe-Si alloy: 50kg
Cu： 14kg
Scrap iron: 474kg
The program described in the foregoing description 1 of pressing is then produced required JS-203 Stainless Steel Alloy.
To proving by the JS-201 of the present invention's production and the analysis and research of JS-203 alloy: it is extraordinary that their mechanical property is compared with the AISI-304 Stainless Steel Alloy of routine.Therefore aspect the unit elongation of tensile strength, yield strength and 50mm standard, these three kinds of alloys are identical, but aspect hardness, the numerical value of JS-201 of the present invention and JS-203 alloy surpasses conventional alloy.This can learn from following contrast table
Table
Mechanical property AISI-304 JS-201 JS-203
Tensile strength, Mpa (minimum): 515 515 515 yield strengths, Mpa (minimum): the unit elongation of 205 205 205 55mm standards, % (minimum): 40 40 40 highest hardness:
Brinell hardness No. 201 217 217
Rockwell hardness (Rb) 92 95 95
Must clarifyingly be that with regard to tensile strength, yield strength and unit elongation, this table has only been expressed the lowest performance value that Stainless Steel Alloy mainly can be used for forming above-mentioned vessel and other durable consumption devices.And with regard to hardness, this table has been expressed the highest hardness value that it reached.
Stainless Steel Alloy of the present invention has wholeheartedly cubic structure of face, and the formability that equates with conventional stainless steel such as AISI-304 stainless steel at least.
The present invention economically most important advantage is that it is successful with the combination of more cheap alloying element Substituted the content of the nickel of the costliness in the conventional stainless steel, this alloy phase of giving gained that substitutes When the characteristic of stabilization of austenite, and to its no negative effect. This is so that make of the present invention Steel is obviously cheap than making conventional alloy. In addition, by adjusting dexterously used instead of alloy unit Plain combination, the present invention just can provide the multipurpose alloy, and this makes and itself can be used for forming from extremely shallow The various article of the steel ware of deep drawn, and demonstrate the hardness higher than conventional stainless steel.
The description that this paper carries out only must be considered to explanation of the present invention, and absolutely not with any Mode consists of and limit the invention in described each embodiment. As in the art any common Known to the technical staff like that, do not specifically describe but fall into scope and spirit of the present invention Other embodiments also must be believed to comprise among the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. one kind is particularly suitable for producing durable consumer goods, and as the improved Stainless Steel Alloy of cutter, milk kettle, container, kitchen tools and various vessel, it comprises the following compositions of percentage ratio meter by weight:
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 7.00-10.25％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 14.25-16.50％
Ni： 2.25-4.75％
Cu： 0.90-2.00％
N： 0.01-0.20％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 75.44-65.37％。
2. one kind is particularly suitable for Stainless Steel Alloy production deep drawn vessel and other durable consumer goods, that have the raising formability, and it comprises the following compositions of percentage ratio meter by weight:
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 7.00-8.00％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 15.50-16.50％
Ni： 4.25-4.75％
Cu： 0.90-1.10％
N： 0.01-0.20％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 72.19-68.52％。
3. one kind is particularly suitable for being formed for making the shallow vessel of moderate depth and the improved Stainless Steel Alloy of cold-reduced sheet of other durable consumer goods of arriving, and it comprises following composition by weight percentage:
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 7.00-10.25％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 14.25-16.50％
Ni： 2.25-4.75％
Cu： 0.90-2.00％
N： 0.01-0.20％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 75.44-65.37％。
4. according to each improved Stainless Steel Alloy in the claim 1 to 3, wherein said impurity comprises p and s.
5. according to the improved Stainless Steel Alloy of claim 4, wherein p and s exists with following weight:
P： 0.01-0.07％
S： 0.01-0.03％。
6. according to each improved Stainless Steel Alloy in the claim 1 to 5, it has minimum unit elongation and 217 the maximum Brinell hardness and 95 the maximum Rockwell hardness of SMYS, 40% the 50mm standard of minimum tensile strength, the 205Mpa of 515Mpa.
7. improved Stainless Steel Alloy as described herein basically.
8. be used for production and be particularly suitable for producing durable consumer goods, as the improved method that does not change the rust Steel Alloy of cutter, milk kettle, container, kitchen tools and various vessel, this method comprises makes the furnace charge of the following composition of percentage ratio meter by weight:
Fe-Cr alloy: 23.75-27.50%
Fe-Ni alloy: 8.0-17.0%
Fe-Mn alloy: 10.0-14.6%
Fe-Si alloy: 0.15-1.0%
Cu： 0.9-2.0％
Fe： 57.2-37.9％
Under about 1500 ℃ temperature, heat and melt until furnace charge, thereby will play thermopositive reaction with the metallic impurity in this metal melt and change it into slag, thereby and play thermopositive reaction but its gaseous mixture that changes the escaping gas compound basically into sprayed in this fused furnace charge with nonmetallic impurity, the slag of such formation is separated with remaining molten metal, reclaims through purified like this again, has the alloy of the following compositions of percentage ratio meter by weight:
C： 0.03-0.08％
Mn： 7.00-10.25％
Si： 0.10-0.75％
Cr： 14.25-16.50％
Ni： 2.25-4.75％
Cu： 0.90-2.00％
N： 0.01-0.20％
Impurity: 0.02-0.10%
Fe： 75.44-65.37％。
9. method according to Claim 8, the raw material of wherein forming described furnace charge comprises the iron of the Fe-Cr alloy that contains at least 60% chromium, the Fe-Ni alloy that contains at least 28% nickel, the Fe-Mn alloy that contains at least 70% manganese, the Fe-Si alloy that contains at least 70% silicon, metallic copper and scrap iron form.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 method, wherein be injected to the mixture that gaseous mixture in the fusion furnace charge comprises oxygen, argon and nitrogen.
11. each method in 10 according to Claim 8, the manganese that wherein is present in this fusion furnace charge has improved the solubleness that is sprayed on nitrogen wherein, thereby similar to manganese, this dissolved pyridine body is arranged in the alloy of gained as neutral element, and it plays a part austenite stabilizer in this.
12. each method in 11 according to Claim 8, wherein as impurity be present in hydrogen in this fusion furnace charge and excessive carbon by with the gaseous mixture that sprays in oxygen reaction being transformed into respectively basically water vapour and carbon monoxide, they can escape in the atmosphere with the element hydrogen that does not change, and sulphur and phosphorus form removed slag through oxidation.
13. each method in 12 wherein is heated to melt with described furnace charge in electric arc furnace according to Claim 8, carries out the refining of this fusion furnace charge then in argon-oxygen decarburization converter.
14. basically as with reference to previous embodiment described in this article be used for producing be particularly suitable for producing durable consumer goods, as the method for the Stainless Steel Alloy of cutter, milk kettle, container, kitchen tools and various vessel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN2560DE1998 | 1998-08-28 | ||
| IN2560/DEL/98 | 1998-08-28 |
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| CN1246545A true CN1246545A (en) | 2000-03-08 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003102258A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-11 | Xinhui Rixing Stainless Steel Product Company Limited | Application of a alloy in kitchen utensils manufacture |
| CN111809124A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-23 | 深圳市富鹏达金属材料有限公司 | Low-cost nonmagnetic alloy steel |
-
1999
- 1999-08-19 CN CN99111585A patent/CN1246545A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003102258A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-11 | Xinhui Rixing Stainless Steel Product Company Limited | Application of a alloy in kitchen utensils manufacture |
| US7416619B2 (en) | 2002-06-03 | 2008-08-26 | Xinhui Rixing Stainless Steel Product Company Limited | Application of an alloy in kitchen utensil products |
| CN111809124A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-23 | 深圳市富鹏达金属材料有限公司 | Low-cost nonmagnetic alloy steel |
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