CN1245982A - Macromolecular electrolyte type fuel cell - Google Patents
Macromolecular electrolyte type fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1245982A CN1245982A CN99118057A CN99118057A CN1245982A CN 1245982 A CN1245982 A CN 1245982A CN 99118057 A CN99118057 A CN 99118057A CN 99118057 A CN99118057 A CN 99118057A CN 1245982 A CN1245982 A CN 1245982A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack that includes an inlet manifold that distributes supplies of the gaseous fuel, the oxidant gas, and cooling water in a sequence of lamination from a unit cell on one end of the cell laminate to a unit cell on the other end of the cell laminate and an outlet manifold that discharges exhausts of the gaseous fuel, the oxidant gas, and the cooling water in an inverted sequence of lamination from the unit cell on the other end of the cell laminate to the unit cell on the one end of the cell laminate. This configuration actualizes a small-sized, compact fuel cell stack.
Description
The present invention relates to employed polymer electrolyte fuel cells such as small power generation system in compact power, used for electric vehicle power supply, the family.
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell is to make the oxidant gas of the fuel gas of hydrogen etc. and air etc. that electrochemical reaction take place at the gas-diffusion electrode place, produces the battery of electricity and heat simultaneously.
At first use Figure 10, one of polymer electrolyte fuel cells example is described.
On the two sides of optionally carrying hydrionic polyelectrolyte membrane 63, be close to that to dispose with appendix platinum be that the carbon dust of metallic catalyst is the catalyst reaction layer 62 of main component.On the lateral surface of this catalyst reaction layer 62, be close to and dispose the diffusion layer 61 that has gas ventilation and electron conduction simultaneously.Constitute electrode 69 by this catalyst reaction layer 62 and diffusion layer 61.Electrode 69 and polyelectrolyte membrane 63 are pre-formed and are one, constitute electrolysis plasma membrane conjugant (to call MEA in the following text) 70.In addition, around electrode 69, clip polyelectrolyte membrane 63 and dispose seals and gasket seal, outside fuel cell or mutually, mix so that fuel gas of supplying with and oxidant gas are no-leak.This also can form as one with MEA70 in advance.
As shown in figure 15, in above-mentioned such fuel cell, hydrogen and air are no-leak around electrode 69, to clip polyelectrolyte membrane 63 to outside and not mixing mutually in order to make, and disposes seal 127 and O type circle 128.As other encapsulating method, also have as shown in figure 16 a kind of, around electrode 69, the gasket seal 129 that configuration is made of resin or metal, thickness and electrode 69 are identical, and the structure of the clearance seal of dividing plate 64 and gasket seal 129 being got up with lubricating grease or bonding agent.
In addition, following a kind of scheme that guarantees gas tightness has also been proposed in recent years, promptly, as shown in figure 17, in MEA70, make resin 131 infiltrate the part that sealing must be arranged in advance with sealing effectiveness, and it is solidified, with the gas tightness between assurance and the dividing plate.
In the outside of MEA, dispose its mechanical fixation and conducting diaphragm 64 that the mutual connected in electrical series of adjacent MEA70 is used.In the part that contacts with MEA70 of dividing plate 64, be formed with to the surface of electrode 69 fueling gas and oxidant gas and transport gas that reaction generates and gas flow 65 that residual gas is used respectively.Gas flow 65 also can be arranged with dividing plate in 64 minutes, but general as Figure 10 and Figure 15-shown in Figure 17, employing is provided with the mode of groove as gas flow 65 on the surface of dividing plate 64.
A lot of fuel cells adopt a plurality of stacked stepped constructions of single battery.In order to work as fuel cell operation the time, be discharged to outside the battery with the produced simultaneously heat of electricity, in per 1 to 2 monocell, dispose coldplate.As coldplate, generally be to run through the such structure of thermal medium that flows through cooling water etc. in thin metallic plate inside.Thus, make battery temperature keep certain in, the heat energy that is produced with the form utilization of warm water etc.
In addition, it is to form runner on the face of promptly desiring cooling water is flow through at the back side of the dividing plate 64 that constitutes single battery that a kind of method is also arranged, and makes the function of dividing plate 64 tool coldplates own.At this moment, in order to seal the thermal medium of cooling water etc., also essential O type circle and gasket seal.But adopt such sealing means, must make the complete packing of O type circle etc., guarantee that coldplate has sufficient conductivity between the upper and lower.
In such layer-built battery, must have be called as shunt to the fuel gas of each single battery and the supply tap of cooling water.Difference because of the configuration of these shunts can be divided into internal shunt type and external shunt type two classes.
Generally be that the supply tap of fuel gas and cooling water is guaranteed so-called internal shunt type in layer-built battery inside.But when operation acted as a fuel the battery that gas uses with the town gas behind the upgrading, at the downstream area of fuel gas runner, CO concentration rose.Therefore, electrode may be poisoned because of CO, and temperature descends, and can further promote electrode to poison.In order to slow down the decline of such battery performance, that the connector of the supply discharge portion of gas that will be from shunt to each single battery is made is big as far as possible, external shunt type structure is re-recognized.
No matter being to use the internal shunt type still is the external shunt type, all is that a plurality of single batteries that contain cooling end are stacked along a direction, disposes a pair of end plate at its two ends, and must be with connecting rod with fixing between the end plate.When fastening, preferably can be fastening as far as possible equably to the face of single battery.In other words, the whole lamination surface to layer-built battery preferably can apply uniform fastening force.Therefore, consider that end plate and connecting rod generally use the metal material of stainless steel etc. from the mechanical strength angle.Make these end plates and connecting rod by insulation board and layer-built battery electric insulation, electric current can not escape to outside structure by end plate.As connecting rod, the scheme that has proposed has among the through hole that makes bar run through dividing plate inside, perhaps, in its end along stacked direction with tie tight the method for whole layer-built battery of metal tape.
In addition, in Figure 15, Figure 16 and arbitrary sealing means shown in Figure 17, for keep sealing and reduce electrode and dividing plate between and the mutual contact resistance of dividing plate, the pressure of tying tight that must be stable.Therefore, adopt the structure of between connecting rod and end plate, inserting helical spring or disk spring etc.Utilize this pressure of tying tight, guarantee electrically contacting between the component parts of batteries such as dividing plate, electrode, dielectric film.
In addition, make layer-built battery stablize the performance function, supply with fuel gas, oxidant gas and the cooling water of single battery and must distribute to single battery equably respectively.Generally speaking, the shunt sectional area of increase supplying with that each fluid flow through reduces each fluid flow velocity in shunt, and the influence that the barometric gradient that the dynamic pressure because of fluid is caused is brought reduces.But,, then must reduce the sectional area of shunt as far as possible if want to realize the miniaturization and of fuel cell.
In addition, always, the electricity that layer-built battery produces is by the collector plate current collection, and outputs to the external equipment that is connected its end.Also having, when using the part of collector plate to protrude from the layer-built battery of collector plate of the such shape of layer-built battery gabarit, is to be connected with external equipment from this projection.Therefore, being electrically connected the position is than the layer-built battery gabarit shape of more outside protrusion also.That is, have cell integrated maximization, or equipment loads the low such problem of free love degree.
Therefore, the objective of the invention is to, solve aforesaid problem, provide a kind of small-sized light weight and equipment to load the high polymer electrolyte fuel cells of free love degree.
The present invention relates to a kind of single battery be clipped a plurality of polymer electrolyte fuel cells that layer-built battery constituted that are laminated of conducting diaphragm, described single battery has solid polyelectrolyte membrane, clips described solid polyelectrolyte membrane and the pair of electrodes of catalyst reaction layer is arranged and supplies with fuel gas that contains hydrogen and device from the oxidant gas that contains oxygen to another described electrode that supply with to one of described electrode.Fuel cell of the present invention is characterised in that, single battery with the end among the described layer-built battery plays till the single battery of the other end, by its lamination order, the supply shunt that distributes fueling gas, oxidant gas and cooling water respectively, and, by its lamination order, discharge the discharge shunt of described fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water from the single battery of described the other end respectively.
In addition, described fuel cell has the end plate that applies the pressure of tying tight in described layer-built battery both ends of the surface along stacked direction to described single battery, the part of collector plate of carrying out the current collection of described single battery runs through described end plate, has preferably clamped insulating element between described collector plate and described end plate.
In addition, described supply is with shunt and discharge with shunt in the side of described layer-built battery preferably along the stacked direction configured in parallel of single battery.
In addition, described supply diminishes with the sectional area of shunt trend downstream, and described discharge is greatly effective with the sectional area trend downstream change of shunt.
In addition, described discharge is configured in the periphery of described layer-built battery with shunt, has each single battery is compressed mutually, reduces get an electric shock the indirectly effect of resistance of described single battery, is desirable.
At described end plate place, that the passage of described fuel gas, described oxidant gas and cooling water is more effective along the direction configuration vertical with the stacked direction of described single battery.
Also have, the present invention relates to contain the polymer electrolyte fuel cells that each passage of a plurality of described layer-built batteries, the fuel gas of being located at the end plate of each layer-built battery, oxidant gas and cooling water connects by fluid seal mechanism.
Have again, the present invention relates to contain a plurality of described layer-built batteries, each layer-built battery by having the polymer electrolyte fuel cells that described layer-built battery fueling gas, oxidant gas and cooling water are connected with the container of each passage.
The present invention relates to a kind of method to set up of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, this polymer electrolyte fuel cells constitutes the layer-built battery that a plurality of single batteries are laminated by clipping conducting diaphragm, described single battery has solid polyelectrolyte membrane, clips described solid polyelectrolyte membrane and has the pair of electrodes of catalyst reaction layer and supplies with fuel gas that contains hydrogen and device from the oxidant gas that contains oxygen to another electrode that supply with to one of described electrode, and the center of gravity of described fuel cell is arranged on the most close face place that is provided with.。
Figure 1 shows that the general principal view of the fuel cell of the present invention's one example.
Figure 2 shows that the approximate vertical view of fuel cell shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows that along the general profile chart of the X-Y line among Fig. 2.
Figure 4 shows that the approximate three-dimensional map of the fuel cell of the present invention's one example.
Figure 5 shows that along the diagrammatic cross-sectional fragmentary of the P-Q line among Fig. 4.
Figure 6 shows that the summary side elevation that the fuel cell of the present invention that the end plate collocation method uses is shown.
Figure 7 shows that the vertical view of fuel cell shown in Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows that the summary side elevation that the fuel cell of the present invention that another collocation method of end plate uses is shown.
Figure 9 shows that the approximate vertical view of fuel cell shown in Figure 8.
Figure 10 shows that the approximate three-dimensional map of the single battery duplexer that two single batteries constitute.
Figure 11 shows that the approximate three-dimensional map of the fuel cell of making among the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Figure 12 shows that the approximate three-dimensional map of the fuel cell of making among the embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Figure 13 shows that the approximate three-dimensional map of used dividing plate among the embodiment 3.
Figure 14 is the figure that the relation of the pyroconductivity of shunt in the fuel cell of making among the embodiment 5 and the stability that battery is exported is shown.
Figure 15 shows that the summary partial, longitudinal cross-sectional of the layer-built battery that explanation conventional seals method is used.
Figure 16 shows that the summary partial, longitudinal cross-sectional of the layer-built battery that another conventional seals method of explanation is used.
Figure 17 shows that the summary partial, longitudinal cross-sectional of the layer-built battery that the another conventional seals method of explanation is used.
The present invention relates to a kind ofly single battery is clipped a plurality of layer-built batteries that are laminated of conducting diaphragm consist of Polymer electrolyte fuel cells, described single battery has solid polyelectrolyte membrane, clips institute State solid polyelectrolyte membrane and the pair of electrodes of catalyst reaction layer is arranged and supply to one of described electrode Give the fuel gas that contains hydrogen and device from the oxidant gas that contains oxygen to another described electrode that supply with. This The fuel cell of invention is characterised in that to have the single battery of the end among the described layer-built battery Till the single battery of the other end, by its lamination order, distribute respectively feed fuels gas, oxidant The supply current divider of gas and cooling water, and, stacked by it from the single battery of described the other end Discharge in proper order, respectively the discharge current divider of described fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water.
In addition, no matter fuel cell of the present invention is that external shunt device or internal shunt device can adopt.
At first, use the fuel cell of the present invention of external shunt device with reference to description of drawings.Figure 1 shows that the general principal view of the fuel cell of the present invention's one example.Fuel cell shown in Figure 1 is provided with the supply shunt 2 that distributes fueling gas, oxidant gas and cooling water along stacked direction respectively in a side of layer-built battery 1.Supply with shunt 2 by this, fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water are from a side of layer-built battery 2, battery from the single battery of the side end that constitutes layer-built battery 1 to the other end distributes fueling gas, oxidant gas and cooling water.
In addition, fuel cell shown in Figure 1 is provided with the discharge shunt 3 of discharging described fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water respectively equally in the another side of layer-built battery 1.Discharge with shunt 3 by this, fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water are discharged from the another side (not disposing the side of described supply with shunt 2) of layer-built battery 1.Discharge with shunt 3 and will discharge from this from fuel gas, oxidant gas and the cooling water of all single batteries that constitute layer-built battery 1.
And for example shown in Figure 1, about fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling-water flow aspect, the sectional area of supplying with shunt 2 preferably diminishes along with the trend downstream, and the sectional area of discharging with shunt 3 preferably becomes big along with the trend downstream.Adopt the advantage of this spline structure to be, fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water can be distributed to each stacked single battery respectively equably.
As a reference, show the approximate vertical view of fuel cell shown in Figure 1 at Fig. 2 again.
At this, Fig. 3 shows along the general profile chart of X-Y line among Fig. 2.As shown in Figure 3, in fuel cell of the present invention,, be provided with the end plate 5 that described single battery is applied the pressure of tying tight at stacked direction in the both ends of the surface of described layer-built battery 1.A part of described single battery being carried out the collector plate 6 of current collection runs through described end plate 5, and it is better to clamp 7 of insulating elements between described collector plate 6 and described end plate 5.For example as shown in Figure 3, from the stacked direction of collector plate 6, prolong current collection parts 8 as the part of collector plate 6 to layer-built battery 1.And adopt current collection parts 8 to penetrate the structure of end plate 5 through above-mentioned insulating element 7.
Constitute the structure of carrying out current collection with the current collection parts after such prolongation 8, just can with fuel cell of the present invention in the scope that does not exceed layer-built battery 1 gabarit, be electrically connected with external equipment.That is, adopt the present invention, fuel cell itself can reach miniaturization, and can improve the degree of freedom when being loaded into various device.
In addition as shown in Figure 3, the upper part at layer-built battery 1 is provided with metallic plate 4.This metallic plate 4 works to prevent layer-built battery 1 distortion and distortion with supplying with shunt 2 and discharging with shunt 3.
In Fig. 3,, be provided with for example accessory plate 9 of flat spring etc. in addition on the more top of above-mentioned end plate 5.This accessory plate 9 preferably uses flat spring.Tighten and hold out against screw if pass described metallic plate 4, accessory plate 9 and connecting band 10 are just tied each single battery in the layer-built battery 1 tight mutually.
In fuel cell of the present invention, preferably do not use in order to reduce traditional fluid uniform distribution method that the barometric gradient that produces because of the dynamic pressure of fluid increases the shunt sectional area.The substitute is, each fluid (fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water) is supplied with the supply shunt 2 that disposes along stacked direction in the side of layer-built battery 1.Like this, each fluid is flowed into from the single battery that is positioned at the stacked direction end of layer-built battery 1, and will discharge with shunt 3 from discharge in the side of layer-built battery 1 by the described fluid behind each single battery along the stacked direction configuration.That is, fuel cell of the present invention preferably adopts in the side of layer-built battery 1, inflow direction with discharge direction and make the fluid uniform distribution method of relative structure.Just, preferably with described supply with shunt and discharge with shunt in the side of described layer-built battery the stacked direction configured in parallel along single battery.
In other words, in fuel cell of the present invention, the layer-built battery that a plurality of single batteries are laminated moves the stacked direction end inflow of each fluid of necessary fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water etc. from layer-built battery.And make by each fluid behind each single battery towards flowing out in the opposite direction with the side that flows into layer-built battery.
Therefore, each fluid is changed by the flow channel length of each single battery.Like this, make barometric gradient that in each fluid, produces because of dynamic pressure and the pressure loss balance that in each fluid, produces because of the flow channel length variation, become possibility thereby evenly supply with each fluid to each single battery.This adjusting because of the barometric gradient that dynamic pressure causes can be undertaken by reducing the shunt sectional area, so have the advantage of the fuel cell that can obtain light weight and small-scale structure.The advantage that also has the heat that the electrochemical reaction of the single battery in the running of emitting produces in addition.
Have again, in the present invention, not only in the layer-built battery side, also can be as shown in Figure 4, around the periphery configuration shunt of layer-built battery 1.That is,, also can dispose the connection member 12 that connects these two shunts except supplying with shunt 10 and discharging with the shunt 11.Like this, shunt itself as link, just can be reduced essential component count.In addition, also can reduce contact resistance between single battery.Fig. 4 is the approximate three-dimensional map of the fuel cell of the present invention's one example.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-sectional fragmentary along the P-Q line among Fig. 4.As Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5, connection member 12 is provided with hole 12c.Hole 12c is inverted cone-shaped, and 12b is inserted in bolt 12a in the 12c of hole by chess piece shape retainer ring.Simultaneously, be provided with the screw that screws in bolt 12a in supply with shunt 10 and on discharging with shunt 11.Therefore, in case the 12a that tights a bolt, because chess piece shape retainer ring 12b, connection member 12 just is subjected to the power of the direction of arrow.Consequently, use shunt 10 and discharge with shunt 11 and connection member 12 owing to supply with, layer-built battery 1 is closely tied tight.In addition, 10a among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 and 11a are seals.Again, in Fig. 4, the bolt 12a in the connection member 12 of bottom has omitted.
Described supply also can constitute with elastomer with shunt with shunt and discharge.Like this, can absorb the creep of thickness of the stacked direction of layer-built battery, and absorb the layer-built battery side that contacts with sealing surface concavo-convex of external shunt device, can improve the sealing reliability of external shunt device.
In addition, in fuel cell of the present invention, described supply has flange shape shape with the shunt and the air seal mask of discharging with shunt, the ring-type framework is entrenched on the flange surface, by framework is tied tight to the battery direction, carry out the sealing of described shunt, more suitable like this.
In addition, in fuel cell of the present invention, the electrode tip of each single battery arrives the side surface of layer-built battery.Therefore, by cover the side of layer-built battery with the bubble-tight non-conductive material of gas, it is more suitable to come electrode and dividing plate additional gas sealing.Also have, it is more suitable to constitute shunt with the bubble-tight non-conductive material of described gas.This be because, if do like this, the sealing surface of external shunt device is identical with the material of the side of the layer-built battery that contacts with the sealing face, even the external shunt device engages with layer-built battery, the joint performance can be do not influenced yet, the reliability of the sealing of external shunt device can be improved because of the difference of thermal coefficient of expansion.
Especially, as the joint method of aforesaid shunt and the bubble-tight non-conductive material of gas, use ultrasonic bonding more suitable.Because can make the side positive engagement of sealing surface with the layer-built battery that contacts with sealing surface of external shunt device like this, can improve the reliability of the sealing of external shunt device.
Have, the bubble-tight non-conductive material of gas can be applied to the side of layer-built battery accurately by the moulding with injection molded method etc., can improve the reliability of the sealing of external shunt device again.
Especially, by with injection molded method etc. with shunt with to be configured in the bubble-tight non-conductive material of gas of layer-built battery side one-body molded, externally do not have the composition surface between the side of shunt and layer-built battery, can improve the reliability of the sealing of external shunt device.
And, by adopting resin or rubber, can guarantee electric insulating quality as the bubble-tight non-conductive material of gas.In addition,, can absorb the thickness creep on the stacked battery stack direction, and the side of the layer-built battery that joins of the sealing surface of absorption and external shunt device is concavo-convex, the sealing reliability of raising integral body using the occasion of rubber.
Then further describe the end plate that is configured in described layer-built battery.
In fuel cell of the present invention, each passage that is necessary to supply with fuel gas, oxidant gas and the cooling water of described layer-built battery is preferably in described end plate place, the relatively direction of tying tight of the layer-built battery direction configuration that meets at right angles.By connecting layer-built battery with such end plate, a plurality of identical shaped layer-built batteries are engaged continuously, can obtain to contain the fuel cell of a plurality of layer-built batteries.In addition, can easily be contained on the various device,, also can reduce cost because can use identical shaped layer-built battery.
At this, the end plate among the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing.
Fig. 6 is the summary side elevation that the fuel cell of the present invention that the end plate collocation method uses is shown.As shown in Figure 6,, dispose the insulation board 22 that metal collector plate 21 and electrical insulating material constitute respectively successively for example at the two ends of the layer-built battery 20 that 50 single batteries are laminated, and at its outside configuration end plate 23.And the approximate vertical view of fuel cell as shown in Figure 6 is promptly shown in Figure 7, is connected end plate 23 with nut with the bolt 24 that runs through this layer-built battery 20, makes a fuel cell.
On end plate 23, with the direction of the stacked direction quadrature of layer-built battery 20, be respectively equipped with each passage of fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water.That is, each passage that configuration enters and goes out from the A2 side from the A1 side on an end plate, and each passage that configuration enters and goes out from the B2 side from the B1 side on another end plate.And these each passages communicate with the gateway of the runner of the gas of being located at the dividing plate that constitutes each single battery and cooling water.
Therefore, when 1 of fuel cell shown in Figure 6 was generated electricity separately, the inlet of each gas and cooling water was made as A1, and outlet is made as B2.Stop up A2 and B1, just can supply with each gas and cooling water side by side each single battery.In addition, during with a plurality of connection of fuel cell shown in Figure 6, as long as A1 and B1 are communicated with the A2 and the B2 of adjacent respectively fuel cell.
Another example of the collocation method of end plate of the present invention is shown in Figure 8.Fig. 9 is the approximate vertical view of fuel cell shown in Figure 8.
As shown in Figure 8, config set electroplax 31 and insulation board 32 successively at the two ends of layer-built battery 30 are at its outside configuration end plate 33.And as shown in Figure 9, end plate 33 is connected into a fuel cell with the bolt 53 and the nut that run through this layer-built battery 30.On end plate 33, with shown in Figure 6 identical, with the direction of the stacked direction quadrature of layer-built battery 30, be provided with each passage of fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water.
In addition, Fig. 8 and fuel cell shown in Figure 9 comprise 3 layer-built batteries 30, connect into the state that each passage of its end plate 33 communicates.Promptly, for example connector 34 is bonded on the top and the bottom of end plate 33 by welding, with bolt 35 and nut 36 these connectors are interconnected again, and, between end plate 33, sandwich the seal 37 that is provided with the hole that communicates with oxidant gas and cooling-water duct, like this, just can prevent gas and leakage of cooling water.In addition, the 54th, fuel cell is fixed on the pedestal of using on the face of setting.
In Fig. 8 and fuel cell shown in Figure 9, connecting 3 fuel cells.Therefore, the present invention also relates to contain and clip conducting diaphragm is connected each passage of a plurality of layer-built batteries that are laminated of single battery, the fuel gas of being located at each layer-built battery end plate, oxidant gas and cooling water through liquid seal mechanism polymer electrolyte fuel cell, described single battery has solid polyelectrolyte membrane, clip described solid polyelectrolyte membrane setting and the pair of electrodes of catalyst reaction layer is arranged, and supply with fuel gas that contains hydrogen and means from the oxidant gas that contains oxygen to another electrode that supply with to one of described electrode.
In fuel cell shown in Figure 8, be positioned on the passage of an end plate 33 of layer-built battery of left end, connecting the pipe 40,41 and 42 that is communicated with the supply source of gas or cooling water, on the passage of another end plate 33, pushing seal 38 with side panel 39, with channel seal.In addition, on the passage of an end plate 33 of fuel cell right-hand member, pushing the seal 38 that seals usefulness with side panel 39, on the passage of another end plate, the discharge that is connecting gas or cooling water is with pipe 50,51 and 52.Like this, fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water are with regard to the single battery of each layer-built battery of energy fueling battery arranged side by side.
In addition, the jockey as connecting end plate 33 usefulness except above-mentioned bolt, nut, also can use and for example stop up filler member, rivet, clip etc.Flow out in order to prevent each fluid this moment as shown in Figure 8, and the seal by for example O type circle etc. utilizes the another side sealing of side panel 39 with end plate 33.
Fig. 8 and fuel cell of the present invention shown in Figure 9 are because couple together use with the layer-built battery of identical size is a plurality of, so the cost can reduce a large amount of production the time.In addition, because the end plate that will have each passage of fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water is connected, the feedway configuration of each fluid is compact, can be contained on the various device and loads advantage easily so have.
In addition, Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9 be the structure that a plurality of layer-built batteries is connected with the end plate that is provided with gas and cooling-water duct, but the invention is not restricted to use end plate, also can utilize the container that is provided with gas and cooling-water duct that a plurality of layer-built batteries are connected.That is, the present invention also relates to contain a plurality of described layer-built batteries, and utilization has to each layer-built battery fueling gas, oxidant gas and the cooling water container with each passage, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell that each layer-built battery is connected.Adopt the present invention, can freely select the linking number of layer-built battery by purposes.
In the example of the invention described above, the stacked direction of single battery is with that face is set is parallel, and the cell apparatus of certain stacked number connects at transverse direction.Therefore, the most close face that is provided with of the center of gravity of the fuel cell that is obtained.Fuel cell is set like this, makes its center of gravity, when being contained on the various device, just can effectively guarantee the space near ground plane.In addition, the structure of single battery also is preferably made the shape of horizontal length.
Following with reference to the description of drawings embodiments of the invention.
The carbon dust of particle diameter below number μ m is immersed in the platinum chloride acid solution, handles making the carbon dust surface be loaded with platinum catalyst by reduction.Order carbon at this moment is 1: 1 with the weight ratio of the platinum that is loaded with.Then, the carbon dust that is loaded with this platinum is dispersed in the ethanolic solution of polyelectrolyte, becomes slurry.
On the other hand, the thickness that will become electrode be the carbon paper of 400 μ m be immersed in fluororesin water-borne dispersions (the fluon ND-1 interior difficult to understand of daikin Industrial Co., Ltd system) in, then, make the carbon paper drying, with 400 ℃ of heat treated of carrying out 30 minutes, make it have hydrophobicity.Then as shown in figure 10,, form catalyst layer 62, obtain electrode 69 on a face of the carbon paper of hydrophobic treatment, evenly coating the slurry that contains carbon dust.
The pair of electrodes 69 that obtains is overlapped on two faces of polyelectrolyte membrane 63, and make its face mutually opposed with polyelectrolyte membrane 63 respectively, make its drying then and acquisition MEA70 with catalyst layer 62.At this, silicon rubber take place to leak as the gas that prevents the fueling battery or mutually the gasket seal of mixed usefulness work.
Clamp MEA70 with having dividing plate 64 that bubble-tight carbon makes from two faces of the MEA70 that obtained, form single battery.
Dividing plate 64 thickness are 4mm, and the gas flow 65 of wide 2mm, dark 1mm is carved with on its surface through cut.And, dispose the shunt hole 66 of gas and the shunt hole 67 of cooling water at its peripheral part.In addition, when sandwiching MEA70 with dividing plate, dispose gasket seal 68 around electrode 69, sealing pad 68 is pasted the EPDM sheet and is made on two faces of PETG (PET) sheet of the dividing plate 64 identical appearance sizes made from carbon.
With 2 groups of such single batteries stacked after, the dividing plate 64 that is provided with the coolant flow channel that flows through cooling water is mutually stacked.So just obtain the single battery duplexer.In addition, O type circle is not used in the sealing of coolant flow channel.
The single battery duplexer that is made of two single batteries that obtains is a plurality of stacked, be assembled into fuel cell as shown in figure 11.At first, 25 of single battery duplexers same as described above (i.e. 50 single batteries) is stacked, dispose insulation board 71 and the end plate 72 that metal collector plate 70, insulating material constitute in its both ends of the surface again.Then, two end plates 72 is connected, the layer-built battery that is clipped between the two end plates is fixed with connecting rod 73.
Fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water or other fluid fuel gas supply pipe 74, oxidant gas supply pipe 75 and the cooling water supply pipe 76 from the end plate 72 of being located at the top respectively is along direction of arrow fueling battery among the figure.These supply pipes 74,75 and 76 are connected with each shunt hole (not shown) of layer-built battery.The shunt hole of each fluid is along with the trend below, and its sectional area diminishes gradually.
, be discharged to outside the battery from fuel gas discharge pipe 77, oxidant gas discharge pipe 78 and cooling water discharge pipe 79 by each fluid after in the layer-built battery along the direction of arrow among the figure.At this, the shunt hole (not shown) of each fluid that is connected with each discharge pipe 77,78 and 79 is along with its sectional area of trend top becomes big gradually.
Like this, from the inflow side shunt by each fluid behind each single battery and each coldplate again by the outflow side shunt, the end plate side that flows into from each fluid is discharged to outside the battery.
By taking aforesaid structure, the flow channel length of each fluid by each single battery is changed.Like this, just can make because of the barometric gradient of dynamic pressure that each fluid produces and flow channel length change the pressure loss that produces and balance each other, just can equably each fluid be supplied with each single battery.Also have, because make the shunt sectional area reduce to regulate the barometric gradient of dynamic pressure, so can reduce overall dimension.Therefore can make the fuel cell of light weight compactness.
Use used identical 50 layer-built batteries that are laminated of single battery duplexer that constitute by two single batteries, be assembled into fuel cell shown in Figure 3 with embodiment 1.
The collector plate 6 of overlapped metal system and insulation board 7 on two lamination surface of layer-built battery 1 are again at its surperficial overlapping end plate 5.A pair of end plate 5 has recess respectively at its sidepiece.Connecting band 10 is blocked at this recess, layer-built battery 1 is fixing.Insulation board 7 and end plate 5 are respectively equipped with through hole (not shown), and a pair of current collection parts 8 pass this hole and install.Current collection parts 8 tops and collector plate 6 conductings are worked as lead-out terminal.In addition, current collection parts 8 and end plate 5 are by the electrical apparatus insulation insulated with material.Insulating material and insulation board 7 all-in-one-pieces that this end plate 5 and current collection parts 8 are insulated also have identical effect.
Adopt such structure, when from layer-built battery taking-up electric energy, can prevent that the connector that connects layer-built battery and equipment from protruding from the layer-built battery gabarit.That is, can obtain the fuel cell of small compact, improve the degree of freedom when being contained on the various device.
Comparative example 1 and embodiment 3 below are described.
The carbon dust of particle diameter below number μ m is immersed in the platinum chloride acid solution, handles making the carbon dust surface be loaded with platinum catalyst by reduction.Order carbon at this moment is 1: 1 with the weight ratio of the platinum that is loaded with.Then, the carbon dust that is loaded with this platinum is dispersed in the ethanolic solution of polyelectrolyte, becomes slurry.
On the other hand, the thickness that will become electrode is in the carbon paper of the 400 μ m water-borne dispersions that is immersed in fluororesin (the fluon ND-1 interior difficult to understand that daikin Industrial Co., Ltd produces), then, makes the carbon paper drying, with 400 ℃ of heat treated of carrying out 30 minutes, make carbon paper have hydrophobicity.Then, form catalyst layer 62, obtain electrode 69 on a face of the carbon paper of hydrophobic treatment, evenly coating the slurry that contains carbon dust.
With the electrode 69 that obtains as mentioned above, the single battery duplexer that assembling 2 single batteries as shown in figure 10 constitute.
It all is 10cm that the electrode 69 that obtains is cut into length and width.Then, two plate electrodes 69 are overlapped on two faces of polyelectrolyte membrane 63 that length and width are 12cm, and the face with catalyst layer 69 that makes two electrodes and polyelectrolyte membrane 63 are mutually opposed and be positioned at the central authorities of polyelectrolyte membrane 63.Around electrode 69, clip the thick silicone rubber plate of the polyelectrolyte membrane 63 about 350 μ m of configuration.Then, with 100 ℃ of hot pressing of carrying out 5 minutes, obtain MEA70.At this, silicon rubber is as preventing that the gasket seal of supplying with the gas leakage of battery or mixing usefulness mutually from working.
The a pair of MEA70 and the dividing plate 64 that obtain is alternately overlapping.Dividing plate 64 is that carbon is made, and thick 4mm has air-tightness.And, be formed with the gas flow 65 of the dark 1mm of wide 2mm through cut on its surface that contacts with MEA70.In addition, at the peripheral part of dividing plate 64, positive and negative is formed through the shunt hole 66 of fuel gas or oxidant gas.Again, shunt hole 66 communicates with the end of gas flow 65.In addition, the shunt hole 67 that makes cooling water circulation usefulness equally too positive and negative be penetratingly formed on the dividing plate 64.
In addition, when sandwiching MEA70 with dividing plate 64, the sheet 68 that the PETG (PET) of configuration and dividing plate 64 identical appearance sizes is made around electrode 69.This PET sheet 68 is as the pad of 63 of the dividing plate 64 of MEA70 peripheral part and polyelectrolyte membranes.In addition, do not use O type circle in the sealing of coolant flow channel.
With 25 of such single battery duplexers, promptly 50 single batteries are stacked, stack gradually metal collector plate, insulation board and end plate respectively at both ends and obtain layer-built battery.Then, with connecting rod the two end plates of this layer-built battery being connected fixes layer-built battery, with this fuel cell (comparative example 1) as a comparison.The connection pressure of this moment is 10kgf/cm for the dividing plate area
2The fuel cell that constitutes to these 50 single batteries feeds fuel gas and cooling water, but spills between the slot of PET sheet and dividing plate, fails to bring into play battery performance.
Therefore, in the battery of present embodiment, not adopting internal shunt device mode, and replace with external shunt device mode, is the long limit configured in parallel of layer-built battery overall dimension with the length direction of it and layer-built battery.Figure 12 illustrates the approximate three-dimensional map of the fuel cell of such acquisition.
Sandwich the MEA70 that obtains between dividing plate 64a shown in Figure 13 and the 64b respectively and dividing plate 64b and 64c between, obtain the single battery duplexer.Dividing plate 64a, 64b and 64c all are plates that the carbon of thick 4mm is made, and have air-tightness.Be formed with gas flow 65 or coolant flow channel 101 on its surface.
As shown in figure 13, at the upper surface of dividing plate 64a and the lower surface of dividing plate 64c, be formed with coolant flow channel 101 respectively.The supply outlet 96 of coolant flow channel 101 is at the lateral opening of dividing plate 64a and 64c.At two faces of the lower surface of dividing plate 64a, 64b and the upper surface of 64c, be formed with the general gas flow of fuel gas or oxidant gas stream 65.Gas flow 65 forms by cut, the dark 1mm of its wide 2mm.The supply outlet 94 and 95 of the gas flow 65 of fuel gas and the oxidant gas also supply outlet 96 with cooling water is the same, is opened in the side of each dividing plate.Dividing plate 64a-64c is not provided with the shunt of internal shunt device mode, only disposes gas flow 65 or coolant flow channel 101 on whole.The supply port of gas flow 65 and outlet are on a pair of supply outlet 94 or 95 limits that are configured in relative to each other.In addition, during stacked single battery, supply outlet 94, the supply outlet 95 of air and the supply outlet 96 of cooling water of configuration hydrogen will make the external shunt device be positioned at relative side.
In the present embodiment, do not use the PET sheet, make the carbon paper that is formed with catalyst reaction layer 62 identical overall dimension be arranged, make the battery that electrode tip when stacked reaches the battery side structure with the carbon dividing plate.The form of stacked cooling end on the single battery duplexer after 2 of single batteries is stacked has assembled out the layer-built battery of 50 single batteries stacked.Do not use O type circle in the sealing of cooling end.Because be external shunt device mode, so the supply outlet of fluid needn't be set on collector plate, insulation board and end plate.The connecting rod portion of layer-built battery connection usefulness is located at the side of the supply outlet that does not offer gas.
Then, be used as the side surface of the phenolic resins covering layer-built battery of encapsulant.At this moment, the supply outlet 94,95 of gas and the supply outlet 96 of cooling water stop up without encapsulant.In addition, the part coating phenolic resins that contacts with the sealing surface of external shunt device will be noted obtaining the level and smooth face of trying one's best.
Then as shown in figure 12, with the length direction configuration of the semicircle tubular external shunt device 87 of SUS system, will respectively line up the supply outlet 94 of the fuel gas of row, the supply outlet 95 of oxidant gas and the supply outlet 96 of cooling water from the layer-built battery side and cover along layer-built battery 1.In addition, external shunt device 87 usefulness end plate portion screws 88 are fixing.In addition, external shunt device 87 and cover shunt sealing 89 between the seal of layer-built battery 1 side surface is that the shape that the EPDM sheet that will have separated foam cuts into the external shunt device sealing surface of regulation forms.
The layer-built battery that these 50 single batteries are constituted feeds hydrogen and air, makes the cooling water circulation, carries out battery testing.Under the condition of hydrogen utilization ratio 70%, oxygen utilization rate 20%, 85 ℃ of hydrogen humidification nucleation temperatures, 75 ℃ of oxygen humidification nucleation temperatures, 75 ℃ of battery temperatures, battery is output as 1020W (30A-35V).Gas leakage to external shunt device sealing is also measured, but fails to detect leakage, has obtained good sealing property as can be known.
In this embodiment, by at the whole side of fuel cell configuration encapsulant, just can easily realize the employed external shunt device of the fuel cell mode of fused carbonate type always etc.
In addition, if adopt the structure shown in the present embodiment, shunt portion and layer-built battery portion can make respectively.Therefore, for example can not consider the purposes and the output scale of fuel cell, the single battery duplexer that a large amount of standardized production are made of identical shaped dividing plate and MEA.In addition, can reach the reduction of cost according to purposes and output scale manufacturing shunt part.
In the present embodiment, play the supply of same function at shunt and use outside the shunt 11 with shunt 10 and discharge with embodiment 3, more as shown in Figure 5, at the periphery configuration connection member 12 of layer-built battery 1.Like this,, just can reduce the contact resistance between single battery, can reduce the part number by the single battery in the layer-built battery 1 is compressed mutually.In addition, the formation of the battery of present embodiment is except the method to set up of gas diverter, and all the battery with embodiment 3 is identical.
Use the condition identical with embodiment 3 to estimate to the fuel cell of this formation, the result obtains the output of 1200W (30A-40V).From this as can be known, the fuel cell of present embodiment is than the battery of embodiment 3 and use the battery of pad such as PET sheet to demonstrate higher performance.Its reason may be, by shunt being configured in the periphery of layer-built battery, and single battery compressed mutually, reduced the contact resistance between single battery.
In the present embodiment, to the fuel cell of embodiment 4 identical formations, when environment changed, shunt was estimated the influence of the stability of battery output characteristic.
In the present embodiment, to embodiment 4 employed batteries, make supply shown in Figure 5 with shunt 10, discharge with shunt 11 and connection erection space and change with shunt 12.In addition, change the material of shunt, the pyroconductivity of shunt and the stability relation of battery output are estimated.Figure 14 shows this result.
In Figure 14, the longitudinal axis is represented the power output of battery component, and transverse axis is represented running time.At this so-called area, be the area % that lateral area that the layer-built battery of shunt will be installed is made as 100 o'clock shunt.In addition, " SUS " among the figure, the situation the when shunt of the SUS identical with embodiment 4 is used in expression, and the situation the during copper that " Ni/Cu " expression use was plated with nickel.
In the performance evaluation of battery, hydrogen and air are fed fuel cell, make cooling water circulation carrying out battery testing.At this moment, condition enactment is a hydrogen utilance 70%, coefficient of oxygen utilization 20%, 85 ℃ of hydrogen humidification nucleation temperatures, 75 ℃ of oxygen humidification nucleation temperatures.In addition, adopt fuel cell after being provided with 12 hours under 5 ℃ the temperature atmosphere, 12 hours environmental change circulation is set under 40 ℃ temperature atmosphere again.The temperature of cooling water is set at the temperature temperature of outside atmosphere synchronous, be respectively 5 ℃ 12 hours, 25 ℃ 12 hours.
Its result, in the test that the ambient temperature that fuel cell is set changes, the area of shunt is big more, and long-time stability are good more.In addition, the copper that its material was plated with the good nickel of heat conductivity becomes, than SUS make good.Its reason be because, during the external environment condition higher temperatures, shunt has played thermolysis.
The carbon dust of particle diameter below number μ m is immersed in the platinum chloride acid solution, handles making the carbon dust surface be loaded with platinum catalyst by reduction.Order carbon at this moment is 1: 1 with the weight ratio of the platinum that is loaded with.Then, the carbon dust that is loaded with this platinum is dispersed in the ethanolic solution of polyelectrolyte, becomes slurry.On the other hand, the thickness that will become electrode be the carbon paper of 400 μ m be immersed in fluororesin water-borne dispersions (the fluon ND-1 interior difficult to understand of daikin Industrial Co., Ltd system) in again after the drying, with 400 ℃ of heat treatments of carrying out 30 minutes, make it have hydrophobicity.
As shown in figure 10, on a face of the carbon paper electrode after the hydrophobic treatment 61, evenly coat the slurry that contains above-mentioned carbon dust, forming catalyst layer 62.With two carbon paper electrode 61 be formed with catalyst layer face to the inside and clip solid polyelectrolyte membrane 63 overlapping after, make its drying as MEA.Clip this MEA and constitute single battery with having dividing plate 64 that bubble-tight carbon makes two sides from this MEA.
The thick 4mm of dividing plate, the gas flow 65 of many wide 2mm, dark 1mm is carved with by cut in its surface, and its peripheral part is provided with the shunt hole 66 of gas and the shunt hole 67 of cooling water.In addition, when MEA is sandwiched dividing plate, around electrode 61, dispose gasket seal 68, sealing pad 68 be with two faces of PETG (PET) sheet of carbon system dividing plate identical appearance size on, paste that the sheet of ethylene-propylene-alkadienes ternary copolymer complex (EPDM) forms.
With two such single batteries stacked after, the stacked thereon dividing plate that is formed with the runner of cooling water circulation repeats this process, makes layer-built battery.Between the dividing plate that is provided with the cooling water runner, use sealing O type circle.That is, 50 of the single battery duplexers that two single batteries are formed is stacked, make fuel cell with Figure 6 and Figure 7 structure.
The fuel-device of making so for example is contained in vehicle etc. when going up, in the time of must making collision happens etc. to the damage of fuel cell in Min., guarantee fail safe.Therefore, fuel cell is preferably disposed on personnel and waits under the interior floor of the car of taking, and especially takes the angle in space in the collateral security car and considers, makes the short transverse attenuate of fuel cell very important during installation as far as possible.So in the present embodiment, the position of centre of gravity that makes cell apparatus when being provided with is the face that is provided with of close cell apparatus, can make battery from the height minimum that face is set.
Claims (9)
1. one kind clips a plurality of polymer electrolyte fuel cells that layer-built battery constituted that are laminated of conducting diaphragm with single battery, described single battery has solid polyelectrolyte membrane, clips described solid polyelectrolyte membrane and the pair of electrodes of catalyst reaction layer is arranged and supplies with fuel gas that contains hydrogen and device from the oxidant gas that contains oxygen to another described electrode that supply with to one of described electrode, it is characterized in that having:
The single battery of the end among the described layer-built battery plays till the single battery of the other end, by its lamination order, the supply shunt that distributes fueling gas, oxidant gas and cooling water respectively, and, by its lamination order, discharge the discharge shunt of described fuel gas, oxidant gas and cooling water from the single battery of described the other end respectively.
2. polymer electrolyte fuel cells according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fuel cell has the end plate that applies the pressure of tying tight in described layer-built battery both ends of the surface along stacked direction to described single battery, the part of collector plate of carrying out the current collection of described single battery runs through described end plate, has clamped insulating element between described collector plate and described end plate.
3. polymer electrolyte fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described supply diminishes with the sectional area trend downstream of shunt, and described discharge is big with the sectional area trend downstream change of shunt.
4. polymer electrolyte fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described supply with shunt and discharge with shunt in the side of described layer-built battery the stacked direction configured in parallel along single battery.
5. polymer electrolyte fuel cells according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described supply is with shunt and discharge the periphery that is configured in described layer-built battery with shunt, has each single battery is compressed mutually, reduces the effect that described single battery gets an electric shock indirectly and hinders.
6. polymer electrolyte fuel cells according to claim 3 is characterized in that, at described end plate place, and the direction configuration that the passage edge of described fuel gas, described oxidant gas and cooling water is vertical with the stacked direction of described single battery.
7. polymer electrolyte fuel cells, it is characterized in that, it contains and a plurality of single battery is clipped a plurality of layer-built batteries that are laminated of conducting diaphragm, described single battery has solid polyelectrolyte membrane, clip described solid polyelectrolyte membrane and the pair of electrodes of catalyst reaction layer is arranged, and supply with the fuel gas contain hydrogen and supply with the device of the oxidant gas that contains aerobic to another electrode to one of described electrode, be located at the fuel gas of the end plate of described each layer-built battery, each passage of oxidant gas and cooling water connects by fluid seal mechanism.
8. polymer electrolyte fuel cells according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described each layer-built battery connects described each layer-built battery fueling gas, oxidant gas and the cooling water container with each passage by having.
9. the method to set up of a polymer electrolyte fuel cells, this polymer electrolyte fuel cells is formed the layer-built battery that a plurality of single batteries are laminated by clipping conducting diaphragm, described single battery has solid polyelectrolyte membrane, clip described solid polyelectrolyte membrane and have the pair of electrodes of catalyst reaction layer, and supply with the fuel gas contain hydrogen and device from the oxidant gas that contains oxygen to another electrode that supply with to one of described electrode, it is characterized in that
The center of gravity of described fuel cell is arranged on the most close face place that is provided with.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23476198A JP3580525B2 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 1998-08-20 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| JP234522/1998 | 1998-08-20 | ||
| JP234761/98 | 1998-08-20 | ||
| JP234510/98 | 1998-08-20 | ||
| JP23452298A JP3454722B2 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 1998-08-20 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| JP234761/1998 | 1998-08-20 | ||
| JP234522/98 | 1998-08-20 | ||
| JP234510/1998 | 1998-08-20 | ||
| JP23451098A JP3425086B2 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 1998-08-20 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell, system using the same, and method of installing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1245982A true CN1245982A (en) | 2000-03-01 |
| CN100490240C CN100490240C (en) | 2009-05-20 |
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ID=27332147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB991180577A Expired - Fee Related CN100490240C (en) | 1998-08-20 | 1999-08-18 | Macromolecular electrolyte type fuel cell |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6329093B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0981175B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100490240C (en) |
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- 1999-08-19 US US09/377,651 patent/US6329093B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| US7867665B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2011-01-11 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell stack |
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| CN105027343A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2015-11-04 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell, fluid distribution device for fuel cell, and vehicle provided with fuel cell |
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| CN107302098A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-27 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell pack of fluid distribution pipe cross section gradual change |
| CN111819722A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2020-10-23 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Battery pack and redox flow battery |
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| CN113571728A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-29 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell and internal variable cross-section manifold thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100490240C (en) | 2009-05-20 |
| EP0981175B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
| US6329093B1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
| EP0981175A2 (en) | 2000-02-23 |
| EP0981175A3 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
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