CN1244232C - 用于视频序列压缩的编码方法 - Google Patents

用于视频序列压缩的编码方法 Download PDF

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CN1244232C
CN1244232C CNB018018319A CN01801831A CN1244232C CN 1244232 C CN1244232 C CN 1244232C CN B018018319 A CNB018018319 A CN B018018319A CN 01801831 A CN01801831 A CN 01801831A CN 1244232 C CN1244232 C CN 1244232C
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B·菲尔茨
B·佩斯奎特－波佩斯库
V·博特雷奥
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/2365—Multiplexing of several video streams
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    • H04N19/36—Scalability techniques involving formatting the layers as a function of picture distortion after decoding, e.g. signal-to-noise [SNR] scalability
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    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
    • H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
    • H04N19/513—Processing of motion vectors
    • H04N19/517—Processing of motion vectors by encoding
    • H04N19/52—Processing of motion vectors by encoding by predictive encoding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
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    • H04N19/567—Motion estimation based on rate distortion criteria
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    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
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    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H04N19/615—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding using motion compensated temporal filtering [MCTF]
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    • H04N19/619—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding the transform being operated outside the prediction loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/63—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding using sub-band based transform, e.g. wavelets
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    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于视频序列压缩的编码方法。所述方法使用三维小波变换，基于分层子带编码过程，其中，要编码的子带以保持三维小波变换初始子带结构的顺序进行扫描。根据本发明，通过以下获得时间(相应为空间)可伸缩：对每个时间分辨率级(相应为最高空间分辨率级)进行运动估计，且只对为重构任意指定的时间(空间)分辨率级所需的估计运动矢量的一部分进行编码，并与为其执行运动估计的此指定时间(相应为空间)级的小波系数的编码比特一起放入比特流中，所述比特流中的***在相同时间(相应为空间)级纹理系数的编码前完成。当以低比特率为目标且接收机仅需要减少的帧率或空间分辨率时，编码并发送比特流中所有运动矢量字段是一个缺点，本解决方案可避免此缺点。

Description

用于视频序列压缩的编码方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于视频序列压缩的编码方法，该视频序列划分为帧组且根据称为分层树集合划分(SPIHT)的算法用三维(3D)小波变换分解得到指定数目的对应所述变换分解级的连续分辨率级，所述方法基于一种分层的子带编码过程，从每个帧组的原图象元素(像素)集合中得到变换系数，构成一个分层的金字塔，一个时空方向树中的根由3D小波变换产生的近似子带的图象元素形成，且这些图象元素中每一个的支系由与这些根图象元素定义的图象容量对应的更高子带图象元素形成，此树定义所述分层金字塔内部的时空关系，要编码的子带按照遵守所述树中形成的双亲支系从属关系且保持3D小波变换初始子带结构的顺序相继扫描。
背景技术
在异构网络中传输流视频需要高度可伸缩性能力。这意味着比特流的一些部分无需序列的完全解码就可解码，且被合并用来重构更低空间或时间分辨率(空间/时间可伸缩性)或者更低质量(PSNR可伸缩性)的初始视频信息。可得到所有三种可伸缩类型的适当方法是对经运动补偿的视频序列进行三维(3D)小波分解。
在以前由申请人于2000年5月3日提出的00401216.7号(PHFR000044)欧洲专利申请中，已经描述了具有此特性的纹理编码的简单方法。在那种方法和其它已公布文献(例如，“An embeddedwavelet video coder using three-dimensiona1 set partitioningin hierarchical trees(SPIHT)(使用三维的分层树集合划分的嵌入式小波视频编码器)”，B.Kim与W.A.Pearlman，数据压缩会议DCC’97论文集，Snowbird，UT，USA，1997 3月25-27日第251-260页)中，所有运动矢量字段被编码并在比特流中发送，当以低码率为目标且接收机仅需要减少的帧率或空间分辨率时，这可能成为一个主要缺点。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个目的是提出一种更适于必须获得高度可伸缩性的情况的编码方法。
为此目的，本发明涉及一种诸如描述的介绍部分所定义的编码方法，此外其特征在于，考虑到时间可伸缩，对每个时间分辨率级执行运动估计，通过***到比特流中的标记指示时间分辨率级的起始，只有重构任何指定时间分辨率级别所需要的估计运动矢量被编码并与为其执行运动估计的此指定时间分辨率级小波系数的编码比特一起放入比特流中，对相同时间级的纹理系数编码前将所述运动矢量***所述比特流中。
因而提出的技术解决方案允许仅对与所要求帧率或空间分辨率对应的运动矢量进行编码，而不是发送与所有可能帧率和所有空间分辨率级对应的所有运动矢量。
附图说明
本发明将参考附图，通过示例加以说明，附图如下：
图1示出使用哈尔多分辨率分析对视频信息进行带运动补偿的时间子带分解；
图2表示由三维小波分解产生的空-时子带；
图3示出在比特流中***运动矢量，用于时间可伸缩；
图4表示空-时树由时间驱动扫描得到的比特流结构；
图5是运动矢量的二进制表示及其从最低到最高分辨率的渐进传输；
图6表示在所提议的可伸缩方法中运动矢量的比特流构造。
具体实施方式
视频序列的时间子带分解示于图1。如图示，对附注F1到F8的一组帧(GOF)应用带运动补偿的3D小波分解。在此3D子带分解方案中，输入视频的每个GOF首先进行运动补偿(图1中的MC)(此步骤允许处理运动剧烈的序列)，随后使用哈尔小波进行时域滤波(虚线箭头对应高通时域滤波，而另外的箭头对应低通时域滤波)，而且在这两步操作后，每个时间子带在空间上分解为一个空-时子带，这导致原先GOF的3D小波表示，示于图2。在图1中示出分解的三步(L和H＝第一步；LL和LH＝第二步；LLL和LLH＝第三步)。在图示8帧的组的每个时间分解级，产生一组运动矢量字段(第一级为MV4，第二级为MV 3，第三级为MV2)。当使用哈尔多分辨率分析进行时域分解时，由于在所考虑的帧组中对每个时域分解级每两帧之间产生一个运动矢量字段，运动矢量字段的数目等于时域子带中帧数的一半，也即，运动矢量字段的第一级为4，第二级为2，第三级为1。在解码器端，为重构指定的时间级，只需要该级和更低级时间分辨率(帧率减少)的运动矢量字段。
(A)时间可伸缩
根据本发明，上述观察导致以允许渐进解码的方式构造比特流，如图3中示例所述：三个时间分解级TDL(如图1示)产生四个时间分辨率级别(1到4)，分别代表从初始帧率得到的可能帧率。对应最低分辨率时间级的系数首先被编码，对此级无需发送运动矢量，且对于所有其它重构帧率，对应高频时间子带的帧和运动矢量字段被编码。到目前为止，对比特流构造的描述只考虑了时间级。但对完整的可伸缩而言，应考虑到每个时间级内的空间可伸缩。对小波系数的解决方案在已引用的欧洲专利申请中描述，且在图4中回顾：在每个时间级中，所有的空间分辨率被相继扫描(SPL＝空间分解级)，且因此可得到所有空间频率。(帧率t＝1到4；显示尺寸s＝1到4)。上方的标记隔开两个位面，下方的标记隔开两个时间分解级。
(B)空间可伸缩
为能够重构一个空间分辨率降低的视频，不需要在比特流的开始传输全分辨率的运动矢量字段。实际上，有必要对当前空间级的尺寸调整运动矢量所描述的运动。理想地，需要先有对应最低空间分辨率的低分辨率运动矢量，然后根据空间分辨率的提高能够渐进增加运动矢量的分辨率。只有运动矢量字段分辨率与另一个运动矢量分辨率的差别被编码并传输。
假定用象全搜索块匹配或其它导出解决方案的基于块的方法来完成运动估计，对全分辨率帧精确度为整数个像素(这种假设并不减少问题的一般性：如果希望对运动矢量使用半像素精度，在开始时将所有运动矢量乘以2，即使这些运动矢量代表位移值为小数，仍可返回前例中的整数矢量)。因此，运动矢量以整数表示。给定全分辨率运动矢量字段，为满足空间可伸缩的上述要求，通过简单的除2操作降低运动矢量的分辨率。实际上，由于近似子带的空间分辨率被降低到原来的1/2，当运动与全分辨率子带相同时，位移可以被降低到原来的1/2。整数的这种除法通过简单的移位就可实现。
必须仔细选择运动估计的块尺寸：实际上，如果在全分辨率中块的原尺寸是8×8，在半分辨率时成为4×4，四分之一分辨率时为2×2，依次类推。因此块的原尺寸太小时会出现问题：对于小的空间分辨率块尺寸能够为0。因此必须检查原尺寸与分解/重构级的数目相配。
现在假定有S个空间分解级且希望运动矢量对应从最低到最高的所有可能分辨率。然后，最初运动矢量被2s除或执行S位移位。结果代表对应从最低分辨率块尺寸除以2s的块的运动矢量。最初运动矢量除以2s-1将提供下一个空间分辨率。但此值已经从先前操作可得。实际上，它对应移动S-1位。与第一次操作的差别是运动矢量二进制表示中的比特其权为2s-1。将此比特(加细比特)加至先前传输的矢量以重构更高分辨率的运动矢量是足够的，示于图5，S＝4。这种运动矢量的渐进传输允许在比特流中对应相同空间级的纹理比特前包含从一种空间分辨率到另一种空间分辨率的运动矢量字段的加细比特。本方法在图6中再次说明。
最低分辨率的运动矢量以DPCM(差分脉冲调制)技术及其后的使用通常的VLC表的熵编码(例如在MPEG-4中使用的那些)进行编码。对其它分辨率级，一个完整的位面由需要编码的运动矢量字段的加细比特组成，编码方法可使用例如基于取决于运动矢量水平和垂直分量的上下文的算术编码。
比特流中代表运动矢量的部分先于任何涉及纹理的信息。与“传统”的非分级方法的差别是时间和空间级的层次转换为运动矢量的编码。与以前技术相比，最重要的改进是运动信息可被渐进解码。对指定的空间分辨率，解码器不需要解码比特流中对该级无用的部分。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于视频序列压缩的编码方法，该视频序列划分为帧组且根据称为分层树集合划分的算法用三维小波变换分解得到指定数目的对应所述变换分解级的连续分辨率级，所述方法基于一种分层的子带编码过程，从每个帧组的原图象元素集合中得到变换系数，构成一个分层的金字塔，一个时空方向树中的根由三维小波变换产生的近似子带的图象元素形成，且这些图象元素中每一个的支系由与这些根图象元素定义的图象卷对应的更高子带图象元素形成，此树定义所述分层金字塔内部的时空关系，要编码的子带按照遵守所述树中形成的双亲支系从属关系且保持三维小波变换初始子带结构的顺序相继扫描，所述方法的特征还在于，考虑到时间可伸缩，对每个时间分辨率级执行运动估计，通过***到比特流中的标记指示时间分辨率级的起始，只有重构任何指定时间分辨率级所需要的估计运动矢量被编码，并与为其执行运动估计的此指定时间分辨率级小波系数的编码比特一起放入比特流中，对相同时间级的纹理系数编码前将所述运动矢量***所述比特流中。
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