CN1238719A - 热熔接聚合物薄膜 - Google Patents

热熔接聚合物薄膜 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1238719A
CN1238719A CN97199959A CN97199959A CN1238719A CN 1238719 A CN1238719 A CN 1238719A CN 97199959 A CN97199959 A CN 97199959A CN 97199959 A CN97199959 A CN 97199959A CN 1238719 A CN1238719 A CN 1238719A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
thermal welding
pressure
zone
heat
assembly
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Granted
Application number
CN97199959A
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English (en)
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CN1089674C (zh
Inventor
奥利-本特·拉斯马森
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/005—Detaching the article from the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3472—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81457—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a block or layer of deformable material, e.g. sponge, foam, rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83421—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types
    • B29C66/83423—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types cooperating bands or belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种热熔接在加热时收缩之聚合物薄膜所用的装置，其包括在热熔接程序中移动受热和压力区域。这可以在新邻热熔接物的区域里使聚合物收缩，以致于薄膜厚度增加而且使用时抗剥离性更强。装置包括一对熔接棒(4,5)，其中(4)为楔形而另一个(5)为平坦的。两个棒皆加热而且其中一个沿方向(12)移动以施加位于棒之间的薄膜压力。在开始热熔接步骤的时候，压力沿着楔子的顶尖施加在最初区域。接着棒(4)绕着靠近楔子顶尖的轴沿箭头(13)的右端所示的方向滚动，以施加热和压力在相邻于初始区域之较宽的区域上。

Description

热熔接聚合物薄膜
本发明涉及一种以线性热熔接供应夹层聚合物薄膜的方法、进行的装置和由此等方法所得的产物。
本发明的第一方面涉及得到高震荡剥离强度，当底部或顶端熔接物必须用来防护可能在运输或储存填充袋期间发生之意外摔落冲击的所谓耐用或工业用袋时特别需要高震荡剥离强度。在工业化国家中，一般要求填充袋在其每个表面上必须能够通过从至少2米高掉落周期，然而在发展中国家里，填充袋的处理通常粗糙很多，通常要求为4米的掉落高度。
“平坦地”掉落也就是掉在二个主要表面其中之一上，“边缘掉落”也就是掉落在二个垂直顶端及底部的次要表面其中之一上，“顶端掉落”和“底部掉落”也就是分别掉落在顶端和底部之上。
当填充的热熔接袋落在顶端或底部时，顶端或底部的震荡作用可以忽略。
“边缘掉落”造成顶端及底部熔接物两者直线剥离。
如果袋子是简单的“枕头袋”而没有裆片，则因“平落”而致的剥离作用几乎是忽略的。然而，近几年来，袋包装工业已趋向使用裆袋，现在越来越多的实际情况利用“成型-填充-和-熔接”法，该方法从卷轴的裆管开始，并在连续生产线的机械里产生底部熔接物，将管剪成需要的长度以得到开口袋，将袋子填充并使顶端封闭。
当接以裆片的填充热熔接工业袋“平坦地”掉落并且没有因熔接而采取特别的预防措施时，在裆片内褶与热熔接物相交的四点里发生严重的偏斜剥离(也称为撕裂)。这是因为袋的含量由冲击而水平地布开，由此在裆片里以裆片内褶附近集中的力量扯裂。
这表示这些熔接物与裆片内褶相交之熔接物的顶端和底部位置受到特别强烈的震荡剥离或剥离撕裂的力量。该情形因下列事实而更恶化：在这些位置里，熔接物由于从“2层”变成“4层”袋材料而显得相当脆弱。
传统的方式利用每个角落里二个所谓的“K熔接物”，熔接物的顶端和底部互呈45°角，从上述交点开始并结合裆片里每一个外层到邻层，除了没有结合裆片层到裆片层之外。
对于边缘于“3层”或“4层”部分上之熔接物的“2层”部分，即纵向缝合线(如果如此缝合线存在的话)和在裆片处而言，恢复在“边缘掉落”期间发生的震荡剥离是最决定性的。
当袋子偶然地掉落时，剥离(撕裂)的速度时常超过5米秒-1。热熔接强度的标准实验测试以更低的速度进行，而且发现当袋子掉落时未有任何实际功效的价值。为此，当不同的聚合物材料或不同类型熔接物比较时，这些测试经常得到误导的结果。为了比较起见，采用大约5.5米秒-1的速度进行简化的震荡-剥离测试及简化的震荡-撕裂测试。该测试在以下实施例中进一步地说明。
当合理地制造袋里的顶端熔接物和底部熔接物(通常是直线)，通常目的在于由促进经过由在结合区域里其材料平面里及在未结合薄膜材料的紧邻区域里收缩而致的增大，来改良震荡-剥离强度。显然地，只有在预定高震荡-剥离强度之熔接物侧，即相邻袋子所在之处的那一侧上需要如此。这照惯例地由逐渐缩小熔接带边缘或以相似的方式使薄膜夹层的结合或未结合区域之间平缓地改变而达成。更准确地说，平缓的正面效应在于热熔接物(不是结合的)的边界参予经由在垂直于线性熔接物的方向里收缩而增大。(在本专利说明书中的用词里，所有已熔融的“熔接物”不限于薄膜夹层的结合部分)。
然而，缩减(downgauging)制袋薄膜材料的需求是生态学及能源节省考量的结果，现在已经而且将来也符合更加有效率地增加震荡热熔接剥离强度的需求。工业上第一个实现如此缩减的方式，基于使用更硬的聚合物组成物使用更高的熔融定向，尤其是高熔融定向并用HDPE和LLDPE的共挤型薄膜。如此发展里后续步骤，现在正由工业界引进，结合具交叉层压法的相似共挤型技术(以主方向层压或十字交叉定向)，接着进行双轴伸展。本发明以外包含于该技术范围内的概述请参考WO93/14928。
显然地，缩减本身指降低震荡剥离强度。除此之外，该强度强烈地因材料的硬度而定，而且如上所述，缩减需要使用更高的硬度以更加地降低震荡-剥离强度。硬度越高，该强度越低。其原因在于震荡-剥离强度系视材料在“剥离线”弹性变形或永久变形而非破裂，及以充分的速率进行此等永久变形的能力而定。(如果熔接物没有震荡剥离，则这通常是由于破裂而不是由于“层离”之故)。此外，薄膜材料越硬，其由于在熔接物周围弹性变形而吸收一些震荡能量的能力越低。
进一步的问题有关于定向，其对缩减而言是一项重要的因素。图1说明该问题。包括其未结合边界的熔接物里失去定向。在结合部分里，这是无所谓，因为厚度已经变得两倍，但是在未结合部分里定向的消除使震荡强度降低。(当材料有时间延长而且定向时，不必要以较低的剥离速度降低强度)。
缩减的主要限制因素为薄膜的“脆弱”性，其使袋子的制造或未填充袋的处理变得困难。上述的WO93/1428揭示如何由特别冷的伸展方法强烈地改良该情况，造成其顶端部分产生增厚的波浪形横切面。本发明里，以显微片(图4)显示该情况。(其有关于实际上用于实施例1里的薄膜材料)。从这可立即了解，强烈缩减所需的该结构由于厚度变化也必需改良熔接物的结构。(因为较厚的部分伸展得较强烈，所以厚度差异几乎没有对薄膜的一般强度性质造成影响)。
在施行本发明的实验里，已尝试利用将平熔接表面以彼此呈5-15度角的方式放置，该角开口向着需要剥离强度以促进该侧增大的那一侧来改良震荡-熔接-剥离强度。这在熔接相当平坦厚度的薄膜夹层时得到非常改良的结果，但是在厚度明显改变(例如在袋里裆片内褶附近改变)的情形里，这是不够的或直接地损害。这是因为如此的熔接使边缘成为直线，离笔直非常地远而使一些厚度改变，而且该边缘的笔直是良好震荡剥离强度的具备条件。
GB-A-943457描述了如本发明的权利要求1的前序部分的热熔接收缩聚合物的方法。热和压力系由各别的热熔接棒组施加到第一和第二压力区域，而且第一组熔接棒必须在第二组放置之前从夹层取出。
根据本发明与至少二个可热收缩聚合物材料薄膜一起热熔接，热熔接为线性而且指定一预定侧具有高震荡剥离强度的新方法里，将二个薄膜加热，使每个薄膜里的材料在平面里缩短而厚度增大，并同时在受压区域里施压以致于在包括结合区域和在至少在预定侧之上薄膜变大的非结合区域产生热熔接，其中初始阶段里热和压力施加于由一部分受压区域包括受压区域位于该预定侧上之边界所构成的初压区域上，而在第二阶段里热和压力施加于第二压力区域上，该第二压力区域从相反于位在该预定侧上受压区域边界之该初压区域边界与初压区域重叠，并包括至少一部分与该初始压力区域相邻之剩余受压区域，而在至少一部分与该受压区域相邻之初压区域里的压力降低，其特征在于，从初始阶段开始到第二阶段结束一直施加热和压力在该重叠区域。
在较佳方法的最后阶段里，热和压力施加在包括位在该预定侧上受压区域边界的最后热和压力区域，从初始阶段开始到第二阶段结束整个期间内一直施加热和压力在至少一部分受压区域。
第二阶段可以是最终阶段，但是最好最终阶段不立刻跟随第一阶段，也就是第二阶段与最后阶段分开。第一，第二和最后阶段较佳地连续进行。
最终压力区域较佳比初压区域更宽。
结果，本发明的第一观点关于在熔接物的临界部分里产生增大，同时能在结合和未结合区域之间产生够强的边缘线。其特征在于，在热和压力下运用熔接组件，利用在一对可以改变薄膜夹层里长条宽度的此等组件之间在热和压力下互相滚动，首先得到第一对仅占熔接物一部分最后宽度而且位于预定用来剥离之那一侧的长条，接着利用互相滚动延长该长条的宽度并释放该预定侧的熔接压力。
由方法的第一步骤，得到相当强的边缘线，并由方法的下一步骤，在熔接物变宽的同时确定产生强烈的增大，并由此变成能在其纵向里产生强震荡，特别是当袋子落地时避免震裂。
在该方法的较佳具体实施例里，当仍粘在熔接棒而且当材料仍是熔融状时在最终产物里未结合但经热处理过且增大在预定抗剥离侧处的熔接物剥离掉(以下称热剥离)。
进行该热剥离步骤至最终产物里在未结合但经热处理过且增大区域里夹层之二外薄膜的最内表面之间呈至少45°的程度，其中这些区域边缘在结合区域上。
热剥离的效应在图3a和b里明白地叙述，而且从其得知，最终产物里的抗冷剥离性增加。
此外，本发明的第一观点较佳地以下列方式进行：在熔接方法结束时(在最终阶段里)最高的熔接压力施加在相反于预定侧的熔接侧上。这促进熔接物在基本侧(即预定侧)里增大，而且受压熔接材料甚至可能从不需要熔接厚度之那一侧到熔接厚度是基本的那一侧。
本发明较佳地包括聚合物材料在热和压力下通过一对熔接组件之间。至少一个组件具有适合的形状，以致于由相互滚动达成所需要的效果。举例来说，其中一个组件可以是平坦的，而且另一个可以具有一般椭圆形或椭球的形状，以致于当滚动时，材料受热和压力而改变宽度。
更具体地说，本发明的第一观点较佳地以下列方式进行：至少一熔接组件的表面是一般楔形，在压力和热下的带子一开始包括楔子的顶端和一部分楔子的两侧，并在楔子顶端上相互滚动，使得在滚动之后，持续热和压力以达楔子一侧的全长，而且压力通常从楔子的另一侧释放。
楔子的顶可以弯曲或变平。较佳地绕着顶或弯曲顶的弯曲中心滚动。
在该方式里，热熔接以二个向需要高震荡剥离强度之那一侧开口的熔接组件之间的角度而开始第一阶段，如上述的“前置实验”，但是，为了能容易适整该角度以获得所要的夹层，最好在直边缘线和高度增大之间达成折衷。
为了要达成上述在熔融的状态里剥离，较佳地调整聚合物组成物，熔接温度和熔接组件的表面，以使薄膜夹层也在释放熔接压力之后粘到熔接棒。
较佳地使用辅助棒以协助热剥离作用而且确定不论薄膜材料和棒之间粘度较强，经熔接之薄膜夹层也能从熔接棒释放。
如图2所示，进行本发明第一观点的实际方式使用一对熔接棒，一个熔接棒通常为楔形，而另一个通常是平坦的并且有弹性的。弹性可以该图所示的传统方式达成，其中在加热带和真实弹性材料(Si-橡胶)之间具有坚硬之绝热和电绝缘材料(“石棉取代物”)的相当薄的板子。这已知可以熔接各种厚度的薄膜夹层，尤其是包括裆片s及或纵向缝合线的袋子材料。二者择一地，弹性可以由在加热带上使用强化Si橡胶的薄膜而达成。强化Si橡胶的相似薄膜同样地可以用在楔形的熔接棒上。
本发明第一观点之另一发展的特征在于终止熔接之后。熔接组件进一步地互相地在一或多个位于强迫第二压力区相反于预定剥离侧之组件部分侧的伸展部上滚动，因此完全地释放熔接的压力，该伸展部保持在低于熔接所需之温度的温度，而且调整伸展部以在至少一部分冷却周期里保存薄膜夹层，因而避免或降低在其纵向里熔接物的收缩。
冷却最好以在保持期间内在熔接物至少一表面上吹动冷却空气的方式进行。
有关冷却时利用熔接组彼此件的相对滚动为本发明的第二观点而且可以独立地由第一观点实践。
在该观点里，提供一种与至少二个可热收缩聚合物材料的薄膜一起热熔接的方法，其中加热以使每个薄膜里的材料在薄膜平面里紧缩而且厚度增大，并在受压区域里同时施压以得到热熔接物，该热熔接物包括结合区域和在至少一侧上包括其中薄膜增大的区域，热和压力系由熔接组件施加而且热熔接物是直线，该方法的特征在于打开熔接组件的步骤包括在将棒在熔接物另一侧上之该组件的伸展部上彼此滚动时，该伸展部保持在低于最小热熔接温度而且伸展部在至少一部分冷却周期内保存薄膜夹层以降低熔接物在其纵向里的收缩。
本发明也包括由所述之方法和装置所得的产物，其构成的细节由方法的说明中显然可知。
本发明的如此装置包括反置之热熔接组件的热熔接台，加热至少一个热熔接组件所用的加热装置，加热时向彼此互相移动所用及反向移动组件所用的启动装置，将至少二个聚合物薄膜之夹层进给至热熔接台，使得夹层是在热熔接组件之间所用的装置，和将热熔接夹层远离热熔接台所用的装置，其特征在于热熔接组件调整至越过夹层上初始压力区域同时施加在初始组件区域之间的薄膜夹层热和压力，及越过夹层上第二压力区域同时施加在第二组件区域之间覆盖该初始压力区域上的薄膜夹层热和压力，第二组件区域包括在该初始组件区域外面但与其相邻之热熔接组件的区域。
装置里，较佳地将热熔接组件调整至同时地施加热和压力在最后组件区域之间夹层上的最终压力区域上。
至少一个热熔接组件可以是椭圆形，以组件在椭圆形组件相对另一个组件滚动时施加热和压力在不同宽度的压力区域上。最好至少一个热熔接组件是楔形。
装置可以使用热熔接棒或可以使用带式熔接法。该后者的方法通常用来做封闭填充袋。袋子站在运送装置皮带上并且不断地通过熔接装置。这包括二个不停的熔接带，其通常是薄金属或是以玻璃强化的聚四氟乙烯，皮带以运送装置皮带相同的速度移动，抓住袋子的顶端并使其在与皮带一起施压时通过一或多个加热器块体。热传输通过一或二个涂封物带进入囊袋中并且进行熔接。接着是冷却元件与皮带接触。此外，立刻在这些涂封物带之下将抓住并使囊袋顶端的载体皮带移动。在该具体实施例里，其中一个皮带可以几乎如惯用带一样平坦，而另一个可以是可挠的和使其通过具有提供皮带轮廓之槽形的加热器块体。
有关于产物，本发明的第一观点明确而言关于经热熔接而得的薄膜材料夹层，其由材料在结合区域里及在熔接物该预定侧上未结合薄膜材料的紧邻区域里材料的紧缩作用而增大预先测定一侧的高震荡剥离强度，其特征在于该未结合薄膜材料区域里的增大部分至少是在结合边缘距离内夹层之外薄膜厚度的两倍，该距离也至少是未增大薄膜的两倍，其特征还在于，在未结合但增大之区域里夹层的二个外薄膜的最内表面之间呈至少45°，其中这些未结合但增大之区域与结合区域相邻。
该结构对震荡剥离强度而言是理想的。
WO89/10312揭示保护缝合线避免震荡作用的冷凸起图样。该案称“震荡吸收带”的图样为在袋子“边缘掉落”期间吸收一部分施加在熔接物上的震荡，而当图样指得是“裆片凸起图样”时，则在平落期间缓和撕裂力量。为了袋子掉落功效的最佳化，根据本发明第一观点的熔接作用最好溶入此等保护熔接物之预防措施的观点而改良之。
本发明将以下列附图(已在上述说明中当作参考)进一步地描述。
图1是传统热熔接组合薄膜的主要概视剖面图，每一个具有相当高程度的分子定向。图式说明当熔接物的未结合部分没有因增大而得到强度时震荡剥离强度很差的主要理由。
图2是进行本发明熔接法之较佳装置的概视图。
图3a是缩影片的26倍放大图，其显示在熔接物主要部分，即“2-层”部分里定向薄膜之间的熔接物剖面图。为了能够再现，就在以相片显现结构之后修改缩影片。熔接物得自实施例的方法而且作为说明及证明本发明二项用途。
图3b也从缝合线的“2-层”部分及由实施例的方法相似地再现，但是区段系切自大约缝合线的最临界位置，即距裆片褶层的交集只有1毫米。
图3c也由实施例的方法相似地再现，但是从裆片或缝合线的“4-层”部分。
图4是缩影片的20倍放大图，其显示实施例里所用之定向薄膜的剖面图。显示该剖面图目的系为引证该目的及解释下列事实：图7a,b和c显示非常不同厚度的薄膜，其中薄膜没有熔融并且因此未增大。
图5a,b,c和d是根据本发明第一观点所改良之带式涂封物的概视图。图5a系表示整个制程周期，而图5b则显示图5a的截面B-B，而图5b则显示截面C-C及D-D。
在图1中，(1)是高强度的未结合相当强的定向薄膜。(2)是熔接物的结合区域，其已失去定向，但是，由于厚度加倍而具有所需的抗剥离性。(3)是熔接物的未结合区域，其由于失去定向而损失强度，因此，除非该损失以增加厚度的方式补偿，否则在剥离期间可能破裂，尤其在结合区域(2)的真正边缘处。这越决定性，聚合物材料越僵硬。此外，因为如此的偏离现象在剥离期间造成“刻痕效应”，使得当结合的边缘线明显地偏离线性时该脆弱性加重。
除了有关于熔接组件相对于彼此滚动的特别特征以外，本发明的熔接组件是以传统装置在脉冲熔接法或定温熔接法得到。定温熔接法因实际理由之故而较佳，但是，加热装置可以依如图2所示一般为脉冲熔接所用的方式构成。(4)和(5)是电热式的加热带(电阻带)，如刚才所述地较佳保持在一定的熔接温度下。(4)弯成楔形，而(5)是平坦的。两者都覆上以聚四氟乙烯的玻璃纤维(6)或其他适合在涂封物及熔融聚合物材料之间得到不太高也不太低粘度的材料片。(5)是用Si橡皮圈(7)做成而且具有弹性，其由石棉取代物的边(8)保护避免热侵害。(7)和(8)包陷于金属棒(9)内。这是用来吸收某程度厚度差异的传统安排方式。由于弯曲的楔形，因此，加热带(4)无法以相似的方式做成有弹性，然而这也是不必要的。该带系在载体上并且同时是绝热的，而且由也从石棉取代物做成的棒(10)隔热。后者系包陷于金属棒(11)内。
熔接爪的关及开动作最为实务的是移动熔接棒，当棒移到右边时，该关及开动作系以双箭号(12)的符号表示。熔接棒相对于彼此的滚动，最为实务的方式是左涂封物棒滚翻越过弯曲的楔形加热带顶线(4)，以双箭号(13)表示。
图2和该图的说明以下列方式与图3a,b和c对应：所示的横载面左侧为所示装置的左侧，而所示的熔接物上端系为所示的熔接棒上端，并且说明如下。
在二个楔形涂封物棒之间或一个楔形和一个平坦的涂封物棒之间的熔接作用本身为已知，因此，对本领域的技术人员而言不难决定楔形棒的详细设计。显然地，在二个熔接表面之间的角度不应该是锐角，或顶边不应该是尖锐的，以致于薄膜夹层被切割而非熔接。如图4所示，在上述二个表面之间的角度较佳为大约120°，而顶边具有半径大约1毫米的圆。此外，涂封物棒两者上之熔接表面总宽度较佳为大约4毫米到10毫米。这些指示当然没有意味着限制本发明的范围。
上述顶边的圆可以由涂封物带(4)精确地弯曲而得。精确的温度控制可以由例如的热电偶(未示出)进行，其位于(8)和(10)内的洞中，以薄聚四氟乙烯胶带使其与加热带绝热和断电，并利用小块发泡Si橡胶沿着该胶带施压。精确温度控制的其他传统方法也可以使用。图式中，显示弯曲涂封物带(4)二侧等宽。然而，如果该带的总宽度超过大约6毫米，则最方便的是在此显示为上侧的那一侧(也就是形成熔接物临界侧的那一侧)比另一侧更窄。
熔接周期开始于压破(9)到左边的爪关闭动作。最好不应该结束在锁住的位置，而是在熔接压力下仍是小幅地移动到右边，或在滚动相反棒的影响下离开。举例来说，(9)的开关动作可以方便地由空气或水力方法(未示出)进行。在第一熔接步骤里，楔形棒可以是在如图所示其对称位置或可偏离该位置。最适宜的位置由例如薄膜夹层里的厚度变化而定，并且由实验在未结合材料宽区域高度增大及位于夹层结合与未结合区域间形成直线边缘之间达成折衷。
在接续的熔接步骤里，左熔接棒滚翻过楔子的顶边到二个涂封物带(具有强化聚四氟乙烯的盖子)下部大部分彼此互压其上的位置。进行滚动的装置未显示出，但是，可以也方便地是空气或水力方法。
为了终止熔接周期，有二种选择。一种选择是由辅助棒(14)和(15)从棒释放熔接物，其在由将(9)移到右边而打开爪之后行动。另一个选择包括楔形涂封物棒滚过相当冷的伸展部16和17的“滚过动作”，接着将熔接物以空气冷却并同时也由空气流从棒释放后者，最后打开爪。两种选择示于图2，虽然正常来说其应该不一起施行。当施行上述第一选择方法时，薄膜夹层位于棒(14)和(15)之间。棒(14)是静止的，而在熔接物粘住右涂封物棒但打开爪时从左涂封物棒释放的情况里，(14)将抓回夹层并且因此将熔接物剥离右涂封物棒。另一个辅助棒(15)可如双箭号(18)所指示般地移动。在此显示在“等候位置”。其功能为将熔接物剥离左(楔形)涂封物棒，在打开爪的情况里，使熔接物从右涂封物棒释出但粘到左涂封物。因此，棒(15)在打开爪之后立即以机械推下达低到足以剥离的位置，并在程序周期结束之前回到“等待位置”。这些运动的机械方法未显示，但是可以方便地是空气或水力方法。
使用辅助棒从涂封物释放熔接并非一般的习惯，因为传统熔接法之目的在于获得粘在棒涂封物的情形尽可能低，而且因此应用最低的可能温度。反之，本发明目的在于，垂直于熔接物长度的特别高收缩性，特别是高温，而且也显著地变形而不剥离。结果，辅助棒在本发明的这个观点方面是有利的。
在为终止程序周期所用的第二选择方法里，其中左涂封物棒进一步地滚过相当冷的伸展部(16)和(17)，释出较佳来自薄膜夹层二侧的空气喷射并且从两个涂封物棒冷却熔接物。这些空气喷射所用的喷嘴未显示出，但是，应该大约坐落在棒(14)和(15)显示的位置(上述后者通常不用于本释放熔接物的更迭方法)。将伸展(16)和(17)打断或另有其他的方式形成空气吹过的通道。该程序步骤期间内，薄膜夹层坚固保持在(16)和(17)之间以避免横向收缩。
在带式熔接方法和在图5a到5d概要显示的装置里，19为从上往下看欲以热熔接法封闭之填充袋的顶端。袋子站在运送装置皮带上，而且也由一组皮带在袋子的每一侧负载着并立刻放置在熔接装置之下。这些皮带未显示出。
20和21是无端头的薄带，最好由涂上一层聚四氟乙烯的钢制成。其由轮子39驱动。所有的5个皮带和带子系以相同的速度驱动。
从图5b到5d可看出，20是一般的平带而21具有V形，其V两臂之间的角度例如是120度而且V的底部为圆底。该V形带在本发明的观念里具有类似图2所示之棒10的外观。值得注意的是，当带子通过轮子之上时自动失去其V形，但当离开轮子时即恢复V形。
22到26为利用可调式弹簧29向带子施压的加热块体。该运动的导轨未显示出。30到33为在固定位置里的加热块体。同样地，27和28为弹簧29作用其上的冷却块体，然而35和36为固定的冷却块体。加热器块体里有电热式元件和加热块体里冷却水所用的沟槽(未显示)。将弹簧29调至适当的熔接压力。
当块体30-36具有面对带子之非描绘的表面时，块体22-28具有V形表面以吻合使带21的V形，并将V放在导引带21扭转的适合位置。此外，块体23-28具有导槽(“导袋”)38以帮助取得扭曲带21所需的力量(见图5c和5d)。当袋子材料通过块体22和30时，开始熔接的第一步骤。在此“V”的位置从图5b可知。当袋子材料通过块体28和36时，开始熔接的最后一个步骤，而且在此“V”的位置从图5d可知。在这二个“V”位置之间的变化系以逐渐扭转的方式，逐渐改变从块体23开始到块体26结束的表面而发生。这条路径上的位置，即对应的区段B-B，系示于图5c。
在冷却块体27-28和35-36之后，带21在该带子通过较长的块体37之上时逐渐地缓和扭转，该带子的表面引导该逐渐松开的动作进行。
因熔接的情况而定，所述但是未示出之一组即在带20和21底下的运送装置皮带可以抵消或甚至避免垂直于熔接物的熔融材料里收缩。然而，这种不利的效果可以在任何情况里由在该运送装置皮带和涂封物带入口之间的间隔里放煤屑在带材料而完全地避免。实施例范围
这表示(A)本发明第一观点的应用，其以轻量接管法(lightweight gusseted tubing)制造硬底熔接物，为了坚硬起见，每隔2毫米即设有较厚的“肋”。为比较起见，系在类似的条件下制造熔接物，但是(B)只使用熔接程序的第一步骤，其中楔形涂封物棒站在其顶部，和(C)只使用熔接程序的最后一个步骤，其中相同的涂封物棒站在一表面的整个伸展部上，二个封闭表面正好平行。这部分依循传统的熔接法，每个加热带在边缘处逐渐变小，以致也可以在未结合边界区域里收缩。
每个熔接物尝试在不同的位置震裂剥离，并且仿照当袋子落地时在熔接物及裆片褶之间的作用而震裂撕裂。此外，以缩影片研究熔接物的形状。熔接用的装置
使用图2所示的装置，然而没有冷的“伸展部”(16)和(17)。楔形加热带(4)弯曲120°，外弯曲半径为1毫米，而且二侧等宽。加热带4和5每个是5毫米宽。其温度控制在大约+3℃的范围里。涂封物棒9的开关动作和涂封物棒10的依枢纽旋转的作用由空气作用而进行。将塞子调至控制熔接的第一步骤以加热带(4)在其对称位置处(即，其每侧与加热带(5)形成30°)的方式进行，及控制枢角是37°。因此，在依枢纽旋转之后，带(4)的一侧形成角67°，而另一侧与带(5)呈7°，两个角向上开口(请参考图2里的位置)。辅助棒(15)也由空气作用而移动。裆管
这是利用WO93/24928实施例1所描述的加交叉积层板做成的，不同的是该实施例里，标准规格是62，而本发明实施例里是每平方米80克，相当于厚度86微米，甚至进一步不同的是高莫耳的高密度聚乙烯(在先前技术的实施例里为52.5％，而本发明实施例里为60％)。如像先前技术的实施例所言，其它大部分为直链低密度聚乙烯，直接参予热熔接的表层(“释放/熔接层”)形成15％重量而且包括平面直链低密度聚乙烯。
简短地重复旧例子所言，该交叉积层板以将3层管状薄膜共挤型开始制造，促进纵向的熔融液定向，以30°偏斜定向进行螺旋状切割，和以非常特别的层压和双轴伸展程序结束，其中凹槽滚筒用来横向伸展，而且使用相当低的伸展温度。该特别的程序得到缩影片图4所显示的横切面。
平面U形里较厚的“肋”提供每平方米积层板硬度80克，其需要以一般的制袋机(包括“成型-填充-及-熔接”机械)转制成袋子，但是同时，不同的厚度使得热熔接法更具决定性。交叉积层板最后转制成裆片宽度78公分的裆平管而且裆片之间的空间为23公分。在该转制法里，以熔融粘着剂制得纵向的缝合线。本发明的熔接程序(A)
将两个加热带不变地保持在温度175℃。时间的指示参考当爪开始关闭时的那一点。在0.2秒时：到达爪关闭处，熔接压力每厘米0.30千克。在0.6秒时：开始枢转。在0.8秒时：到达枢转的结束位置，压力增加到每厘米1.2千克。在1.6秒时：颌骨的打开开始。在1.8秒时：释放棒(18)开始移动。在2.1秒时：楔形棒向后地枢转到出发位置，裆管自动前进到下一个
       开始熔接的位置。在2.6秒时：释放棒(18)开始移回。在3.0秒时：熔接周期结束，预备好开始下一个周期。熔接程序(B)的第一改良实施例，做为比较用
上述的程序由设定爪打开动作为0.6秒，也就是立刻在第一熔接步骤结束之后而改良。释放棒(18)开始移动的时间因此改变，但仍然发生在爪开始打开之后0.2秒发生。熔接程序(C)的第二改良实施例，做为比较用
程序(A)由一旦装置给予爪关闭，即0.2秒的信号，则开始枢转的方式而改良。没有其他的改变。这表示，不论枢转多迅速，整个熔接过程系为向上开口7°角的“第二步骤”(请见图式)。熔接过程的前0.4秒在每厘米0.3千克的压力下进行，而最后1.0秒则在每厘米压力1.2千克之下进行。
虽然熔接的表面机械固定而彼此形成7°角，如程序(A)所述，但熔接物之横切面的显微片显示熔接表面实际上已经是完全地平行，即熔接法应当仿照传统的熔接法(在机械固定和实际发现之间的相差解释成熔接物的“上部”里稍微过热及涂封物棒(8)的弹性有关。观察熔接和未熔接区域之间的边缘
边缘可由褶层之间在黑色墨水上散布去污剂而看得到，然后在大约5和大约10倍显微镜下观察。
根据程序(A)，即根据本发明所得的样品，及程序(B)，也就是本发明的第一步骤里，即使在裆片内褶附近的临界区域里从“2层”变成“4层”，边缘也是直的。在根据程序(C)，即没有设计用来区分的初始步骤所制得的样品，边缘看起来更有波浪得多而且尤其在上述临界里产生“跳跃”。研究根据本发明，即程序(A)所制得之熔接物的横切面外观。
请参考显微片3a,b和c，其表示熔接物在三个主要不同部分里的横切面，即
a)“2层”部分的主体；
b)紧邻裆片部分之“2层”部分的临界部分；和
c)裆片或“4层”部分。
纵向缝合线和热熔接物交集而且紧邻该交集部的问题类似于熔接物通过裆片而且紧邻裆片的问题。
显微片显示熔接物增大很多，不只在结合区域但是也在广大的未结合边界区域。在图3a里，熔接物在其最厚的位置之未结合区域的上左枝为未增大薄膜的对应厚度大约2.5倍。在从结合边缘的距离里面，距离是未增大薄膜厚度的两倍，经增大之未结合区域的厚度仍是未增大薄膜之对应厚度的2.15倍。鉴于未增大材料在此比左枝里未增大材料薄得多，所以在右枝里增大的情形可算是显著得多。如上所说明，在薄膜材料的各个未增大部分之间的这些厚度差异反映出“肋”结构，其从图4可看出而且故意制造以增强材料的硬度。
热剥离作用已经得到熔接物的横切面，包括其增大的伸展部，干草叉形或在2层区域Y形。在图3里，在未结合增大之薄膜部分的最内表面(后者边缘在结合区域上)之间的角度是大约75°。在图3b里，其为大约100°。可立即了解是，该明显的“分支”有助于熔接物的震荡剥离强度。图3a,b和c三个图形里每一个的横切面显示稍微的Z形。当其将熔接物剥离加热带(4)上经强化的聚四氟乙烯盖时，这造成辅助棒(15)动作。然而，这稍微的Z形没有影响熔接物的强度，也没有正面影响也没有负面影响。测试方法
如导言所述，掉落在边缘上的袋子造成熔接物顶端和底部直线震荡剥离，然而，裆袋平落造成熔接物及内裆片褶之间的交点偏斜剥离。该类型偏离剥离在以下视为裆片撕裂。同样，在导言里也提及，当袋子掉落时发生剥离或撕裂的速度通常超过每秒5米，而且不存在任何在如此条件下得到关于熔接强度之有效信息的标准化测量方法。将采用下列的方法测试直线震荡剥离的情形：垂直熔接物切割20毫米宽的长条，并控制显微镜，使得经过熔接物的切口是干净的。在距熔接物35毫米紧握35处舌部而且用手以最大的加速度撕裂样品。小心的电子试验显示我的手在这些条件下到达每秒5.5米+10％的相对速度。如果薄膜长条在破裂之前永久地延长(定向)，则熔接物视为已经通过测试。如果熔接物边界破裂而没有发生任何的舌部定向，则熔接物已经测试失败。
裆片撕裂强度则以相似的方式测试。一方面抓紧裆片褶层而另一方面将熔接物从距交点和样品两者35毫米处以可能最快的速度，即每秒5.5米+10％撕开。如果因此在交点处撕成一裂缝，则熔接物已失败，否则即经过测试。结果“通过”简写为P，“失败”简写为F。(A)指本发明制得的熔接物；(B)指只由第一步骤制得的熔接物；(C)指以相同熔接装置但调至仿照传统熔接法所制得的熔接物。
在熔接物之2层部分的主体里垂直剥离：(A)10P,0F，也就是100％P(B)2P,3F，也就是40％P(C)9P,1F，也就是90％P
在熔接物之2层部分里垂直剥离，从裆片裆样本的一个边缘上切下大约1毫米或更短的长度：(A)10P,0F，也就是100％P(B)0P,5F，也就是0％P(C)2P,8F，也就是20％P
在熔接物的裆片(4层)中的垂直剥离：(A)10P,0F，也就是100％P(B)0P,5F，也就是0％P(C)5P,5F，也就是50％P
裆片撕裂测试：(A)10P,0F，也就是100％P(B)0P,5F，也就是0％P(C)1P,9F，也就是10％P
这些结果清楚地显示本发明的效率。

Claims (38)

1．一种将至少二个可热收缩聚合物材料薄膜一起热熔接的方法，热熔接为线性而且指定一预定侧具有高震荡剥离强度，该方法将二个薄膜加热，使每个薄膜里的材料在平面里缩短而厚度增大，并同时在受压区域里施压以致于在包括结合区域和在至少在预定侧之上薄膜变大的非结合区域产生热熔接，其中初始阶段里热和压力施加于由一部分受压区域包括受压区域位于该预定侧上之边界所构成的初压区域上，而在第二阶段里，热和压力施加于第二压力区域上，该第二压力区域从相反于位在该预定侧上受压区域边界之该初压区域边界开始延伸并与初压区域重叠，并包括至少一部分与该初始压力区域相邻之剩余受压区域，而在至少一部分与该受压区域相邻之初压区域里的压力降低，其特征在于：从初始阶段开始到第二阶段结束一直施加热和压力在该重叠区域。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在最后阶度里，热和压力施加在包括反置于该预定侧之受压区域边界的最后热和压力区域，而且从初始阶段开始到最终阶段结束整个期间内一直施加热和压力在至少一部分受压区域。
3．如权利要求2所述的方法，其中，随时施加热和压力的压力区域连续地从该初始压力区域经由该第二及该最终区域移动。
4．如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其中，该最终压力区域比初始压力区域更宽。
5．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的方法，其中，在该预定侧上之薄膜在第二阶段后剥落，然而在结合区域之该预定侧上增大的薄膜材料仍是熔融状。
6．如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：该熔融状态的热剥离步骤进行至最终产物里在该未结合区域里夹层之二外薄膜的最内表面之间呈至少45°的程度。
7．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的方法，其特征在于：在熔接方法结束时，最高的熔接压力施加在反置于该预定侧之熔接物的边界。
8．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的方法，其中，热和压力由反置的熔接组件施加在受压区域里，其特征在于：至少一该熔接组件是楔形，使得在与另一组件互相滚动时，不同宽度的材料在组件之间受压和热。
9．如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，至少一该熔接组件是一般的楔形，最初压力区域开始包括楔子的顶端和一部份楔子的两侧的带，并在第二阶段里楔子顶端上相互滚动反置的熔接组件，使得在滚动之后，第二压力区域由楔子一侧的全长施压，而且压力通常从楔子的另一侧释放。
10．如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：熔接步骤在起伏的或固定的温度下在一对熔接棒之间进行，其中楔形熔接组件为该熔接棒其中一个。
11．如权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于：一个熔接棒是一般的楔形，而另一个是一般平面形而且设置在弹性载体上。
12．如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于：熔接步骤在一对反置的带子之间以带式熔接法进行，其中楔形熔接组件为该熔接带其中一个。
13．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的方法，其特征在于：调整聚合物组成物，熔接温度和用来调节该第二阶段里压力之熔接棒的表面特性，以使薄膜夹层也在释放熔接压力之后粘到熔接棒。
14．如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于：使用辅助棒，使经熔接之薄膜夹层从熔接棒释放。
15．如上述权利要求其中之一所述的方法，其中，施加热和压力之后，已形成该结合区域及该非结合区域而热熔接物里的材料冷却，然而熔接物的纵向收缩因在反置于该预定侧之热熔接物底下的区域里的材料受到抗收缩机械力而减到最小。
16．如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，抗收缩力由在反置的组件之间的由用来施加热和压力的熔接组件延伸所构成的该伸展部上施压的方式在低于最小熔接温度的温度下施加。
17．如权利要求15或16所述的方法，其中，材料在施加抗收缩力期间内于熔接物至少一表面上以吹动冷却空气的方式冷却。
18．如权利要求16和17所述的方法，其特征在于：冷却空气流过把持薄膜夹层的伸展部区域，伸展部构成断续的图样以使气流通过。
19．一种与至少二个可热收缩聚合物材料的薄膜一起热熔接的方法，其中，加热以使每个薄膜里的材料在薄膜平面里紧缩而且厚度增大，并在受压区域里同时施压以得到热熔接物，该热熔接物包括结合区域和在至少一侧上包括其中薄膜增大的区域，热和压力由熔接组件施加而且热熔接物是直线，其特征在于：打开熔接组件的步骤包括在将棒在熔接物另一侧上之该组件的伸展部上彼此滚动时，该伸展部保持在低于最小热熔接温度而且伸展部在至少一部分冷却周期内保存薄膜夹层以降低熔接物在其纵向里的收缩。
20．一种可热收缩聚合物材料的薄膜夹层，其如权利要求1-18其中之一所述的方法热熔接制得。
21．一种可热收缩聚合物材料的薄膜夹层，其以热熔接法在预定高震荡-剥离强度之那一侧，经由在结合区域里其材料平面里及该熔接物之该预定侧上未结合薄膜材料的紧邻未结合区域里收缩而致的增大作用得到，其特征在于：该未结合薄膜材料区域里的增大部分至少是在结合边缘距离内夹层之外薄膜厚度的两倍，该距离也至少是未增大薄膜的两倍；在该未结合区域里夹层之二外薄膜的最内表面之间呈至少45°，该非结合区域里这些区域边缘在结合边缘上。
22．一种袋子，其设有顶端及底部，如权利要求1-18其中之一所述的方法从可热收缩聚合物材料制或包括权利要求21或22所述的薄膜夹层。
23．如权利要求22所述的袋子，该袋子为裆袋。
24．一种热熔接装置，其包括一反置之热熔接组件的热熔接台，加热至少一个热熔接组件所用的加热装置，加热时向彼此互相移动所用及反向移动组件所用的启动装置，将至少二个聚合物薄膜之夹层进给至热熔接台，使得夹层是在热熔接组件之间所用的装置，和将热熔接夹层远离热熔接台所用的装置，其特征在于：热熔接组件调整至越过夹层上初始压力区域同时施加在初始组件区域之间的薄膜夹层热和压力，及越过夹层上第二压力区域同时施加在第二组件区域之间覆盖该初始压力区域上的薄膜夹层热和压力，第二组件区域包括在该初始组件区域外面但与其相邻之热熔接组件的区域。
25．如权利要求24所述的装置，其中，将热熔接组件调整至同时地施加热和压力在最后组件区域之间夹层上的最终压力区域上。
26．如权利要求25所述的装置，其中，该最终压力区域比初始压力区域更宽。
27．如权利要求26所述的装置，其中，一个热熔接组件是椭圆形，而另一个几乎是平坦的。
28．如权利要求26或27所述的装置，其中，一个热熔接组件是楔形，而另一个几乎是平坦的，楔子的顶尖与楔子每侧的一部分形成该初始压力区域，通过绕着顶尖滚动楔子，组件之几乎直线的一侧可以几乎平行于另一个热熔接组件，形成第二组件区域，而楔子的另一侧远离热熔接组件。
29．如权利要求28所述的装置，其中，该另一热熔接组件安装在弹性载体里。
30．如权利要求24-29其中之一所述的装置，其中，热熔接组件为熔接棒。
31．如权利要求24-29其中之一所述的装置，其中，热熔接组件为可在本身纵向里及在装置的机械方向里移动的带子。
32．如权利要求31所述的装置，其包括一组位于一对熔接带底下经由热熔接台运送聚合物材料的运送装置皮带，并具有用来将聚合物材料进给至在热熔接带及运送装置带之间材料中带有煤屑之热熔接台。
33．如权利要求24-29其中之一所述的装置，其中，热熔接台进一步地包括去除棒以在热熔接组件彼此移开之后将薄膜材料从热熔接组件拉开，以释放经热熔接的夹层。
34．如权利要求24-33其中之一所述的装置，其中，热熔接台包括将薄膜夹层拉离形成薄膜夹层之热熔接物一侧的装置，然而薄膜材料因受热而仍是熔融状。
35．如权利要求24-34其中之一所述的装置，其中，反置之热熔接组件每个包括至少一个位于相反于出始组件区域之该第二组件区域边缘底下的伸展部，其保持在低于预定最低热熔接温度的温度，该装置用来将该伸展部移向彼此以施加机械力于薄膜夹层上，以避免及层沿着热熔接组件长度之方向收缩的装置。
36．如权利要求24-35其中之一所述的装置，其中，热熔接台包括用来在已经形成热熔接物之后冷却薄膜夹层之热熔接物里的材料的冷却装置。
37．如权利要求36所述的装置，其中，冷却装置包括在热熔接物处导引冷空气的空气风箱。
38．如权利要求35和37所述的装置，其中，在至少一热熔接组件上的该伸展部沿着组件断断续续，空气可以横过薄膜夹层的表面而流过伸展部。
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