CN1237677A - Mine-taking method by using sea water of deep sea - Google Patents
Mine-taking method by using sea water of deep sea Download PDFInfo
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- CN1237677A CN1237677A CN 98121702 CN98121702A CN1237677A CN 1237677 A CN1237677 A CN 1237677A CN 98121702 CN98121702 CN 98121702 CN 98121702 A CN98121702 A CN 98121702A CN 1237677 A CN1237677 A CN 1237677A
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Abstract
The method for extracting minerals from sea water of deep sea suitable for developing and utilizing mineal resources of sea water of deep sea, is characterized by extracting minerals from sea water of deep sea whose depth is greater than 2 km. As compared with existent technology, said invention possesses the following advantages: the concentration of the extracted sea water mineral is high, extraction process is easy, extracted quantity is large and value is high.
Description
The present invention relates to method for extracting ore from deep seawater, is a kind of method of extracting mineral matter from seawater.
At present, extract mineral matter from the so huge mineral reserve treasure-house of seawater, common is in the waters, sea or neritic zone carries out, as using sea preparing salt by working up seawater, system halogen etc.
The deficiency of its existence is: sea seawater mineral concentration is very low, will concentrate greatly when extracting mineral matter, very wastes time and energy, and the gained mineral quality is also very limited, and value is not high.
The objective of the invention is: invent a kind of method for extracting ore from deep seawater that from contain the higher seawater of mineral concentration, extracts mineral matter, to exploit the seawater mining deposits energetically.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Method for extracting ore from deep seawater is a kind of method from seawater extraction mineral matter, is characterized in: it is greater than extracting mineral matter the deep sea water of 2 kms from the degree of depth.
Owing to taked above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention compares with existing technology, has to relate to big, the value advantages of higher of seawater mineral concentration height, the extraction mineral matter got mineral quality easy, that obtain.
It is according to being:
According to the chemical thermodynamics principle, since the effect of gravitational field, the always past more depths of seawater, and its mineral concentration is high more.Can be formulated as follows:
C=Coexp (γ mgH/RT) or C/Co=exp (γ mgH/RT)
The meaning of each symbol is as follows respectively in the following formula:
The mineral concentration of the mineral concentration C o-sea seawater of C-deep sea water
Exp-natural exponential function symbol γ-correction factor
M-mineral matter molal weight g-acceleration of gravity
H---sea water advanced R---gas constant
T---ocean temperature
Wherein on behalf of actual concentrations in the gravitational field, correction factor γ distribute to depart from the degree that ideal concentration distributes, relevant with the composition of mineral matter and seawater and character, sea water advanced, temperature etc., can determine by experiment, sea water advanced be not approximately under the very big situation to be considered as 1, m is between the 0.06-0.2kg/mol at 60-200g/mol usually, desirable m=0.08kg/mol calculates, g=9.8m/s
2, R=8.31J/mol.K, T gets 298K, and the substitution formula calculates the C/Co ≈ 2 at H=2 km place, when H＞2 kms, C/Co＞2 is arranged.
As seen in the deep sea water of H＞2 kms, mineral concentration is the above tide seawater obviously, has more extraction value, therefore will extract mineral matter from such seawater.Sea water advanced H is big more according to formula, and mineral matter molal weight m is big more, the mineral matter component is got over " weight " in other words, concentration ratio C/Co is also big more, this explanation " heavy element " in the enrichment of territory, deep-sea, hence one can see that: can extract valuable unit and belong to by deep sea water is a large amount of, even can attempt therefrom seeking according to present period of element theory and draw but undiscovered what is called of a specified duration " superheavy element ".Inferior that trench of Pacific Mali, the depths reaches 11 kms, and the valuable first ion concentration sea seawater that belongs to that calculates the there according to formula can exceed thousandfold, and all the other content of mineral substances are also quite high, should be the first-selected places of implementing present technique.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the invention situation schematic diagram.
Fig. 1 shows three kinds of situations of the embodiment of the invention: A type, Type B, C type.These three kinds of situations all are greater than extracting mineral matter the deep sea water W of 2 kms from depth H.
The A type is not fetch water to extract the situation of mineral matter, and it is that the device that extracts the seawater mineral matter is put into the degree of depth greater than therefrom extracting mineral matter in the deep sea water of 2 kms.
It is to get on the ore deposit ship 1 at seawater to hang interchanger 3 in deep sea water W with hawser 2 in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and the exchangers 4 that rely on dress in the interchanger 3 absorb the mineral matter among the deep sea water W get off and obtain mineral matter.Exchanger 4 can adopt ion exchange resin or miniature active metal particle etc. can absorb the seawater mineral matter but water-fast chemical agent is made, so interchanger 3 is actually a chemical reactor.
Type B, C type all are that deep sea water W is fetched into the situation that mineral matter is therefrom extracted on the sea again.
Wherein Type B seals after deep sea water W is filled in the abysmal area with a large water tank 5 and hangs out the sea again therefrom to extract mineral matter.It is the mode of getting the ore deposit a kind of intermittence.Water tank 5 must design that a kind of to be that open type thereby decline resistance are minimum fill the structure that deep sea water W just seals until the abysmal area in two bottom surfaces up and down when being sunk by the sea for this reason.
The C type then is to adopt one to be deep-sea pipe 7 by the sea through to the water pipe among the deep sea water W, deep sea water W carried over this pipeline be retracted to the sea and therefrom extract mineral matter again, and it is the mode that the ore deposit is got in a kind of continuous water intaking.
The interchanger 3 of A type, the deep water pump 6 (being powered to it by the cable that is banded on hawser 2 or the deep-sea pipe 7 by the mining dredger on the sea) of twitching deep sea water all is installed in the deep-sea pipe 7 of C type, the water inlet 8 of deep-sea pipe 7 can take trumpet type or the promptly chemically so-called wide-mouth type design of other similar types that scatters to enter ducted seawater from 8 week of water inlet other abysmal areas but not neritic zone on the mouth of pipe to make as far as possible, the support of pipelines of deep-sea pipe 7 is called for short pipe support 9, can adopt existing deep-sea oil recovery offshore platform, corresponding deep-sea pipe 7 can adopt the deep-sea oil recovery pipeline of having passed into disuse.
There is convection current owing to sea water advanced direction in the actual conditions, shallow-layer low concentration seawater flows into the deep-sea will cause deep sea water mineral concentration to be lower than the aforementioned formula calculated value, and movable place such as volcano arranged in the seabed, as mid-ocean rise one band, because mineral matter is ceaselessly being erupted at the volcanic crater in seawater, the mineral concentration in its deep sea water may be higher than the aforementioned formula calculated value.In the practical application, can do investigation such as degree of depth investigation and seabed activity earlier to a certain regional seawater, the actual content and the extraction value of its mineral determined in the inspection by sampling that remakes deep sea water, and the decision mining type.
Deep sea water with extraction value, according to chemical equilibrium theory, ooze 11 common mine-containing amounts there are also higher, if the condition permission can be implemented present technique more earlier with extraction ooze mineral matters such as overshots.
Press the A type, when the Type B situation is implemented present technique, invest little, instant effect; Press C type situation and implement present technique, investment is big, technical difficulty is big, therefore, very careful during employing.When pressing the enforcement of C type, unless have build up and the deep-sea oil recovery offshore platform that finishes, pass into disuse of recovering the oil available, generally do not adopt the way of building offshore platform to construct pipe support 9, but, make the movable pipe support of deep-sea pipe 7 with large-scale mining dredger 10 with on the pipe 7 large-scale mining dredgers 10 that directly are installed on the sea of deep-sea.
Deep-sea pipe 7 both can adopt rigid material to make, also can adopt flexible material to be made into flexible pipe, that the latter has is collapsible, reel, be convenient to store and advantages such as use, when doing the deep-sea with large-scale mining dredger 10 and manage 7 movable pipe support, especially needs to use this flexible pipe.
In the A type, a kind of more advanced, effective method is arranged, the worth special instruction, Here it is deep-sea electrolysis method for extracting ore, it is to adopt electrolysis installations such as electrolytic cell, electrolysis power to extract the devices of seawater mineral matter as it, with directly extracting its mineral in the method for deep-sea place's electrolysis deep sea water.Its outstanding advantage has: it does not need to use exchanger (4), only needs Faradaic current and just can carry out, and therefore extracts the with low cost of mineral matter; Faradaic current can just be separated with large-current electric and can extract a large amount of mineral matters on a large scale, rapidly from deep sea water according to using needs to be provided with very greatly; In the very big deep sea water of the degree of depth, the content of noble element obviously raises, and adopts this method can obtain a large amount of noble elements from deep sea water.In addition, the equipment of use is electrolysis installation, and is relatively simple for structure, the technology comparative maturity, and equipment manufacturing cost is lower, also is a remarkable advantage of this law.Owing to have these advantages, make it can become one of brilliant attractive method in all method for extracting ore from deep seawater.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment is described further.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment structural representation.
As shown in Figure 2, it is to use electrolysis installations such as deep-sea electrolytic cell 20, deep-sea electrolysis power 17 to extract the device of seawater mineral matter as it in depth H in greater than the deep sea water W of 2 kms, extracts the seawater mineral matter with the method for direct electrolysis deep sea water W.Electrolysis power 17 is encapsulated in the airtight container 18 of water proof, airtight container 18 fuses with electrolytic cell 20, use hawser 13 that it is hung onto among the deep sea water W by mining dredger 12, the anode 22 of electrolytic cell 20, negative electrode 23 adopts insulated cable to be connected on the dc output end of electrolysis power 17, electrolysis power 17 inputs are gone up by the cable 14 (normally being banded on the hawser 13) under drawing on by mining dredger 12 and by its power supply, can obtain the electrolysis direct current at its output, be transferred to the two poles of the earth 22 of electrolytic cell 20, on 23, owing to have water inlet 25 and seawater W to keep being communicated with on the electrolytic cell 20, so being full of, seawater W wherein constitutes electrolyte, so electrolysis can take place, the metal that can be reduced by electric current in the seawater, semimetal (selenium, semiconductor element such as tellurium) ion promptly is reduced and is deposited on the negative electrode on negative electrode 23, therefore cathode weight or electrolysis installation gross weight can constantly increase (anode 22 adopts the inert material, and weight is constant substantially during electrolysis) during electrolysis.Electrolytic cell 20 water inlets 25 places are provided with deep water pump 24, by cable 14 power supplies, can twitch seawater during rotation and flow to delivery port 21, promote electrolytic cell 20 electrolyte insides to bring in constant renewal in, make metal ion can carry out continuously at the electrolytic deposition of negative electrode by water inlet 25.During electrolysis, the regulation and control of Faradaic current, voltage can be realized by the input voltage that raises electric control cable 14 at mining dredger 12.
Because deep sea water is rich in " weight " element, therefore use this law on negative electrode 23, will mainly obtain heavy metal, higher because of gold (Au), platinum precious metal deposition potentials such as (Pt) again, will on negative electrode, preferentially separate out, so will preferentially obtain these precious metals at negative electrode during electrolysis.Deposition potential is relevant with the overpotential of metal ion on electrode material, for optionally obtaining precious metal, can use precious metal ion to separate out the less precious metal active electrode of overpotential thereon and make negative electrode, as Ni-based or nickel plating negative electrode etc.; For obtaining uranium active precious metals such as (U), can adopt the liquid metal electrode to make negative electrode; For reducing cathode-current density to improve its current efficiency.Can use large area cathode, it can adopt multiple layer metal silk screen electrode or multilayer liquid metal electrode by the superimposed composition of midfeather one segment distance (liquid metal electrode should horizontal positioned) " three-dimensional negative electrode ".
Anode will have halogen simple substance to generate during electrolysis, as iodine, bromine etc., electrolytic cell delivery port 21 usefulness pipelines can be communicated in the container that halogen simple substance recovery catalyst (can be adsorbent, extractant, chemical reaction reagent etc.) be housed, be reclaimed when making these anodic products flow through wherein recovery catalyst with seawater.
Electrolysis power 17 is made up of elements such as rectifier 26, wave filter 27, secondary coil 28, iron core 29, primary coils 30.These element all are encapsulated in the airtight container 18, filling dubbin 19 in the close device 18, it is water-fast oily substance, container 18 is provided with the piston tube 16 that two ends are communicated with seawater W and dubbin 19, dress piston 15 in the piston tube 16, play insulating sea water W and keep the pressure of airtight container 18 inner waterproofing oil 19 and the balance of the pressure of the outer seawater W of airtight container, this is for guaranteeing that electrolysis power 17 is not subjected to seawater influence and operate as normal and airtight container 18 be not because of the immense pressure of bearing deep sea water is distorted that to be out of shape all be vital.In addition, dubbin 19 density are littler than water usually, and this makes the airtight container 18 of splendid attire dubbin can also produce certain buoyancy in water, alleviates the gross weight of electrolysis installation, and it is lighter to make that it uses, so airtight container 18 also has the effect of buoyant device concurrently.Certainly, this buoyant device also can independently separately be provided with and use, it is because energy holding device internal and external pressure balance, thereby wall that it goes without doing is very thick, in light weight, the manufacturing technology difficulty is little, and cost is low, can extensively be provided with and use on various underwater installations to alleviate its weight, it is more light to make it manipulate.The various underwater installations that use among the present invention comprise that hawser needs all that generally buoyant device is set and comes loss of weight, just have been extensive use of the buoyant device of this structure.
What deserves to be mentioned is; the deep water pump that uses among the present invention (6,24); its motor also can use has airtight container 18 1 spline structures (19; 15; 16) container comes seal protection (but must notice that motor shaft needs to reach the outer wheel rotation with the drive deep water pump of container by the hole of a sealing), to adapt to the deep water need of work.In addition, in the embodiment of above-mentioned A type, can not establish deep water pump, start mining dredger (1,12) and come implement device (3,20) maritime interior waters to upgrade with the way that pulls interchanger (3), electrolytic cell (20) and in seawater, advance and directly adopt.
Above-mentioned mining dredger (1,10,12 etc.), as a kind of seagoing vessel that is used for extracting mineral matter from seawater since it be from the degree of depth greater than extracting mineral matter the deep sea water of 2 kms, therefore be commonly called the extracting ore from deep seawater ship.It can be formed by the above-mentioned extracting ore from deep seawater equipment of installing on seagoing vessel, equipment (2,3,5,7,13,14,17,20 etc.) structure, can also be with existing bittern chemical industry equipment installing wherein to assist to extract, separate the deep sea water mineral matter.
Claims (11)
1, method for extracting ore from deep seawater is a kind of method from seawater extraction mineral matter, it is characterized in that: it is greater than extracting mineral matter the deep sea water (W) of 2 kms from the degree of depth.
2, method for extracting ore from deep seawater as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is the device that extracts the seawater mineral matter to be put in the deep sea water (W) of the degree of depth greater than 2 kms therefrom extract mineral matter.
3, method for extracting ore from deep seawater as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: it adopts interior dress can absorb the seawater mineral matter but the chemical reactor (3) of water-fast chemical agent (4) extracts the device of seawater mineral matter as it.
4, method for extracting ore from deep seawater as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: it adopts electrolytic cell (20), electrolysis power electrolysis installations such as (17) to extract the device of seawater mineral matter as it.
5, deep-sea electrolysis power (17), comprise primary coil (30), iron core (29), secondary coil (28), wave filter (27), rectifier element such as (26), it is characterized in that: it is these element to be encapsulated in inside filling in the airtight container (18) of dubbin (19), on this container (18), be provided with the structure (15,16) that to keep the container internal and external pressure balance.
6, method for extracting ore from deep seawater as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is fetched into the sea with deep sea water (W) and therefrom extracts mineral matter again.
7, method for extracting ore from deep seawater as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: it is fetched into the sea after with a water tank (5) deep sea water (W) being encapsulated.
8, method for extracting ore from deep seawater as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: it is to adopt a branching pipe (7) that deep sea water (W) is retracted to the sea.
9, water pipe as claimed in claim 8 (7) is characterized in that: it adopts flexible material to make, collapsible, coiling.
10, a kind of buoyant device is an airtight container (18) that can produce buoyancy in water, it is characterized in that: filling the dubbin (19) of density less than water in the container, and be provided with the structure (15,16) that can keep the container internal and external pressure balance.
11, a kind of motor of deep water work is to use an airtight container to seal, and it is characterized in that: filling dubbin (19) in the container, and be provided with the structure that can keep the container internal and external pressure balance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 98121702 CN1237677A (en) | 1997-12-13 | 1998-12-11 | Mine-taking method by using sea water of deep sea |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97122378A CN1187574A (en) | 1997-12-13 | 1997-12-13 | Method for extracting ore from deep seawater |
| CN97122378.5 | 1997-12-13 | ||
| CN 98121702 CN1237677A (en) | 1997-12-13 | 1998-12-11 | Mine-taking method by using sea water of deep sea |
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| CN1237677A true CN1237677A (en) | 1999-12-08 |
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| CN 98121702 Pending CN1237677A (en) | 1997-12-13 | 1998-12-11 | Mine-taking method by using sea water of deep sea |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107178368A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-09-19 | 山东未来机器人有限公司 | Suction strainer mining vehicle under water |
| CN108915688A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-30 | 黄建青 | A kind of oceanic mineral resources quarrying apparatus |
| CN117104890A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-11-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Variable-mass steady-state conveying intermediate bin and speed-dependent variable control method realized by same |
| CN117776348A (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-03-29 | 国家深海基地管理中心 | Electrochemical device and method for rapid coagulation sedimentation of deep sea mining plume |
-
1998
- 1998-12-11 CN CN 98121702 patent/CN1237677A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107178368A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-09-19 | 山东未来机器人有限公司 | Suction strainer mining vehicle under water |
| CN107178368B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2023-07-11 | 山东未来机器人有限公司 | Underwater suction filtration mining vehicle |
| CN108915688A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-30 | 黄建青 | A kind of oceanic mineral resources quarrying apparatus |
| CN108915688B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2022-07-12 | 临沂中科英泰智能科技有限责任公司 | Ocean mineral resources exploitation device |
| CN117104890A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-11-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Variable-mass steady-state conveying intermediate bin and speed-dependent variable control method realized by same |
| CN117104890B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Variable-mass steady-state conveying intermediate bin and speed-dependent variable control method realized by same |
| CN117776348A (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-03-29 | 国家深海基地管理中心 | Electrochemical device and method for rapid coagulation sedimentation of deep sea mining plume |
| CN117776348B (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-06-04 | 国家深海基地管理中心 | Electrochemical device and method for rapid coagulation sedimentation of deep sea mining plume |
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