CN1218155A

CN1218155A - Method for hydraulic coupling transmission

Info

Publication number: CN1218155A
Application number: CN 97119779
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张玉良
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-11-11
Filing date: 1997-11-11
Publication date: 1999-06-02
Also published as: WO1999024737A1; AU1139899A

Abstract

A universal hydraulically coupled drive method with the capability of stepless speed variation technically features that based on the structure and working principle of hydraulic pump, the "rotor" and "stator" of hydraulic pump are respectively used as the drive rotor and driven rotor or vice versa, and the stepless speed variation is implemented by controlling the flow of working liquid flowing cyclically or the working capacity of hydraulic pump with the speed variation range from almost zero to 100%. Its advantages are high efficiency, and multiple purposes.

Description

Method for hydraulic coupling transmission

The present invention relates to the hydraulic transmission method of a kind of general continuously variable in the dynamic power machine liquid transmission field.

At present the method for liquid transmission continuously variable has two kinds of hydraudynamic drive and hydraulic transmissions, hydraudynamic drive such as fluid coupling are to be medium with liquid, the kinetic energy of liquid is converted into mechanical energy, hydraulic transmission is to use the liquid that is sealed in the system as medium, rely on hydraulic pressure transfer mechanical energy, generally (edit according to Li Xian by oil hydraulic pump and common realization of oil hydraulic motor, " hydraulic transmission and the control " that publishing house of University Of Chongqing publishes) major defect of these transmission device is complex structures, volume is big, the cost height, efficient is low, so these transmission device can not be extensive use of in a lot of fields.

The rotatable stepless change method of hydraulic control planet (according to Chinese patent " hydraulic control planet gear type stepless speed change method " 96122554.8 application time of application number 96.10.12) is to utilize gear pump structure, a gear with gear pump is a power rotor, other gear constitutes driven rotor with the form of planet wheel with shell and realizes stepless change between the moving rotor of principal and subordinate by the working solution circular flow of valve control gear pump, it comes down to a kind of gear pump type Vulcan coupling, though its structure is simple, volume is little, cost is low, but the leakage current loss is big, efficient is difficult to improve, and practicability is not strong.

The objective of the invention is gear pump coupling type transmission principle is expanded to all hydraulic pump, form a kind of method for hydraulic coupling transmission of series.Technological scheme of the present invention is: a kind of drive method of hydraulic coupling formula continuously variable, utilize hydraulic pressure pump structure and working principle, with " rotor " and " stator " of oil hydraulic pump as the driving and driven rotor of driving mechanism or opposite, promptly " stator " is unfixing, and " rotor " and " stator " makes working solution produce pressure and flow by slip.The hydraulic pressure delivery side of pump is by the Flow-rate adjustment part, and pipeline links to each other with the inlet of " oil hydraulic pump " with other working liquid body passages and forms circulation canal, thereby forms hydraulic coupling mechanism.

Working principle according to oil hydraulic pump, the flow of oil hydraulic pump is directly proportional with relative rotation speed and displacement volume between the driving and driven rotor of oil hydraulic pump in theory, otherwise, for oil hydraulic pump formula coupler, when changing the displacement volume of its working solution circular flow or change pump, just can control the relative rotation speed between the driving and driven rotor, thereby realize the stepless change between the driving and driven rotor.Infinite variable speed control gear can be divided into two kinds basically, a kind ofly directly come Control work liquid recycle stream amount as the Flow-rate adjustment part exactly with throttle valve, the patent specification of planet gear type stepless speed change method has been done detailed introduction to this method, and principle was the same substantially when other oil hydraulic pump formula couplers adopted this method; Another kind method just is to use oil hydraulic motor to come Control work liquid circulation flow as the Flow-rate adjustment part, and the rotor of oil hydraulic motor is coaxial fixing with driven rotor.The oil hydraulic pump outer pipe links to each other with the oil hydraulic motor inlet, it is that oil hydraulic pump is identical with oil hydraulic motor working solution flow that the outlet of oil hydraulic motor is led to continuous with the oil hydraulic pump inlet by other working solution, if the rotating speed of the moving rotor of principal and subordinate is n1, n2, oil hydraulic pump, the displacement volume of oil hydraulic motor (actual volume of the working liquid body that passed through of whenever circling when displacement volume is meant the work of oil hydraulic pump or oil hydraulic motor here) is v1 and v2, then has:

v1(n1-n2)=v2n2

That is: n2/n1=v1/ (v1+v2)

Therefore as long as adopt variable displacement pump and variable displacement motor just can realize the stepless change of 0-100% scope between driving and driven rotor, though and Vulcan coupling has been set up oil hydraulic motor replacement throttle valve equipment complexity, but avoided restriction loss, the hydraulic pressure that the moving rotor of principal and subordinate is produced when transmitting shaft work can pass to driven rotor by oil hydraulic motor, make Vulcan coupling disregard mechanical losses such as bearing, sealing, the transmission efficiency theoretical value can reach 100%, this be fluid coupling can't realize.In addition, for realizing the maximum (top) speed ratio, the oil hydraulic motor displacement volume becomes hour, for making its volumetric loss also become 0, can set up valve in " oil hydraulic pump " outlet and cut off the path (not providing in the accompanying drawing) that the working solution fluid enters oil hydraulic motor fully, the transmission efficiency when improving maximum (top) speed than transmission.

Advantage of the present invention is:

(1) utilized hydraulic pump structure and working principle dexterously, constituted hydraulic coupling formula driving mechanism, because of hydraulic element have been realized standardization, seriation, so Vulcan coupling is easily realized standardization, seriation.

(2) compare the transmission efficiency theoretical value with fluid coupling and can reach 100%, belong to the high efficiency transmission, need not set up complicated cooling and lubricating utensil and pipe-line system, equipment cost is reduced significantly, practicability significantly strengthens.

(3) reduce because of the working solution flow increases with rotating ratio, flow losses reduce thereupon, compare not only simple in structurely with the transmission device that oil hydraulic pump and oil hydraulic motor are formed, and being more suitable for high rotating ratio or groundwork scope is the transmission of high rotating ratio.

(4) slewing range can realize 0-98%.

(5) various informative because of oil hydraulic pump and oil hydraulic motor, can adapt to multiple operating conditions, therefore method for hydraulic coupling transmission will have purposes widely on this basis, except that blade type, axial piston, also have oil hydraulic pump such as radial plunger type and oil hydraulic motor can constitute the hydraulic coupling mechanism of different purposes mutually.

(6) structural feature of hydraulic coupling formula can realize that oil hydraulic pump and oil hydraulic motor are simultaneously to the driven shaft transmitting torque, it is moving to be that the two bears axle simultaneously, therefore compare with the drive method that oil hydraulic motor directly makes up with oil hydraulic pump under the equal conditions, the pressure that equipment bears is little, improve operating conditions, prolonged working life.

(7) method for hydraulic coupling transmission efficient height is simple in structure, can design the Vulcan coupling of deciding rotating ratio, can replace gear type or other speed reducer work, has both saved steel, space, can reduce noise again.

Description of drawings of the present invention:

The common schematic diagram of forming the vane hydraulic coupler that constitutes by constant flow paddle pump and variable vane motor of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Fig. 1 is the general construction sketch; The A that Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are respectively Fig. 1 to view, mainly represents flow face structural principle to, B.

Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the vane hydraulic coupler of momentum vane pump and momentum sliding-vane motor formation.

The common schematic diagram of forming the axial base for post formula Vulcan coupling that constitutes by quantitative axial piston pump and variable axial plunger motor of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.Fig. 5 is the general construction sketch, and Fig. 6 is the flow schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 is power rotor inclination angle a kind of linkage type control mechanism sketch of axial plunger type hydraulic coupler.

Fig. 8 is that the power rotor inclination angle of axial plunger type hydraulic coupler is by centrifugal fly-weight automatic control mechanism sketch.

Fig. 9 is that the power rotor inclination angle of axial plunger type hydraulic coupler is by servo variable mechanism automatic control mechanism sketch.

Reach embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and further specify the present invention:

Embodiment 1: comprise accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 4, its working principle is that the pressure oil that driving shaft 7 drive power rotors 6 produce oil hydraulic pump passes through to press oily crescent 12, press oily window 13 and 15 and pressure oil groove 14 enter oil hydraulic motor oil-feed crescent 10 with 11 conductings of oil hydraulic motor oil-feed window, making hydraulic motor rotor 4 drag driven shaft 2 rotates, the oil return of oil hydraulic motor is by its oil return crescent 9 process

oil return windows

8 and 16 conductings of oil hydraulic pump oil suction groove, through

oil return window

17 and 18 conductings of vane pump oil suction crescent, finish the working oil path circulation of vane hydraulic coupler.Power rotor 6 produces torque to driven shaft by hydraulic pressure by oil hydraulic pump shell 5 and hydraulic motor rotor 4 simultaneously when rotating, finish drive task jointly.The stepless change of driving mechanism is to be finished by the change of the handle 1 and oil hydraulic motor stator 3 degree of eccentricitys, infinite variable speed scope is by vane pump displacement volume v1 and the decision of sliding-vane motor displacement volume v2 excursion, but speed adjustable range is limited during actual the use, for making infinite variable speed expanded range to 0-100%, can adopt variable vane pump (as accompanying drawing 4), the degree of eccentricity of its shell is by centrifugal force that self produces and spring 20 controls, for making pump and motor excellent fit oil, set up distribution oil ring 19, it joins oily principle to above-mentioned similar.When v2 increased, v1 reduced automatically in the work, and when v2 reduced, v1 increased automatically, and speed adjustable range expands near 0-100% like this.

Embodiment 2: comprise accompanying drawing 5, accompanying drawing 6, accompanying drawing 7, accompanying drawing 8 and accompanying drawing 9, hydraulic coupling formula driving mechanism is made up of axial piston pump and piston motor, on the same cylinder body 26 in the plunger place of the two, opening is reverse, when power rotor 25 rotated, oil hydraulic pump drove plunger 27 work by swash plate 25 and spring 29, by one-way valve 28 guiding, operating oil pressure in the oil suction circular grooves 31 is gone up in the oily circular groove 30 of the lip-deep pressure of oil distribution sleeve, for oil hydraulic motor provides pressure oil in oil distribution sleeve 23 surface.Oil distribution sleeve 23 utilizes the inner passage will press oily circular groove 30 and presses oily crescent 33 conductings, with oil suction

circular groove

31 and 32 conductings of oil suction crescent, each oil cylinder of base for post motor is joined oil by the oil distributing pipe of correspondence, one end is in pump side and the conducting of oil hydraulic motor oil cylinder, the other end opening, radially arrange in the oil hydraulic motor side, opening rotates with cylinder body along the crescent surface of oil distribution sleeve 23, when opening forwards to when pressing oily crescent 33, oil guide pipe imports the oil hydraulic motor oil cylinder with pressure oil, make oil hydraulic motor pass through plunger 24 and produce torque with swash plate 21 interaction partners driven rotors 26, when opening forwarded oil suction crescent 32 to, oil guide pipe imported the oil suction crescent with the working oil that the oil hydraulic motor oil cylinder withdraws from.Power rotor 25 rotates when producing pressure oil, also produces torque to driven rotor 26, finishes drive task.The stepless change of driving mechanism is to realize by the inclination angle size of control mechanism (not providing in the accompanying drawing) control swash plate 21 along driven shaft 22, infinite variable speed scope is by the excursion decision of hydraulic pump works capacity v1 and oil hydraulic motor displacement volume v2, but same speed adjustable range is limited, for making infinite variable speed expanded range to 0-100%, should adopt axial variable displacement plunger pump, the acting in conjunction of the variable by pump and motor realizes that speed change regulates, and its concrete scheme has:

1, the variation at power rotor swash plate phase countershaft inclination angle is controlled (as accompanying drawing 7) by the axial displacement that is arranged in the slide block on the driving shaft by linkage mechanism.

2, the variation at power rotor swash plate countershaft inclination angle is by the centrifugal fly-weight 35 and the spring 34 that are arranged on the driven rotor cylinder body, along with the driven rotor rotation speed change is controlled (as accompanying drawing 8) jointly automatically by linkage mechanism.

3, the variation of the inclination of power rotor swash plate and rotating shaft, automatically control (as accompanying drawing 9) by the hydraulic servo stroking mechanism that is arranged on the driven rotor cylinder body by linkage mechanism, the servo slide-valve gear 36 of servo variable mechanism is along the cylinder body radial arrangement, and variable piston 37 is arranged vertically; Working solution is taken from and is joined oil jacket bucket 23, import in the variable piston cylinder through servo slide-valve gear control, servo slide-valve gear determines it that oil circuit is controlled by the centrifugal force variable that induction driven rotor rotation speed change produces, and then the axial displacement of controlled variable piston 37, automatically control the inclination angle of the swash plate countershaft of oil hydraulic pump by linkage mechanism, realize control (the variable piston is to the reaction mechanism accompanying drawing part omitted of servo slide-valve gear) here the hydraulic pump works capacity.

In sum, when v2 increased, V1 is corresponding to be reduced automatically in the work; When V2 reduces, the corresponding automatic increase of v1, speed adjustable range expands near 0-100% like this.

Claims

1, a kind of method for hydraulic coupling transmission, use hydraulic pump structure to form hydraulic coupling formula driving mechanism, it is characterized in that: with " rotor " and " stator " of oil hydraulic pump as the driving and driven rotor of coupling type driving mechanism or opposite, the outlet passage of oil hydraulic pump is equipped with the Flow-rate adjustment part, and the displacement volume by Control work flow quantity or oil hydraulic pump realizes rotating ratio between driving and driven rotor.

2, as method as described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: the Flow-rate adjustment part of hydraulic coupling formula driving mechanism is a valve.

3, as method as described in the claim 1, the Flow-rate adjustment part that it is characterized in that hydraulic coupling formula driving mechanism is an oil hydraulic motor, and the rotor of oil hydraulic motor is coaxial fixing with driven rotor.

4, as method as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: hydraulic coupling formula driving mechanism is made up of " vane pump " and variable vane motor, is power rotor with " rotor " of vane pump, and its " stator " is that shell is a driven rotor; The rotor of sliding-vane motor is fixed on the driven shaft, and the degree of eccentricity by the regulator solution pressure motor realizes the control to the working solution flow.

5, as method as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: vane pump is a volume adjustable hydraulic pump, and its variable is subjected to centrifugal action to produce radial displacement automatically by pump casing to change the degree of eccentricity and realize.

6, as method as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: hydraulic coupling formula transmission device is made up of axial piston pump and variable axial plunger motor, is power rotor with the swash plate of plunger pump, and cylinder body is a driven rotor; The cylinder body of piston motor and the cylinder body of plunger pump are one, and the plunger assembly direction is opposite.

7, as method as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that: the variable pitchization of power rotor swash plate phase countershaft, its variable is controlled by linkage mechanism by the slide block that can produce axial displacement.

8, as method as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that: the variable pitchization of power rotor swash plate phase countershaft, its variable is by being arranged in centrifugal fly-weight on the driven rotor cylinder body along with the driven rotor rotation speed change is controlled automatically by linkage mechanism.

9, as method as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that: the variablyization of power rotor swash plate and rotating shaft, its variable is controlled by linkage mechanism automatically by the hydraulic servo stroking mechanism that is arranged on the hydraulic coupling formula transmission device, the servo guiding valve of servo variable mechanism is arranged on the driven rotor cylinder body and makes its centrifugal force variable that causes by the induction rotation speed change, and control hydraulic servo stroking mechanism is worked automatically.