CN1214154A - Ground fault circuit interrupter - Google Patents

Ground fault circuit interrupter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1214154A
CN1214154A CN 96180153 CN96180153A CN1214154A CN 1214154 A CN1214154 A CN 1214154A CN 96180153 CN96180153 CN 96180153 CN 96180153 A CN96180153 A CN 96180153A CN 1214154 A CN1214154 A CN 1214154A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
circuit
switch
state
solenoid relay
relay
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Granted
Application number
CN 96180153
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1074190C (en
Inventor
维克托·V·阿罗明
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Tower Manufacturing Corp
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Tower Manufacturing Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/331—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers responsive to earthing of the neutral conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/334—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A ground fault circuit interrupter, GFCI, interrupts the flow of current through a pair of lines (L, N) extending between a source of power and a load and includes a circuit breaker having a switch located in one of the pair of lines. The switch has a first position in which the source is not connected to the load and a second position in which the source is connected to the load. A relay circuit (15) including a solenoid (SOL1) is coupled to the switch for selectively positioning the switch in either the first or second position. When the solenoid is energized, the switch is positioned in the second position and when the solenoid is de-energiyed, the switch is positioned in the first position. A booster circuit (19) selectively supplies a first voltage to the solenoid which is sufficient to energize the solenoid and a power supply circuit (17) supplies a second lower valued voltage to the solenoid sufficient to maintain the solenoid in its energized state. A latch circuit (23) allows the solenoid to switch between energized states and a fault detecting circuit (21) detects a fault condition thereby causing the latch circuit to latch the solenoid in the de-energized state.

Description

Ground fault circuit interrupter
Background of invention
The present invention relates generally to electric safety device, relate in particular to ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI).
Conventional appliances are imported from interchange (AC) electric power such as power supplys such as supply sockets via couple of conductor usually.This is commonly referred to the electric wire and the neutral line to lead, and it makes appliances or the necessary electric current of load energy input service.
Appliances are connected with power supply by couple of conductor and cause some potential precarious positions.Especially the risk that in lead, has earth fault and neutral earthing state.Ground-fault condition will take place when having imbalance between the electric current of the flow through electric wire and the neutral line.When the neutral line neutral earthing state will take place during load place ground connection.Earth fault and neutral earthing state are breakneck, and may cause serious damage.
In the art, be well-known for ground fault circuit interrupter, it is generally used for guarding against earth fault and neutral earthing state.Usually, the GFCI device detects the generation of earth fault and neutral earthing state in the lead, and in view of the above and at least one lead between deenergization and the load with the state of eliminating danger.
The 5th, 177, No. 657 United States Patent (USP)s of people such as M.Baer have disclosed a kind of ground fault circuit interrupter circuit, and it can flow to a pair of electric wire that extends by interruptive current between power supply and load.This ground fault circuit interrupter circuit comprises: circuit breaker comprises the normal open switch that is arranged in or two electric wires; The relay circuit of closed normal open switch selectively; The electronics latch circuit that can under first and second bistable states, operate; Failure detector circuit; In order to detect existing malfunction at least one electric wire.When the electronics latch circuit was in first bistable state, the electronics latch circuit made the closed normal open switch of relay circuit and makes this normal open switch maintain closure state.When the electronics latch circuit was in its second bistable state, it also made relay circuit allow normal open switch to return its normally open.Failure detector circuit detects the malfunction that exists at least one electric wire, and when detecting malfunction, makes the electronics latch circuit be locked in its second state.
The 5th, 418, No. 678 United States Patent (USP)s of T.M.McDonald have disclosed a kind of improved ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) device, and it requires the AC power or the power terminal that interrupt are manually set next initial connection.This improved GFCI device utilizes the controlled switch device, and the latter allows the relay contact group of GFCI device only just closed when power supply can be used for output or load end in response to the load power source signal.The controlled switch device preferably includes the switching device of photoisolator or other type, when the relay contact group disconnects, can provide isolation between GFCI input and output.This improved GFCI device can be included in, in portable units such as plug-in unit or mains cord device, in order to be used with the AC socket that does not add protection.
The 4th, 816, No. 957 United States Patent (USP)s of L.F.Invin have disclosed a kind of adapter, and it comprises moistureproof housing, and improved, the ground path fault-interrupter of testing oneself device wherein is housed.This improved device connector outer with being installed in the adapter housing interconnects on electric, thereby makes adapter can directly insert the standard duplex delivery outlet of available circuit.This adapter comprises the circuit of the operability of energy automatic testing equipment when it inserts duplexing delivery outlet, need not user's manual operation testing button or other tangible action
The 4th, 578, No. 732 United States Patent (USP)s of people such as C.W.Draper have disclosed a kind of wall outlet ground fault circuit interrupter, and this circuit interrupter has can be from a pair of socket that touches previously of circuit interrupter, a replacement button and a testing button.This circuit interrupter has the quick-action contact of breech lock, also has novel latching relay structure, so that can be disconnected to this quick-action contact is maintained the circuit on-position.This quick-action contact allows all constituents to comprise and monitors that ring and power supply lay respectively at and be connected the load-side of quick-action contact, thus, all circuit of circuit interrupter is disconnected.This quick-action contact mechanism and relay have been equipped with a kind of like this structure, the contact action that it makes circuit interrupter have the auto-cutout mode, and the anti-quick-action operating of contacts that tangles that brings therefrom.
The defective of an above-mentioned class GFCI device is, the GFCI device generally includes bigger solenoid relay with switching switching device optionally.Especially, solenoid relay needs permanent supply (being about 120 volts) usually, makes the solenoid relay switching and is maintained at energized condition.As a result, solenoid relay is equivalent to a big power consumption power supply.In addition, to the solenoid relay permanent supply this relay will obviously be generated heat also may burn out.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new and improved ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI).
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of GFCI, it can detect earth fault and the neutral earthing state that exists in the lead, and it comprises the solenoid relay of at least one lead between solenoid relay deenergization and the load in view of the above.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of GFCI that adopts the above-mentioned type, solenoid relay wherein can encourage and be maintained at energized condition, and the power consumption minimum.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of GFCI that adopts the above-mentioned type, and solenoid relay wherein can encourage and be maintained at energized condition, and caloric value is minimum.
Further aim of the present invention is to provide a kind of GFCI that adopts the above-mentioned type, and it can be produced in batches, and it is minimum that number of components reaches, and assembling easily.
The GFCI that constitutes according to the present invention is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it comprises: circuit breaker, there is a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, described switch has the primary importance and the second place, when primary importance, the power supply of line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of line related is connected to load; Relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance; Start-up circuit, selectively first voltage is offered solenoid relay, be enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state, when described switch was positioned at its primary importance, described first voltage was supplied with described solenoid relay via described switch; Power circuit, described power circuit offers solenoid relay with second voltage, after initial power supply by first voltage, described second voltage is enough to make solenoid relay to be maintained at its energized condition, this second voltage is less than first voltage, and second voltage is enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state; Latch circuit, work in the first and second bistable state states, when being in the first bistable state state, described latch circuit allows described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition and be maintained at its energized condition from its de-energized state, when being in the second bistable state state, described latch circuit makes described solenoid relay switch to its de-energized state and be maintained at its de-energized state from its energized condition; Failure detector circuit detects the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that extends, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state when recording described fault between power supply and load.
The another kind of GFCI that constitutes according to the present invention is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it comprises: circuit breaker, there is a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, described switch has the primary importance and the second place, when primary importance, the power supply of line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of line related is connected to load; Relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state and is coupled to described solenoid relay to control the device of described solenoid relay state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance; Start-up circuit, selectively first voltage is offered solenoid relay, be enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state, when described switch was positioned at its primary importance, described first voltage was supplied with described solenoid relay via described switch; Power circuit, described power circuit offers solenoid relay with second voltage, after initial power supply by first voltage, described second voltage is enough to make solenoid relay to be maintained at its energized condition, this second voltage is less than first voltage, and second voltage is enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state; And failure detector circuit, detect the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that between power supply and load, extends, when recording described fault, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state.
The another kind of GFCI that constitutes according to the present invention is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it comprises: circuit breaker, there is a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, described switch has the primary importance and the second place, when primary importance, the power supply of line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of line related is connected to load; Relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance; Power circuit to described GFCI power supply; Latch circuit, work in the first and second bistable state states, when being in the first bistable state state, described latch circuit allows described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition and be maintained at its energized condition from its de-energized state, when being in the second bistable state state, described latch circuit makes described solenoid relay switch to its de-energized state and be maintained at its de-energized state from its energized condition; Failure detector circuit detects the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that extends, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state when recording described fault between power supply and load; The tripping operation indicating circuit indicates described failure detector circuit to record fault.
The another kind of GFCI that constitutes according to the present invention is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it comprises: circuit breaker, there is a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, described switch has the primary importance and the second place, when primary importance, the power supply of its line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of its line related is connected to load; Relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance; Power circuit provides power supply to described GFCI, and described power circuit comprises or first voltage is added to described solenoid relay, or second voltage is added to the device of described solenoid relay; Latch circuit, work in the first and second bistable state states, when being in the first bistable state state, described latch circuit allows described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition and be maintained at its energized condition from its de-energized state, when being in the second bistable state state, described latch circuit makes described solenoid relay switch to its de-energized state and be maintained at its de-energized state from its energized condition; Failure detector circuit detects the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that extends, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state when recording described fault between power supply and load.
Attached purpose of the present invention and feature and advantage will specification with the lower part in illustrated, they can be understood from specification, perhaps are familiar with by practice of the present invention.Be to describe in the specification, and illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention represent by putting into practice with reference to forming its a part of accompanying drawing.These embodiment will be enough at length be described, and make those skilled in the art can put into practice the present invention, be to be understood that the embodiment that can also adopt other simultaneously, and can change its structure under the situation that does not break away from spirit of the present invention.Therefore, not being construed as limiting property of the following detailed description content, scope of the present invention is preferably limited by appending claims.
The accompanying drawing summary
Thus, accompanying drawing is attached to specification and constitutes the part of specification, they illustrate each embodiment of the present invention together with specification, in order to principle of the present invention to be described.In the accompanying drawing, identical reference number is represented identical parts:
Fig. 1 is the schematic circuit of ground fault circuit interrupter of the present invention (GFCI);
Fig. 2 is the schematic circuit of another GFCI of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic circuit of another GFCI of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic circuit of another GFCI of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic circuit of another GFCI of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic circuit of another GFCI of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic circuit of another GFCI of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the schematic circuit of another GFCI of the present invention.
The detailed description of preferred embodiment
Referring now to accompanying drawing especially Fig. 1, the ground fault circuit interrupter (hereinafter referred to as GFCI) that constitutes is advocated in its expression according to the present invention, and this GFCI is whole to be represented with reference number 1.
Below will go through, GFCI11 is arranged to protect when at first load being plugged in it to exempt from the earth fault influence.In case the protection load exempts from the earth fault influence when restoring electricity after GFCI11 also is arranged to cut off the power supply again.In addition, in case after GFCI11 protection load exempted from the earth fault influence, GFCI11 can manually reset, to prevent the earth fault influence once more.
GFCI11 comprises circuit breaker 13, relay circuit 15, power circuit 17, start-up circuit 19, failure detector circuit 21, bi-stable electronic latch circuit 23, filter circuit 25 and test circuit 27.
Circuit breaker 13 comprises a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) SW1 and SW2, and they lay respectively in the electric wire and the neutral line between power supply and the load.The effect of circuit breaker 13 be disconnect selectively and closed this to lead.Switch SW 1 and SW2 can be positioned at any of two kinds of link positions.In first kind of link position shown in Figure 1, switch SW 1 and SW2 are arranged to make power supply to be free of attachment to load and to be connected to start-up circuit 19.With second kind of opposite link position shown in Figure 1 in, switch SW 1 and SW2 are arranged to make power supply to be connected to load and to be free of attachment to start-up circuit 19.In these two kinds of positions, power supply all is connected to power supply 17.
The effect of relay circuit 15 is selectively switch SW 1 and SW2 to be placed its first link position or its second link position.Relay circuit 15 comprises solenoid relay SOL1, transistor Q1, load resistance R3, a pair of voltage divider resistance R 4 and R5 and noise suppression capacitor C5.
The breaker contact point interlock of solenoid relay SOL1 and switch SW 1 and SW2, and the link position of responsible optionally control switch SW1 and SW2.Before power supply was added to GFCI11, solenoid relay SOL1 placed its first link position with switch SW 1 and SW2.After power supply is added to GFC11, switch SW 1 and SW2 will maintain its first link position.When solenoid relay SOL1 encouraged, solenoid relay SOL1 placed second link position with switch SW 1 and SW2.
Notice that concerning conventional GFCI device, the special construction of solenoid relay SOL1 is unique.Especially, the size of SOL1 significantly reduces, and used most solenoid relays lack in the GFCI device of required electric energy than prior art.Particularly, solenoid relay SOL1 has 2400 ohm coil resistance.Because the unique texture of solenoid relay SOL1, line voltage (being about 120 volts) must directly be added on the solenoid relay SOL1, transfers energized condition to make solenoid relay SOL1 at first to from its de-energized state.But what is more important is in case encourage the constant voltage that just need will only be about 28 volts to be added to solenoid relay SOL1 so that it remains on energized condition.Below will go through, start-up circuit 19 is responsible for providing line voltage, makes solenoid relay SOL1 transfer energized condition to from its de-energized state at first, and the constant voltage that power circuit 17 is responsible for providing about 28 volts makes solenoid relay SOL1 be maintained at its energized condition.The minimizing (being about 92 volts) that solenoid relay SOL1 keeps its energized condition required voltage has significantly reduced the power consumption of the SCOL1 in the circuit 11, and has reduced and can cause the heat that solenoid relay SOL1 burns out.
The MPSA42 transistor that transistor Q1 preferably sells for motorola inc offers solenoid relay SOL1 exciting current in order to control.
When transistor Q1 by the time, the electric current solenoid relay SOL1 that can not flow through.On the other hand, when transistor Q1 conducting, the electric current solenoid relay SOL1 that can flow through.The resistance of load resistance R3 is 4.7 kilo-ohms, and its effect is the rectifier (following will the detailed description in detail) in the control latch circuit 23.Each resistance of voltage divider resistance R 4 and R5 is 22 kilo-ohms, and its effect is that the base current that provides essential together makes transistor Q1 conducting.The numerical value of noise suppression capacitor C5 is 0.1 microfarad, and its effect is the noise in the filtering GFCI11.
The effect of power circuit 17 is to provide power supply for GFCI circuit 11.Power circuit 17 comprises metal oxide varistor MOV1, silicon rectifier D1, dropping resistor R8, filtering capacitor C7, bleeder resistance R7, silicon rectifier D2 and D4.The numerical value of rheostat MOV1 is 150 volts, and its effect is the surge voltage of defence from AC power.Silicon rectifier D1 preferably is the IN4005 type, and its effect is that the alternating current from power supply in the electric wire is converted to direct current.The resistance of dropping resistor R8 is 5.1 kilo-ohms, and its effect is to limit the constant input voltage that is added to solenoid relay SOLQ in view of the foregoing.Especially, the line voltage of resistance R 8 in electric wire just drops to it about 28 volts before directly being added to solenoid relay SOL1.The numerical value of filtering capacitor C7 is 22 microfarads, and its effect is that the constant voltage that is added to solenoid relay SOL1 is carried out filtering.The resistance of bleeder resistance R7 is 100 kilo-ohms, and its effect is to be the capacitor C7 electric charge of releasing when power supply takes out when load.Silicon rectifier D2 preferably is the IN4005 type, and its effect is to prevent that start-up circuit 19 (following will being described in detail) the direct voltage surge that provides from entering the other parts of GFCI11.Silicon rectifier D4 preferably is the IN4005 type, and it is as the pressurizer of solenoid relay SOL1, also in order to the charging of quickening filter circuit 25 with quick filter.
The effect of start-up circuit 19 provides is enough to make solenoid relay SOL1 to be initialized as the instantaneous voltage of energized condition from its de-energized state.Start-up circuit 19 comprises silicon rectifier D3 and surge limiting resistance R9.Rectifier D3 preferably is IN4005, and its effect is that the AC power in the power line is converted to DC power supply.When switch SW 1 is in its primary importance and power supply and is added to GFCI11, rectifier D3 provides instantaneous direct voltage to solenoid relay SOL1, make solenoid relay SOL1 excitation, thereby make solenoid relay SOL1 that switch SW 1 and SW2 are moved on to its second link position.When switch SW 1 and SW2 moved on to its second link position, start-up circuit 19 promptly disconnected with power supply.The resistance of resistance R 9 is 47 ohm, and its effect is to prevent rectifier D3 and capacitor C7 overcurrent.
The effect of failure detector circuit 21 is when switch SW 1 and SW2 are positioned at its second link position, detects earth fault and neutral earthing state in the lead.Failure detector circuit 21 comprises sense transformer T1, neutral earthing transformer T2, coupling capacitor C1, a pair of noise suppression capacitor C2 and C8, feedback resistance R2 and ground fault interruption device chip U1.Transformer T1 preferably is the C-5029-01-00 transformer that Magnetic Metals company sells, and transformer T2 preferably is the F-3006-01 transformer that Magnetic Metals company sells.Sense transformer T1 detects the difference between current between the electric wire and the neutral line, and when ground-fault condition occurring, transformer T1 level winding secondarily produces relevant output.The effect of neutral earthing transformer T2 is that associated transformer T1 detects the generation of neutral earthing situation and produces relevant output.The numerical value of coupling capacitor C1 is 47 microfarads, and its effect is that the signal from transformer T1 secondary winding is coupled to chip U1.The numerical value of noise suppression capacitor C2 is 4700 picofarads, and the numerical value of noise suppression capacitor C8 is 1000 picofarads.The effect of capacitor C2 and C8 is to prevent that together testing circuit 21 from disturbing in response to circuit, just action during such as electrical noise and rudimentary fault.The numerical value of tuning capacitor C3 is 0.033 microfarad, and the resistance of feedback resistance is 908 kilo-ohms.The effect of capacitor C3 and resistance R 2 is that the minimum fault current that can make failure detector circuit 21 output signal be offered latch circuit 23 is set together.The RV4145 type low-power ground fault interruption device circuit that interrupter chip U1 preferably sells for Raytheon company.The fault-signal that chip U1 produces in order to amplifying transformer T1 also will be exported pulse and offer active latch circuit 23 on pin 5.
The effect of latch circuit 23 is to take out the signal of telecommunication that failure detector circuit 21 produces when recording earth fault or neutral earthing state, and offers currentless solenoid relay SOL1.Latch circuit 23 comprises silicon controlled rectifier SCR1, noise suppression capacitor C4 and the reset switch SW4 that can work in conduction or non-conductive state.The EC103A rectifier that rectifier SCR1 preferably sells for Teccor company, its effect be connect selectively with cutoff relay circuit 15 in transistor Q1.The numerical value of noise suppression capacitor C4 is 2.2 microfarads, and its effect is to move because of the electrical noise in the circuit 11 when preventing that rectifier SCR1 is in nonconducting state.Reset switch SW4 is conventional push-pull switch, and its effect is when removing the holding current of the anode of rectifier SCR1 when pressing, and the rectifier SCR1 that is in conducting state is ended.
The effect of filter circuit 25 is variation direct voltages of smoothly being provided by power supply and provides filtered direct voltage to the power input of chip U1.Filter circuit 25 comprises dropping resistor R6, and preferable resistance is 18 kilo-ohms, and its effect is to regulate the suitable voltage that is added on the chip U1.Filter circuit 25 also comprises DC filter capacitors C6, and preferable numerical value is 3.3 microfarads, and its effect is the ripple that filtering is added to the voltage on the chip U1.
Test circuit 27 provides the whether means of operate as normal of test circuit 11.Test circuit 27 comprises that resistance is 15 kilo-ohms current-limiting resistance R1 and the Test Switchboard SW3 that adopts the design of conventional push-in type.When pressing SW3 to test circuit 27 power supplies, resistance R 1 provides the simulated failure electric current to transformer T1, and it is similar to ground fault condition.
During use, GFCI11 in the following manner.Before initial the connection, switch SW 1 and SW2 are usually located at its first link position, as shown in Figure 1.
When the end of GFCI11 is initially connected to load, when the other end was initially connected to power supply, about 120 volts line voltage was added to solenoid relay SOL1 and encourages solenoid relay SOL1 via start-up circuit 19.In case solenoid relay SOL1 excitation even solenoid relay SOL1 switch SW 1 and SW2 move to its second link position (with position opposite shown in Figure 1), is cancelled thus by start-up circuit 19 and being powered to solenoid relay SOL1.Yet, owing to have 28 volts of constant voltages to supply to solenoid relay SOL1 by power circuit 17, so solenoid relay SOL1 is maintained at its energized condition.
Because solenoid relay SOL1 is maintained at its energized condition, rectifier SCR1 is in nonconducting state, transistor Q1 conducting, and it makes electric current pass through solenoid relay SOL1.When recording earth fault or neutral earthing state, failure detector circuit 21 is delivered to rectifier SCR1 with electric current makes rectifier SCR1 be in conducting state, and transistor Q1 is ended.Because transistor Q1 ends, electric current can not pass through solenoid relay SOL1, makes solenoid relay SOL1 become de-energisation thus.In case de-energisation even solenoid relay SOL1 switch SW 1 and SW2 get back to its first link position, is cut off thus by the power supply of power supply to the load supply.
In case malfunction is eliminated, can circuit 11 be reset by manual push switch SW4.Push switch SW4 makes electric current pass through reset switch SW4 rather than rectifier SCR1, and it ends SCR1.Make transistor Q1 conducting conversely again, make solenoid relay SOL1 become excitation again.
When power supply is inserted in load, if power cut-off, solenoid relay SOL1 will become de-energisation, cause switch SW 1 and SW2 to return its first link position.When later power up, solenoid relay SOL1 will become excitation again once more, and this will make switch SW 1 and SW2 move to its second place.
Fig. 2 represents to instruct according to the present invention another ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) of formation, and this GFCI is whole with label 31 expressions.
When GFCI31 initially inserts power supply in load, protect load to prevent the earth fault influence automatically.When in a single day GFCI31 can also restore electricity after outage, the protection load prevents the earth fault influence.And in case GFCI31 has protected load to prevent the earth fault influence, it can manually be reset to prevent the earth fault influence once more.
Except that reset switch connects this unique difference, GFCI31 on constituting similar in appearance to GFCI11.In the latch circuit 23 of GFCI11, reset switch SW4 parallel connection is connected across between the anode and negative electrode of rectifier SCR1.In contrast, in the latch circuit 33 of GFCI31, reset switch SW4 connects with rectifier SCR1, and the one end connects the anode of rectifier SCR1, and its other end connects switch SW 2.
During use, GFCI31 moves in the mode similar to GFCI11.In GFCI11 and GFCI31, if failure detector circuit detects earth fault, then silicon controlled rectifier SCR1 conducting, transistor Q1 ends, then, solenoid relay SOL1 de-energisation.But if lead line centering still is a ground-fault condition, failure detector circuit 21 continues to detect earth fault, and then GFCI11 is different with the GFCI31 effect.
Specifically, if in this state, push the reset switch SW4 of GFCI11, as long as press switch SW 4, rectifier SCR1 just ends.Like this, although the lead line is to still existing earth fault, the temporary transient conducting of transistor Q1, thus solenoid relay SOL1 excitation produces the proemial situation of user.
In contrast, if in this state, press the reset switch SW4 of GFCI31, then as long as keep this state, no matter whether switch SW 4 is still pressed, rectifier SCR1 will keep conducting.Like this, when preventing that lead from still having earth fault, solenoid relay SOL1 encourages again, has avoided potential dangerous situation thus.
Fig. 3 represents to instruct according to the present invention another earth fault contact maker (GFCI) of formation, and this GFCI is whole with label 41 expressions.
When GFCI41 initially inserts in load, protect load to prevent the earth fault influence automatically.In a single day GFCI41 also can restore electricity after outage, protect load to prevent the earth fault influence automatically.In case and GFCI41 has protected load to prevent that earth fault influence, GFCI41 from can manually reset to protect load to prevent the earth fault influence once more.
GFCI41 comprises: circuit-breaker 33, relay circuit 35, power circuit 17, start-up circuit 19, failure detector circuit 21, latch circuit 23, filter circuit 25 and test circuit 27.GFCI41 is different from the GFCI11 part and only is, the type of the switch that uses in the circuit-breaker and the capacitor value in the relay circuit.
Specifically, in GFCI41, circuit-breaker 33 comprises single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) SW1 and Chang Kai single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) SW21.When switch SW 21 was opened, as shown in Figure 3, the neutral conductor of power supply did not connect load.And when switch SW 21 closures, the power supply neutral line connects load.In contrast, in the circuit-breaker 13 of GFCI11, switch SW 1 and SW2 all are single-pole single-throw switch (SPST)s.
In addition, the noise suppression capacitor C15 capacity in the relay circuit 35 of GFCI41 is 1 μ F, and the capacitor C5 capacity in the relay circuit 19 is 0.1 μ F.
Fig. 4 represents to instruct according to the present invention another earth fault contact maker (GFCI) of formation, and this GFCI is whole with label 51 expressions.
Hereinafter will go through, when load initially inserted power supply, GFCI51 required manually to push reset switch, prevented the earth fault influence with the protection load.In a single day restore electricity after outage, GFCI51 also requires manually to push reset switch, prevent the ground connection influence with the protection load.And in case GFCI51 has protected load to prevent the earth fault influence, in order to prevent the earth fault influence once more, GFCI51 requires manually to reset.
GFCI51 comprises: circuit-breaker 53, relay circuit 55, power circuit 57, start-up circuit 59, failure detector circuit 61, filter circuit 63 and test circuit 65.Failure detector circuit 62, filter circuit 63 and test circuit 65, constitute and function on, identical with failure detector circuit 21, filter circuit 25 respectively with test circuit 27.
Circuit-breaker 53 only is that with the difference of circuit-breaker 13 switch SW 32 of circuit-breaker 53 is often to drive single-pole single-throw switch (SPST), and the switch SW 2 among the GFCI11 is single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s.Switch SW 32 can be positioned at one of two positions: promptly, as shown in Figure 4, the 1st position of unlatching makes the AC power of power supply not be connected to load; The 2nd closed position makes the AC power of power supply be connected to load.
Relay road circuit 55 is similar to the relay circuit 15 of GFIC11 and the hybrid circuit of latch circuit 23.Specifically, relay circuit 55 comprises solenoid relay SOL31, transistor Q31, silicon controlled rectifier SCR31, load resistance R33, biasing resistor R34 and noise suppression capacitor C34.
Solenoid relay SOL31 constitute with function on identical with solenoid relay SOL1.Transistor Q31 is the 2N2222 transistor preferably, and its effect is the electric current that control offers rectifier SCR31.Rectifier 31 is the EC103D rectifier of Teccor manufacturing preferably, and its effect is whether Control current provides solenoid relay SOL31.Load resistance R33 is preferably 39K Ω, and its effect is to provide collector voltage to transistor Q31.Biasing resistor R34 is preferably 10K Ω, and its effect is with resistance R 3, provides the offset gate electric current to rectifier SCR31.Noise suppression capacitor C34 is preferably 2.2 μ F, and its effect is to prevent that transistor Q31 is because of the electrical noise conducting in the electric current.
Power circuit 57, except wherein not comprising the bleeder resistance R7 in the circuit 17, all the other are all identical with power circuit 17.
Start-up circuit 59 is basic identical with start-up circuit 18, and unique difference is that in circuit 51, reset switch SW4 is arranged in start-up circuit 59, and in circuit 11, reset switch SW4 is arranged in latch circuit 23.Switch SW 4 is changed to the reposition in the start-up circuit 59, hereinafter will go through, but make circuit 51 can have the function of manual operation GFCI device.
During use, GFCI51 moves in the following manner.Before initial the connection, as shown in Figure 1, switch SW 1 and SW32 are usually located at its 1st link position.
Initially be connected to load at GFCI51 one end, and the other end is when being connected to power supply, switch SW 1 and SW2 remain on the 1st position.Because switch SW 1 and SW32 are in its 1st position, as shown in Figure 4, switch SW 1 connects the end A of switch SW 4 by lead 66.When pushing reset switch SW4, line voltage distribution adds to solenoid relay SOL31 through start-up circuit 59, and this about 120 volts line voltage distribution encourages this solenoid relay.In case solenoid relay SOL31 is energized, this solenoid relay makes switch SW 1 and SW32 move to its 2nd position (with the position of position opposite shown in Figure 4), thus, does not have power supply to add to solenoid relay SOL31 from start-up circuit 59.But because of line voltage distribution is transformed to 28 volts and provide all the time to solenoid relay SOL31 by power circuit 57, so the latter keeps energized condition.
Because solenoid relay SOL31 keeps energized condition, rectifier SCR31 is in conducting state and transistor Q31 ends, and makes the electric current solenoid relay SOL31 that flows through.When detecting earth fault or neutral earthing, failure detector circuit 61 transmits electric currents and makes it conducting to transistor Q31, thereby rectifier SCR31 ends.Because rectifier SCR31 ends, the electric current solenoid relay SOL31 that do not flow through makes latter's de-energisation.In case de-energisation, solenoid relay SOL31 makes switch SW 1 and SW2 reply its 1st position, thus, cuts off and provides electric power from power supply to load.
In case the removal fault, circuit 51 can be reset by pushing reset switch SW34, and the above-mentioned course of work repeats.
Fig. 5 is another earth fault contact maker (GFCI) of instructing formation according to the present invention, and this GFCI is whole with label 71 expressions.
When GFCI71 initially inserts power supply in load, protect load automatically, prevent the earth fault influence.When in a single day GFCI71 also can restore electricity, protect load automatically after outage, prevent the earth fault influence.And, in case after GFCI71 protection load prevented the earth fault influence, GFCI71 can manually reset, to prevent the earth fault influence once more.
Its formation of GFCI71 is similar to GFCI11, and GFCI71 comprises: circuit-breaker 73, relay circuit 75, power circuit 77, start-up circuit 79, failure detector circuit 81, filter circuit 83 and test circuit 85.GFCI71 also comprises tripping operation indicating circuit 87.Circuit-breaker 73, failure detector circuit 81, filter circuit 83 and test circuit 85, it constitutes identical with test circuit 27 with circuit-breaker 13, failure detector circuit 21, filter circuit 25 respectively with function.
Relay circuit 75 is similar to the relay circuit 15 of GFCI11 and the hybrid circuit of latch circuit 23.Specifically, relay circuit 75 comprises: solenoid relay SQL41, the 1st transistor Q41, the 2nd transistor Q42, reset switch SW44, load resistance R45, feedback resistance R44, input resistance R43 and noise suppression capacitor C44.
Its formation of solenoid relay SOL41 is identical with solenoid relay SOL1 with function.The 1st transistor is the MPSA42 transistor preferably, and its effect is the electric current that control offers the 2nd transistor Q42.The 2nd transistor Q42 is the MPSA42 transistor preferably, and its effect is the electric current that control offers solenoid relay SOL41.Reset switch SW44 is the normally closed type switch that draws back, and connects solenoid relay SOL41 and the 2nd transistor Q42.Load resistance R45 is preferably 100K Ω, and its effect is to provide the collector voltage that needs for the 1st transistor Q41.Feedback resistance R44 is preferably 68K Ω, and its effect is to provide base current to the 1st transistor Q41.Input resistance R43 is preferably 2K Ω, and its effect is with the setover grid current of the 1st transistor Q41 of resistance R 44.Noise suppression capacitor C44 is preferably 2.2 μ F, and its effect is protection the 1st transistor Q41, prevents because of the electrical noise conducting in the circuit.
Power circuit 77, except that the bleeder resistance R7 or rectifier diode D4 that wherein do not comprise in the circuit 17, all the other are all identical with power circuit 17.
When tripping operation indicating circuit 87 trips in response to earth fault or neutral earthing state at GFCI, provide visual indication.Tripping operation indicating circuit 87 comprises silicon rectifier diode D44, LED 41 and current-limiting resistance R48.Rectifier diode D44 is IN4004 preferably, and its effect is that the civil power alternating electromotive force is converted to the direct current power that is used for diode (LED) 41.Diode (LED) 41 is by the luminous visual indication that provides circuit 71 to trip.Resistance R 48 is preferably 47K Ω, and its effect is the electric current that limits the diode (LED) 41 of flowing through.
During use, GFCI71 operates in the following manner.Before connection, as shown in Figure 5, switch SW 1 and SW2 are in its 1st link position.
When GFCI71 initially is connected to load at the one end, when the other end was connected to power supply, line voltage offered start-up circuit 79, again through resistance R 9 and rectifier D3 to solenoid relay SOL41.About 120 volts line voltage excitation solenoid relay.In case solenoid relay SOL41 excitation even solenoid relay SOL41 switch SW 1 and SW2 move to its 2nd link position (with the position of position opposite shown in Figure 5), thus, does not have power supply to add to solenoid relay SOL41 from start-up circuit 79.But because of line voltage is transformed to 28 volts and provide to solenoid relay SOL41 all the time by power circuit 77, the latter keeps its energized condition.
Because solenoid relay SOL41 keeps energized condition, the 1st transistor Q41 ends, the 2nd transistor Q42 conducting, and the electric current solenoid relay SOL41 that flows through thus, keeping it is energized condition.When detecting energy earth fault or neutral earthing state, failure detector circuit 81 transmits electric currents to the 1 transistor Q41 and makes it conducting, and the 2nd transistor Q42 ends then.Because the 2nd transistor Q42 ends, the electric current solenoid relay SOL41 that do not flow through makes latter's de-energisation.In case de-energisation, solenoid relay SOL41 makes switch SW 1 and SW2 reply its 1st link position, thus, cuts off and provides electric power from power supply to load.
Because switch SW 1 and SW2 are in its 1st link position, line voltage is through tripping operation indicating circuit 87, thereby makes LED 41 luminous, and indicating circuit 71 has tripped thus.
In case the removal fault can reset circuit 71 by drawing back reset switch SW44.Open switch SW 44 the 1st transistor Q41 is ended, solenoid relay SOL1 is encouraged again, the above-mentioned course of work repeats.
Fig. 6 represents to instruct according to the present invention another ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) of formation, and this GFCI is whole with label 91 expressions.
Hereinafter will go through, for protection load when load initially inserts power supply prevents the earth fault influence, GFCI91 requires manually by reset switch.For after outage in case the time protection load that restores electricity prevents the earth fault influence, GFCI91 also requires manually to push reset switch.And in case GFCI91 has protected load to prevent the earth fault influence, GFCI91 requires manually to reset to prevent the earth fault influence once more.
Its formation of GFCI91 is similar to GFCI11.GFCI91 comprises: circuit-breaker 93, relay circuit 95, power circuit 97, failure detector circuit 99, bi-stable electronic latch circuit 101, filter circuit 103 and test circuit 105.Failure detector circuit 99, latch circuit 101, test circuit 105 its formations and function are identical with failure detector circuit 21, latch circuit 23, test circuit 27 respectively.
Circuit-breaker 93 is that with circuit-breaker 13 differences in circuit-breaker 93, switch SW 51 and SW52 often drive single-pole single-throw switch (SPST), rather than single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) SW1 and SW2 in the circuit-breaker 13.Switch SW 51 and SW52 can be positioned at one of two positions: the 1st position, and switch SW 51 and SW52 open, and as shown in Figure 6, make alternating electromotive force not be connected to load from power supply; The 2nd position, switch SW 51 and SW52 closure make the power supply alternating electromotive force be connected to load.
Except that the value of solenoid relay, load resistance and noise suppression capacitor, relay circuit 95 is identical with relay circuit 15.Specifically, its coil resistance of solenoid relay SOL51 is 800 Ω, and load resistance R53 resistance is 10K Ω, and noise suppression capacitor C55 capacity is 1 μ F.Because solenoid relay SOL51 size increases, so be initial excitation and maintenance energized condition, solenoid relay SOL51 all needs line voltage.
Power circuit 97 comprises metal oxide variable resistor MOV1,4 silicon rectifier diode D1, D2, D3, D4, dropping resistor R57 and holding capacitor C57.Rectifier diode D1～D4 constitutes conventional diode bridge rectifier together, and the AC power from circuit is converted to direct current power.Its resistance of dropping resistor R57 is preferably 5.1K Ω, and its effect is the input voltage that restriction adds to solenoid relay SOL51, in order to avoid solenoid relay SOL51 makes the circuit-breaker contact from its normally open position closure.Its capacity of holding capacitor C57 is preferably 2.2 μ F, and hereinafter will go through its effect is to charge to road current potential completely when transistor Q1 ends.
Filter circuit 103 is except dropping resistor value difference, and all the other are all identical with filter circuit 25.Specifically, resistance R 56 resistances are preferably 24K Ω.
During use, GFCI91 moves in the following manner.Before connection, switch SW 51 and SW52 are positioned at the 1st link position as shown in Figure 6.
When GFCI91 one end initially is connected to load, when the other end is connected to power supply, provide to the voltage of solenoid relay SOL51 about 40 volts through resistance R 57 by power supply 97, be not enough to encourage solenoid relay SOL51.In case reset switch SW4 pushes and do not discharge, transistor Q1 promptly ends.Because transistor Q1 ends, electric current can not flow to solenoid relay SOL51 through resistance R 57.This makes the instantaneous road voltage completely that charges to of capacitor C57.
In case the switch SW 4 of pushing discharges, transistor Q1 promptly replys conducting, makes capacitor C57 be discharged to solenoid relay SOL51 to 120 volts of voltages that it is charged to line voltage distribution.Thereby make solenoid relay SOL51 excitation, switch SW 51 and SW52 move to its 2nd position (with opposite position shown in Figure 6) thus, and power supply is connected to load.
In case the earth fault of detecting or neutral earthing state, failure detector circuit 99 promptly transmit electric current to rectifier SCR1, thereby transistor Q1 is ended.Because transistor Q1 ends, the electric current solenoid relay SOL51 that can not flow through, latter's de-energisation.In case de-energisation, solenoid relay SOL51 makes switch SW 51 and SW52 reply its 1st position, and the electric power of cutting off the electricity supply thus is connected to load.
In case fault is removed, by push switch SW4, circuit 91 can be reset, and above-mentioned course of action repeats.
Fig. 7 is the another kind of ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) of instructing formation according to the present invention, and this GFCI is whole with label 111 expressions.
GFCI111 can protect load automatically when load initially inserts power supply, prevent the earth fault influence.When in a single day GFCI111 also can restore electricity after outage, protect load to prevent the earth fault influence automatically.And in case GFCI111 has protected load under ground fault condition, GFCI111 can manually reset to prevent the earth fault influence again.
GFCI111 is similar to GFCI91 on constituting.GFCI111 comprises: circuit-breaker 113, relay circuit 115, power circuit 117, failure detector circuit 119, latch circuit 121, filter circuit 123 and test circuit 125.GFCI111 also comprises tripping operation indicating circuit 127.Failure detector circuit 119, latch circuit 121, filter circuit 123 and test circuit 125, constitute and function on, identical with failure detector circuit 99, latch circuit 101, filter circuit 103 respectively with test circuit 105.
Circuit-breaker 13 is with circuit-breaker 93 differences, the switch SW 61 of circuit-breaker 113 and SW62 are not single-pole single-throw switch (SPST)s such in the circuit-breaker 93, and all are single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s, they can be in one of two positions: i.e. the 1st position as shown in Figure 7, in this position, the alternating electromotive force of power supply is not connected to load, but is connected to tripping operation indicating circuit 127; With the 2nd opposite position shown in Figure 7, in this position, the alternating electromotive force of power supply is connected to load.
Except that the resistance of load resistance, relay circuit 155 is identical with relay circuit 95.Specifically, load resistance R63 resistance 4.7K Ω preferably.
Power circuit 117 is except that the dropping resistor R57 and holding capacitor C57 that wherein do not comprise in the circuit 97, and all the other are all identical with power circuit 97.
The visual indication that tripping operation indicating circuit 127 provides response earth fault or neutral earthing state GFCI111 to trip.Tripping operation indicating circuit 127 comprises silicon rectifier diode D65, LED 61 and current-limiting resistance R67.Rectifier diode D65 is the IN4004 rectifier diode preferably, and its effect is the civil power alternating electromotive force to be converted to direct current power be used for diode (LED) 61.Diode (LED) 61 is by the visual indication of the luminous flash of light that provides circuit 111 to trip.Resistance R 67 is preferably 33K Ω, and its effect is the electric current that limits the diode (LED) 61 of flowing through.
During use, GFCI111 moves in the following manner.Before connection, switch SW 61 and SW62 are in the 1st link position shown in Figure 7.
Initially be connected to load at GFCI111 one end, when the other end was connected to power supply, the line voltage distribution and the load of power supply did not connect, and the U1 chip does not provide base current to rectifier SCR1, thereby SCR1 turn-offs.Simultaneously, from power supply 117, provide base current to transistor Q1, this transistor turns through resistance R 63, R56 and R4.Also at this moment, 120 volts of direct voltages of power circuit 117 provide to solenoid relay SOL51, make its excitation and make switch SW 61 and SW62 move to its 2nd position (with opposite position shown in Figure 7), thus, provide electric power to load.
Because solenoid relay SOL51 is in energized condition and transistor Q1 conducting, by 120 volts of direct voltages from power supply 117, solenoid relay SOL51 keeps energized condition.In case the earth fault of detecting or neutral earthing state, failure detector circuit 119 transmits base current from U1 chip the 5th pin to rectifier SCR1 and makes it conducting.Thereby transistor Q1 is ended.Because transistor Q1 ends, the electric current solenoid relay SOL51 that do not flow through makes it de-energisation.In case de-energisation, solenoid relay SOL51 makes switch SW 61 and SW62 reply its 1st link position, cuts off to load thus power is provided.
Because switch SW 61 and SW62 are in its 1st link position, line voltage adds to tripping operation indicating circuit 127, make LED 61 luminous and flickers, thereby indicating circuit 111 has tripped.
In case fault is removed, circuit 111 can be by resetting by reset switch SW4.Turn-off rectifier SCR1 by reset switch SW4, make transistor Q1 conducting, solenoid relay SOL51 can encourage again.
Fig. 8 is another earth fault contact maker (GFCI) of instructing formation according to the present invention, and this GFCI is whole with label 131 expressions.
Except that the tripping operation indicating circuit, GFCI131 is identical with GFCI111.Specifically, the tripping operation indicating circuit 132 among the GFCI131 comprises that piezoelectric buzzer 133 is to provide acoustic signal rather than optical signal, indication fault, thereby the tripping operation indicating circuit that contains LED among the replacement GFCI111.
Above-mentioned various schemes of the present invention only attempt to make demonstration, and those skilled in the art does not break away from spirit of the present invention can make various conversion and modification.All this conversion and modification all drop in the scope of the present invention of claims qualification.For example, it should be noted that concrete parts in the foregoing description can change mutually or make up to constitute additional embodiments.

Claims (18)

1. a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it is characterized in that comprising:
(a) circuit breaker has a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, and described switch has the primary importance and the second place, and when primary importance, the power supply of line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of line related is connected to load;
(b) relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance;
(c) start-up circuit, selectively first voltage is offered solenoid relay, be enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state, when described switch was positioned at its primary importance, described first voltage was supplied with described solenoid relay via described switch;
(d) power circuit, described power circuit offers solenoid relay with second voltage, after initial power supply by first voltage, described second voltage is enough to make solenoid relay to be maintained at its energized condition, this second voltage is less than first voltage, and second voltage is enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state;
(e) latch circuit, work in the first and second bistable state states, when being in the first bistable state state, described latch circuit allows described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition and be maintained at its energized condition from its de-energized state, when being in the second bistable state state, described latch circuit makes described solenoid relay switch to its de-energized state and be maintained at its de-energized state from its energized condition;
(f) failure detector circuit detects the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that extends, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state when recording described fault between power supply and load.
2. GFCI as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described relay circuit further comprises to be coupled to described solenoid relay, controls the device of described solenoid relay work selectively.
3. GFCI as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the described device of controlling described solenoid relay work selectively is a transistor.
4. GFCI as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the switch in the described circuit breaker places described primary importance usually.
5. GFCI as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described start-up circuit makes described relay circuit can automatically described switch be moved on to the second place when power supply is added to described electric wire.
6. GFCI as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that first voltage is about 120 volts, and second voltage is about 28 volts, and described power circuit comprises a limiting resistance, produces second voltage to reduce by first voltage.
7. GFCI as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising reset switch, described latch circuit is placed the described second bistable state state by failure detector circuit after, automatically it is reset to the described first bistable state state.
8. GFCI as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that described latch circuit comprises silicon controlled rectifier, and it is for non-conduction when described latch circuit is in first state, and it is conducting when described latch circuit is in second state.Described failure detector circuit makes described rectifier conducting when it records described malfunction.
9. GFCI as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that pushing described reset switch, by the described silicon controlled rectifier of short circuit described latch circuit is reset.
10. GFCI as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that pushing described reset switch, and the described silicon controlled rectifier of not short circuit is reset described latch circuit.
11. a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it is characterized in that comprising:
(a) circuit breaker has a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, and described switch has the primary importance and the second place, and when primary importance, the power supply of line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of line related is connected to load;
(b) relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state and is coupled to described solenoid relay to control the device of described solenoid relay state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance;
(c) start-up circuit, selectively first voltage is offered solenoid relay, be enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state, when described switch was positioned at its primary importance, described first voltage was supplied with described solenoid relay via described switch;
(d) power circuit, described power circuit is supplied with solenoid relay with second voltage, after initial power supply by first voltage, described second voltage is enough to make solenoid relay to be maintained at its energized condition, this second voltage is less than first voltage, and second voltage is enough to make described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition from its de-energized state;
(e) failure detector circuit detects the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that extends, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state when recording described fault between power supply and load.
12. GFCI as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that also comprising the tripping operation indicating circuit, with visually indicating described failure detector circuit to record malfunction.
13. GFCI as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that the switch in the described circuit breaker places described primary importance usually.
14. GFCI as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that described start-up circuit comprises a reset switch, when power supply was added to described electric wire for the first time, described GFCI need manually push described reset switch, so that described start-up circuit makes the described normal open switch of described relay circuit first closure.
15. a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it is characterized in that comprising:
(a) circuit breaker has a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, and described switch has the primary importance and the second place, and when primary importance, the power supply of line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of line related is connected to load;
(b) relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance;
(c) power circuit of powering to described GFCI;
(d) latch circuit, work in the first and second bistable state states, when being in the first bistable state state, described latch circuit allows described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition and be maintained at its energized condition from its de-energized state, when being in the second bistable state state, described latch circuit makes described solenoid relay switch to its de-energized state and be maintained at its de-energized state from its energized condition;
(e) failure detector circuit detects the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that extends, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state when recording described fault between power supply and load;
(f) the tripping operation indicating circuit indicates described failure detector circuit to record malfunction.
16. GFCI as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described tripping operation indicating circuit acoustically indicating described failure detector circuit to record malfunction.
17. GFCI as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described tripping operation indicating circuit visually indicates described failure detector circuit to record malfunction.
18. a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is used for a pair of electric wire that interruptive current is flowed through and extended between power supply and load, it is characterized in that comprising:
(a) circuit breaker has a switch to be positioned at one of described electric wire, and described switch has the primary importance and the second place, and when primary importance, the power supply of line related is not connected to load, and when the second place, the power supply of line related is connected to load;
(b) relay circuit, move and keep described switch in the described primary importance or the second place selectively, described relay circuit comprises the solenoid relay that can work in energized condition or de-energized state, described solenoid relay places the described second place with described switch when it is in energized condition, when it is in de-energized state described switch is placed described primary importance;
(c) power circuit provides power supply to described GFCI, and described power circuit comprises or first voltage is added to described solenoid relay, or second voltage is added to the device of described solenoid relay;
(d) latch circuit, work in the first and second bistable state states, when being in the first bistable state state, described latch circuit allows described solenoid relay to switch to its energized condition and be maintained at its energized condition from its de-energized state, when being in the second bistable state state, described latch circuit makes described solenoid relay switch to its de-energized state and be maintained at its de-energized state from its energized condition; And
(e) failure detector circuit detects the fault that exists at least one electric wire in the described electric wire that extends, to make described latch circuit breech lock in its second bistable state state when recording described fault between power supply and load.
CN 96180153 1995-12-29 1996-12-27 Ground fault circuit interrupter Expired - Lifetime CN1074190C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US954395P 1995-12-29 1995-12-29
US954295P 1995-12-29 1995-12-29
US60/009,542 1995-12-29
US60/009,543 1995-12-29

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CN1214154A true CN1214154A (en) 1999-04-14
CN1074190C CN1074190C (en) 2001-10-31

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AU (1) AU1522397A (en)
WO (1) WO1997024790A1 (en)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007143879A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-21 Chen, Gui Ground fault circuit interrupter with end-of-life protection
CN100385593C (en) * 2003-02-03 2008-04-30 立维腾制造有限公司 GFCI receptacle having blocking means
CN100407354C (en) * 2002-12-30 2008-07-30 立维腾制造有限公司 GFCI of surface perforating device with bridge contact and automatic blocking protective socket used at the time of trip
CN100492793C (en) * 2003-02-03 2009-05-27 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device and system utilizing electromechanical reset
CN100514766C (en) * 2005-12-31 2009-07-15 黄华道 Display circuit for the life expiration of the current leakage protection jack
CN100521428C (en) * 2003-02-03 2009-07-29 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device with lock out and reversible wiring
CN100533899C (en) * 2003-01-23 2009-08-26 立维腾制造有限公司 GFCI receptacle having plug blocking means
CN101218729B (en) * 2005-06-01 2010-06-16 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device having integrated enhanced RFI suppression
CN102183948A (en) * 2011-02-21 2011-09-14 绍兴电力局 Online monitoring module for moisture-removing heater of transformer substation equipment
CN101292406B (en) * 2005-08-24 2012-08-22 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device with automatic test
CN112262512A (en) * 2018-04-10 2021-01-22 伊顿智能动力有限公司 System, method and apparatus for power distribution in power mobile applications using a combined circuit breaker and relay

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US11196242B1 (en) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-07 Abb Schweiz Ag Circuit interrupter for interrupting an electric current during fault conditions

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US4344100A (en) * 1980-08-07 1982-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ground fault circuit breaker with ground fault trip indicator
US4542432A (en) * 1982-08-27 1985-09-17 Square D Company Ground fault detection circuit
US4618907A (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-10-21 Eagle Electric Mfg. Co., Inc. Desensitized ground fault interrupter
US5177657A (en) * 1991-05-16 1993-01-05 Felchar Manufacturing Corporation Ground fault interruptor circuit with electronic latch

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100407354C (en) * 2002-12-30 2008-07-30 立维腾制造有限公司 GFCI of surface perforating device with bridge contact and automatic blocking protective socket used at the time of trip
CN100533899C (en) * 2003-01-23 2009-08-26 立维腾制造有限公司 GFCI receptacle having plug blocking means
CN100492793C (en) * 2003-02-03 2009-05-27 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device and system utilizing electromechanical reset
CN100521428C (en) * 2003-02-03 2009-07-29 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device with lock out and reversible wiring
CN100385593C (en) * 2003-02-03 2008-04-30 立维腾制造有限公司 GFCI receptacle having blocking means
CN100533898C (en) * 2003-02-03 2009-08-26 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device and system utilizing bridge contact mechanism and reset lockout
CN101218729B (en) * 2005-06-01 2010-06-16 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device having integrated enhanced RFI suppression
CN101292406B (en) * 2005-08-24 2012-08-22 立维腾制造有限公司 Circuit interrupting device with automatic test
CN100514766C (en) * 2005-12-31 2009-07-15 黄华道 Display circuit for the life expiration of the current leakage protection jack
WO2007143879A1 (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-21 Chen, Gui Ground fault circuit interrupter with end-of-life protection
CN102183948A (en) * 2011-02-21 2011-09-14 绍兴电力局 Online monitoring module for moisture-removing heater of transformer substation equipment
CN112262512A (en) * 2018-04-10 2021-01-22 伊顿智能动力有限公司 System, method and apparatus for power distribution in power mobile applications using a combined circuit breaker and relay
CN112262512B (en) * 2018-04-10 2023-10-03 伊顿智能动力有限公司 Systems, methods, and apparatus for power distribution in electric mobile applications using a combination circuit breaker and relay

Also Published As

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AU1522397A (en) 1997-07-28
CN1074190C (en) 2001-10-31
WO1997024790A1 (en) 1997-07-10

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