CN1210216C - Urban domestic sewage treatment process and its method - Google Patents
Urban domestic sewage treatment process and its method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1210216C CN1210216C CN 02155594 CN02155594A CN1210216C CN 1210216 C CN1210216 C CN 1210216C CN 02155594 CN02155594 CN 02155594 CN 02155594 A CN02155594 A CN 02155594A CN 1210216 C CN1210216 C CN 1210216C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a treatment process of urban domestic sewage and a method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and the reasonable utilization of water resources. The present invention solves the problems of the existing sewage treatment, such as high energy consumption, large occupation of land, poor effect on removing nitrogen, phosphorus, chroma, heavy metal and organic matters difficult to degrade, etc. The present invention has the technical scheme that coagulant is added in the sewage after the sewage is pretreated by a grid and a grit chamber, so the phosphorus, the heavy metal and the organic matters existing in the states of colloid and suspended matter in the sewage enter an anaerobic reactor in the form of sludge, and the organic matters in the sludge are converted into marsh gas by anaerobic treatment; organic matters in supernatant fluid after precipitation is removed by following aerobic treatment, and ammoniacal nitrogen is converted into nitric nitrogen; after the discharged water of the anaerobic treatment and the discharged water of the aerobic treatment are mixed, nitrogen removal by denitrification is carried out by anoxic treatment; finally, the organic matters in the sewage are removed thoroughly by secondary aeration and secondary precipitation, and the water is qualified. The present invention has the characteristics of energy saving, high efficiency, good water quality, small occupation area of facilities, low investment, low treating cost, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the flow process and the method for sanitary sewage disposal, belong to environment protection and water resources rational use technical field.
Background technology
Water pollute with lack of water be one of serious environmental problems of facing of China.According to statistics, China's sewage annual emissions maintains 35,000,000,000 ~ 40,000,000,000 m always since 1985
3About.It is 3.3% that China's treatment rate of domestic sewage is only 1991, and a large amount of sewage directly discharges 82% pollution that is subjected in various degree that causes in 532 rivers, the whole nation.A large amount of sewage directly discharge, and not only destroy ecology, aggravate water shortage, are also seriously endangering production and the human beings'health and the safety of industrial or agricultural.Water pollutes and the protection water resources in order to control, and country has carried out the Huai, Hai and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes (Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River Basin and Taihu Lake, Chaohu and Dian Chi) and ring Bohai Sea action plan.
At present, activated sludge process is mainly adopted in municipal sewage treatment both domestic and external.Its processing technological flow is as follows:
The sewage that comes from water drain enters the municipal sewage plant, enter settling pit after at first holding back suspended substance big in the sewage and floating matter through grid, remove heavy sand grains in the sewage, enter preliminary sedimentation tank subsequently and remove the organic particle that part suspends by the gravitational settling effect.Enter the aerobic reaction pond then, the oxygen that microorganism utilizes blower fan to provide is finished the degraded to the partial organic substances in the sewage, finishes separating of microorganism mud and water in second pond, the supernatant liquor discharging.Be enough microorganisms in the maintenance aeration tank, the necessary partial reflux of the mud in the second pond, excess sludge enters sludge treating system.
Excess sludge at first enters sludge thickener, utilizes gravity further to concentrate, and carries out sludge treatment subsequently.Method for sludge treatment generally carries out anaerobic digester earlier to be handled, and then by mechanical dehydration, the mud with dehydration burns or the landfill disposal at last.
The target of Wastewater Treated by Activated Sludge Process waterside town city sewage mainly is to remove biodegradable organism in the sewage, and is very little for the removal effect of the organism of nitrogen, phosphorus and difficult for biological degradation and pollutents such as colourity, heavy metal.Existing questions is:
1. power consumption height, floor space are big
The core processing unit of sewage disposal process by activated sludge process is aerobic reaction unit (aerated reaction pond), dissolves into a large amount of oxygen by aeration reinforcing here, and the confession aerobic microbiological utilizes the organism in the degradation of sewage, the just COD in the water.COD in the sewage comprises following a few part: the solubility not biodegradable COD of COD, suspension that COD, solubility not biodegradable (inertia) COD, suspension can degrade at a slow speed that degrades fast.For the COD that solubility is degraded fast, this part is easy to remove; And for COD insoluble and that the insoluble material is caused, but be to be difficult to very much remove.In order to remove this part material, must pass through long aeration, thereby cause the prolongation of whole aeration time, its result causes the floor space of treatment facility, the increase of initial cost and working cost.Material must pass through long aeration, thereby causes the prolongation of whole aeration time, and its result causes the floor space of treatment facility, the increase of initial cost and working cost.
2. can't remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage effectively.
Activated sludge method processing technique can only be removed synthetic needed nitrogen of microorganism and phosphorus, and clearance is greatly about 15 ~ 21%.
Traditional activated sludge process does not generally possess nitrification function.This is because nitrifier all is a chemoautotrophic bacteria, from NH
3Obtain energy in the oxidation of-N, poor growth, long with respect to its generation cycle of heterotrophic organism, often be difficult to breeding in a large number in the aeration tank because of the eliminating of excess sludge.So in traditional Wastewater Treated by Activated Sludge Process system, nitrated phenomenon is not obvious.But when hanging down organic loading, nitrification function can be greatly improved.So for reaching nitrated purpose, domestic and international at present main reduction load, the method for the raising residence time utilized reaches nitrated purpose.The main technique that is adopted has oxidation ditch, extended aeration.But the floor space of these two kinds of technologies and power consumption are also higher than traditional activated sludge process.Many at present both at home and abroad employing A/O (anaerobic-aerobic) technologies are carried out denitrogenation, and this also is with than underrun, on the basis that reduces organic concentration, to improve nitrated rate by prolonging aeration time.In addition, for improving denitrification efficient, must improve recurrence rate and add carbon source.This will certainly increase floor space, power consumption and working cost.
In order to reach phosphor-removing effect, adopt A-O (anaerobic-aerobic) technology at present, but because the restriction of biological quantitative limitation (SS is about 1500 ~ 3000mg/l) of activated sludge process and the poly-phosphorus characteristic of polyP bacteria itself, the content of phosphorus generally all is higher than several mg/l in the water outlet, is difficult to the sewage drainage standard that reaches new.
In order to simplify flow process, at present the A-A-O of employing (anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic) remove the technologies (the anaerobic purpose only is to discharge phosphorus) of nitrogen and phosphorus here synchronously, but this technology also exists aeration time is long, power consumption is big, floor space is big and the clearance of phosphorus is the not high problem and the secondary pollution problem of phosphorus.
3. be difficult to effectively remove heavy metal and colourity and some hardly degraded organic substances.。
Because industrial sewage occupies higher ratio (can reach 50 ~ 60%) in the sewage in the most cities of China, so heavy metal and chroma pollution problem are serious in the sewage.Colourity generally all is to have organic compound such as some dyestuffs to cause, because these organism are highly stable, make good use of oxygen animalcule and is difficult to remove.
Heavy metal exists with ion, colloid or complex compound state, and microorganism can't effectively be removed.What is more is changed into organic (as mercury), increases its toxicity.So utilize in the present treatment process and can not effectively remove heavy metal and colourity, should seek valid approach more.
Enter and contain some phenyl ring classes or long vessel used to hold grain at the imperial sacrifice compound in the industrial sewage in the municipal effluent, these materials are that aerobic bacteria is unserviceable.These organism are further degraded under the effect of various bacteriums after entering water body, further polluted-water.And, fact proved that more and more these materials are that Environmental Hormone one is originated greatly.So must remove the organism of these difficult degradations.
4. sludge output is big, organic content height, sludge treatment difficulty and cost height.
In the traditional cities sewage treatment process, sludge quantity takes place account for 0.3%～0.5% of the total amount of disposing of sewage volume.Traditional sludge treatment technique processing costs costliness accounts for 20%～50% of sewage work's overall running cost, and investment accounts for 30%～40% of sewage work's gross investment.The organism that can be transformed in the excess sludge is the organism that some can be dissolved, only accounts for 20 ~ 30% of excess sludge total amount.Because the organism in the excess sludge can not get good removal, the secondary pollution chance of excess sludge is quite big.In addition, because the excess sludge water content is big, the processing cost height.What mud stabilizing treatment facility was arranged in the existing sewage treatment facility in the whole nation is less than 1/4, treatment process and support equipment comparatively perfect less than 1/10.In present only tens sludge digestion tanks of China, that can normally move is few in number, the basic just not operation of some digester.Though some local sewage has obtained effective improvement, mud is not dealt carefully with and is disposed, and has caused secondary pollution.The processing of mud has become the key of the good operation of restriction sewage work.
Summary of the invention
For organism and reduction power consumption, minimizing floor space and the reduction investment cost of effectively removing N, P, heavy metal, colourity and difficult degradation in the municipal effluent, solve the problem that exists in the above-mentioned municipal effluent conventional processes, the present invention proposes following technical scheme:
From the next municipal effluent of water drain, remove big suspended substance and floating matter through grid, again behind inorganicss such as settling pit removal sand, also to pass through following technical process: carry out coagulating and precipitation by dosing coagulant, phosphorus major part in the municipal effluent is to exist with the phosphate radical form, and (main component is Al by dosing coagulant
3+Or Fe
3+), these positively charged ions can generate insoluble chemical compound with the phosphate radical reaction, form precipitation, utilize coagulating agent effectively to remove the colloid of metal ion from sewage, and the formed flco that flocculates can adsorb the heavy metal in the sewage in a large number, reduces heavy metal compound concentration.Phosphorus in the sewage, heavy metal and the organism that exists with colloid and suspended substance state enter anaerobic reactor with the form of mud, in anaerobic reactor, removed most of organism, [the present invention adopts state-of-the art in the world at present anaerobic reactor-expanded granular sludge bed anaerobic reactor (EGSB), adopt brand-new design, improved the efficient of reactor greatly], and effusive supernatant liquor enters aerobic reaction unit (aerobic aeration pond) and carries out aerobic aeration, degraded remaining organism and the NH in the water from settling tank
3-N changes nitric nitrogen into, be mixed into the hypoxia response unit with the anaerobic reaction unit water outlet then, utilize the organism in the anaerobism water outlet to carry out denitrification denitrogenation, passing through secondary aeration (aerobic aeration pond) subsequently more thoroughly reduces organic content and carries out mud-water separation by the final precipitation of second pond, supernatant liquor qualified discharge or utilization, residual sludge reflux to anaerobic reaction unit is handled in the aerobic aeration pond, anaerobism excess sludge dehydration back landfill disposal.In anaerobic reaction unit, heavy metal can exist with oxyhydroxide or carbonate state in anaerobic environment, has improved the stability of heavy metal compound greatly.In the aerobic aeration pond, because organic content is low, here the chemoautotrophy nitrifier can become dominant bacteria.NH in the sewage
3-N can change nitric nitrogen completely under the effect of nitrifier, for the anti-nitration reaction of back lays the foundation.The anoxic section organism that utilizes the anaerobism water outlet to provide is finished anti-nitration reaction in the back.Utilize O/A (aerobic/anoxic) technology generations for traditional A/O (anoxic/aerobic) technology, followed nitrated-denitrification rule, needn't carry out the backflow of sewage, improve denitrification percent, reduce power consumption.
Effect of the present invention:
1. utilize the anaerobic reactor of high loading dispose of sewage in most organism, reduce the aeration rate and the residence time in the aerobic aeration pond, reduce power consumption greatly, reduce floor space and investment.
Because anaerobic reaction can be handled the organic waste water of high density, and does not need aeration, so its organic loading will be higher than aerobic reaction (aerobic aeration pond) far away, the anaerobic reactor organic loading can reach 10 ~ 20kgCOD/m
3And traditional activated sludge process generally has only 0.5kgCOD/m .d,
3.d), so just can reduce floor space.Because anaerobic reactor does not resemble activated sludge process and needs aeration, so can save a large amount of power consumptions.After disposing most organism in the sewage through anaerobic reactor, outlet water organic substance content reduces, and effectively improve the biodegradable of water outlet, so not only help the autotrophy nitrifier and become dominant bacteria, and help reducing residence time in the aerobic reaction, reduce power consumption and floor space.Because the good bio-degradable of anaerobism water outlet can be used as the additional carbon in denitrification stage, and need not add organism in addition, so just can reduce the working cost in denitrification stage, saves cost.The present invention utilizes O/A (aerobic/anoxic) technology generations to carry out denitrogenation for traditional A/O (anoxic/aerobic) technology, needn't carry out the backflow of sewage, improves denitrification percent, has reduced power consumption.
Traditional technology utilizes anaerobic digestor to handle excess sludge, inefficiency, floor space is big, this be because: at first, belong to step anaerobic reactor because anaerobic digestor belongs to primary anaerobic reactor.Because the problem on design is gone up and moved, floor space is big, and the dead band is many, and the useful volume ratio is low.In addition because excess sludge belongs to the cellularstructure with cell walls; because the good protection performance of cell walls; being difficult in the anaeroic digestor of most of organism in the excess sludge effectively degraded; therefore; in order to stablize excess sludge, not only cause the prolongation of the residence time, it is big that reactor volume becomes; and remaining organism is many, and organism can not get effective removal.And the present invention adopts state-of-the art in the world at present anaerobic reactor-expanded granular sludge bed anaerobic reactor, adopts brand-new design, has improved the efficient of reactor greatly.Owing to the organism that utilizes among the present invention in the anaerobic reaction processing flocculation mud, these organism remain with common organic state and exist, and compare with excess sludge in addition, and its biodegradability and degradation speed all are extraordinary.So, can reduce the residence time greatly, reduce floor space and reduce investment.
In addition, because the salinity height of anaerobic sludge, water ratio is low, and (water ratio of anaerobic sludge generally can reach about 80%, and the water ratio of aerobic sludge is about 99%.), dehydrating effect is better than aerobic sludge, reduces the dehydration expense.Because the refractory organics of cell, so will be far smaller than the sludge yield that traditional digester is handled excess sludge at the organic surplus sludge volume that utilizes anaerobic reaction to handle, and digestibility also will be higher than digester, and the organic content in the final excess sludge is also low.So not only reduce output, the water ratio of excess sludge but also can improve the mineralization rate of excess sludge, finally will alleviate sludge treatment cost and expense greatly.
2. effectively remove the organism of difficult degradations such as nitrogen in the sewage, phosphorus, heavy metal, colourity, compare with present urban sewage treatment process and have good effluent quality.Because organic degraded has been experienced hydrolysis, acidifying, product acid and has been produced the methane four-stage in anaerobic reactor.Like this for some as being difficult to the organism of being degraded and can becoming small-molecule substance or chain rupture is utilized by anaerobion of long-chain and band phenyl ring etc. by the acidication process by aerobic bacteria, obviously improve the biological degradability of municipal effluent.
3. excess sludge production is low, and water ratio is low and salinity is high, the processing cost of simplifying sludge treatment technique and reducing excess sludge.Because the present invention is also low at the more general traditional activated sludge process of the organic loading of aerobic stage, so the aerobic sludge amount of producing is also well below traditional method.Moreover, utilize state-of-the art high efficiency anaerobic reactor EGSB to handle aerobic excess sludge, also can improve the processing efficiency of mud.In addition, because the growth velocity of anerobe such as methanobacteria is well below aerobic bacteria, so in general, the productive rate of anaerobion only is about 1/10 of an aerobic microbiological.Will reduce the sludge yield of municipal sewage plant so greatly, alleviate the processing burden.
Utilize this technology can effectively remove organism, colourity, heavy metal, nitrogen and phosphorus in the municipal effluent, its effluent quality will be far superior to traditional method for the treatment of city waste water. and these water can be used as multiple water source, as cooling, greening, landscape water etc., even, can be used as the additional water source of tap water fully through after suitably handling.Like this, municipal effluent not only can the recontaminate environment, can solve the serious day by day shortage of water resources problem of China on the contrary, provides the secondary water source for the city effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional cities sewage treatment process figure
Fig. 2 is a process flow sheet of the present invention
Embodiment
The present invention will be described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 2 is technical process of the present invention, removes big suspended substance and floating matter from the city domestic sewage 1 that water drain comes through grid 2, after pre-treatment behind the inorganicss such as settling pit 3 removal sand, adds coagulating agent 13 such as molysite again, and main component is for being Al
3+Or Fe
3+Metallic compound, make fine suspension and the colloidal type pollutent generation coagulating 14 in the sewage and precipitate 16, remove most of colourity, phosphorus and heavy metal in the sewage and the organism of difficult degradation etc.The supernatant liquor that obtains through settling tank 16 in aerobic reaction Unit 5, is carried out aerobic quick-fried gas, and the remaining organism of degraded is NH
3-N changes nitric nitrogen under the effect of nitrifier [in the aerobic aeration pond, the chemoautotrophy nitrifier can become dominant bacteria, the NH in the sewage
3-N changes nitric nitrogen fully under the effect of nitrifier, the anoxic section organism that utilizes the anaerobism water outlet to provide is finished anti-nitration reaction-utilize O/A (aerobic/anoxic) technology generations for traditional A/O (anoxic/aerobic) in the back].The supernatant liquor that promptly is settled out continues to remove the wherein remaining organism of degraded through follow-up aerobic reaction unit 5, and ammonia-state nitrogen is converted into nitric nitrogen.The mud that obtains through settling tank 16 enters anaerobic reaction 17 (the present invention adopts state-of-the art high efficiency anaerobic reactor EGSB as anaerobic reaction 17 processing units), makes organism pass through that acidication process (in anaerobic reaction the hydrolysis of organic degraded experience, acidifying, product acid and produce the methane four-stage) becomes small-molecule substance or chain rupture is utilized by anaerobion; Improve the biological degradability of sewage; Stabilizing heavy metal; Remove most of colourity, organism, phosphorus and heavy metal in the sewage; The needed COD of anoxic denitrification of nitrogen in the back hypoxia response 18 is provided; Flocculation mud makes the organism in the mud be converted into biogas through anaerobic reaction unit 17, can be used as the energy; After the water outlet of the water outlet of aerobic reaction 5 and anaerobic reaction 17 mixes, enter hypoxia response 18, utilize the organism in anaerobic reaction 17 water outlets to carry out denitrification denitrogenation; Pass through aerobic reaction 5 once more from hypoxia response 18 effusive sewage, carry out aerobic quick-fried gas, the remaining organism of degrading; Pass through second pond 6 again, precipitating organic matters mud, making is mud and water sepn;
The mud that anaerobic reaction 17 precipitates carries out mechanical dehydration 11, carries out ultimate disposal 12, landfill or burning afterwards.Blower fan 8 provides the aerobic reaction unit required oxygen.
Claims (4)
1. city domestic sewage processing technological flow and method, city domestic sewage through grid, the pre-treatment of settling pit process after, it is characterized in that also will passing through following process successively:
(1) dosing coagulant (13);
(2) coagulating (14) produces coagulating, organism, phosphorus and the heavy metal of coagulation suspended substance, colloidal state pollutent, difficult degradation;
(3) settling tank (16) obtains its mud and supernatant liquor, and supernatant liquor enters:
(4) the 1st aerobic reactions (5) carry out aerobic aeration at this to supernatant liquor;
The mud that obtains through settling tank (16) enters:
(5) anaerobic reaction (17) is removed most of organism, colourity, hardly degraded organic substance, phosphorus and heavy metal, and provides needed COD for the anoxic denitrification of nitrogen in the back hypoxia response (18);
After mixing, the water outlet of the water outlet of aerobic reaction (5) and anaerobic reaction (17) enters:
(6) hypoxia response (18) utilizes the organism in anaerobic reaction (17) water outlet to carry out denitrification denitrogenation;
(7) the 2nd aerobic reactions (15) carry out aerobic aeration once more at this, the remaining organism of degrading;
(8) second pond (6), precipitating organic matters mud makes mud and water sepn;
(9) water (7) after being purified;
Anaerobic reaction (17) is handled the most of mud that obtains and is entered:
(10) dehydration (11) is carried out mechanical dehydration and is handled; Pass through again:
(11) back ultimate disposal (12), landfill or burning.
2. according to said city domestic sewage processing technological flow of claim 1 and method, it is characterized in that: the main component of coagulating agent (13) is Al
3+Or Fe
3+Metallic compound.
3. according to said city domestic sewage processing technological flow of claim 1 and method, it is characterized in that: what anaerobic reaction (17) processing unit adopted is high efficiency anaerobic reactor-CGSB.
4. according to said city domestic sewage processing technological flow of claim 1 and method, it is characterized in that: the required oxygen of the 2nd aerobic reaction (15) is provided by blower fan (8).
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| CN 02155594 CN1210216C (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2002-12-13 | Urban domestic sewage treatment process and its method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02155594 CN1210216C (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2002-12-13 | Urban domestic sewage treatment process and its method |
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| CN1210216C true CN1210216C (en) | 2005-07-13 |
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| CN100349810C (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2007-11-21 | 彭永臻 | AZNdenitrification phosphorus oliminating sewage treatment method and device |
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| CN101935130B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2012-07-04 | 余静 | Zero-energy consumption and low sludge yield method for denitrifying urban sewage |
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| FI130436B (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2023-08-30 | Kemira Oyj | Method for removing dissolved organic compounds from wastewater |
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2002
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