CN1208691C - Pattern transfer method - Google Patents
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- CN1208691C CN1208691C CN 01142997 CN01142997A CN1208691C CN 1208691 C CN1208691 C CN 1208691C CN 01142997 CN01142997 CN 01142997 CN 01142997 A CN01142997 A CN 01142997A CN 1208691 C CN1208691 C CN 1208691C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a pattern transfer method, which transfers a pattern to a photoresistive layer on the surface of a wafer from a photomask via two stages of exposure. In the first stage, first light source energy and a first photomask are used for the first stage of exposure to a photoresistive layer in a region in which a pattern to be formed to change the material behavior of the photoresistive layer. The first photomask comprises a first pattern. In the second stage, a second photomask containing a second pattern and second light source energy are used for exposing the photoresistive layer in a region in which the pattern to be formed. The second photomask comprises second patterns which are in irregular distribution or regular distribution. Finally, after the development, if the used photoresistive layer is a positive photoresistive layer, the photoresistive layer after two times of exposure is removed; if the photoresistive layer is a negative photoresistive layer, the photoresistive layer after two times of exposure is reserved for forming the needed pattern. The first light source energy and the second light source energy are both smaller than the development critical value of the photoresistive layer, and the sum of the first light source energy and the second light source energy needs to be larger than or equal to the development critical value of the photoresistive layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of transition diagram, particularly relevant a kind of mode of utilizing the exposure of two stages successfully is transferred to method on the photoresist layer of wafer surface by light shield with figure.
Background technology
As integrated circuit (integrated circuit; When density IC) constantly enlarges, keep the same for making wafer (chip) area, even dwindle, to continue to reduce the unit cost of circuit, unique method is exactly constantly to dwindle circuit design specification (design rule).When dwindling specification, the maximum bottleneck that is met with promptly is yellow photolithographic techniques.Unless yellow light lithography imaging downsizing gradually, otherwise the destiny that the development of integrated circuit technique must be subjected to pause.
Little shadow imaging art (photolithography) in the production of integrated circuits is with numerous electronic component and circuit, be transformed into layer by layer on the small wafer, each layer all has a slice light shield, against optical imaging concept, light is through light shield, lens and being imaged on the wafer surface, wafer surface must exist by the material such just like photographic negative, but the gelatinize compound (photoresistance) that belongs to sensitization, after handling with effect of light and chemical action mode, can transfer to the figure of light shield on the wafer in full detail, so on little shadow imaging processing procedure, light shield, photoresistance, photoresistance coating developing apparatus and aligning exposure optical system etc. are all necessary conditions.Along with the progress of integrated circuit industry, the element that needs in the wafer to hold is constantly grown up with multiple, causes live width constantly to dwindle, and makes and ceaselessly seeks new material, breaks through the technological development of optics bottleneck etc., becomes the required challenge that faces constantly of little shadow imaging.
In addition, because the photoresist of little shadow imaging is to the photaesthesia material, if be exposed under the general light, to make it to change, and can't carry out the work of fixation, photographic negative is such just like handling, must in dark place, carry out, little shadow imaging also need be limited under the particular surroundings, generally all carries out under gold-tinted, so be commonly referred to as the gold-tinted chamber.Because vlsi circuitry complexity, width all reach micron (μ m; 10
-6M) below, thus must in dustless clearing room, make, and in little shadow imaging process, strict more to the requirement of cleanliness factor, because any dust particle all may cause the element defective because of imaging, make circuit fuzzy.
Modern age time micron production of integrated circuits technology, control has very harsh demand to live width, if so that more the angle of microcosmic or tighter definition are seen, the demand of live width control should extend to the size requirement to arbitrary corner of arbitrary figure and figure in the wafer, consider promptly that also the wafer figure is to be that medium transfers on the wafer by optical lens with light owing to light mask image (Fidelity) for " fidelity factor " of the corresponding figure of light shield, " image distribution " (the aerial image) of light before entering photoresist layer be not usually like the figure on the light shield such " perfection ".This defective is commonly referred to as optical approximate effect (optical proximity effect; OPE).Interact because of light diffraction between figure and figure, except allowing the aliasing, also allow processing space (process window) diminish simultaneously, if aliasing has been unavoidable, for asking the figure on the wafer to conform with deviser's demand, can consider that then earlier light mask image being carried out the figure correction according to certain rule compensates or cut down described aliasing part with extra figure, this technology is called optical approximate effect correction technique (optical proximity correction; OPC).
With reference to shown in Figure 1, this is the synoptic diagram of optical approximate effect.Though little shadow technology has entered the deep-sub-micrometer field, but when facing the processing of similar one micron square block pattern 10, the phenomenon that occurs fillet (round corner) unavoidably in the corner of final photoresistance figure, and make the square block pattern 10 of this micron after carrying out traditional exposure and developing processing, easily because optical approximate effect and distortion becomes a circle 15.Square block pattern 10 its sizes of this micron approximately be less than or equal to 1 micron square.This be since the diffraction light at directions X edge and Y direction edge in the result of this intersection, along with size is gradually small, the also relative increase in corner with the exposure ratio at edge, it is obvious that fillet also becomes.For solving this problem, the most simple settling mode is about to corner shading graph " release " (reference is shown in Figure 2) outward, the corner that is about to the square square shading graph of micron stretches out, to reduce the over-exposed phenomenon in corner, or also can be imagined with the idea of figure " compensation " merely, also be that known results is a fillet, so placing extra protrusion figure 20 (being generally more small square) is in advance compensated, so that after the processing of carrying out traditional exposure and development, remaining, the square block pattern 10 of this micron forms a square figure 25.The compensation figure of placing is called " decoration " again (serif), and the decision of its size and location then need be looked the parameter of processing and determine.
Certainly the integrated circuit light mask image is so not simple completely actually.It is different with the optical characteristics of arbitrary graphic two class figures such as (peripheral circuit or logic products) that general light mask image comprises repeated figure (storer series products), but when carrying out the correction of optical approximate effect substantially, should there be two to need to consider: the distance between (1) two contiguous different graphic (each point); (2) the regional density of figure (local area density).Especially when considering the regional density of figure, should consider simultaneously when influence to little shadow imaging and plasma etching.Therefore use the method for optical approximate effect correction, can make little shadow process more complicated and reduction processing efficiency of operating.And when using optical approximate effect revised law, must on light shield, increase at the extended figure in corner, increase cost of manufacture easily.Use optical approximate effect revised law must be through quite complicated consideration and step, though this improvement method has been revised the optical approximate effect, but still can't accurately demonstrate the figure that will be shaped, so the dimensional accuracy after the figure conversion can't meet the demand under the semiconductor fabrication live width is dwindled day by day.
Summary of the invention
A purpose of the present invention provides a mode of utilizing two stages exposures figure successfully is transferred to method on the photoresist layer of wafer surface by light shield, when improving figure transfer the precision of dimension of picture, simplify and make required step, quicken the processing efficiency of operating and reduce the production cost of making running.
For achieving the above object, the method for transition diagram according to an aspect of the present invention is characterized in comprising the following steps: to provide a wafer, and this wafer comprises a photoresist layer; Use this photoresist layer of one first energy of light source and one first light shield illuminated portion, wherein said first light shield comprises one first photic zone and this first energy of light source development critical value less than this photoresist layer; And this photoresist layer that uses a secondary light source energy and one second light shield illuminated portion, wherein said second light shield comprises one second photic zone, this second photic zone of part is overlapped with this first photic zone of part, this secondary light source energy is less than this development critical value of this photoresist layer, and this first energy of light source add that the numerical value of this secondary light source energy reaches this photoresist layer this more than development critical value.
According to the method for the transition diagram of another aspect of the invention, be characterized in that this method comprises: a wafer is provided, and this wafer comprises a photoresist layer; This wafer is installed on an exposure machine, wherein this exposure machine comprises a light source; One first light shield is installed on this exposure machine, wherein said first light shield comprises one first photic zone and one first figure, and a scope of this first figure forms a scope of a required figure on this photoresist layer greater than desire; This photoresist layer that uses one first energy of light source illuminated portion is to carry out a phase one exposure manufacture process; Take off this first light shield; One second light shield is installed on exposure machine, wherein said second light shield comprises one second photic zone and a second graph, the scope that this second graph is selected from figure one of them and this second graph of regular distribution and irregular distribution forms this scope of this required figure greater than desire on this photoresist layer, this second photic zone of part is overlapped with this first photic zone of part; Use this photoresist layer of secondary light source energy exposure part, wherein said secondary light source energy add that the numerical value of this first energy of light source reaches this photoresist layer this more than development critical value; And this photoresist layer that removes part forms this required figure to utilize this photoresist layer of part on this wafer.
Required step was made in the precision of dimension of picture and simplification when the present invention can improve figure transfer, also can quicken to process efficiency of operating, and can reduce the production cost of processing running.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of optical approximate effect;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of optical approximate effect revised law;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of semiconductor element;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the irregular figure desiring to form on photoresist layer;
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of first light shield;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of second light shield;
Fig. 7 is first light shield and the overlapping synoptic diagram of second light shield; And
Fig. 8 forms the synoptic diagram of photoresist layer for utilizing exposure method of the present invention on wafer.
Embodiment
Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows.Yet except describing in detail, the present invention can also be widely implements at other embodiment, and scope of the present invention do not limit by it, but is as the criterion with the claim that claims were limited.
With reference to shown in Figure 3, this is the vertical view of semiconductor element.This semiconductor element comprises several character lines (word line) 100 and several bit lines (bit line) 110.In order to make this semiconductor element produce the signal of " 0 " and " 1 ", normally utilize little shadow and etched mode to remove some zones 120 of several character lines 100, make phenomenon that character line opens circuit to reach the demand on this semiconductor element function.If in little shadow processing, can't locate the required position that removes on several character lines 100 accurately, then in the process of subsequent etch, possibly can't remove fully the part desiring to remove on the character line desiring to remove, or be etched to the bit line, and influence the performance and the quality of semiconductor element.
For general little shadow processing, if the photic zone on light shield equates with the distance in light tight district, and the regional density in photic zone or light tight district is more consistent on the light shield, and then after exposure, figure is higher by the precision that is transferred on the light shield on the photoresist layer.But along with the volume of semiconductor element is more and more littler, working width is also more and more littler, and the function of semiconductor element itself is more and more, therefore the circuit in semiconductor element also becomes and becomes increasingly complex, and the figure on the light shield also with become complicated, thereby cause on the light shield the regional density difference opposite sex of photic zone and light tight district very big.
Method of the present invention can be used to the figure on the light shield successfully is transferred on the photoresist layer, to avoid the generation of optical approximate effect.Therefore the figure on the light shield can be the figure of a regular distribution, also can be the figure of an irregular distribution.The following stated only is one embodiment of the invention, and it is that figure at irregular distribution carries out figure transfer, but does not limit the scope of the invention.With reference to shown in Figure 4, this is the graphical distribution situation on the light shield.This light shield 200 to remove the subregion on several bit lines in the process of subsequent etch, makes semiconductor element produce the signal of " 0 " and " 1 " for to be used for forming photoresist layer on the subregion of several bit lines and several character lines.Therefore this light shield 200 comprises several photic zones 210 and light tight district, and these transmission regions 210 are then represented the zone that the part on several bit lines is desired to remove if correspond on the wafer.Because of the function of semiconductor element is tending towards complicated, so the transmission region on the light shield 200 210 is relatively also complicated thereupon, and becomes erose distribution pattern.
The irregular distribution pattern that this regional density variation is very big, if adopt the mode of traditional single exposure be quite difficulty successfully with the figure transfer on the light shield to photoresist layer.The parameter of instrument is adjusted at the less zone of regional density if will expose, and then after the process of overexposure and development, the less figure of regional density can successfully be transferred on the photoresist layer on the light shield.But for the figure that regional density is bigger on the light shield, will be in the process of exposure, can't be because the defective of optical approximate effect or overexposure and after through the process of developing, all figures will intertwine successfully by shifting required figure on the light shield to photoresist layer.The parameter of instrument is adjusted at the bigger zone of regional density if will expose, and then after the process of overexposure and development, the figure that regional density is bigger on the light shield can successfully be transferred on the photoresist layer.But for the less figure of regional density on the light shield, will be in the process of exposure, because it is under-exposed and after through the process of developing, the less figure of regional density can't be shaped on photoresist layer smoothly, and the figure on the light shield can't successfully all be transferred on the photoresist layer.If the less zone of zone that will areal concentration is bigger and areal concentration is divided into the exposure of two steps, the size of the difficult problem that can run into localized area density at first for how, next the positioning accuracy request that then is these two kinds of light shields is very high, causes the failure of little shadow processing easily because of the problem of light shield location.Therefore must adopt optical approximate effect revised law, so that the figure on the light shield intactly is transferred on the photoresist layer.Yet optical approximate effect revised law makes processed complexization easily and reduces the processing operational paradigm easily and improve the cost of processing running.Therefore must adopt method of the present invention utilize mode that two stages exposed with successfully and accurately with the figure transfer on the light shield to photoresist layer.
If little shadow processing desire is transferred to photoresist layer with the figure (with reference to shown in Figure 4) of an irregular distribution by light shield, to remove the subregion of digit line in the subsequent etch process, when making semiconductor element produce the signal of " 0 " and " 1 ", at first must provide a wafer, at least comprise character line and bit line on this wafer, and all comprise a photoresist layer on character line and the bit line, this photoresist layer adopts positive photoresist layer for the demand of processing is different in this processing procedure.Next wafer is fixed on the exposure machine, and first light shield 300 (with reference to shown in Figure 5) is installed on the exposure machine, after the formality through location and correction, use first energy of light source photoresist layer on the wafer to be carried out the exposure processing of phase one.First light shield comprises first photic zone 310 and the first light tight district at least.First photic zone 310 on first light shield is the zone of the character line on the semiconductor element.The critical value that first energy of light source develops less than photoresist layer.The scope of common first photic zone 310 is all greater than the scope of desiring formed figure on photoresist layer.
Next with first light shield 300 by taking off on the exposure machine, and second light shield 400 (with reference to shown in Figure 6) is installed on the exposure machine, after the location and the formality of proofreading and correct, use the secondary light source energy photoresist layer on the wafer to be carried out the exposure processing of subordinate phase.Second light shield comprises second photic zone 410 and the second light tight district.The irregular distribution pattern of second photic zone 410 on second light shield for desiring on photoresist layer, to form.The scope of common second photic zone 410 is all greater than the scope of desiring formed figure on photoresist layer.But for running that cooperates processing and the operational paradigm that improves processing, the irregular distribution pattern that common second light shield is comprised is to be similar to the irregular distribution pattern that institute's desire forms on photoresist layer, and both figures might not be identical.The critical value that the secondary light source energy develops less than photoresist layer.First energy of light source adds that the secondary light source energy then needs the critical value of developing more than or equal to photoresist layer.The light source kind that adopted of first energy of light source and secondary light source energy does not limit in the present invention, the light source kind that adopted of Jia Gong demand and determining normally, such as: dipole light (dipole ray), deep UV (ultraviolet light) (deep ultra-violet ray) or off-axis light etc.Common first energy of light source is all greater than the secondary light source energy, to obtain preferable figure transfer result.But along with the difference of process requirements, first energy of light source also can be less than the secondary light source energy to meet the requirement in the processing sometimes.
At last wafer is taken off by exposure machine, and utilize developer to remove unnecessary photoresist layer, and needed figure is stayed on the wafer surface to carry out subsequent process steps.Photoresist layer is a chemical film, and its characteristic is for producing chemical change after exposing.If photoresist layer is a positive photoresist layer, then can be developed agent man-hour in adding of follow-up development and removes and stay the unexposed positive photoresist layer of part through the positive photoresist layer of the part of overexposure.If photoresist layer is a negative photoresist layer, then can be developed agent man-hour in adding of follow-up development and removes and stay the positive photoresist layer that part is exposed without the part negative photoresist layer of overexposure.Photoresist layer is in the process of exposure, and employed light ray energy must arrive a numerical value when above, and photoresist layer just can show figure to be presented on the light shield after the process of overexposure and development.In the process of exposure, when employed light ray energy was lower than a numerical value, though the processing procedure of photoresist layer overexposure once, after development, photoresist layer still can't show figure to be presented on the light shield.This numerical value is commonly referred to the critical value that photoresist layer develops.The photoresist layer of different materials, the critical value of its development is all inequality.
After using first light shield 300 and first energy of light source that the photoresist layer on the character line is carried out the exposure manufacture process of phase one, though employed first energy of light source is lower than the development critical value of photoresist layer, and causes photoresist layer on the character line still can't develop and successfully shift the figure of first light shield.But through the photoresist layer of overexposure, its chemical property is changed by first energy of light source on the character line.After the photoresist layer that uses second light shield 400 and secondary light source energy to character line top carries out the exposure of subordinate phase, part only is subjected to the zone of secondary light source energy affect, because of the critical value that the secondary light source energy develops less than photoresist layer, therefore still can't develop and successfully shift the figure of second light shield.Because energy of light source has the effect that adds up in photoresist layer, therefore work as the critical value that first energy of light source adds that the secondary light source energy develops more than or equal to photoresist layer, the photoresist layer of the part on the character line, because of being subjected to the influence of first energy of light source and secondary light source energy simultaneously, and enough kinetic energy generation chemical changes are arranged.Because employed in the present embodiment photoresist layer is positive photoresist layer, therefore after processing through follow-up development, part will be developed agent through the photoresist layer of first energy of light source and secondary light source energy exposure simultaneously and remove, with smoothly by transition diagram on second light shield to photoresist layer.Next etching and processing can be carried out to remove the character line of part, the signal of " 0 " and " 1 " can be produced after semiconductor element is finished.
With reference to shown in Figure 7, this is with first light shield and the overlapping synoptic diagram of second light shield on same reference point.First photic zone 310 of first light shield and second photic zone 410 of second light shield overlapped part 700, be the zone of on photoresist layer, accepting first energy of light source and secondary light source energy simultaneously.With reference to shown in Figure 8, this forms the synoptic diagram of photoresist layer for utilizing exposure method of the present invention on wafer.Comprise character line 800 and bit line 810 on the wafer.In order to reach purpose of the present invention, therefore adopt positive photoresistance in the present embodiment to remove some part of digit line 800.After through development, the zone 820 that photoresist layer is accepted first energy of light source and secondary light source energy simultaneously can accurately be removed, and can carry out follow-up etching step smoothly.
In another embodiment, if will be implanted into required ion, then can adopt the material of negative photoresist layer as photoresist layer in some part of digit line and numerical digit unit line.When utilizing exposure method of the present invention, in two stages photoresist layer is exposed and through after developing, the zone that photoresist layer is accepted first energy of light source and secondary light source energy simultaneously can accurately be stayed, and the photoresist layer on the zone of desire implanting ions can accurately be removed, to carry out the process of follow-up implanting ions smoothly.
According to above-described embodiment, the invention provides a kind of method, utilize the mode of two stages exposure that figure successfully is transferred on the photoresist layer of wafer surface by light shield.Phase one is to the photoresist layer on the zone of desire formation figure, carries out the exposure of phase one with one first energy of light source and first light shield (photo mask), to change the material character of photoresist layer.Comprise first figure on first light shield.Subordinate phase contains second light shield of second graph for use one, and uses a secondary light source energy that the photoresist layer on the zone of desire formation figure is exposed.Second light shield comprises the second graph of an irregular distribution or a regular distribution.After carrying out step of developing at last, if the photoresist layer that uses is positive photoresist layer, then the photoresist layer through two exposure steps will be removed, if the photoresist layer that uses is negative photoresist layer, then the photoresist layer through two exposure steps will carry over, and form required figure, carry out etching or mix processing in order to follow-up.First energy of light source and secondary light source energy are all less than the development critical value of photoresist layer, and first energy of light source adds that the secondary light source energy must be more than or equal to the development critical value of photoresist layer.The precision of dimension of picture and simplify the required step of processing procedure when the present invention can improve figure transfer.The present invention also can quicken to process efficiency of operating, also can reduce the production cost of processing running.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment only be used for the explanation but not in order to limit claim of the present invention.Still can be changed in the category that does not break away from flesh and blood of the present invention and implemented, these variations should still belong to scope of the present invention.Therefore, scope of the present invention is defined by claims.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a transition diagram is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
One wafer is provided, and this wafer comprises a photoresist layer;
Use this photoresist layer of one first energy of light source and one first light shield illuminated portion, wherein said first light shield comprises one first photic zone and this first energy of light source development critical value less than this photoresist layer; And
Use this photoresist layer of a secondary light source energy and one second light shield illuminated portion, wherein said second light shield comprises one second photic zone, this second photic zone of part is overlapped with this first photic zone of part, this secondary light source energy is less than this development critical value of this photoresist layer, and this first energy of light source add that the numerical value of this secondary light source energy reaches this photoresist layer this more than development critical value.
2. the method for transition diagram as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described first energy of light source is greater than this secondary light source energy.
3. the method for transition diagram as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described secondary light source energy is greater than this first energy of light source.
Transition diagram as claimed in claim 1 method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Described wafer is installed on an exposure machine, wherein this exposure machine comprises a light source; And
This photoresist layer that removes part forms a required figure to utilize this photoresist layer of part on this wafer.
5. the method for transition diagram as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described first light shield comprises one first figure.
6. the method for transition diagram as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the scope of described first figure is greater than this required figure.
7. the method for transition diagram as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described second light shield comprises a second graph.
8. the method for transition diagram as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described second graph is the figure of a regular distribution.
9. the method for transition diagram as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described second graph is the figure of an irregular distribution.
10. the method for a transition diagram is characterized in that, this method comprises:
One wafer is provided, and this wafer comprises a photoresist layer;
This wafer is installed on an exposure machine, wherein this exposure machine comprises a light source;
One first light shield is installed on this exposure machine, wherein said first light shield comprises one first photic zone and one first figure, and a scope of this first figure forms a scope of a required figure on this photoresist layer greater than desire;
This photoresist layer that uses one first energy of light source illuminated portion is to carry out a phase one exposure manufacture process;
Take off this first light shield;
One second light shield is installed on exposure machine, wherein said second light shield comprises one second photic zone and a second graph, the scope that this second graph is selected from figure one of them and this second graph of regular distribution and irregular distribution forms this scope of this required figure greater than desire on this photoresist layer, this second photic zone of part is overlapped with this first photic zone of part;
Use this photoresist layer of secondary light source energy exposure part, wherein said secondary light source energy add that the numerical value of this first energy of light source reaches this photoresist layer this more than development critical value; And
This photoresist layer that removes part forms this required figure to utilize this photoresist layer of part on this wafer.
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CN 01142997 CN1208691C (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2001-12-05 | Pattern transfer method |
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Families Citing this family (7)
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CN101246305B (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2010-08-11 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Graphic method |
CN102148200B (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2013-12-11 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Method for forming active layer pattern of memory |
CN102479687B (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2014-07-16 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Method for increasing latitude of posterior layer exposure process |
CN104950567A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-09-30 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Optical mask fabricating method |
US9927698B2 (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-03-27 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Dual exposure patterning of a photomask to print a contact, a via or curvilinear shape on an integrated circuit |
CN109390217B (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2020-09-25 | 华邦电子股份有限公司 | Photomask and method for forming semiconductor device |
TWI638225B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2018-10-11 | 華邦電子股份有限公司 | Methods for forming a photo-mask and a semiconductor device |
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