CN1205770A - Method and device for measuring electromagnetic waves emanating from melt - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring electromagnetic waves emanating from melt Download PDFInfo
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- CN1205770A CN1205770A CN 96199165 CN96199165A CN1205770A CN 1205770 A CN1205770 A CN 1205770A CN 96199165 CN96199165 CN 96199165 CN 96199165 A CN96199165 A CN 96199165A CN 1205770 A CN1205770 A CN 1205770A
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Abstract
The method of measuring electromagnetic waves emanating from the interior of a melt (3), in particular metal melt, involves blowing gas into the melt (3) to form a gas-filled cavity (26) and observation and evaluation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the melt (3) through the inblown gas by directing the electromagnetic waves via an optical system (20) to a detector (22) for determining temperature and/or chemical composition. To eliminate spurious measurements, the emitted electromagnetic waves are separated from electromagnetic waves (36, 37, 39, 40) aligned obliquely relative to the optical axis (38) of the optical system (20) and present outside a boundary radius (41) drawn from that optical axis (38). This is done by: deviating these electromagnetic waves from the optical axis (38) in a wave scattering device (42) of the optical system (20) so that only electromagnetic waves aligned more or less parallel to the optical axis (38) of the optical system (20) reach a detector (22) located downstream of the optical system (20); and/or by displacing the optical system (20) and aligning the optical axis (38) of said system relative to the cavity (26) until the intensity of the emitted electromagnetic waves when evaluated reaches a maximum value.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of mensuration from a molten mass, especially the electromagnetic wave that sends of metal melting body inside, especially visible light wave range and contiguous ultraviolet and the electromagnetic method of infrared band, wherein, pass through blowing gas, in described molten mass, form the cavity of an inflation, and the electromagnetic wave that sends from this molten mass by the observation of described blowing gas, again by described electromagnetic wave being fed to a detector via an optical system and it is measured, thereby measure temperature and/or chemical composition; The invention still further relates to a kind of equipment of implementing described method.
In pneumatic steelmaking, in the metallurgical reaction of what its refined pig iron perhaps in office, when perhaps in such metallurgical furnace, handling other molten mass, always to make great efforts to make it possible in ongoing processing procedure, successively and promptly to obtain the temperature value of molten mass and/or the analysis result of this molten mass, processing procedure being controlled short as far as possible, and as much as possible near the analysis result index that will reach.Especially need raising speed, because chemical reaction is carrying out at a high speed, the danger of refining process or processing procedure can not be in time intervened in existence.And in most cases very abominable operating conditions does not satisfy these targets in the factory.In the steelmaking process that utilizes metallurgical reaction (converter, electric furnace etc.) to carry out, steel molten mass or any other non-ferrous metal molten mass (for example copper, nickel, aluminium) are being carried out second metallurgy when handling, also need further know temperature and/or its chemical analysis of molten mass after each treatment step.
For addressing these problems, done some effort, such as, from the spectral analysis of converter flame,, obtain the information in the correct moment of relevant termination refining treatment perhaps from its monochromatic absorption effect to specific wavelength.But the high-load of dust all is unfavorable for obtaining enough accurate pond iron slurry temperature and molten mass analysis result in foaming slag on the blowing condition of strong variations, the fusion pool iron slurry and the tail gas.
In addition, existing people has proposed a kind of thermometry (DE-B-1408873), promptly embeds the thermocouple of sealing in the refractory lining of converter, and this thermocouple stretches into converter inside, when converter was in running order, it was positioned at below the meniscus of the molten mass for the treatment of refining.But, the durability not insufficient of this thermocouple; In addition, its measurement result also is subjected to the adverse effect to the essential strong cooling of measurement mechanism.
In addition, we also know and a kind ofly measure method of temperature at predetermined instant by the blowpipe that is immersed in the molten mass.If be applied to pneumatic steelmaking, this method is bad.Because in order to measure, must the inclination converter, and then it is multiple just, this just causes nearly 40 ℃ temperature loss of steel melt.In addition, this method is also time-consuming, because, before the inclination converter, at first blowpipe must be extended, after finishing measurement, again must be again just with converter,--if necessary--blowpipe could be withdrawn, and proceeds blowing then.Also have other shortcoming, comprise, the measurement point in the molten mass may be arbitrarily to choose, so difficulty has reproducibility.Also have, can not accurately measure the submergence of gauge head, this has also caused difficulty that reproducibility is arranged.
The chemico-analytic mensuration of molten mass is more complicated in essence.For carrying out chemical analysis, well-known, need take a sample by the blowpipe that immerses molten mass.When utilizing pneumatic steelmaking, this method must cause disadvantage because this sampling equally needs many times--converter of will tilting equally (unless with vertical secondary blowpipe mensuration)--sample also must be delivered to the laboratory and analyze.
During pneumatic steelmaking, well-known, can carry out quick carbon analysis by the critical point of measuring temperature and C content.But, can only obtain the equivalent of C in this way, when calculating actual carbon content, must consider to be present in some element of accompanying in the molten mass.
And we know, can carry out carbon, oxygen activity analysis in converter, take a sample and carry out temperature survey by secondary blowpipe.But this method is also bad, because described secondary blowpipe device itself (sample also is) is very expensive, is easy to high loss takes place, and only is only applicable to blow and handles the liquid slag of end stage.
EP-B-0162949 discloses the method that the optical radiation of sending on the slag surface of a kind of utilization in the converter space observes the slag the blowing pneumatic steelmaking form.In this method, be signal with described smooth opto-electronic conversion and handle that the variation of described signal is used as the foundation of the formation of judging foamslag.The receiver that is embedded in the converter sidewall is positioned at slag/fusion pool iron slurry top, is unsuitable for measuring the temperature and the molten mass chemical composition of fusion pool iron slurry.
US-A-4830601 discloses a kind of light that core from blowpipe flame is sent and has carried out the method and apparatus that spectral analysis is identified.Wherein, by spectral analysis, the supply of fuel and oxidation air is monitored.The described light that sends is sent to an electronic measuring device by the fiber optic conduction device, and the supply of described oxidation air and fuel is used as the gas analysis result's who is done function and is controlled.
In DE-A-4025909, a kind of similar equipment is disclosed, when producing reducibility gas in the high-temperature reactor that has improved operation pressure, this equipment is used for measuring temperature in described production run.
EP-A-0214483 discloses such technology, that is, by identifying the chemical composition that described iron is starched, wherein from the top to molten iron slurry surface winding-up oxygen or oxygen-containing gas, survey the light that sends from described molten mass surface with a spectrometer, to measure the chemical composition of described iron slurry.
US-A-4619533 and EP-A-0362577 disclose the method for this instructions beginning institute define styles, wherein, in preceding a case, are that the radiation of the metal melting body being sent by an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction is sent to a detector.According to EP-A-0362577, with laser focusing in the metal surface to produce plasma.The plasma light that sends from this metal surface is via a lens combination and an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction and be fed to a spectrometer and carry out ultimate analysis.Described lens combination comprises adjustable lens.Described lens are so adjusted, so that the strength ratio of two iron spectral lines, i.e. and the ratio minimum of atomic spectral line and the intensity of ion line.
In the method for this instructions beginning institute define styles, that is, when surveying, preferably undertaken by the furnace wall opening on the metallurgical furnace that holds the metal melting body for forming the gas winding-up that inflating cavity carries out from the electromagnetic wave that sends molten mass inside.Described opening must be lower than the standard meniscus.In the transitional region of described metallurgical furnace wall opening to molten mass, that is,,, also can cause the electromagnetic reflection of launching from molten mass even opening is very little at the fringe region of described opening, this just causes the distortion of measured value.If form the skull of mushroom-shaped by the solidification of molten body because of being blown into of gas--described skull be shaped as fringe region around the whole periphery of described opening; and protruding to the molten mass direction a hemispherical cavity--although it has defencive function to described opening; still constitute a kind of disturbing factor; it constantly changes size and position; thereby, will make measurement result that the distortion distortion takes place from described skull surface or from the radiation that the zone of transition of this skull and molten mass is sent.Situation shows, only when only being received from the radiation on molten mass surface and being sent to detector, just might measure accurately.From the fringe region of described opening or from the strong interference measure of the reflection ray of described skull, that is cause the distortion of measured value, and this distortion can not be distinguished out by any sign.
The objective of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned shortcoming and difficulty, and the method for a kind of instructions beginning institute define styles is provided, and a kind of equipment of implementing this method.By this method, can almost have no time tardily in simple mode, particularly, even can both be continuously under the situation of solid slag at thickness, record molten mass (such as, steel, stainless steel, ferroalloy and non-ferrous metal molten mass) in wish the value measured.The distortion of the measured value that causes because of the mal-condition of measuring process itself and steel mill's running can be prevented reliably that even the inflating cavity in the molten mass is very little, the distortion of measured value also can be got rid of.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned purpose reaches like this: by disposing with the electromagnetic wave of the optical axis oblique of optical system from radiated electromagnetic wave and being in electromagnetic wave outside the restriction radius that begins from the optical axis of optical system, involving the electromagnetic wave that sends from the fringe region of described cavity with the electromagnetism of the optical axis oblique of optical system all is excluded outside investigative range, this is to realize by the optical axis that described electromagnetic wave is snapped away from described optical system in such as scattering and focus lens system at a scattering of wave device of described optical system, thereby the electromagnetic wave that the optical axis that only is roughly parallel to described optical system is propagated just arrives the detector that an adjacent described optical system is installed, above-mentioned purpose also/or reach like this: move described optical system with respect to described cavity, regulate its optical axis simultaneously, up to producing a maximal value in electromagnetic radiation wave intensity described in the electromagnetic process of measuring radiation.
According to a most preferred embodiment, follow described scattering of wave device closely a bundle wave apparatus is installed, such as condenser lens or focus lens system, thereby, by this bundle wave apparatus, be roughly parallel to electromagnetic wave that described system optical axis propagates and be focused and directly or by an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction be fed to detector, but oblique electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic wave outside the restriction radius are not focused.
One better embodiment is characterised in that, described scattering of wave device and bundle wave apparatus following closely all move with respect to described cavity when regulating its optical axis, and this electromagnetic radiation wave intensity produces a maximal value in the process of measuring described radiated electromagnetic wave.In this way, even the formation of skull is intensive especially, and/or strong skull unidirectional growth is arranged, that is to say, even under being easy to form the very little situation of cavity diameter in skull or the molten mass especially, still can obtain best measurement result.
For carrying out the molten mass chemical analysis, suitably apply energy to described molten mass by described inflating cavity, under the effect of this energy, the part of molten mass is vaporized.Best and the described molten mass generation chemical reaction of described blowing gas, thus a part of molten mass vaporization made.
Carrying out for the protection measuring process; for form gas that described inflating cavity jets enter the molten mass place be preferably one or several gas sleeve pipes institutes around; described gas sleeve pipe contains hydrocarbon-containiproducts, the best protective medium that mixes mutually with inert gas.This make to form skull of solidification of molten body, guarantees the supply of gas, and the equipment of being convenient to carries out comparatively gentle basically processing, and that the latter measured just with the long-term work life-span of equipment is required.
If melt temperature and chemico-analytic mensuration and the parameter of calculating or recording in advance, carbon calculating or the chemico-analytic primary Calculation of measurement moment molten mass such as tails assay combine, and this method just can be simplified and be quickened.And, if only measured in the molten mass single element of planting, be contained in the molten mass and be contained in other element in the slag molten mass or the content of compound can be calculated by it such as manganese, chromium, the content of carbon in the molten slurry of iron etc.
According to the present invention, the degree of accuracy of this method can improve, and, when measuring, at described cavity inside, and/or is close to its front portion that is, adjusts a temperature that approaches the molten mass actual temperature as far as possible by introducing a kind of gaseous mixture.
Best, by means of one or more different gases of introducing in molten mass, and the chemical analysis of described molten mass is harmoniously changed, and make molten mass, perhaps molten mass and slag fully mix.
According to a most preferred embodiment, the cavity of described inflation is formed at the upper surface of molten mass, and for example, by a snorkel that immerses molten mass, the latter comprises optical devices, an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction and a detector etc.
A kind of equipment of implementing described method comprises:
--a shaft that holds molten mass,
--an air supply pipe that leads to an opening on the described shaft, thus comprise one towards the gas vent of described opening towards molten mass,
--the optical system of a described gas vent of observation,
--measurement is from the electromagnetic detector of described molten mass,
--a nonessential waveguide, to described detector, this equipment is characterised in that with described electromagnetic waveguide:
--a light wave scattering device, such as a scattering-focus lens system, and/or
--described optical system is installed movably with respect to described metallurgical furnace, preferably is rotatably mounted.
A most preferred embodiment is characterised in that:
--one follows the bundle wave apparatus of installing after the described scattering of wave device closely, such as a condenser lens, perhaps focus lens system of installing continuously successively and
--a detector that is positioned at described bundle wave apparatus focal region, perhaps one is installed in this place and the optical fiber waveguides in conjunction of the detector that leads.
Best, for described optical system provides a protection tube, comprise a gas bubbling device, especially a gas bubbling device that is used for cleaning described lens combination front surface.At solid, be blown under the situation of molten mass by described air supply pipe in the measurement period gap such as slag former, dust especially coal dust etc., described protection tube especially needs.
Another most preferred embodiment is characterised in that described scattering of wave device can rotate with respect to described gas vent towards molten mass, and the intersection point of the optical axis of this scattering of wave device and the transversal section of described gas vent can be regulated in this transversal section.
Described scattering of wave device and bundle wave apparatus can be installed to such an extent that can rotate, and this rotation is installed preferably to install by a universal movable joint and realized.
In the focal region of described bundle wave apparatus, the inlet or the described detector of an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction is installed.
Another embodiment is characterised in that the tip designs of described air supply pipe is the nozzle of a kind of bilayer sleeve or multilayer sleeve, and the conduit that its sleeve pipe annular space and one is presented hydrocarbon gas links to each other.Thereby form solidification of molten body skull, the latter makes described multilayer sleeve nozzle promptly to be installed in the stack brickwork of described body of heater being installed under the excellent protection state on the described body of heater around described gas access.
Best, the end of described air supply pipe is made of a multi-channel nozzle, and its nozzle opening links to each other with one or several supply pipe of supplying the potpourri of hydrocarbon gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, inert gas, water vapor, oil or water and/or aforementioned substances.This makes the life-span that can make the sleeve pipe nozzle when measuring and the degree of accuracy optimization of measurement, and normally the amount by regulating the gas that imports by described circular passage or liquid and composition are realized for these.
According to a most preferred embodiment, towards the gas vent of described air supply pipe a laser beam device is installed, this point is open in EP-A-0362577.One focalizer links to each other suitably with this laser beam device.
Best, an air supply pipe that comprises a scattering of wave device and immerse molten mass is installed.
Operation is according to the method for equipment of the present invention; it is characterized in that; in order to protect this equipment to stretch into part in the body of heater; by continuously or length by length with the carrying out of chemical reaction in the molten mass; that is along with the rising of temperature or molten mass by overheated and increase the supply of the protective medium of hydrocarbon-containiproducts, and control the supply of described protective medium.
Below, by several concise and to the point embodiment explained in detail the present invention shown in the drawings.In the accompanying drawing,
Fig. 1 is (part is broken away) concise and to the point full figure according to equipment of the present invention.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the different structure of a details among Fig. 1 respectively with the engineer's scale that amplifies.Fig. 4 has described a specific embodiment similar to Fig. 3.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively the sectional views according to further embodiment sectional view 2 planes.Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 schematic illustrations according to light path of the present invention.Fig. 9 has described a most preferred embodiment similar to Fig. 3.Diagram and Fig. 4 of Figure 10 are similar, are the transverse section of an air supply pipe.Figure 11 is another embodiment.
One is suitable for holding the metallurgical furnace 1 of the steel molten mass 3 that is covered with slag layer 2, for example, one converter that is lined with refractory lining (also can with vacuum drying oven or electric furnace or any other reactor etc.), the height of the meniscus 4 of described steel molten mass 3 when being lower than its normal filling, an opening 5 that is positioned on the sidewall 6 is arranged, be embedded with an air supply pipe 7 therein, this air supply pipe feeds the inside 10 of converters 1 from the inboard 9 of the sidewall 6 of converter 1 with a gas vent 8.All gases, for example oxygen, nitrogen, air, rock gas or their potpourri also have nonessential solid, for example powdery carbon and/or slag former and/or dust, can be imported into by described air supply pipe 7, mentioned gas can be used as the carrier gas of described solid.Described atmosphere storage is extracted by pipeline 12 in gas-holder 11 as required.Described solid is stored in one or more transport boxs 13, perhaps extracts from existed system, and by means of carrier gas, such as shown in Figure 1 air and to converter 1 supply.The chemical composition of described gas and the selection of gas and quantitative adjusting can realize by means of the valve sets 14 of schematic illustrations.
According to the embodiment that is shown among Fig. 2; the tip designs of described air supply pipe 7 is a sleeve pipe nozzle 15; wherein; a kind of hydrocarbon gas; can be mixed with nitrogen; be imported into converter 1 by circular passage 17, thereby cause forming the ring-type skull 18 of the opening of the described sleeve pipe nozzle 15 of protection owing to pyrolytic reaction around the mesotube 16 of this sleeve pipe nozzle.If serviceable life is unimportant, the end of described air supply pipe 7 also can be designed as simple single tube type (the gas sleeve pipe that does not have protectiveness).Be installed on the axis direction of sleeve pipe nozzle 15 and with this sleeve pipe nozzle arm 16 ＇ in line and feed described mesotube 16, this arm is equipped with a screen 19, and the passway of a plurality of adjacent arrangements is arranged on it, so that electromagnetic wave can pass through.In described screen 19 back, an optical system 20 as condenser lens is housed, in the back of this optical system 20, be an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 22, for example end of a glass fibre conduit.It is electromagnetic that described optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 leads to a response, and be furnished with the detector 22 of an amplifier and an electronic measuring device 23.
Described optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 and described optical system 20 preferably are installed in the protection tube 24.Can pass through a conduit 25 inert gas injecting in described arm 16 ＇, thereby guarantee that described optical system 20 is not subjected to dust pollution.
Described equipment operates by following mode:
For carrying out temperature survey, by described air supply pipe 7 to described converter 1--not having solid--inert gas preferably that only is blown into gas.Like this, gas pressure intensity causes forming the cavity 26 that is full of described gas, and being close to outside this cavity is exactly the skull 18 that forms ring-type, and therefore described cavity is limited by described skull and molten mass surface 27.The clear passage mouth of the gas of described skull 18 protection is arranged, and its smallest dimension wishes to be about 0.2-1.0cm
2
Electromagnetic wave sends from the surface 27 of the molten mass 3 that limits described inflating cavity 26, especially at visible light wave range and ultraviolet band.Screen or trap 19 and the described optical system 20 of described electromagnetic wave by opening is arranged arrives described optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21, and passes through the latter and arrive described detector 22.One electronic measuring device 23 makes it possible to be equivalent to the measurement with the electromagnetic temperature of natural way radiation.
According to the embodiment that is shown in Fig. 3, described protection tube 24 directly stretches into the stub area that is designed to sleeve pipe nozzle 15 of described air supply pipe 7 with described optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21.Described protection tube 24 can be used purging with nitrogen gas, but this does not have detailed icon in the drawings.
According to Fig. 4, this figure has described the section of the longitudinal tensile strain portion of crosscut one air supply pipe.Described air supply pipe 7 is designed to a kind of multi-channel nozzle in its stub area.In the central authorities of this multi-channel nozzle, described protection tube 24 and the described optical system 20 that comprises optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 are housed.The periphery of described protection tube 24 by 25,26 in space, two circular passages around, the latter two radially at intervals by described protection tube, can inject hydrocarbon gas in converter 1.
In space, two circular passages 28 " and 28 ' ' ' between another space, circular passage 28 be some passage 28 ＇ by separator lined radially, from the transversal section, extend on each comfortable part circumferential area of described passage.By these passages 28 ＇, other gas such as oxygen, inert gas or their potpourri, can be imported into described converter.
Fig. 5 has described according to a kind of measuring equipment of the present invention, and it comprises a laser beam device 29, and the latter can be used to carry out the molten mass analysis.In the case, the protection tube 24 that comprises described optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 by slight eccentricity be installed in the air supply pipe 27.Propagated to described gas vent 8 obliquely by the laser beam 30 that laser beam device 29 produces, with the center by described gas vent 8 roughly, thereby vaporization converter inside is at the molten mass of bubble-liquid transition band.From the electromagnetic wave 31 that the vaporization molten mass gives off, in Fig. 5,, survey, and measure by electronic measuring device 23 by optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 with the indication of waveform arrow.Best, described laser beam is focused by a condenser lens, forms a focus point at the gaseous state of described molten mass 3 and opening 5 places between the liquid surface.Described equipment can design like this, so that it can move on beam direction, thereby guarantees the best located of described focus point.Described air supply pipe 7 is designed to a kind of sleeve pipe nozzle in its stub area, and by described annular space or circular passage 17, hydrocarbon gas, inert gas or its potpourri are injected into converter 1.
Fig. 6 shows a transversal section by the stub area of the air supply pipe 17 revised a little.Described air supply pipe 7 outsides are made of pair of lamina sleeve pipe 32, and hydrocarbon gas, nitrogen etc. are injected into via the annular space 33 of this bilayer sleeve formation.The inner space of described air supply pipe 7 is divided and is formed through the several times in next door 35, and for example four among the embodiment as shown in the figure roughly wait the space 34 of yardstick.Radially with on the longitudinal direction is extending in described next door.By one of described space 34, laser beam 30 is imported into the inside of converter 1, comprises that 24 of the protection tubes of the described lens combination that contains described optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 pass through from second space 34.Different gas can be presented in each space 34, for example oxygen or inert gas or their potpourri.
In Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, understand and show briefly according to best light path of the present invention.The electromagnetic wave 36 that sends from the fringe region 35 of cavity 26 and opening 5, with, especially the electromagnetic wave 39 propagated of electromagnetic wave 37 that reflects from skull 18 and the optical axis 38 that is diagonal to optical system 20, also has the electromagnetic wave 40 outside the restriction radius 41 that the optical axis 38 from optical system 20 begins, all be excluded outside investigative range, this is by with a scattering of wave device 42 that for example is designed to a scattering and focus lens system the optical axis 38 that described electromagnetic wave is snapped away from described optical system 20 being realized.
After the described scattering of wave device a branch of wave apparatus 43 is arranged, by the latter, the electromagnetic wave that is roughly parallel to optical axis 38 propagation of described optical system 20 is focused.But this focusing does not comprise the electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic wave 39,40 outside the restriction radius 41 that the optical axis 38 from optical system 20 begins of optical axis 38 propagation that are diagonal to described optical system 20.
As can be seen, the difference of scheme shown in Figure 7 and scheme shown in Figure 8 is, in Fig. 7, detector 22 is placed directly on the focal region 44 of bundle wave apparatus 43, and according to Fig. 8, shown in the focal region be the inlet 45 of an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction, this optical fiber waveguides in conjunction leads to a detector that includes an electronic measuring device.
According to embodiment shown in Figure 9, optical system 20--preferably includes a scattering of wave device 42 and a branch of wave apparatus 43--is rotatably installed in the mesotube 16, and preferably makes the optical axis of optical system 20 can arrive the every bit in the transversal section of opening 5.That removable installation like this can be connected by some and described optical system, in Fig. 9, realize with the hydraulic cylinder shown in the arrow 46, perhaps install and realize by universal movable joint.Thereby, just can regulate the optical axis 38 of described optical system 20, even when making skull resembles Fig. 9 unidirectional growth, optical axis also can point to molten mass 3, thereby just can avoid the distortion of the measured value that causes because of skull 18.In the case, rotate described optical system 20, up to producing a maximal value at radiated electromagnetic wave described in the electromagnetic process of measuring radiation.This constitute to judge that optical axis 38 of described optical system 20 is actually and points to described molten mass, rather than the orientation standard of the fringe region of skull 18 or described opening 5 as described.Moving of described optical system 20 can be regulated described optical system automatically by means of a motor-driven, and regulative mode can make and progressively obtain a maximum intensity value.In addition, also can be shown in double-head arrow 47 and obtain the axially movable property of optical system 20, similarly, for this purpose, electro-motor or hydraulic cylinder can be installed.
Figure 10 is similar to Fig. 4, shows the transversal section of an air supply pipe.This air supply pipe comprises four concentric cylindrical sleeve pipes 24,48,49,50, forms intermediate space 51,52,53 between described cylinder-shaped sleeve.Innermost layer sleeve pipe 24 is equipped with optical system 20, optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 and nonessential detector 22 therein as the air supply pipe of measuring.The intermediate space 51 of the next one of radially adjoining between cylinder-shaped sleeve 24 and 48 is filled with fire resistive material 54, is provided with groove 55 in the neighboring of described fire resistive material, and if desired, described groove is lined with metal-sheet cladding 56.By these grooves, protective gas, for example methane, methane add nitrogen, etc., be directed to the end of air supply pipe 7.Next annular space 52 radially along the circumferential direction has about 1/4th to be filled with fire resistive material 54, this annular space 52 remaining 3rd/4th, empty, be used for presenting oxygen or be mixed with the oxygen of other gas.53 of radially outermost annular spaces are used for supplying protective gas.
According to the embodiment that is shown among Figure 11, the air supply pipe 7 of described optical system 20 and signal transducer (optical fiber waveguides in conjunction 21 and/or detector 22) wherein is installed, by being convenient to of not being shown specifically among the figure in travel mechanism that the direction of arrow shown in Figure 11 57,58 moves, and immerse the described molten mass 3, thereby in molten mass 3, form an inflating cavity 26 from the top via the upper surface of molten mass 3.In this case, the end of described air supply pipe 7 also can be designed as a sleeve pipe nozzle, to constitute a protective gas sleeve pipe.
Measurement can be carried out according to two kinds of different ultimate principles, that is, and and a kind of use pyrometer, a kind of use spectrometer.Subsequently, realize measuring by the special electronic measuring device that is different from described two kinds of systems.
Radiation under pure temperature survey situation is different from wants to carry out the situation that molten mass is analyzed.In molten mass is analyzed, observe produce by laser or by the spectrum (ultraviolet band) of plasma resonance.
Claims (24)
1, a kind of mensuration is from a molten mass (3), especially the electromagnetic wave that sends of metal melting body inside, especially visible light wave range and contiguous ultraviolet and the electromagnetic method of infrared band, wherein, pass through blowing gas, in described molten mass (3), form the cavity (26) of an inflation, and the electromagnetic wave (31) that sends from this molten mass (3) by the observation of described blowing gas, again by described electromagnetic wave being fed to a detector (22) via an optical system (20) and it being measured, thereby measure temperature and/or chemical composition, this method is characterised in that, by from radiated electromagnetic wave (31), dispose with optical axis (38) oblique of optical system (20) and be in electromagnetic wave (36 outside the restriction radius (41) of optical axis (38) beginning of optical system (20), 37,39,40), with electromagnetic wave (39 optical axis (38) oblique of optical system (20) and that send from the fringe region of described cavity (26), 36,37) all be excluded outside investigative range, this be by the scattering of wave device (42) of described optical system (20) such as scattering and focus lens system in described electromagnetic wave (36,37,39,40) be snapped away from the optical axis (38) of described optical system (20) and realize, thereby the electromagnetic wave that only is roughly parallel to described optical system (20) optical axis (38) propagation just arrives the detector (22) that an adjacent described optical system (20) is installed, the feature of this method also/or be, move described optical system (20) with respect to described cavity (26), regulate its optical axis simultaneously, up to producing a maximal value in electromagnetic radiation wave intensity described in the electromagnetic process of measuring radiation.
2, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, follow described scattering of wave device (42) closely a bundle wave apparatus (43) is installed, such as condenser lens or focus lens system, thereby, by this bundle wave apparatus (43), be roughly parallel to electromagnetic wave that described optical system (20) optical axis (38) propagates and be focused and directly or by an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction (21) be fed to detector (22), but oblique electromagnetic wave and be not focused at the electromagnetic wave (36,37,39,40) that limits outside the radius.
3, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described scattering of wave device (42) and bundle wave apparatus (43) following closely all move with respect to described cavity (26) when regulating its optical axis (38), and this electromagnetic radiation wave intensity produces a maximal value (Fig. 9) in the process of measuring described radiated electromagnetic wave.
4, method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, apply energy by described inflating cavity (26) to described molten mass (3), under the effect of this energy, the part of molten mass (3) is vaporized, especially, by described blowing gas and described molten mass (3) chemical reaction taking place, thereby makes a part of molten mass (3) vaporization.
5, as one of claim 1 to 4 item or multinomial described method; it is characterized in that; for form gas that described inflating cavity (26) jets enter molten mass (3) locate to be preferably one or several gas sleeve pipes institutes around; described gas sleeve pipe contains hydrocarbon-containiproducts, the best protective medium that mixes mutually with inert gas.
6, as one of claim 1 to 5 item or multinomial described method, it is characterized in that, to temperature and the chemico-analytic mensuration and the parameter of calculating and/or recording in advance of molten mass (3), carbon calculating or the chemico-analytic primary Calculation of measurement moment molten mass such as tails assay combine.
7, as one of claim 1 to 5 item or multinomial described method, it is characterized in that, only measure in the molten mass (3) single element of planting such as manganese, chromium, the content of carbon in the molten slurry of iron etc., be contained in the molten mass (3) and be contained in other element in the slag molten mass (2) or the content of compound is then calculated by it.
8, as one of claim 1 to 7 item or multinomial described method, it is characterized in that, when measuring, in described cavity (26) inside, and/or be close to its front portion, adjust a temperature that approaches molten mass (3) actual temperature as far as possible by introducing a kind of gaseous mixture.
9, as one of claim 1 to 8 item or multinomial described method, it is characterized in that, by means of in molten mass (3), introducing one or more different gases, and the chemical analysis of described molten mass (3) is harmoniously changed, and make molten mass (3), perhaps molten mass (3) and slag (2) fully mix.
10, as one of claim 1 to 9 item or multinomial described method, it is characterized in that the cavity of described inflation (26) is formed at the upper surface (59) of described molten mass.
11, a kind of equipment of implementing as one of claim 1 to 10 item or multinomial described method comprises:
--a shaft (1) that holds molten mass (3),
--an air supply pipe (7) that leads to the opening (5) on the described shaft (1), comprise one towards described opening (5) thereby towards the gas vent (8) of molten mass (3),
--the optical system (20) of a described gas vent of observation (8),
--measurement is from the detector (22) of the electromagnetic wave (31) of described molten mass (3),
--a nonessential waveguide (7,21) with described electromagnetic wave (31) the described detector (22) that leads, is characterized in that:
--a light wave scattering device (42), such as a scattering-focus lens system, and/or
--described optical system (20) preferably turns and installs with respect to the removable installation of described metallurgical furnace (1).
12, equipment as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that:
--one follows the bundle wave apparatus (43) that described scattering of wave device (42) is installed afterwards closely, such as a condenser lens, perhaps focus lens system of installing continuously successively and
--a detector (22) that is positioned at described bundle wave apparatus focal region (44), perhaps one is installed in this place and the optical fiber waveguides in conjunction of a detector (22) of leading (21).
13, as claim 11 or 12 described equipment; it is characterized in that; for described optical system (20) provides a protection tube (24), comprise a gas bubbling device (25), especially a gas bubbling device that is used for cleaning described lens combination (20) front surface.
14, as one of claim 11 to 13 item or multinomial described equipment, it is characterized in that, described scattering of wave device (42) can rotate with respect to described gas vent towards molten mass (3) (8), and the optical axis (38) of this scattering of wave device (42) can be regulated in this transversal section with the intersection point of the transversal section of described gas vent (8).
15, equipment as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described scattering of wave device (42) and bundle wave apparatus (43) are all installed to such an extent that can rotate.
As claim 14 or 15 described equipment, it is characterized in that 16, described rotation installation is installed by a universal movable joint and realized.
17, as one of claim 11 to 16 item or multinomial described equipment, it is characterized in that,, the inlet (45) of an optical fiber waveguides in conjunction (21) is installed in the focal region (44) of described bundle wave apparatus (43).
18, as one of claim 11 to 17 item or multinomial described equipment, it is characterized in that,, described detector (22) is installed in the focal region (44) of described bundle wave apparatus (43).
19, as one of claim 11 to 18 item or multinomial described equipment, it is characterized in that, the tip designs of described air supply pipe (7) is the nozzle (15) of a kind of bilayer sleeve or multilayer sleeve, and its sleeve pipe annular space (17) links to each other with a conduit of presenting hydrocarbon gas.
20, as one of claim 11 to 19 item or multinomial described equipment, it is characterized in that, the end of described air supply pipe (7) is made of a multi-channel nozzle, and its nozzle opening links to each other with one or several supply pipe of supplying the potpourri of hydrocarbon gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, inert gas, water vapor, oil or water and/or aforementioned substances.
21, as one of claim 11 to 20 item or multinomial described equipment, it is characterized in that, a laser beam device (29) (Fig. 5,6) is installed towards the gas vent (8) of described air supply pipe (7).
22, equipment as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, a focalizer links to each other with described laser beam device (29).
23, as one of claim 11 to 22 item or multinomial described equipment, the air supply pipe (7) that it is characterized in that comprising a scattering of wave device (42) and immerse molten mass (3).
24, a kind of operation is as the method for one of claim 11 to 23 item or multinomial described equipment; it is characterized in that; in order to protect described equipment to stretch into part (7,21,23,15) in the body of heater (1); by continuously or length by length with the carrying out of chemical reaction in the molten mass (3); that is along with the rising of temperature or molten mass (3) by overheated and increase the supply of the protective medium of hydrocarbon-containiproducts, and control the supply of described protective medium.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96199165 CN1205770A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1996-12-19 | Method and device for measuring electromagnetic waves emanating from melt |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA2081/95 | 1995-12-20 | ||
| CN 96199165 CN1205770A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1996-12-19 | Method and device for measuring electromagnetic waves emanating from melt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1205770A true CN1205770A (en) | 1999-01-20 |
Family
ID=5129350
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96199165 Pending CN1205770A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1996-12-19 | Method and device for measuring electromagnetic waves emanating from melt |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1205770A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111157126A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2020-05-15 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Light receiving sensor, air conditioner using the same, dew condensation sensor, mold sensor, and electronic cooking device |
-
1996
- 1996-12-19 CN CN 96199165 patent/CN1205770A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111157126A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2020-05-15 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Light receiving sensor, air conditioner using the same, dew condensation sensor, mold sensor, and electronic cooking device |
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