CN1200446A - 密封结构 - Google Patents

密封结构 Download PDF

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CN1200446A
CN1200446A CN98108339A CN98108339A CN1200446A CN 1200446 A CN1200446 A CN 1200446A CN 98108339 A CN98108339 A CN 98108339A CN 98108339 A CN98108339 A CN 98108339A CN 1200446 A CN1200446 A CN 1200446A
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罗尔夫·福格特
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3492—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member with monitoring or measuring means associated with the seal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3248—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports
    • F16J15/3252—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports with rigid casings or supports
    • F16J15/3256—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports with rigid casings or supports comprising two casing or support elements, one attached to each surface, e.g. cartridge or cassette seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/324—Arrangements for lubrication or cooling of the sealing itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3244—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with hydrodynamic pumping action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3464—Mounting of the seal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S277/00—Seal for a joint or juncture
    • Y10S277/908—Seal for use in rotating and reciprocating arrangement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/17—Gear cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1715—Hob
    • Y10T407/172—Thread cutting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/10—Process of turning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/16—Severing or cut-off

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Sealing With Elastic Sealing Lips (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

密封结构,包括一个旋转对称的机械构件的被密封表面(10)和一个径向轴密封圈,它的由聚合物材料制成的密封棱(3)使表面(10)与一条由两个相互交叉的锥形表面(4、5)构成的密封边(6)相接触,其中朝向被密封空腔的第一锥形表面(4)与旋转轴线构成一个比背向被密封空腔的第二锥形表面(5、9)陡的锥角(8)。在表面(10)上车出一条带圆弧形槽底(12)的螺旋形分布的槽(11),其中槽底(12)具有0.4至1.6毫米的圆角半径,槽深小于15微米。

Description

密封结构
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分的密封结构和被密封表面的加工方法。
例如由DE-OS15433已知一种这样的密封结构和方法。为了得到回流螺旋槽在轴上设有做得与纵轴线倾斜的凹槽，其中处于由径向轴密封圈所施加的压力最大的部位的回流螺旋槽由于与压力相关的变形和磨损在经过短时间的运行以后便消失，使得根本不可能再出现密封圈的磨损。但是紧靠着失去回流螺旋槽的相邻轴颈残存的凹槽仍然起着回流作用。在已知资料中已经说明了，回流螺旋槽损坏径向轴密封圈的密封边。
凹槽通过简单的切入方法，例如通过旋转的砂轮或者用备有起润滑作用的粉末的抛光轮产生。磨削表面有这样的缺点：不能预知，在它按预先规定应用时密封结构是否具有足够好的密封性能。磨削的表面具有不可预先确定数量的螺旋形分布的、不同深度的多头螺旋槽，其中在表面加工过程中螺旋槽的数量和构形随着砂轮的状况、砂轮驱动轴的振动特性和/或待磨削表面以及旋转轴线相互的空间布局始终不可预计地发生变化。在此前随机产生表面上的多头螺旋槽结构时槽内被密封介质的量可能大到使径向轴密封圈不再能够使被密封介质回流到被密封空腔里来。
本发明的目的在于：这样地改进开头所述这种密封结构，使得表面上由加工形成的螺旋槽可以进行测量，并且螺旋槽在它对径向轴密封圈的密封性能的影响方面可以定量化，以避免由于不合适的表面状况使密封结构出故障。表面应该做成这样，使径向轴密封圈可以与机械构件的旋转方向无关地使为了润滑密封边所必需数量的介质回流到被密封空腔。
按照本发明这个目的用权利要求1和权利要求4的特征来解决。从属权利要求是有关优良的结构造型方面的内容。
为了解决这个任务考虑，在表面上车出具有圆弧槽底的螺旋形分布的槽，槽底的圆弧半径为0.4到1.6毫米，槽深小于15微米，与磨削的表面不同车削的表面制造费用可以低得多，此外车削产生的表面上的螺旋槽可以测量，并且在它对径向轴密封圈的密封性能的影响方面可以定量化。因此存在这样的可能性，方便和低成本地检验车削的表面是否符合技术要求以及是否保持所要求的参数。根据旋转方向的不同车削表面不同程度地在轴线方向沿表面输送被密封介质。当圆弧半径为0.4至1.6毫米，槽深小于15微米时径向轴密封圈能够使为了润滑密封边所必需数量的被密封介质不管机械构件的旋转方向如何都能回流到被密封空腔里来。径向轴密封圈的回流作用由两个锥形表面决定，其中朝向被密封空腔的第一锥形表面与旋转轴线构成一个比背向被密封空腔的第二锥形表面陡的锥角。
槽深最好至多10微米。通过较小的槽深与运行相关的径向轴密封圈的密封边的磨损也较小，使得按本发明的密封结构在更长的使用寿命的同时还具有更好的使用性能。
相邻螺旋槽的中心距最好为0.03至0.3毫米。当中心距不超过0.3毫米时与螺旋槽有关的从被密封空腔中流出来的被密封介质，不管机械构件的旋转方向如何，在任何情况下都小到足以保证通过径向轴密封圈形成可靠的密封。中心距小于0.03毫米没有多少意义，因为这种表面的加工需要较长的时间，而且螺旋槽的测量相当困难。
为了在长的使用寿命的同时达到更好的使用性能考虑，密封边的宽度比螺旋槽导程大1.5至4倍。
机械构件可以由轴或者盒式密封件的座圈构成。
此外本发明还涉及密封结构被密封表面的加工方法。为了解决这个目的用进给量0.03至0.3毫米，切削速度80至400米/分和切深0.04至0.4毫米(的切削参数)车削表面。用这样一种方法平均粗糙度数值按DIN 4762 Ra达到0.05至2微米。平均粗糙度数值Ra是粗糙度曲线所有轮廓数值的算术平均值。此外还达到按DIN 4768的粗糙深度Rz0.2至10微米，平均粗糙深度Rz是顺序排列的各个测量段单个粗糙深度的平均值。
按DIN 4768最大粗糙深度Rmax是整个测量区间内最大的单个粗糙深度，在采用上述方法时它最大不超过15微米。
下面借助于附图对所要求的密封结构和被密封表面的加工方法作进一步说明。
附图中：
图1按本发明的密封结构的第一种实施例的示意图，其中机械构件做成轴，
图2按本发明的密封结构的第二种实施例的示意图，其中机械构件做成盒式密封件的座圈，
图3图1和2的局部放大图“A”，和
图4表面的放大图。
图1中表示密封结构的第一种实施例，其中机械构件1由被密封的轴构成，并由一个径向轴密封圈2从外侧包围。径向轴密封圈2的密封棱3具有一个密封边6，它以两个相互交叉的锥形表面4、5为界。被密封介质处于被密封空腔之内，它以符号15表示。
朝向被密封空腔15的第一锥形表面4与旋转轴线7构成一个第一锥角8，它大于第二锥形表面5与旋转轴线7所限定的第二锥角9。密封边6在径向预紧力作用下紧密地与表面10相接触，密封边6的宽度比螺旋槽11的导程大1.5至4倍，使得即使在机械构件1静止的情况下也能保证良好的静态密封作用。
表面10构成密封边6的滑动面的部分区域至少设有一条螺旋形分布的槽11，它具有圆弧形槽底12，其中槽底12具有0.4至1.6毫米的圆角半径，在这个实施例中是1毫米。
图2表示按本发明的密封结构的第二种实施例，它和图1所示的第一实施例的区别仅仅在于被密封机械构件1由盒式密封件18的座圈17构成，它具有车削形成的表面10。
图3和图4中表示图1和2的局部放大图“A”。
例如也存在这样的可能性，整个表面10通过所要求的方法来加工。
这里表面10在进给量为0.03至0.3毫米。切削速度为80至400米/分和切深为0.04至0.4毫米的条件下精车出来。
车削表面10作为径向轴密封圈2的滑动面可以特别方便和低成本地加工出来。通过按本发明的方法在表面10上形成的螺旋槽可以准确地测量，并在它对径向轴密封圈的密封性能的影响方面可以定量化，因为在车削过程中形成一条具有相当于进给量的导程的螺旋槽。
按本发明的密封结构的优点在于：在保持径向轴密封圈2所述参数时通过它的两个锥形表面4、5的造型和布局与机械构件1的旋转方向无关地使被密封介质向被密封空腔15回流，即使在表面10上这样地车出槽11使被密封介质轴向从被密封空腔15中流出来，密封介质也会回流到被密封空腔里去。

Claims (7)

1.密封结构，包括一个旋转对称的机械构件的被密封表面和一个径向轴密封圈，它的由聚合物材料制成的密封棱以一个由两个相互交叉的锥形表面构成的密封边与被密封表面相接触，其中朝向被密封空腔的第一锥形表面与旋转轴线构成一个比背向被密封空腔的第二锥形表面与旋转轴线构成的夹角更陡的锥角，其特征在于：在表面(10)上车削出一条带圆弧形槽底(12)的螺旋形分布的槽(11)，槽底(12)具有0.4至1.6毫米的圆角半径，槽(11)的深度(13)小于15微米。
2.按权利要求1的密封结构，其特征在于：深度(13)至多为10微米。
3.按权利要求1至2之一的密封结构，其特征在于：槽(11)的相邻螺旋沟(14.1，14.2…)具有0.03至0.3毫米的中心距。
4.按权利要求1至3之任一项的密封结构，其特征在于：密封边(6)的宽度大于螺旋槽(11)导程的1.5至4倍。
5.按权利要求1至4之任一项的密封结构，其特征在于：机械构件(1)由轴构成。
6.按权利要求1至4之任一项的密封结构，其特征在于：机械构件(1)由盒式密封件(18)的座圈(17)构成。
7.按权利要求1至6之任一项的密封结构的被密封表面的加工方法，其特征在于：表面(10)在进给量为0.03至0.3毫米，切削速度为80至400米/分和切深为0.04至0.4毫米的条件下车出来。
CN98108339A 1997-05-23 1998-05-21 密封结构 Pending CN1200446A (zh)

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DE19721692A DE19721692C2 (de) 1997-05-23 1997-05-23 Dichtungsanordnung

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CN109237033A (zh) * 2017-07-11 2019-01-18 卡尔·弗罗伊登伯格公司 密封圈
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CA2235448A1 (en) 1998-11-23
DE19721692A1 (de) 1998-11-26
EP0879977A2 (de) 1998-11-25
JPH10331985A (ja) 1998-12-15
KR19980087547A (ko) 1998-12-05
BR9801675A (pt) 1999-04-06
EP0879977A3 (de) 1999-12-08
EP0879977B1 (de) 2003-05-14
DE59808322D1 (de) 2003-06-18
US6170834B1 (en) 2001-01-09
US6357325B1 (en) 2002-03-19
KR100293083B1 (ko) 2001-09-28
CA2235448C (en) 2003-08-26
DE19721692C2 (de) 2000-02-24

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