CN1184219A - Point-line contacted biased worm gearing and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of machanical transmission and machanical manufacture and relates to gear mesh principle, machine part, machine manufacture and other subjects. The present invention aims at providing one point-line contacted biased worm gearing transmission, which has simple machining process and excellent mesh quality of convex and cancave worm gear surface and thus has high bearing capacity and transmission efficiency and can realize point gear mesh.

Description

Point-line contacted biased worm gearing and manufacture method thereof

The invention belongs to mechanical transmission and mechanical manufacturing field, relate to subjects such as Principles of Gear Connection, mechanical parts and manufacturing technology.

At present, in all kinds of worm drive of extensive use, no matter be cylindrical worm gearing transmission, arc rotary surface worm drive or Procedure for Spiroid Gearing, its worm screw, the worm gear flank of tooth also all are line contact conjugate tooth profiles.Because transmission with the design of flank lines contact conjugation theory, too responsive to the distortion inaccuracy after foozle, assembly error and the load of transmission system part of transmission element, therefore, for realizing the expected design requirement, often to manufacturing, the assembling of transmission component higher required precision be proposed, the situation that can not produce a desired effect when also often occurring transmission work in the practice.In gear transmission, replace the line contact Tooth to overcome line contact Tooth shortcoming problem with the some contact Tooth, people study for many years." as far back as the fifties; Soviet Union HN Hovekov is when the gear transmission of the big bearing capacity of research; with regard to the problem that concerns of the instantaneous contact conditions of having discussed the point gearing transmission and flank of tooth relative curvature; over 30 years; obtained considerable progress in this field " (1988 3 phases of pre-control " gear " of Wu Xu hall Wang Xiaochun point gearing conjugate tooth profiles mismatch transmission performance), many achievements are used in practice, obtain good result.

As far back as five, the sixties, developed Procedure for Spiroid Gearing (OSaari, The MathematialBackground of spiroid Gear, " IndustrMath " No 7,1959 abroad; W.D.Nelson, spiroidGearing, " Machine Design " Vol33, No 4,5, and 6 1961; D.W.Dudey, GearHandBook, 1962).According to reports, this transmission has been used for wide spectrums such as farm machinery, Hoisting Machinery, lathe, guided missile.China has obtained a collection of achievement (Taiyuan Heavy Machinery College Procedure for Spiroid Gearing " gear " third phase in 1977) in the seventies application Procedure for Spiroid Gearing that begins one's study.The spiroid of this transmission, it is the Archimedes spiral worm screw, its advantage is: compare with normal cylindrical worm gear drive, this Procedure for Spiroid Gearing has that the number of teeth of working simultaneously is many, lubricating condition good, bearing capacity is big, transmission efficiency is high, sideshake is convenient to control, and the worm screw material can replace the copper material manufacturing with steel, thereby causes extensive attention.But the worm gear gear teeth of this transmission need be with complicated conical hob rolling cut, and the worm gear material is when use steel, and the worm gear flank of tooth needs carry out honing with spiroid shape top gem of a girdle-pendant bar, and to eliminate the distortion after the heat treatment, processing technology is complexity, and its popularization is affected; Theory analysis shows, the biasing worm drive is when the work of the worm gear wheel mark of mouth flank of tooth, worm screw, the worm gear gear teeth can be in contact condition in the flank of tooth, can have bigger induced curvature radius, can significantly improve bearing capacity, but when the Archimedes spiral Procedure for Spiroid Gearing is worked when the recessed flank of tooth of worm gear, worm screw, worm gear flank of tooth Line of contact distribution is bad, be unfavorable for forming between the flank of tooth lubricant film, meshing quality is poor, be difficult to improve bearing capacity and transmission efficiency (theoretical foundation " gear " second phases in 1979 of Procedure for Spiroid Gearing geometric parameter calculating such as Dong Xuezhu), the bigger potential bearing capacity that causes the recessed flank of tooth of worm gear to have can not obtain utilizing.Processing technology is complicated, and the recessed flank engagement of worm gear is of poor quality to be the major defect of Archimedes spiral Procedure for Spiroid Gearing.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing technology simpler, protruding, the recessed flank engagement quality of worm gear is all good, thereby can significantly improve the bearing capacity of transmission and point-line contacted biased worm drive that transmission efficiency also can realize flank of tooth point gearing transmission.

Technical solution of the present invention is:

The characteristics of point one line contacted biased worm gearing are:

The high flank of tooth A of worm spiral ₁With low flank of tooth T ₁, be respectively to be r at radius _JA1And r _JT1Two base cylinders on the involute helicoid that forms, the tooth-shape angle of the flank of tooth on the base cylinder tangent plane is λ _A1And λ _T1

The recessed flank of tooth A of worm gear ₂With convex side T ₂Be to be shaped with generating cutting milling simultaneously with the hyperboloid of one sheet one plane sword dish milling cutter:

Make worm gear wheel blank axis and fixed coordinate system σ before the mill teeth ₂(o ₂x ₂, y ₂, z ₂) z ₂Axle overlaps, dish milling cutter axis and translate coordinate system σ ₁ ⁽¹⁾(o ₁ ⁽¹⁾x ₁ ⁽¹⁾, y ₁ ⁽¹⁾, z ₁ ⁽¹⁾) z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axle overlaps, z ₁ ⁽¹⁾With z ₂Distance between axis is a ¹, z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axis and moving coordinate system σ not ₂ ¹(o ₂ ¹x ₂ ¹, y ₂ ¹, z ₂ ¹) x ₂ ¹Angle between axis is λ _T2Wheel blank is with angular velocity omega when milling the gear teeth ₂Around z ₂Axle rotates, and milling cutter is with any angular velocity omega _dAround Z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axle rotates, and in company with translate coordinate system σ ₁ ⁽¹⁾Together along and x ₂ ¹Axis forward angle is π-α _aStraight line o ₁ ⁽¹⁾The s direction is with Vs=a ¹ω ₂/ (Cos α _d+ Sin α _dTg λ _A1) ' speed moves.

Be distributed in cutter A _dBlade Envelope Milling on the face goes out gear teeth concave surface A ₂, be distributed in cutter T _dBlade Envelope Milling on the plane goes out the convex side T of worm gear ₂

If make one and worm gear rotational axis O ₂-O ₂Plane P at a distance of a ' _A, A will be surrendered with several recessed flank of tooth simultaneously in this plane ₂₁, A ₂₂, A ₂₃Etc. several curves, this curve all bends towards gear teeth teeth groove one side; At A ₂₁, A ₂₂, A ₂₃At the middle part of curve, K must be arranged ₂₁, K ₂₂, K ₂₃Etc. all points, these somes n that can draw a straight line _k, n _kThe acute angle folded with the straight line that is parallel to the worm gear axis is 90 °-λ _A1, n _kBe exactly that each recessed flank of tooth is at K ₂₁, K ₂₂, K ₂₃The common normal at all somes place;

The worm gear convex side is at radius $R_T$ $2_{}=\frac{V_S}{{\mathrm{\ω}}_2}({\mathrm{Cos\α}}_d-\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\α}}_d\mathrm{tg}{\mathrm{\λ}}_{T2})$ Base cylinder on the involute helicoid that forms, the straight edge line L of convex side _T2Be base cylinder tangent plane P _TWith the intersection of convex side, L _T2The acute angle folded with the straight line that is parallel to the worm gear axis is λ _T2

Its characteristics of the manufacture method of point-line contacted biased worm gearing are:

1. mill the method for worm-gear tooth:

Adjust frock: on milling machine tool main shaft for sleeping in, load onto cantilever milling cutter knife bar 23; Base 1 usefulness fixing bolt 19 is fastened on the worktable GT that mills for sleeping in upward " will be adjusted the angle between base 1 swallow-tail way guide passage center line and main-shaft axis earlier, make =λ before fixing _T2+ α _d"; Unclamp the clamping bolt 4 of fastening saddle 2 and main shaft frame 3, unclamp the clamping bolt 6 of fastening screw female seat 5 and base 1 again, then main shaft frame 3 is rotated an angle [alpha] _a, make the angle between frock main-shaft axis and machine tool chief axis axis be

, after this screw nut 4, saddle 2 and main shaft frame 3 are joined together, screw nut 6 again base 1 and nut seat 5 are joined together; Utilize the machine table elevating screw, adjust the distance of machine tool chief axis axis and frock main shaft between centers, make this distance be α '=a+r _JA1Calculate model and become the number of teeth of change gear a, b, c, d, and utilize change gear plate 18 to become worm screw 12 usefulness models to become train to link up with model leading screw 9; On knife bar, install milling cutter 22, prepare cutting;

Mill worm-gear tooth: start machine tool chief axis, milling cutter rotates, and milling cutter is placed beginning cutting position K ₀-K ₀The place.Rotate machine table traverse feed leading screw again, make cutter incision worm gear base.After this start drive unit (20) again, carry out model and become mill teeth work; Cutter is to stopping cutting position K _U-K _UIn time, mills the roller seating space that is over and closes drive unit (20) and stop machine tool chief axis and rotate; Rotate the machine table cross feed screw, withdraw from cutter, and then start drive unit (20), make the frock reversing motion, treat that cutter gets back to initial cutting position K ₀-K ₀The time close drive unit (20); Extract calibration porose disc pivot pin (16), rotate indexing worm (13), carry out calibration work; After having divided a tooth, plug latch (16);

After this, repeat above operation, mill second roller seating space of the gear teeth and calibration, so cycling is until having milled the whole roller seating spaces of worm-gear tooth;

2. the method for car worm screw:

At first adjust frock: block top 2 with three jaw chuck, the cylindrical of roof head 2 and in end car rounding nest (or awl nest); In the taper hole of tail stock 3, be inserted with the counter of taper shank and take over a business 4, instead done round nest (or awl nest) on taking over a business; Frock chucking cover 6 and 6 ' respectively is enclosed within on top 2 and the workpiece 5, and makes L=L ', with chucking screw 7,7 ' chucking top 2 and workpiece 5, make 6 and 2 to connect firmly one then, 6 ' connect firmly with 5; The workpiece 5 of will be in advance doing round nest (or awl nest) at two end part reaches with top 2 respectively instead takes over a business that the steel ball in the nest holds out against on 4; Adjust tailstock 3 and counter take over a business 4 position so that the axis of worm screw 5 on horizontal plane and with lathe spindle axis deviation angle be α ₁

After above-mentioned adjustment, can be by the helicoid of the method car system spiroid of car rounding post involute worm.

The present invention has designed a kind of flank of tooth point contact conjugation biasing worm drive, and its worm screw can be made into taper, also can be made into cylindric.For the worm gear made from Chilled Hardened Steel, the flank of tooth of this transmission will be worked under a contact condition for a long time; For the worm gear made from copper, cast iron and engineering plastics etc., because material is easy to running-in, so transmission is after running-in and load break-in, worm screw, the worm gear flank of tooth become the flank lines contact conjugation transmission that can adapt to processing, assembling and distortion equal error gradually by some contact conjugation originally.

The biasing worm drive of the present invention's design has advantages of high bearing capacity and transmission efficiency when not only the worm gear convex side is worked, the recessed flank of tooth of worm gear will have higher bearing capacity and transmission efficiency when working.Worm screw can be taper and also can be made into cylindricly, and can realize flank of tooth point gearing transmission.The cutting on common general purpose machine tool of its worm screw, all available simple cutter of the worm gear flank of tooth and better simply technological equipment is shaped.Because the worm gear gear teeth of this transmission can be without hob cutting, and worm screw, all available simple shape emery wheel of the worm gear flank of tooth and better simply frock carry out grinding, and this has just created good condition for choose reasonable transmission parameter more with copper take place of steel manufacturing worm gear.

Point of the present invention-line engagement biasing worm drive is the development and the raising of involute conic worm pair with straight generatrix contact transmission (patent of invention ZL90108407.7), it not only develops into a Contact Transmission to the Line of contact of former involute Procedure for Spiroid Gearing by straight edge line, and make some transmission major parameters become the technical data that to select flexibly within the specific limits, for example in the involute conic worm pair with straight generatrix contact transmission, modulus when transmission, after tooth-shape angle is selected, transmission centre distance is well-determined numerical value, and point-line setover worm geared centre distance can be within the specific limits selected (this difference is similar to the difference of transmission of involute standard cylinder gear and Modified Gear Transmission) flexibly.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified:

Fig. 1 Procedure for Spiroid Gearing schematic representation of setovering

Fig. 2 offset cylinder worm drive schematic representation

Fig. 3 worm screw geometric properties and base dimension

Fig. 4 worm-gear tooth flank of tooth

Fig. 5 hyperboloid of one sheet one plane sword dish milling cutter schematic representation

The basic geometric element of Fig. 6 dish milling cutter

The geometry of motion relation of Fig. 7 milling worm gear gear teeth

The geometric properties of Fig. 8 worm gear flank of tooth

The high flank of tooth A of Fig. 9 worm screw ₁With the recessed flank of tooth A of worm gear ₂The point gearing conjugation

Figure 10 worm screw hangs down flank of tooth T ₁With worm gear convex side T ₂The point gearing conjugation

Flank of tooth Line of contact schematic representation after Figure 11 break-in

Figure 12 worm gear addendum cone half-angle calculates aid illustration figure

Figure 13 mills the plan view of worm-gear tooth frock

Figure 14 mills the sectional view of worm-gear tooth frock

Figure 15 mills the kinematic sketch of mechanism of worm-gear tooth frock

Figure 16 turning worm screw tool structure schematic representation

Figure 17 turning worm screw frock is adjusted schematic representation

One, the present invention puts the feature of a line contacted biased worm gearing: (one) worm screw part:

Worm spiral of the present invention partly is taper or column, i.e. its semi-cone angle α ₁〉=0 (Fig. 3), the high flank of tooth A of worm spiral ₁With low flank of tooth T ₁, be respectively to be r at radius _JA1And r _JT1Two base cylinders on the involute helicoid that forms, the tooth-shape angle of the flank of tooth on the base cylinder tangent plane is λ _A1And λ _T1Worm screw has four moduluses, promptly

Conical surface modulus Axial module

High flank of tooth modulus Low flank of tooth modulus

P in the formula _Z1Be the tooth pitch along the conical surface, P _A1And P _T1Be A ₁Face and T ₁Face tooth pitch vertically, P _S1=p _Z1Cos α ₁General m _Z1(or M _S1) be standard module.(2) worm gear part:

The recessed flank of tooth A of worm gear ₂With convex side T ₂Be that the blade turning surface is at hyperboloid of one sheet A (Fig. 4) _dGo up and reach blade at plane T _dOn dish milling cutter (Fig. 5) be shaped with generating cutting milling simultaneously.Cross cutter A _dK on the face _dPoint (Fig. 6) is made straight line K _dO _d, this straight line and tool axis angle _d=α _d+ λ _T2(λ _T2With λ _T1Equivalent relevant, α _dWith λ _T2, λ _A1, α ₁Equivalent relevant, α _dAnd λ _T2Exact value calculate with providing formula below), and this line and cutter top h apart _Df〉=1.25m _Z1, should guarantee K during the design cutter _dPoint A _dThe normal n of face _KAWith tool plane normal n _TdBetween included angle X _d=λ _A1+ λ _T2Make worm gear wheel blank axis and fixed coordinate system σ before the mill teeth ₂(o ₂x ₂, y ₂, z ₂) z ₂Axle overlaps (Fig. 7), dish milling cutter axis and translate coordinate system σ ₁ ⁽¹⁾(o ₁ ⁽¹⁾x ₁ ⁽¹⁾, y ₁ ⁽¹⁾, z ₁ ⁽¹⁾) z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axle overlaps, z ₁ ⁽¹⁾With z ₂Distance between axis is a ', z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axis and moving coordinate system σ not ₂ ¹(o ₂ ¹x ₂ ¹, y ₂ ¹, z ₂ ¹) x ₂ ¹Angle between axis is λ _T2Wheel blank is with angular velocity omega when milling the gear teeth ₂Around Z ₂Axle rotates, and milling cutter is with any angular velocity omega _dAround Z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axle rotates, and in company with translate coordinate system σ ₁ ⁽¹⁾Together along and x ₂ ¹Axis forward angle is π-α _aStraight line o ₁ ⁽¹⁾The s direction is with Vs=a ω ₂/ (Cos α _d+ Sin α _dTg λ _A1) speed moves.With this understanding, be distributed in cutter A _dBlade Envelope Milling on the face goes out gear teeth concave surface A ₂, be distributed in cutter T _dBlade Envelope Milling on the plane goes out the convex side T of worm gear ₂Can prove that the worm gear gear tooth profile has following geometric properties:

The feature of the recessed flank of tooth of worm gear is: if make one and worm gear rotational axis O ₂-O ₂Plane P at a distance of a ' _A(Fig. 8), A will be surrendered with several recessed flank of tooth simultaneously in this plane ₂₁, A ₂₂, A ₂₃Etc. several curves, the feature of these curves is:

(1) A ₂₁, A ₂₂, A ₂₃All bend towards gear teeth teeth groove one side Deng curve;

(2) at A ₂₁, A ₂₂, A ₂₃At the middle part of curve, K must be arranged ₂₁, K ₂₂, K ₂₃Etc. all points, these somes n that can draw a straight line _k, n _kThe acute angle folded with the straight line that is parallel to the worm gear axis is 90 °-λ _A1, n _kBe exactly that each recessed flank of tooth is at K ₂₁, K ₂₂, K ₂₃The common normal at all somes place.

The geometric properties of worm gear convex side is:

(1) convex side is at radius $R_T$ $2_{}=\frac{V_S}{{\mathrm{\ω}}_2}({\mathrm{Cos\α}}_{\mathrm{\α}}-{\mathrm{Sin\α}}_{\mathrm{\α}}{\mathrm{tg\λ}}_{T2})$ Base cylinder on the involute helicoid (Fig. 8) that forms.

The straight edge line L of convex side _T2Be base cylinder tangent plane P _TWith the intersection of convex side, L _T2The acute angle folded with the straight line that is parallel to the worm gear axis is λ _T2

Two, main calculating formula of the present invention is as follows:

(2) the main calculating formula of worm screw physical dimension:

1. modulus:

The worm screw awl is to modulus m _Z1Generally according to the selected standard module of the payload of transmission.Other modulus calculation is as follows:

m _s＝m _Z1cosα ₁

m _A1＝m _Z1(cosα ₁+sinα ₁tgλ _A1)

m _T1＝m _Z1(cosα ₁-sinα ₁tgλ _T1)

2. semi-cone angle α ₁:

Semi-cone angle α ₁With m _Z1And the pass of transmission centre distance a is: $\mathrm{Cos}({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{A1}-{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_1)=\frac{2\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{A1}}{m_{z1}({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="A9712588400181.png,A9712588400202.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}_2{\mathrm{tg\&lambda;}}_{A1}-Z_1)}\mathrm{\&alpha;}$

Z in the formula ₁Be a worm spiral number, Z ₂Be the worm gear number of teeth.

(2) the main formula of worm gear physical dimension:

1. gear teeth convex surface tooth-shape angle λ _T2:

λ _T2Calculate by following set of equation:

Calculating formula is earlier according to line of contact n _k-n _k(Figure 10) in transmission the status requirement that should occupy, determine θ by set of equation first formula ₁, θ ₂Value, calculate λ by set of equation second formula then _T2

2. worm gear addendum cone semi-cone angle α ₂

If formed conical surface of worm screw bus M (Fig. 3) and worm gear addendum cone face are at P point tangent (Figure 12), then ${\mathrm{Cos\&alpha;}}_2=\sqrt{1+\frac{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2}{{\&lsqb;y_p+{(y_p+{\mathrm{\&Delta;l}}_l)\mathrm{tg}}^2{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_1\&rsqb;}^2}}\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{Sin\&alpha;}}_l$

λ p in the formula ₁, Δ l ₁Be line segment length shown in Figure 12.(3) the cutter model that mills worm-gear tooth becomes angle α _d ${\mathrm{tg\&alpha;}}_d=\frac{m_{A1}-m_{T1}{\mathrm{Cos\&theta;}}_2}{{\mathrm{tg\&lambda;}}_{T2}{m}_{A1}+{\mathrm{tg\&lambda;}}_{A1}\&CenterDot;m_{T1}{\mathrm{Cos\&theta;}}_2}$ Three, the theory of engagement:

During the worm and worm gear engagement, worm axis and fixed coordinate system σ ₁(O ₁x ₁, y ₁, z ₁) z ₁Axle overlaps (Fig. 9), worm gear axis and fixed coordinate system σ ₂(O ₂X ₂Z ₂) Z ₂Axle overlaps.Z ₁With Z ₂Axis normal is staggered, and diaxon is a=a '-r apart _JA1, σ ₁, σ ₂All the other axis parallel to each other.

Make plane P _A, P _AWith worm tooth A ₁(radius is r to the base cylinder of face _JA1) tangent and be parallel to O ₂Y ₂Z ₂The plane is by above discussing as can be known P _AWith the high flank of tooth A of worm screw ₁Intersection be exactly A ₁The bus L of face _A1, P _AWith the recessed flank of tooth A of worm gear ₂Intersection be exactly curve A _2i(i=1,2,3 ...).Because in curve A _2iOn K _2iThe recessed flank of tooth A of some place's worm gear ₂Normal be n _A, and n _AAlso be the high flank of tooth A of worm screw ₁Straight edge line L _A1So the normal of last each point is the high flank of tooth A of worm screw ₁Straight edge line L _A1On 1 K _1iMust with the recessed flank of tooth A of worm gear ₂On K _2iPoint contacts, and forms the point gearing conjugate surface, normal n _ABe its line of contact.The stressed back of transmission is because point of contact K _1i, K _2iFlank of tooth generation resiliently deformable in place's little oval contact area occurs at the point of contact neighborhood, and transverse is crossed K _1i, K _2iPoint, and relative worm tooth-surface bus L _A1A small angle tilts.

When worm screw, worm gear engagement, worm screw hangs down flank of tooth T ₁Base cylinder and worm gear convex side T ₂Base cylinder at a distance of a small distance Δ _a(Figure 10).Worm screw hangs down flank of tooth T ₁Base cylinder tangent plane P _T1With low flank of tooth T ₁Intersection be low flank of tooth T ₁Straight edge line L _T1, worm gear convex side T ₂Base cylinder tangent plane P _T2With worm gear convex side T ₂Intersection be convex side T ₂Straight edge line L _T2, L _T1With L _T2Intersect an angle ψ.Tangent plane P _T1With P _T2Surrender straight line n mutually _T-n _TCan prove P _T1, P _T2Inclination angle [theta] ₁, θ ₂Satisfy set of equation

The time, straight line n _k-n _kBe exactly the low flank of tooth T of worm screw ₁With worm gear convex side T ₂Common normal at point of contact K place, it also is T simultaneously ₁With T ₂Line of contact, flank of tooth T ₁With T ₂Can be at n _k-n _kAny point place on the line realizes point gearing, and the flank of tooth forms a little ellipsoid contact area in the neighborhood generation resiliently deformable of point of contact K after the driven loads, and transverse is clipped in flank of tooth bus L _T1And L _T2Between.

Theory analysis proves that above-mentioned point gearing transmission may change line contact conjugation drive state into after running-in, break-in, at this moment, and the high flank of tooth A of worm screw ₁With the recessed flank of tooth A of worm gear ₂Line of contact and the A among Figure 11 ₁-A ₂Straight line is approaching; Worm screw hangs down flank of tooth T ₁With worm gear convex side T ₂Line of contact and Figure 11 in curve T ₁-T ₂Approaching.The distribution of this Line of contact still helps forming between the flank of tooth lubricant film.Four, worm and worm gear system tooth technological equipment and tooth-making method (1) worm gear mill teeth technological equipment and mill teeth method are (referring to Figure 13-Figure 15): 1) worm gear mill teeth frock

The worm gear gear teeth of the present invention utilize the mill teeth frock to mill system with the hyperboloid of one sheet-plane sword dish milling cutter common for sleeping in milling.

On mill teeth frock (Figure 13, Figure 14) base 1 dovetail slideway is arranged, utilize guide rail to constitute sliding pair and connect with saddle 2.The mating face of saddle 2 and main shaft frame 3 is made circular concave surface and convex surface respectively saddle 2 and main shaft frame 3 usefulness revolute pairs is linked.The nut seat 5 that can rotate on 1 of band guide groove is housed on the base 1, on four corners of nut 7 four rollers 8 are housed, these four rollers are stuck in the guide groove of nut seat 5, and nut 7 just can move along the direction of arrow (guide groove guide passage) in the guide groove of nut seat 5 relaxedly like this.The leading screw 9 of packing in the nut 7, the two ends of leading screw 9 connect with revolute pair and main shaft frame 3.Main shaft 10 is contained on the main shaft frame 3, and its right-hand member cover is loaded onto model and become worm gear 11, and model becomes the bearing support at worm screw 12 two ends and main shaft frame 3 to connect firmly.Become the bearing support that connects firmly indexing worm 13 on the end face of worm gear 11 with screw at model, dividing worm wheel 14 usefulness key connecting are on main shaft 10.Calibration porose disc 15 also links with key and main shaft 10, and the support 17 of calibration latch 16 is fixed on the bearing support of indexing worm 14.Gear a, b, c, d and j among the figure is that model becomes change gear, utilizes change gear plate 18 and model to become train, becomes worm screw 12 and leading screw 9 to link up model.The kinematic sketch of mechanism of frock when Figure 15 is mill teeth.

2) mill the method for worm-gear tooth:

Adjust frock before the mill teeth earlier, its set-up procedure is as follows: one, load onto cantilever milling cutter knife bar 23 on the machine tool chief axis.Two, base 1 usefulness fixing bolt 19 is fastened on for sleeping in milling on the worktable GT.To adjust the angle between base 1 swallow-tail way guide passage center line and main-shaft axis before fixing earlier, make =λ _T2+ α _dThree, unclamp the clamping bolt 4 of fastening saddle 2 and main shaft frame 3; Unclamp the clamping bolt 6 of fastening screw female seat 5 and base 1 again, then main shaft frame 3 is rotated an angle [alpha] d, make the angle between frock main-shaft axis and machine tool chief axis axis be After this screw nut 4, saddle 2 and main shaft frame 3 are joined together; Screwing nut 6 again joins base 1 and nut seat 5 together.Four, utilize the machine table elevating screw, adjust the distance of machine tool chief axis axis and frock main shaft between centers, make this distance be α '=a+r _JA1Five, calculate model and become the number of teeth of change gear a, b, c, d, and utilize change gear plate 18 to become worm screw 12 usefulness models to become train to link up with model leading screw 9.Six, on knife bar, install milling cutter 22, prepare cutting.

Frock is after above-mentioned steps is adjusted, when starting drive unit 20, drive unit drives model and becomes worm screw 12, model becomes worm screw 12 by worm gear 11 main shaft to be rotated on the one hand, become train a, b, c, d, reach 9 rotations of j drive screw mandrel by model again on the other hand, 9 promotion main shafts of screw mandrel frame 3 and saddle 2 move in the swallow-tail way of base 1 together.Like this, be clamped on due relative rolling movement (consulting Fig. 7 and relevant explanation thereof) when just having had mill teeth between worm gear wheel blank 21 and the milling cutter 22 on the frock main shaft.Seven, start machine tool chief axis, milling cutter rotates, and milling cutter is placed beginning cutting position K ₀-K ₀The place.Rotate machine table traverse feed leading screw again, make cutter incision worm gear base.After this start drive unit 20 again, carry out model and become mill teeth work.Eight, cutter is to stopping cutting position K _U-K _UIn time, mills the roller seating space that is over and closes drive unit 20 and stop machine tool chief axis and rotate.Nine, rotate the machine table cross feed screw, withdraw from cutter, and then start drive unit 20, make the frock reversing motion, treat that cutter gets back to initial cutting position K ₀-K ₀The time close drive unit 20.Ten, extract calibration porose disc pivot pin 16, rotate indexing worm 13, carry out calibration work.After having divided a tooth, plug latch 16.

After this, repeat the operation of the above-mentioned July 1st ten, mill second roller seating space of the gear teeth and calibration, so cycling is until having milled the whole roller seating spaces of worm-gear tooth.

(2) car system worm screw frock and skiving method (referring to Figure 16-Figure 17):

1) car system worm screw frock: the worm spiral face utilizes special tooling (Figure 16) car system on engine lathe, two semicircle forks 1 of frock and 1 ' the end make tapped hole, four screw rods 2 of screw-in and 2 in the tapped hole ', spherical (or taper) nest is made in screw rod 2 and 2 ' the inner, so that withstand steel ball 3, mix up screw rod 2 and 2 ' and the gap of 3 of steel balls after with four nuts 4 and 4 ' with screw rod 2,2 ' locking.The afterbody of semicircle fork with round pin 5,5 ' and chucking overlap 6,6 ' on pole link up the composition rotary pair.Workpiece chucking cover 6,6 ' on be equipped with the screw 7 and 7 of chucking usefulness ', should make during the design frock that size satisfies l among the figure ₁=l ₁', l ₂=l ₂'.

2) worm spiral method for turning:

Follow these steps to adjust earlier frock before the car spiral:

One, with three jaw chuck block the top 2, the cylindrical of car 2 and end car rounding nest (or the awl

Nest)

Two, in the taper hole of tail stock 3, be inserted with the counter of taper shank and take over a business 4, instead done on taking over a business

Circle nest (or awl nest)

Three, frock chucking cover 6 and 6 ' respectively is enclosed within on top 2 and the workpiece 5, and makes L=L,

With chucking screw 7,7 ' chucking top 2 and workpiece 5, make 6 and 2 to connect firmly one then

Body, 6 ' connect firmly with 5.

Four, the workpiece 5 that will do round nest (or awl nest) in advance at two end part uses top 2 to reach respectively

Instead take over a business that the steel ball in the nest holds out against on 4.

Five, adjust tailstock 3 and counter take over a business 4 position so that the axis of worm screw 5 on horizontal plane also

With lathe spindle axis deviation angle α ₁, at this moment, worm screw workpiece tapering bus with lathe

Big cargo chute guide rail guide passage is parallel on the lathe bed.

After above-mentioned adjustment, can be by the helicoid of the method car system spiroid of car rounding post involute worm.

Claims (3)

1 point-line contacted biased worm gearing is characterized in that:

The high flank of tooth A of worm spiral ₁With low flank of tooth T ₁, be respectively to be r at radius _JA1And r _JT1Two base cylinders on the involute helicoid that forms, the tooth-shape angle of the flank of tooth on the base cylinder tangent plane is λ _A1And λ _T1

The recessed flank of tooth A of worm gear ₂With convex side T ₂Be to be shaped with generating cutting milling simultaneously with the hyperboloid of one sheet-plane sword dish milling cutter:

Make worm gear wheel blank axis and fixed coordinate system σ before the mill teeth ₂(o ₂x ₂, y ₂, z ₂) z ₂Axle overlaps, dish milling cutter axis and translate coordinate system σ ₁ ⁽¹⁾(o ₁ ⁽¹⁾x ₁ ⁽¹⁾, y ₁ ⁽²⁾, z ₁ ⁽¹⁾) z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axle overlaps, z ₁ ⁽¹⁾With z ₂Distance between axis is a ', z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axis and moving coordinate system σ not ₂ ¹(o ₂ ¹x ₂ ¹, y ₂ ¹, z ₂ ¹) x ₂ ¹Angle between axis is λ _T2Wheel blank is with angular velocity omega when milling the gear teeth ₂Around Z ₂Axle rotates, and milling cutter is with any angular velocity omega _dAround Z ₁ ⁽¹⁾Axle rotates, and in company with translate coordinate system σ ₁ ⁽¹⁾Together along and x ₂ ¹Axis forward angle is π-σ _aStraight line o ₁ ⁽¹⁾The s direction is with Vs=α ' ω ₂/ (Cos α _d+ Sin α _dTg λ _A1) speed moves.

Be distributed in cutter A _dBlade Envelope Milling on the face goes out gear teeth concave surface A ₂, be distributed in cutter T _dBlade Envelope Milling on the plane goes out the convex side T of worm gear ₂

If make one and worm gear rotational axis O ₂-O ₂Plane P at a distance of a ' _A, A will be surrendered with several recessed flank of tooth simultaneously in this plane ₂₁, A ₂₂, A ₂₃Etc. several curves, this curve all bends towards gear teeth teeth groove one side; At A ₂₁, A ₂₂, A ₂₃At the middle part of curve, K must be arranged ₂₁, K ₂₂, K ₂₃Etc. all points, these somes n that can draw a straight line _k, n _kThe acute angle folded with the straight line that is parallel to the worm gear axis is 90 °-λ _A1, n _kBe exactly that each recessed flank of tooth is at K ₂₁, K ₂₂, K ₂₃The common normal at all somes place;

The worm gear convex side is at radius $R_{T2}=\frac{V_s}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_2}({\mathrm{Cos\&alpha;}}_d-{\mathrm{Sin\&alpha;}}_d\mathrm{tg}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{T2})$ Base cylinder on the involute helicoid that forms, the straight edge line L of convex side _T2Be base cylinder tangent plane P _TWith the intersection of convex side, L _T2The acute angle folded with the straight line that is parallel to the worm gear axis is λ _T2

The manufacture method of 2 points-line contacted biased worm gearing is characterized in that:

1. mill the method for worm-gear tooth:

Adjust frock: on milling machine tool main shaft for sleeping in, load onto cantilever milling cutter knife bar (23); Base (1) is fastened on the worktable GT that mills for sleeping in fixing bolt (19) upward " will be adjusted the angle between base (1) swallow-tail way guide passage center line and main-shaft axis earlier, make =λ before fixing _T2+ α _d"; Unclamp the clamping bolt (4) of fastening saddle (2) and main shaft frame (3), unclamp the clamping bolt (6) of fastening screw female seat (5) and base (1) again, then main shaft frame (3) is rotated an angle [alpha] a, make the angle between frock main-shaft axis and machine tool chief axis axis be

, after this screw nut (4), saddle (2) and main shaft frame (3) are joined together, screw nut (6) again base (1) and nut seat (5) are joined together; Utilize the machine table elevating screw, adjust the distance of machine tool chief axis axis and frock main shaft between centers, make this distance be α '=a+r _JA1Calculate model and become the number of teeth of change gear a, b, c, d, and utilize change gear plate (18) to become worm screw (12) to become train to link up with model leading screw (9) with model; On knife bar, install milling cutter (22), prepare cutting;

Mill worm-gear tooth: start machine tool chief axis, milling cutter rotates, and milling cutter is placed beginning cutting position K ₀-K ₀The place.Rotate machine table traverse feed leading screw again, make cutter incision worm gear base.After this start drive unit (20) again, carry out model and become mill teeth work; Cutter is to stopping cutting position K _U-K _UIn time, mills the roller seating space that is over and closes drive unit (20) and stop machine tool chief axis and rotate; Rotate the machine table cross feed screw, withdraw from cutter, and then start drive unit (20), make the frock reversing motion, treat that cutter gets back to initial cutting position K ₀-K ₀The time close drive unit (20); Extract calibration porose disc pivot pin (16), rotate indexing worm (13), carry out calibration work; After having divided a tooth, plug latch (16);

After this, repeat above operation, mill second roller seating space of the gear teeth and calibration, so cycling is until having milled the whole roller seating spaces of worm-gear tooth;

2. the method for car worm screw:

At first adjust frock: block top (2) with three jaw chuck, the cylindrical of roof head (2) and in end car rounding nest (or awl nest); What be inserted with taper shank in the taper hole of tail stock (3) instead takes over a business (4), has instead done round nest (or awl nest) on taking over a business; Frock chucking cover (6) and (6 ') are enclosed within respectively on top (2) and the workpiece (5), and make L=L ', with chucking screw (7), (7 ') chucking top (2) and workpiece (5), make (6) and (2) connect firmly one then, (6 ') connect firmly with (5); The workpiece (5) that will be in advance do round nest (or awl nest) at two end part respectively with top (2) and counter take over a business (4) upward the steel ball in the nest hold out against; Adjust tailstock (3) and anti-position of taking over a business (4) so that the axis of worm screw (5) on horizontal plane and with lathe spindle axis deviation angle be α ₁

After above-mentioned adjustment, can be by the helicoid of the method car system spiroid of car rounding post involute worm.

The manufacture method of 3 point-line contacted biased worm gearings as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:

The main body of described car system worm screw frock comprise the end be shaped on respectively two semicircles fork 1 and 1 of tapped hole ', screw in screw rod (2) and (2 ') that the inner is shaped on spherical (or taper) nest in this tapped hole respectively, steel ball (3) is held out against by four screw rods (2) and (2 '); Chucking overlaps the pole of (6) and (6 ') and uses round pin (5) and (5 ') to connect with two semicircles forks (1) and the activity of (1 ') composition respectively respectively, and screw (7) and (7 ') of chucking usefulness are equipped with in chucking cover (6) and (6 '); Satisfy l during design ₁=l ₁', l ₂=l ₂'.

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