CN118346311A - Automatic deicing device for tunnel portal of severe cold railway based on inorganic heat pipe - Google Patents
Automatic deicing device for tunnel portal of severe cold railway based on inorganic heat pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN118346311A CN118346311A CN202410556699.3A CN202410556699A CN118346311A CN 118346311 A CN118346311 A CN 118346311A CN 202410556699 A CN202410556699 A CN 202410556699A CN 118346311 A CN118346311 A CN 118346311A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic deicing device for a tunnel portal of a severe cold railway based on an inorganic heat pipe, which comprises a tunnel roof deicing device, a cooling device and a cooling device, wherein the cooling device is positioned at the tunnel roof and is adaptive to the radian of the cooling device; the ground rock geothermal acquisition device comprises evaporation sections positioned at two sides of a tunnel, wherein the lower ends of the evaporation sections at two sides are buried below the ground and are arranged in a ground rock constant temperature layer, the upper ends of the evaporation sections are communicated with a condensation section, the evaporation sections at two sides buried below the ground are provided with heat insulation and heat preservation parts at a section close to the ground, and the setting length of the heat insulation and heat preservation parts is consistent with the freezing depth of the ground rock at a tunnel portal; the condensing section and the evaporating sections at two sides are both composed of inorganic heat pipes, the internal working medium is a phase change material, the phase change material absorbs heat of the bedrock constant temperature layer in the evaporating sections at two sides and then is conveyed to the condensing section along the inorganic heat pipes to release heat, and the phase change material after heat release is returned to the evaporating sections through the inorganic heat pipes. The invention can effectively prevent the tunnel portal from icing, and inhibit the formation of tunnel freezing injury such as ice hanging from the source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road safety supporting facilities, in particular to an automatic deicing device for a tunnel portal of a severe cold railway based on an inorganic heat pipe.
Background
The top of the railway tunnel in the severe cold region is easy to leak and drip, and the water leakage at the tunnel entrance gradually freezes and develops into ice-foggy under the comprehensive actions of the low-temperature environment in winter and the train wind. When the tunnel roof icicle is longer, can invade the building limit and influence train operation safety, the overhead line is frozen simultaneously and also can cause circuit failure, can also endanger train safety when the icicle falls.
At present, the tunnel portal ice hanging is mainly cleared by adopting an artificial method and an electric heating method, wherein the artificial method refers to that a worker walks to an icing position from an upper channel crossing to a lower channel crossing at the train running interval time (usually 4 h), and ice is beaten by adopting an insulating ice drill until an ice column falls to the ground, and then the ice blocks are beaten into a basket and are transported out of the tunnel. The manual ice-making method has extremely high working strength, high operation safety risk in severe cold weather, short skylight maintenance time and the like, the deicing effect and timeliness are difficult to ensure effectively, and ice-making personnel need to operate repeatedly along with the continuous growth of ice columns when the air temperature is reduced; the electric heating method is to install an electric heating belt at the tunnel wall of the tunnel portal, start the electric heating device when the temperature is low in winter, convert electric energy into heat energy, transfer the generated heat to the freezing position of the tunnel in a high-temperature radiation mode, drop ice cubes in a liquid water mode along the tunnel wall, and no ice columns are formed. The deicing device is reliable in operation and quick in temperature rise, but the electric heating method has huge power consumption due to long ice-forming period in winter of railway tunnels in severe cold areas, and is poor in economical efficiency, energy conservation and environmental friendliness; meanwhile, the tunnel in the remote mountain area is inconvenient to supply power, and the energy source of the electric heating method is limited; in addition, when the ice-on is melted into water and then passes through the electric heating device circuit, potential safety hazards are easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic deicing device for a tunnel portal of a severe cold railway based on an inorganic heat pipe.
The invention discloses an automatic deicing device for tunnel portal of severe cold railway based on an inorganic heat pipe, which comprises the following components:
the tunnel hole top deicing device comprises a condensing section positioned at the tunnel hole top, wherein the radian of the condensing section is matched with the radian of a vault of the tunnel hole top;
The ground rock geothermal acquisition device comprises evaporation sections positioned on two side walls of a tunnel, wherein the lower ends of the evaporation sections on two sides are buried below the ground and are arranged in a ground rock constant temperature layer, the upper ends of the evaporation sections on two sides are respectively communicated with the condensation sections, the evaporation sections on two sides buried below the ground are provided with heat insulation and heat preservation parts on one section close to the ground, and the setting length of the heat insulation and heat preservation parts is consistent with the freezing depth of the ground rock of a tunnel portal;
The condensing section and the evaporating sections on both sides are both composed of inorganic heat pipes, the working medium in the inorganic heat pipes is a phase change material, the phase change material absorbs heat of a bedrock constant temperature layer in the evaporating sections on both sides, then carries heat along the inorganic heat pipes to be conveyed to the condensing sections for heat release, and the phase change material after heat release is returned to the evaporating sections below the ground through the pipe walls of the inorganic heat pipes.
As a further improvement of the invention, according to the principle of matching the heat storage of the underground bedrock and the heat load required by deicing the tunnel roof, the combined mode of the condensing section and the evaporating sections at the two sides comprises a mode of multiple evaporating sections and multiple condensing sections, a mode of multiple evaporating sections and a single condensing section or a mode of single evaporating section and multiple condensing sections.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the multi-evaporation section and multi-condensation section mode includes a condensation section composed of a plurality of the first inorganic heat pipes and an evaporation section composed of a plurality of the second inorganic heat pipes;
The first inorganic heat pipes and the second inorganic heat pipes are arranged in parallel and at intervals inwards from the tunnel openings, and the arrangement intervals of the first inorganic heat pipes and the second inorganic heat pipes are consistent;
The lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer respectively, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes are communicated with the corresponding end parts of the first inorganic heat pipes respectively, and the heat insulation and heat preservation parts are arranged at the positions, close to the ground, of the second inorganic heat pipes.
As a further improvement of the invention, the multi-evaporation section and single-condensation section mode comprises a condensation section formed by a single inorganic heat pipe and evaporation sections formed by a plurality of second inorganic heat pipes;
The plurality of second inorganic heat pipes are arranged at intervals in an inward parallel manner through the tunnel portal, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls are respectively communicated with the corresponding end parts of the first inorganic heat pipes after being connected in parallel, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls respectively extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer, and the heat insulation and heat preservation parts are respectively arranged at the positions, close to the ground, of the second inorganic heat pipes.
As a further improvement of the invention, the single evaporation section and multi-condensation section mode comprises a condensation section formed by a plurality of first inorganic heat pipes and an evaporation section formed by a single second inorganic heat pipe;
The plurality of first inorganic heat pipes are arranged at intervals in parallel inwards from the tunnel portal, the two ends of the plurality of first inorganic heat pipes are respectively arranged in parallel, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls are respectively communicated with the parallel ends of the first inorganic heat pipes on the corresponding sides, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer, and the second inorganic heat pipes are provided with heat insulation parts at positions close to the ground;
the pipe diameter of the second inorganic heat pipe is larger than that of the first inorganic heat pipe.
As a further improvement of the invention, the first inorganic heat pipe is bound and fixed on a second lining reinforced net of the tunnel along the tunnel wall, and second lining concrete of the tunnel is poured;
A mounting hole penetrates through the junction of the tunnel side wall and the inverted arch and the bedrock constant temperature layer along the vertical direction, and the aperture of the mounting hole is 5 cm-10 cm; the second inorganic heat pipe is arranged in the mounting hole, and cement mortar is poured in the mounting hole;
When a plurality of second inorganic heat pipes are arranged in parallel at intervals, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes can extend into different depths of the bedrock constant temperature layer so as to obtain bedrock geothermal energy with different depths.
As a further improvement of the invention, the ultimate heat flux of the inorganic heat pipe is larger than the heat load required for deicing the tunnel roof, and the ultimate heat flux of the inorganic heat pipe is as follows:
q′＝f1f2f3Ah1v(ρv)1/2[gσ(ρ1-ρv)]1/4
Wherein: f1, f2, f3 are empirical coefficients; ρ 1 is the liquid phase density of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; ρ v is the vapor phase density of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; a is the axial sectional area of the evaporation section of the inorganic heat pipe; h1v is the phase change latent heat of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; sigma is the surface tension of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe.
As a further improvement of the invention, the pipe wall material of the inorganic heat pipe comprises stainless steel or carbon steel subjected to corrosion prevention treatment;
The pipe diameter of the inorganic heat pipe is 3 cm-7 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the phase change material comprises liquid ammonia;
The liquid ammonia gas absorbs heat of the bedrock constant temperature layer in the evaporation sections at two sides and evaporates into vapor state, the vapor state is condensed into liquid state after carrying heat along the inorganic heat pipe to the condensation section for heat release, and the vapor state flows back to the evaporation section below the ground through the pipe wall of the inorganic heat pipe.
As a further improvement of the invention, the automatic deicing device can be used at the position of an opening where ice hanging is easy to occur in a newly built railway tunnel in a severe cold region or at the position where ice hanging is easy to occur in an operating railway tunnel in winter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention completely depends on the geothermal energy of the bedrock constant temperature layer for deicing the tunnel portal, does not need external electric energy consumption, and has the advantages of environmental protection and low energy consumption;
The invention has good deicing effect, and by arranging the tunnel hole top deicing device and the bedrock geothermal acquisition device and matching with the phase change material in the inorganic heat pipe, the temperature of the tunnel hole opening in winter can be increased by 20 ℃ to the maximum, the tunnel hole opening is prevented from icing, and the formation of ice hanging is inhibited from the source;
According to the invention, manual intervention is not needed, automatic operation can be realized, the phase change material in the inorganic heat pipe is matched, the automatic operation is driven by the temperature difference between the tunnel roof and the underground bedrock in winter, no personnel operation is needed, the automatic operation is particularly suitable for remote mountain areas where personnel are inconvenient to get on and off, the operation safety risk of manpower in severe weather and short skylight maintenance time is reduced, and the deicing effect and the deicing timeliness are effectively ensured;
The invention can realize maintenance-free, and because the tunnel roof deicing device and the bedrock geothermal acquisition device have no mechanical parts, the deicing device is arranged in the bedrock and the secondary lining concrete, and the possibility of ageing and external damage of the pipeline is low;
The safety of the invention is high, and the safety hidden trouble of the icebreaking and transporting staff is completely eliminated; the inorganic heat pipe is matched with the internal phase change material, so that the deicing can be directly carried out by utilizing heat energy, and the safety risk of electric heating pipelines in water leakage is eliminated; meanwhile, the problems of power failure of the overhead line system, dropping of ice cubes, smashing of vehicles, frost heaving and cracking of the concrete lining and the like caused by ice hanging can be effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view cut-away structure of an automatic deicer for a tunnel portal of a severe cold railway based on an inorganic heat pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of different combinations of a condensation section and two side evaporation sections of an automatic deicer for a tunnel portal of a severe cold railway based on an inorganic heat pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline arrangement scheme of a plurality of second inorganic heat pipes with different burial depths for an automatic deicer for a tunnel portal of a severe cold railway based on the inorganic heat pipes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of deicing thermal load on the tunnel roof of an automatic deicing device for a severe cold railway tunnel portal based on an inorganic heat pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a heat transfer process of a first inorganic heat pipe and a second inorganic heat pipe of the automatic deicer for a severe cold railway tunnel portal based on the inorganic heat pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. A condensing section; 1-1, a first inorganic heat pipe; 2. an evaporation section; 2-1, a second inorganic heat pipe; 3-1, a heat insulation part; 3-2, an external heat insulation part; 4-1, a first temperature sensor; 4-2, a second temperature sensor; 5. primary support of a tunnel; 6. a tunnel second lining; 7. a second lining reinforcing steel bar net of the tunnel; 8. a drainage ditch; 9. a bottom water collection well; 10. ground surface; 11. a bedrock freezing depth line; 12. a bedrock constant temperature depth layer; 13. a mounting hole; 14. ice hanging at the top of the tunnel; 15. wind; 16. ice melting sensible heat; 17. latent heat of ice melting; 18. radiation heat exchange is carried out on the tunnel roof; 19. convection heat exchange is carried out on the tunnel roof; 20. heat conduction between the bedrock and the evaporation section; 21. evaporating and heat exchanging in the inorganic heat pipe; 22. condensing and heat exchanging in the inorganic heat pipe; 23. and heat conduction is realized between the condensation section and the tunnel lining.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1, the automatic deicing device for the tunnel portal of the severe cold railway based on the inorganic heat pipe comprises a tunnel roof deicing device and a bedrock geothermal acquisition device, wherein the tunnel roof deicing device comprises a condensation section 1 positioned at the tunnel roof, and the radian of the condensation section 1 is matched with the radian of the vault of the tunnel roof; the ground rock geothermal acquisition device comprises evaporation sections 2 positioned on two side walls of a tunnel, wherein the lower ends of the evaporation sections 2 on two sides are buried below the ground and are arranged in a ground rock constant temperature layer, the upper ends of the evaporation sections 2 on two sides are respectively communicated with a condensation section 1, a part, below the ground, of the evaporation sections 2 on two sides buried in the ground is provided with a heat insulation and heat preservation part 3-1 on one section close to the ground 10, and the setting length of the heat insulation and heat preservation part 3-1 is consistent with the freezing depth of the ground rock of a tunnel portal; the condensing section 1 and the evaporating sections 2 on two sides are both composed of inorganic heat pipes, the working medium inside the inorganic heat pipes is a phase change material, after the phase change material absorbs heat of a bedrock constant temperature layer in the evaporating sections 2 on two sides, the phase change material carries heat along the inorganic heat pipes and is conveyed to the condensing section 1 to release heat, the phase change material after heat release is refluxed into the evaporating sections 2 below the ground 10 through the pipe walls of the inorganic heat pipes, so that the heat of underground bedrock is continuously transferred to the top of a tunnel (as shown in fig. 1, 11 is a bedrock freezing depth line, usually 1-2.5 m below the ground 10, and 12 is a bedrock constant temperature depth layer).
In the embodiment, by arranging the tunnel roof deicing device and the bedrock geothermal acquisition device and matching with the phase change material in the inorganic heat pipe, the temperature of the tunnel portal can be improved by 20 ℃ to the maximum extent, the tunnel portal is prevented from icing, the formation of the tunnel roof ice hanger 14 is restrained from the source, meanwhile, the automatic operation can be realized without manual intervention, the automatic operation is driven by the temperature difference between the tunnel roof and the underground bedrock in winter by matching with the phase change material in the inorganic heat pipe, the automatic operation is not required, the automatic operation is particularly suitable for remote mountain areas where the upper and lower passages of personnel are inconvenient, the operation safety risk of manpower in severe weather is reduced, the time for maintaining a skylight is short and the like, and the deicing effect and the deicing timeliness are effectively ensured; the potential safety hazard of icebreaking and ice transporting workers is completely eliminated; the inorganic heat pipe is matched with the internal phase change material, so that the deicing can be directly carried out by utilizing heat energy, and the safety risk of electric heating pipelines in water leakage is eliminated; meanwhile, the problems of power failure of the overhead line system, dropping of ice cubes, smashing of vehicles, frost heaving and cracking of the concrete lining and the like caused by ice hanging can be effectively solved.
Specific:
as shown in fig. 2, in the above embodiment, preferably, according to the principle of matching the heat storage of the underground bedrock and the heat load required for deicing the tunnel roof, the combination mode of the condensation section and the two-side evaporation section includes a multi-evaporation section and multi-condensation section mode (as part shown in fig. 2 a), a multi-evaporation section and single-condensation section mode (as part shown in fig. 2B), or a single-evaporation section and multi-condensation section mode (as part shown in fig. 2C), which are specifically as follows:
As shown in a part of fig. 2a, the multi-evaporation section 2 and multi-condensation section 1 mode includes a condensation section 1 formed by a plurality of first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 and an evaporation section 2 formed by a plurality of second inorganic heat pipes 2-1; the first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 and the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 are arranged at intervals in parallel inwards through tunnel openings, and the arrangement intervals of the first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 and the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 are consistent; the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 positioned on the two side walls extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer respectively, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 are communicated with the ends of the corresponding first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 respectively, the positions of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 close to the ground 10 are provided with heat insulation and heat preservation parts 3-1, and the parts of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 extending out of the ground 10 can be additionally provided with external heat insulation and heat preservation parts 3-2 so as to reduce heat loss to the greatest extent.
As shown in part B of fig. 2, when the number of leakage points at the top of the tunnel is small and the single evaporation section 2 is connected with the single condensation section 2, and it is difficult to meet the winterization requirement, a mode of multiple evaporation sections 2 and single condensation section 1 can be adopted, which includes a condensation section 1 formed by a single first inorganic heat pipe 1-1 and an evaporation section 2 formed by multiple second inorganic heat pipes 2-1; the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 are arranged at intervals in parallel inwards from the tunnel portal, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 positioned on the two side walls are respectively communicated with the end parts of the corresponding first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 after being connected in parallel, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 positioned on the two side walls respectively extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer, the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 are respectively provided with a heat insulation and preservation part at the position close to the ground 10, and the part of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 extending out of the ground 10 can be additionally provided with an external heat insulation and preservation part 3-2 so as to reduce heat loss to the greatest extent.
As shown in fig. 2C, when the number of leakage points at the top of the tunnel is large, the difficulty of drilling underground bedrock is large, a mode of multiple condensation sections 1 and a single evaporation section 2 can be adopted, wherein the mode comprises a condensation section 1 formed by a plurality of first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 and an evaporation section 2 formed by a single second inorganic heat pipe 2-1; the plurality of first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 are arranged at intervals in parallel inwards from tunnel openings, two ends of the plurality of first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 are respectively arranged in parallel, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 positioned on two side walls are respectively communicated with the parallel ends of the first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 on the corresponding sides, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 positioned on the two side walls extend into a bedrock constant temperature layer, and the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 are provided with heat insulation parts 3-1 at positions close to the ground; and the external heat insulation part 3-2 can be additionally arranged on the part of the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 extending out of the ground 10 so as to reduce heat loss to the greatest extent. In this embodiment, the pipe diameter of the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 is larger than that of the first inorganic heat pipe 1-1.
Furthermore, in the modes of multiple evaporation sections 2 and multiple condensation sections 1 and single evaporation sections 2 and multiple condensation sections 1, the horizontal spacing of the multiple first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 can be designed according to the distribution position of the tunnel roof ice hangers 14, the environmental temperature and the like.
In the above embodiment, preferably, in the condensation section 1, the first inorganic heat pipe 1-1 may be formed by bending a complete one of the first inorganic heat pipes or may be formed by symmetrically arranging two sections of the semi-arc first inorganic heat pipes 1-1 along the central line of the tunnel.
In the above-described embodiment, it is preferable that,
In actual construction, the mounting procedure for the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 is as follows:
1) After the primary support 5 of the tunnel is completed, a mounting hole 13 can be formed by downwards drilling at the junction of the side wall of the tunnel and the inverted arch according to the diameter of the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 of the evaporation section in the vertical direction, and the lower end of the mounting hole 13 is ensured to be placed in the bedrock constant temperature layer, namely the drilling depth of the mounting hole 13 needs to reach the depth of the underground bedrock constant temperature layer, and is usually 10-20 m; the aperture of the mounting hole 13 is 5 cm-10 cm;
2) Placing the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 in the mounting hole 13, and paving a plurality of second temperature sensors 4-2 at different depths along the part of the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 placed below the ground for detecting the temperature of underground bedrock, and arranging a heat insulation part 3-1 at a section of the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 away from the ground 10, wherein the length of the heat insulation part 3-1 is consistent with the freezing depth of the bedrock at the tunnel portal;
3) Cement mortar with good thermal conductivity is backfilled in the mounting holes 13 to complete the laying of the second inorganic heat pipes 2-1.
The mounting procedure for the first inorganic heat pipe 2-1 is as follows:
1) After the second lining reinforcement mesh 7 of the tunnel is paved, binding and fixing the first inorganic heat pipe 2-1 at the top of the tunnel on the second lining reinforcement mesh 7 of the tunnel along the tunnel wall;
2) After binding, pouring the secondary lining concrete of the tunnel to form a secondary lining 6 of the tunnel; in actual construction, the first temperature sensor 4-1 can be installed at different depths from the outer surface in the secondary lining concrete of the tunnel at the tunnel top position for monitoring the tunnel top temperature.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, preferably, when the plurality of second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 are arranged in parallel at intervals and adjacent intervals are smaller, so that the heat taking radii overlap, the lower ends of the adjacent plurality of second inorganic heat pipes 2-1 can extend into different depths of the bedrock constant temperature layer, and the deicing efficiency of the tunnel roof is improved by means of bedrock geothermal heat at different depths.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the pipe wall materials and phase change materials of the first inorganic heat pipe 2-1 and the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 can be adjusted according to specific working conditions, as shown in table 1:
table 1, working temperature of common inorganic heat pipe, typical working substance and compatible shell material table
In the above embodiment, preferably, the pipe wall materials of the first inorganic heat pipe 2-1 and the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 comprise stainless steel or carbon steel subjected to corrosion prevention treatment; the pipe diameters of the first inorganic heat pipe 2-1 and the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 are 3 cm-7 cm; the heat conductivity of the first inorganic heat pipe 2-1 and the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 is more than 100 times of that of a common steel pipe.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the phase change material includes liquid ammonia gas, the temperature of underground bedrock is higher in winter, the liquid ammonia gas in the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 of the evaporation section 2 below the ground evaporates from liquid to vapor state, the heat is carried along the wall of the inorganic heat pipe to the condensation section 1 at the top of the tunnel, the temperature of the tunnel top is lower, the heat release of working medium in the pipe condenses from vapor state to liquid state, and the heat flows back into the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 of the evaporation section 2 below the ground along the wall, so the heat of underground bedrock is continuously transferred to the tunnel top by circulation, and the formation of ice is prevented. And when the icing season is over, the temperature difference between the tunnel lining and the bedrock is reduced, the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe stops changing phase, the temperature of the bedrock is gradually recovered, and the normal operation of the deicer for the inorganic heat pipe in winter in the next year is ensured.
As shown in fig. 1, two drainage ditches 8 are respectively excavated along the trend of the tunnel at two sides of the tunnel portal, and a bottom water collecting well 9 is arranged in a certain depth below the ground, and the two drainage ditches 8 are respectively connected with the bottom water collecting well 9 so as to facilitate timely drainage of accumulated water in the tunnel.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of deicing thermal load of a tunnel roof is shown, wherein a tunnel roof ice hanger 14 represents ice hangers frozen at the top of a tunnel opening, wind 15 represents wind direction along the tunnel wall at the top of the tunnel opening, sensible heat 16 of melting ice represents heat released by the tunnel roof ice hanger 14 during melting, and the heat is caused by latent heat of melting ice, that is, the ice needs to absorb a certain amount of heat when melting, and the heat is released in the form of sensible heat after the ice melts into water; latent heat of melting 17 represents the heat absorbed by tunnel roof ice hanger 14 during melting. The heat is caused by the latent heat of melting of the ice, namely, the ice needs to absorb a certain amount of heat when being melted, so that the internal structure of the ice is changed and is changed from a solid state to a liquid state; the tunnel roof radiant heat exchange 18 represents a radiant indication of the tunnel roof outward radiant heat, and the tunnel roof convective heat exchange 19 represents a directional indication of the tunnel roof convective heat exchange.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a heat transfer process between a first inorganic heat pipe and a second inorganic heat pipe, wherein heat conduction 20 between a bedrock and an evaporation section represents a heat conduction direction of a phase change material in the evaporation section 2 below the ground 10 by a bedrock constant temperature layer, and evaporation heat exchange 21 in the inorganic heat pipe represents a heat transfer direction of the phase change material in the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 to the condensation section 1; the condensation heat exchange 22 in the inorganic heat pipe represents the condensation heat exchange indication of the phase change material in the first inorganic heat pipe 1-1 of the condensation section 1; the heat conduction 23 between the condensation section and the tunnel lining represents a schematic of the heat conduction direction between the tunnel lining inside the first inorganic heat pipe 1-1 located in the condensation section 1.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the automatic deicing device may be used at an entrance position where ice hanging is likely to occur in a newly built railway tunnel in a severe cold region, or at an ice hanging position in winter of an operating railway tunnel.
Example 1:
The automatic deicing device for the tunnel portal of the severe cold railway based on the inorganic heat pipe comprises a ground heat collection device of a bedrock and a deicing device of the tunnel roof, wherein the deicing device of the tunnel roof comprises a condensation section 1 positioned at the top of the tunnel, the ground heat collection device of the bedrock comprises evaporation sections 2 positioned on two side walls of the tunnel, and a second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 positioned on the evaporation sections 1 is embedded in the bedrock of the tunnel through drilling, fixed mounting and mortar backfilling processes; the first inorganic heat pipe 2-1 positioned in the condensation section is fixed on a tunnel secondary lining reinforced net, secondary lining concrete is poured, and the second inorganic heat pipe 2-1 is provided with a heat insulation section 31 within the range of the freezing depth of bedrock.
The ultimate heat flux of the inorganic heat pipe is larger than the heat load required by deicing the tunnel roof, wherein the heat load required by deicing the tunnel roof is as follows:
q＝q1+q2+q3+q4
q1＝ρwV[Cw(T0-0)+Ci(0-Ta)]
q2＝ρwVHif
q3＝hc(Tf-Ta)
Wherein: q 1 is the heat required to raise the ice temperature; q 2 is the latent heat of phase change required for ice to melt into water; q 3 is radiation heat exchange between the tunnel lining and the external environment; q 4 is the convective heat transfer between the tunnel lining and the external environment; ρ w is the density of ice; v is the volume of ice; cw is the specific heat of water; ci is the specific heat of ice; t0 is the temperature of the water; ta is the ambient temperature of the tunnel portal; hif is the latent heat required for ice to melt into water; hc is the convective heat transfer coefficient; tf is the ice layer surface temperature; epsilon is the radiation coefficient of tunnel lining concrete; cb is the blackbody radiation coefficient; tsky is sky radiation temperature.
The ultimate heat flux of the inorganic heat pipe for taking heat is as follows:
q′＝f1f2f3Ah1v(ρv)1/2[gσ(ρ1-ρv)]1/4
Wherein: f1, f2, f3 are empirical coefficients; ρ 1 is the liquid phase density of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; ρ v is the vapor phase density of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; a is the axial sectional area of the evaporation section of the inorganic heat pipe; h1v is the phase change latent heat of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; sigma is the surface tension of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Automatic defroster in severe cold railway tunnel portal based on inorganic heat pipe, its characterized in that includes:
the tunnel hole top deicing device comprises a condensing section positioned at the tunnel hole top, wherein the radian of the condensing section is matched with the radian of a vault of the tunnel hole top;
The ground rock geothermal acquisition device comprises evaporation sections positioned on two side walls of a tunnel, wherein the lower ends of the evaporation sections on two sides are buried below the ground and are arranged in a ground rock constant temperature layer, the upper ends of the evaporation sections on two sides are respectively communicated with the condensation sections, the evaporation sections on two sides buried below the ground are provided with heat insulation and heat preservation parts on one section close to the ground, and the setting length of the heat insulation and heat preservation parts is consistent with the freezing depth of the ground rock of a tunnel portal;
The condensing section and the evaporating sections on both sides are both composed of inorganic heat pipes, the working medium in the inorganic heat pipes is a phase change material, the phase change material absorbs heat of a bedrock constant temperature layer in the evaporating sections on both sides, then carries heat along the inorganic heat pipes to be conveyed to the condensing sections for heat release, and the phase change material after heat release is returned to the evaporating sections below the ground through the pipe walls of the inorganic heat pipes.
2. The automatic deicing device for tunnel openings of severe cold railways according to claim 1, wherein the combined mode of the condensing section and the evaporating sections at both sides comprises a multi-evaporating section and multi-condensing section mode, a multi-evaporating section and single-condensing section mode, and a single-evaporating section and multi-condensing section mode according to the heat load matching principle required for underground bedrock heat storage and tunnel top deicing.
3. The automatic deicing device for tunnel openings of severe cold railways according to claim 2, wherein the multi-evaporation section and multi-condensation section mode comprises a condensation section composed of a plurality of the first inorganic heat pipes and an evaporation section composed of a plurality of the second inorganic heat pipes;
The first inorganic heat pipes and the second inorganic heat pipes are arranged in parallel and at intervals inwards from the tunnel openings, and the arrangement intervals of the first inorganic heat pipes and the second inorganic heat pipes are consistent;
The lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer respectively, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes are communicated with the corresponding end parts of the first inorganic heat pipes respectively, and the heat insulation and heat preservation parts are arranged at the positions, close to the ground, of the second inorganic heat pipes.
4. The automatic deicing device for tunnel openings of severe cold railways according to claim 2, wherein the multi-evaporation-stage and single-condensation-stage mode comprises a condensation stage formed by a single inorganic heat pipe and evaporation stages formed by a plurality of second inorganic heat pipes;
The plurality of second inorganic heat pipes are arranged at intervals in an inward parallel manner through the tunnel portal, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls are respectively communicated with the corresponding end parts of the first inorganic heat pipes after being connected in parallel, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls respectively extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer, and the heat insulation and heat preservation parts are respectively arranged at the positions, close to the ground, of the second inorganic heat pipes.
5. The automatic deicing device for tunnel openings of severe cold railways according to claim 2, wherein the single evaporation section and multiple condensation section mode comprises a condensation section composed of a plurality of the first inorganic heat pipes and an evaporation section composed of a single second inorganic heat pipe;
The plurality of first inorganic heat pipes are arranged at intervals in parallel inwards from the tunnel portal, the two ends of the plurality of first inorganic heat pipes are respectively arranged in parallel, the upper ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls are respectively communicated with the parallel ends of the first inorganic heat pipes on the corresponding sides, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes positioned on the two side walls extend into the bedrock constant temperature layer, and the second inorganic heat pipes are provided with heat insulation parts at positions close to the ground;
the pipe diameter of the second inorganic heat pipe is larger than that of the first inorganic heat pipe.
6. The automatic deicing apparatus for tunnel openings of severe cold railways of claim 3,4 or 5, wherein the first inorganic heat pipe is bound and fixed on a tunnel secondary lining steel mesh along the tunnel wall, and the tunnel secondary lining concrete is poured;
A mounting hole penetrates through the junction of the tunnel side wall and the inverted arch and the bedrock constant temperature layer along the vertical direction, and the aperture of the mounting hole is 5 cm-10 cm; the second inorganic heat pipe is arranged in the mounting hole, and cement mortar is poured in the mounting hole;
When a plurality of second inorganic heat pipes are arranged in parallel at intervals, the lower ends of the second inorganic heat pipes can extend into different depths of the bedrock constant temperature layer so as to obtain bedrock geothermal energy with different depths.
7. The automatic deicing apparatus for tunnel openings of severe cold railways according to claim 1, wherein the ultimate heat flux of the inorganic heat pipe is greater than the heat load required for deicing the tunnel tops, and the ultimate heat flux of the inorganic heat pipe is:
q′＝f1f2f3Ah1v(ρv)1/2[gσ(ρ1-ρv)]1/4
Wherein: f1, f2, f3 are empirical coefficients; ρ 1 is the liquid phase density of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; ρ v is the vapor phase density of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; a is the axial sectional area of the evaporation section of the inorganic heat pipe; h1v is the phase change latent heat of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe; sigma is the surface tension of the working medium in the inorganic heat pipe.
8. The automatic deicing device for severe cold railway tunnel portal according to claim 1, wherein the wall material of the inorganic heat pipe comprises stainless steel or carbon steel subjected to corrosion protection treatment;
The pipe diameter of the inorganic heat pipe is 3 cm-7 cm.
9. The automatic deicing device for tunnel openings of severe cold railways according to claim 1, wherein the phase change material comprises liquid ammonia gas, the liquid ammonia gas is vaporized into a vapor state after absorbing heat of a bedrock constant temperature layer in the evaporation sections at two sides, the liquid ammonia gas is condensed into a liquid state from the vapor state after carrying heat along the inorganic heat pipe to a condensation section for releasing heat, and the liquid ammonia gas flows back into the evaporation section below the ground through the pipe wall of the inorganic heat pipe.
10. The automatic deicing device for tunnel openings of severe cold railways according to claim 1, wherein the automatic deicing device can be used at the position of the tunnel opening where ice hanging is likely to occur in newly built tunnels in severe cold areas or at the position where ice hanging occurs throughout the year in winter in operating tunnels.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410556699.3A CN118346311A (en) | 2024-05-07 | 2024-05-07 | Automatic deicing device for tunnel portal of severe cold railway based on inorganic heat pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410556699.3A CN118346311A (en) | 2024-05-07 | 2024-05-07 | Automatic deicing device for tunnel portal of severe cold railway based on inorganic heat pipe |
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| CN118346311A true CN118346311A (en) | 2024-07-16 |
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| CN202410556699.3A Pending CN118346311A (en) | 2024-05-07 | 2024-05-07 | Automatic deicing device for tunnel portal of severe cold railway based on inorganic heat pipe |
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| CN (1) | CN118346311A (en) |
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