CN118287869A - Welding manufacturing method of thin-wall annular member made of ceramic-metal dissimilar materials - Google Patents
Welding manufacturing method of thin-wall annular member made of ceramic-metal dissimilar materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN118287869A CN118287869A CN202410320875.3A CN202410320875A CN118287869A CN 118287869 A CN118287869 A CN 118287869A CN 202410320875 A CN202410320875 A CN 202410320875A CN 118287869 A CN118287869 A CN 118287869A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding manufacturing method of a thin-wall annular member made of ceramic-metal dissimilar materials, which comprises the following steps: brazing the first end face of the metal middle ring with the ceramic ring; after brazing is finished, the inner wall thickness and the outer wall thickness of the metal middle ring are processed to be flush with the ceramic ring without step difference; carrying out laser girth welding on the second end surface of the machined metal middle ring and the metal rear ring to form an annular member; the annular member is subjected to an annealing heat treatment. The welding manufacturing method of the ceramic-metal dissimilar material thin-wall annular member aims to solve the problem that cracks are generated in the ceramic due to severe residual stress of the ceramic when two dissimilar materials are welded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding manufacturing method of a thin-wall annular member made of ceramic-metal dissimilar materials.
Background
With the increase of the speed of aerospace vehicles, the temperature to which components need to be resistant is also higher and higher, the temperature of certain components is higher than 1200 ℃, and conventional titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys cannot bear the high temperature. The ceramic has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low density, high specific strength and the like, and if the metal is connected with the high temperature resistant and heat insulating ceramic material, the bearing characteristic and damage tolerance characteristic of the metal structure can be comprehensively utilized while the structure is high temperature resistant, so that the ceramic is a great trend of development of the thermal structures.
An annular member of an aircraft has a diameter of up to 200mm, a length of up to 600mm and a wall thickness of 2mm. The front end of the ceramic ring is 30mm or less and needs to resist 1000 ℃ and the rear end of the ceramic ring is 600 ℃ and is made of SiC ceramic, and the front end and the rear end of the ceramic ring are connected by adopting a welding method in order to reduce the weight and ensure the structural integrity, and the ceramic ring is made of TC4 titanium alloy and is 570 mm.
The ceramic and metal welding is generally connected by adopting a brazing method, and can be carried out by adopting a vacuum brazing method aiming at SiC ceramic and TC4 titanium alloy, and the specific process is that TiZrCuNi brazing filler metal is adopted for butt welding at 950 ℃. However, because the thermal expansion coefficients of the SiC ceramic and the TC4 titanium alloy are greatly different, the thermal expansion coefficient of the SiC ceramic is 3.5X10 -6/DEG C from room temperature to 950 ℃ and the thermal expansion coefficient of the TC4 titanium alloy is 10.5X10 -6/DEG C, after the ceramic ring and the metal are respectively heated to 950 ℃, the wall thickness direction of the welding surface has a step difference of 1.302 mm/2=0.651 mm when the two ring wall thicknesses are welded at 950 ℃, so that large-area unwelded parts appear, and the dimensional accuracy is also not qualified. If the clamp rigidity limiting mode is adopted, for example, a SiC ceramic ring with the inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the metal ring is adopted to wrap the metal ring, the diameter of the metal ring is forcedly limited to be always synchronous with the ceramic ring at the other end in the heating process, although the two rings can be accurately welded at high temperature, when the titanium alloy is compressed to a certain extent due to thermal expansion, the titanium alloy can generate compression plastic deformation, and when the titanium alloy is cooled to room temperature again, the diameter of the metal at the position far from the welding seam is reduced by 200mm compared with the original diameter, and the requirement is also not met.
If a metal ring with larger wall thickness is adopted, the wall thickness is machined to 2mm after the metal ring and the ceramic ring are welded, so that the precision of the part can be ensured, but the workload is larger, and meanwhile, more materials can be wasted.
In addition, in the case of welding ceramics and metals in the above-mentioned several ways, since the two materials are joined at high temperature and residual stress is generated at the weld joint due to the difference in theoretical shrinkage after cooling to normal temperature, the manufacturing process must also consider a method of reducing the residual stress.
Accordingly, the inventors provide a method of welding a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a welding manufacturing method of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material thin-wall annular member, which solves the technical problem that ceramic cracks are generated due to severe residual stress of the ceramic when two dissimilar materials are welded.
(2) Technical proposal
The invention provides a welding manufacturing method of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material thin-wall annular member, which comprises the following steps:
brazing the first end face of the metal middle ring with the ceramic ring;
After brazing is finished, processing the inner and outer wall thicknesses of the metal middle ring to be flush with the ceramic ring without step difference;
carrying out laser girth welding on the second end surface of the machined metal middle ring and the metal rear ring to form an annular member;
and carrying out annealing heat treatment on the annular component.
Further, the width of the metal ring is less than or equal to 20mm.
Further, the inner wall of the metal middle ring is provided with a groove along the axial direction of the metal middle ring.
Further, the width of the groove is less than or equal to the wall thickness of the metal middle ring.
Further, the depth of the groove is 1/3-1/2 of the wall thickness of the metal middle ring.
Further, the grooves are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the inner wall of the metal middle ring.
Further, the four grooves are distributed in a circumferential array.
Further, the metal middle ring has the same outer diameter as the metal rear ring.
(3) Advantageous effects
In summary, the metal ring is divided into the metal middle ring and the metal rear ring, and the metal middle ring is used as a transition piece when the ceramic ring and the metal rear ring are welded, and the thickness of the transition piece is larger than that of the ceramic ring and the metal rear ring, so that the precision in all directions can be ensured through post-welding processing, no step difference exists between the ceramic ring and the metal ring, meanwhile, the length of the metal middle ring is obviously reduced compared with that of the original metal ring, the restraint degree is low, and the effect of reducing the welding residual stress can be achieved; in addition, compared with the whole welding of the titanium alloy ring, the method can save cost, save processing time and improve manufacturing efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of welding a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a metal middle ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of welding a conventional ceramic-metal dissimilar material thin-walled annular member.
In the figure:
1-a ceramic ring; a 2-titanium alloy ring; 3-metal middle ring; 301-grooves; 4-metal back ring.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the directions or positional relationships conventionally put in place when the product of the present invention is used, or the directions or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a welding manufacturing method of a thin-wall annular member made of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material, which may include the following steps:
And S100, brazing the first end face of the metal middle ring 3 and the ceramic ring 1.
Specifically, the metal ring is divided into two sections, namely a metal middle ring 3 and a metal rear ring 4. The width of the metal middle ring 3 is smaller than or equal to 20mm, the outer diameter is the same as that of the metal rear ring 4, but the wall thickness is larger than or equal to the original wall thickness and the expansion difference between the metal and the ceramic at the welding temperature calculated theoretically, so that the metal middle ring can be completely welded with one side of the ceramic ring 1 during welding.
And S200, after brazing is finished, machining the inner and outer wall thicknesses of the metal middle ring 3 to be flush with the ceramic ring 1 without step difference.
And S300, performing laser girth welding on the second end surface of the machined metal middle ring 3 and the metal rear ring 4 to form an annular member.
S400, annealing heat treatment is carried out on the annular component.
Specifically, residual stress of the brazing seam and the laser welding seam is reduced, and the dimensional accuracy of the part after heat treatment can be ensured by adopting an orthopedic tool.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the inner wall of the metal middle ring 3 is provided with a groove 301 along its axial direction. Wherein, when the inner wall of the metal middle ring 3 is stressed by the groove 301 processed on the inner wall of the metal middle ring 3, local small deformation can be generated so as to counteract part of residual stress. Still further, the width of the groove 301 is less than or equal to the wall thickness of the metal ring 3. The depth of the groove 301 is 1/3 to 1/2 of the wall thickness of the metal ring 3. The width and depth dimensions of the recess 301 are designed to mainly prevent solder from running down the recess during the soldering process, resulting in a reduced soldering quality. In order to further increase the deformability of the metal middle ring 3, the plurality of grooves 301 are machined to be uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the inner wall of the metal middle ring 3, and specifically, the four grooves 301 can be distributed in a circumferential array manner, so that the residual stress distribution of the inner wall is more uniform.
Example 1
For an annular member with a total length of 600mm, as shown in fig. 4, a ceramic ring 1 with a length of 30mm and a titanium alloy ring 2 with a length of 550mm are directly welded (with an outer diameter of 2 mm), and in this embodiment, the member is manufactured separately by dividing the member into three parts: a 30mm ceramic ring; the outer diameter of the 20mm titanium alloy middle ring and the 550mm titanium alloy rear ring are 200mm, and the wall thickness is 2mm, 3mm and 2mm respectively.
First, 4 through grooves are machined in the middle ring, one groove is machined every 90 degrees, the width is 2mm, and the depth is 1mm.
The ceramic ring and the titanium alloy ring are brazed, the brazing filler metal is TiZrCuNi brazing filler metal, and butt welding is carried out at 950 ℃, as calculated before, since the outer diameter of the middle ring is 0.651mm larger than the outer diameter of the ceramic ring at the welding temperature and the inner diameter of the middle ring is 0.349mm smaller than the ceramic ring, the two rings can be bonded by 100%. After the welding is cooled to room temperature, the outer diameter of one side of the ceramic ring is still 200mm, and the middle ring welding seam is almost not contracted because the middle ring welding seam is welded with the ceramic ring, so the outer diameter is slightly smaller than 200.651mm at the welding seam, and the outer diameter is reduced but still larger than 200mm along with the increase of the distance from the welding seam.
After the welding is finished, the middle ring wall thickness is processed to 2mm in a numerical control mode.
And the middle ring and the rear ring of the titanium alloy are welded by adopting a laser welding method, so that the girth welding is realized. Because the laser welding seam and the heat affected zone are narrower, the prior welding seam is not adversely affected.
And finally, carrying out annealing heat treatment on the whole welded annular member, reducing residual stress of the brazing seam and the laser welding seam, and adopting an orthopedic tool to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the heat-treated part.
It should be understood that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in an incremental manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments are all referred to each other, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments. The invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known method techniques is omitted here for the sake of brevity.
The above is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations of this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The welding manufacturing method of the thin-wall annular member made of the ceramic-metal dissimilar materials is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
brazing the first end face of the metal middle ring with the ceramic ring;
After brazing is finished, processing the inner and outer wall thicknesses of the metal middle ring to be flush with the ceramic ring without step difference;
carrying out laser girth welding on the second end surface of the machined metal middle ring and the metal rear ring to form an annular member;
and carrying out annealing heat treatment on the annular component.
2. The method of manufacturing a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material according to claim 1, wherein the width of the metal ring is 20mm or less.
3. The welding method of a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the metal middle ring is notched in the axial direction thereof.
4. The method of manufacturing a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material according to claim 1, wherein the width of the groove is less than or equal to the wall thickness of the metal middle ring.
5. The method for manufacturing a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the groove is 1/3 to 1/2 of the wall thickness of the metal middle ring.
6. A method of manufacturing a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of said grooves are uniformly distributed axially along the inner wall of said metal middle ring.
7. The method of manufacturing a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material according to claim 6, wherein four of said grooves are circumferentially arrayed.
8. The method for manufacturing a thin-walled annular member of a ceramic-metal dissimilar material according to claim 1, wherein the metal middle ring has the same outer diameter as the metal rear ring.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410320875.3A CN118287869A (en) | 2024-03-20 | 2024-03-20 | Welding manufacturing method of thin-wall annular member made of ceramic-metal dissimilar materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410320875.3A CN118287869A (en) | 2024-03-20 | 2024-03-20 | Welding manufacturing method of thin-wall annular member made of ceramic-metal dissimilar materials |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118287869A true CN118287869A (en) | 2024-07-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202410320875.3A Pending CN118287869A (en) | 2024-03-20 | 2024-03-20 | Welding manufacturing method of thin-wall annular member made of ceramic-metal dissimilar materials |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN118287869A (en) |
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- 2024-03-20 CN CN202410320875.3A patent/CN118287869A/en active Pending
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