CN118278202A - Power transmission line pole tower head gap optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirement - Google Patents
Power transmission line pole tower head gap optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transmission line pole tower head gap optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirements, which comprises the following steps: acquiring related data of a transmission line tower to be optimized; constructing an air gap flashover model based on a pilot development method; establishing a complete electromagnetic transient simulation calculation model of the power transmission line; calculating the counterattack tripping rate and the shielding failure tripping rate of the power transmission line; obtaining the overall lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line; judging whether the overall lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line is larger than a set lightning trip-out rate limit value, if not, reducing the length X of the tower head air gap by delta X, and returning to the step (1), otherwise, outputting the optimized tower head air gap. According to the invention, a pilot method is used for judging the breakdown of the air gap of the tower head, and the lightning trip-out rates corresponding to different gap distances are calculated, so that the gap distance of the tower head of the power transmission line corresponding to the premise of not exceeding the lightning trip-out rate is gradually approximated, the lightning overvoltage gap value of a specific tower is guided, and the design of the tower can be optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high voltage and insulation, in particular to a power transmission line pole tower head gap optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirements.
Background
Lightning strike on the transmission line is still one of the main reasons for the tripping accident of the transmission line in China. In the power system, the lightning damage faults generally account for about 50 percent. The higher the voltage level of the power transmission line is, the larger the transmission capacity is, the higher the importance and reliability requirements of the line are, however, the height of a tower is increased, the size of a line corridor is also increased, the lightning-striking capability is greatly increased, and the probability of lightning striking is obviously increased, so that the requirements on technical measures of lightning protection are stricter. The lightning trip of the power transmission line not only can influence the power supply reliability and the safe and stable operation of a power grid, but also can influence the normal production and living power utilization of people, and can cause huge loss of national economy when serious.
In the engineering design of the current transmission line, the lightning trip-out rate of the line is calculated by mainly taking the volt-second characteristic curve of the insulator under the standard lightning waveform as a basis and using an intersection method as a flashover criterion, but the influence of lightning overvoltage flashover of the air gap of the tower head is considered to be less. In practice, lightning strike tripping not only flashovers along the insulator, but also air flashovers account for a significant proportion. Air flashovers will also tend to affect the overall line lightning trip rate, taking enough attention. And secondly, the accurate value of the lightning gap of the 500kV and above or high-rise tower is beneficial to optimizing the size of the tower and reducing the construction cost. The principle of the intersection method is that the overvoltage at two ends of the gap is compared with the corresponding volt-second characteristic curve, and the disadvantage is that a proper volt-second characteristic curve needs to be obtained, and the requirement is relatively difficult.
The invention discloses a tower head gap simulation system and a model parameter determination method for an overhead transmission line, which are disclosed by the invention, wherein the tower head gap simulation system and the model parameter determination method simulate tower head gap discharge through rod electrode discharge, and the tower head air gap is replaced by the rod electrode gap, so that the tower head gap breakdown voltage is experimentally measured, and the measurement of the tower head gap breakdown voltage is realized. However, only the breakdown voltage value of the tower head gap can be obtained in the tower head gap measurement of the tower, but the distance parameter of the breakdown of the tower head gap of the tower in the breakdown state cannot be obtained. The determination of the tower head clearance parameters is also lacking in consideration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transmission line tower head gap optimization method which is used for guiding the lightning overvoltage gap value of a specific tower, optimizing the design of the tower and has important significance on the actual lightning-resistant level evaluation of the whole line and the tower index and considers the lightning trip-out rate limit value requirement, and aims to solve the problems that the selection of the tower head gap distance under the condition of lightning overvoltage is only selected according to 0.8 times of the lightning flashover voltage of an insulator string, no clear guidance opinion exists and no theoretical support is lacked.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a transmission line pole tower head gap optimization method considering lightning trip rate limit value requirements comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) Selecting a section of power transmission line as a research object, and acquiring related data of a power transmission line tower to be optimized;
(2) Constructing an air gap flashover model based on a pilot development method;
(3) Establishing a complete electromagnetic transient simulation calculation model of the power transmission line according to the air gap flashover model and the related data obtained in the step (1);
(4) Calculating the lightning counterattack resistant level I c and the lightning shielding failure resistant level I min of the power transmission line according to the electromagnetic transient simulation calculation model of the power transmission line;
(5) Calculating the impact tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line by using the impact lightning-resistant level I c of the power transmission line; calculating the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line according to the shielding failure lightning-resistant level I min of the power transmission line;
(6) Adding the transmission line counterattack tripping rate N 1 and the transmission line shielding failure tripping rate N 2 to obtain the overall lightning stroke tripping rate of the transmission line;
(7) Judging whether the overall lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line is larger than a set lightning trip-out rate limit value, if not, reducing the length X of the tower head air gap by delta X, and returning to the step (1), otherwise, outputting the optimized tower head air gap.
In step (1), the related data includes an average ground height of the transmission line lightning conductor, an average ground height of A, B, C three-phase conductors, a A, B, C three-phase lightning conductor protection angle, and a thunderstorm day number of the region where the transmission line is located.
In step (2), the pilot development method means: starting from the physical process of gas discharge, considering the development speed of the pilot to be related to the instantaneous voltage applied to the two ends of the insulator string and the development length of the pilot, and judging whether to flashover or not by calculating the development length of the pilot;
integrating the pilot development speed with time t to obtain a pilot development length S:
Wherein: k is a coefficient to be corrected, v 1 is a pilot development speed, u (t) is the voltage at two ends of the tower head air gap, d g is the length of the tower head air gap, and d 1 is the developed pilot length; e 0 is the lowest field intensity of the sustainable development of the lead, and the value of the lowest field intensity is 23KV/cm; e z is the electric field strength of the pilot channel;
Assuming that at time t 0 the lead starts to develop from length 0, development rate 0, at time t 0 +Δt, the lead development rate is:
The formula (1) and the formula (2) jointly form an air gap flashover model based on a pilot development method;
The pilot development speed is integrated from the time t 0 to the time t 0 plus delta t to obtain the pilot development length in the time period, the pilot development speed is assumed to be unchanged in the time period when delta t is small enough, the pilot development length in each delta t is accumulated, and breakdown is considered when the pilot development length is greater than or equal to the air gap or the insulation gap of the tower head.
The step (5) specifically refers to: calculating the impact tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line by using the impact lightning-resistant level I c of the power transmission line, the number of times N of lightning falling in a corridor of the power transmission line, the arc-establishing rate eta and the striking rod rate g:
N1＝N×g×η×PIC (3)
Wherein P IC is the probability of occurrence of a lightning stroke above the counterattack lightning resistance level I c;
Calculating the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line according to the shielding failure lightning-resistant level I min of the power transmission line:
Wherein N g is ground flash density, I max is maximum shielding failure current, f (I) is probability density of lightning current amplitude, D (I) is projection distance of exposed arc of the wire on the ground, and I is lightning current.
The step (7) specifically refers to: if the overall lightning trip rate of the power transmission line corresponding to the tower head air gap length X is smaller than the set lightning trip rate limit value, reducing the tower head air gap length by taking deltax as a unit length each time until the overall lightning trip rate of the power transmission line corresponding to the ith time is larger than the lightning trip rate limit value, and outputting the optimized tower head air gap as follows: x- (i-1) Deltax.
According to the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: firstly, the lightning trip-out rate limit value specified by the national network is used as a standard line, a pilot method is used as a tower head air gap breakdown discrimination method, and lightning trip-out rates corresponding to different tower head air gap distances are calculated, so that the distance of the corresponding power transmission line tower head air gap under the precondition that the lightning trip-out rate is not exceeded is gradually approximated, the lightning overvoltage gap value of a specific tower is guided, and the tower design can be optimized; secondly, as the voltage level is higher, the height of the transmission line tower is higher, the engineering cost is higher, and the material use can be saved from the economic aspect by reducing the air gap distance of the tower head on the premise that the lightning protection performance meets the requirement, so that the project budget is reduced; thirdly, the reasonable tower head air gap distance has important significance for evaluating the actual lightning-proof level of the whole line and the tower index; fourth, the lightning trip-out rate can become a tool for evaluating the lightning-proof level of the transmission line and optimizing the height of the tower, and a new road is opened up for the optimization of the tower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a comparison of overall trip rate versus trip rate limit for different gap distances.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a method for optimizing the tower head clearance of a transmission line tower in consideration of lightning trip-out rate limit requirements comprises the following sequential steps:
(1) Selecting a section of power transmission line as a research object, and acquiring related data of a power transmission line tower to be optimized;
(2) Using MODELS modules in electromagnetic transient simulation software to construct an air gap flashover model based on a pilot development method;
(3) Establishing a complete electromagnetic transient simulation calculation model of the power transmission line according to the air gap flashover model and the related data obtained in the step (1);
(4) Calculating the lightning counterattack resistant level I c and the lightning shielding failure resistant level I min of the power transmission line according to the electromagnetic transient simulation calculation model of the power transmission line;
(5) Calculating the impact tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line by using the impact lightning-resistant level I c of the power transmission line; calculating the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line according to the shielding failure lightning-resistant level I min of the power transmission line;
(6) Adding the transmission line counterattack tripping rate N 1 and the transmission line shielding failure tripping rate N 2 to obtain the overall lightning stroke tripping rate of the transmission line;
(7) Judging whether the overall lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line is larger than a set lightning trip-out rate limit value, if not, reducing the length X of the tower head air gap by delta X, and returning to the step (1), otherwise, outputting the optimized tower head air gap.
In step (1), the related data includes an average ground height of the transmission line lightning conductor, an average ground height of A, B, C three-phase conductors, a A, B, C three-phase lightning conductor protection angle, and a thunderstorm day number of the region where the transmission line is located.
In step (2), the pilot development method means: starting from the physical process of gas discharge, considering the development speed of the pilot to be related to the instantaneous voltage applied to the two ends of the insulator string and the development length of the pilot, and judging whether to flashover or not by calculating the development length of the pilot;
integrating the pilot development speed with time t to obtain a pilot development length S:
Wherein: k is a coefficient to be corrected, v 1 is a pilot development speed, u (t) is the voltage at two ends of the tower head air gap, d g is the length of the tower head air gap, and d 1 is the developed pilot length; e 0 is the lowest field intensity of the sustainable development of the lead, and the value of the lowest field intensity is 23KV/cm; e z is the electric field strength of the pilot channel;
Assuming that at time t 0 the lead starts to develop from length 0, development rate 0, at time t 0 +Δt, the lead development rate is:
The formula (1) and the formula (2) jointly form an air gap flashover model based on a pilot development method;
The pilot development speed is integrated from the time t 0 to the time t 0 plus delta t to obtain the pilot development length in the time period, the pilot development speed is assumed to be unchanged in the time period when delta t is small enough, the pilot development length in each delta t is accumulated, and breakdown is considered when the pilot development length is greater than or equal to the air gap or the insulation gap of the tower head.
The step (5) specifically refers to: calculating the impact tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line by using the impact lightning-resistant level I c of the power transmission line, the number of times N of lightning falling in a corridor of the power transmission line, the arc-establishing rate eta and the striking rod rate g:
N1＝N×g×η×PIC (3)
Wherein P IC is the probability of occurrence of a lightning stroke above the counterattack lightning resistance level I c;
Calculating the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line according to the shielding failure lightning-resistant level I min of the power transmission line:
Wherein N g is ground flash density, I max is maximum shielding failure current, f (I) is probability density of lightning current amplitude, D (I) is projection distance of exposed arc of the wire on the ground, and I is lightning current.
The step (7) specifically refers to: if the overall lightning trip rate of the power transmission line corresponding to the tower head air gap length X is smaller than the set lightning trip rate limit value, reducing the tower head air gap length by taking deltax as a unit length each time until the overall lightning trip rate of the power transmission line corresponding to the ith time is larger than the lightning trip rate limit value, and outputting the optimized tower head air gap as follows: x- (i-1) Deltax.
Example 1
And determining the transmission line tower as a study subject object, and acquiring related data of the tower. In the embodiment, a 1000KV double-tower double-circuit transmission line with double lightning wires is selected, the total height of a tower is 110m, and part of main parameters are shown in table 1.
Meter 11000KV same-tower double-circuit line tower part parameter
The initial tower head air gap length was set at 8.795 meters.
Calculating to obtain that the counterattack lightning-resistant level I c corresponding to the 8.795m tower head air gap is 274KA, the A phase surrounding lightning-resistant level is 37KA, the B phase surrounding lightning-resistant level is 17.6KA, and the C phase surrounding lightning-resistant level is 28.7KA; calculating the counterattack tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line to be 0.015379 times/(100 KM.a), the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line to be 0.03515 times/(100 KM.a), and adding the counterattack tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line to the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line to obtain the overall lightning stroke tripping rate of the power transmission line corresponding to the tower head air gap length 8.795m to be 0.05053 times/(100 KM.a).
And comparing the calculated overall lightning trip-out rate 0.05053 times/(100 KM.a) of the power transmission line with a set lightning trip-out rate limit value. The data shows that the tripping rate is smaller than the standard of lightning protection guidance of overhead transmission line (Q/GDW 11452-2015), and the limit value of the lightning tripping rate of 1000KV tower is 0.1 time/(100 KM.a), so that the air gap distance of the tower head can be continuously reduced.
The air gap distance of the tower head is reduced by taking 1m as a node, when the air gap of the tower head is reduced to 5.395m, the overall lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line is 0.10176 times/(100 KM.a), and when the air gap of the tower head is reduced to 5.795m, the overall lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line is 0.08584 times/(100 KM.a), so that the air gap distance of the tower head meeting the lightning trip-out rate limiting requirement can be obtained, the air gap distance of the tower head is 5.395-5.795, the air gap distance of the tower head is finely divided, the trip-out rate of each section of finely divided air gap is obtained, and the trip-out rate is compared with the trip-out rate limiting value to select the proper gap distance.
TABLE 2 lightning trip-out rates corresponding to different gaps
The output eventually meets the trip rate limit for the tower head air gap length x= 5.495m.
As shown in fig. 2, the abscissa of the graph is the tower head air gap distance, the ordinate is the lightning trip rate, the yellow line represents the process of increasing the total lightning trip rate in the process of decreasing the tower head air gap, the gray line represents the lightning trip rate limit value regulated by the 1000KV transmission line, and it is seen from fig. 2 that the lightning trip rate does not exceed the trip rate limit value when the tower head air gap is 5.495m, and the lightning trip rate exceeds the trip rate limit value when the tower head air gap is 5.395m, so the tower head air gap distance satisfying the lightning trip rate limit value is 5.495m.
In summary, the lightning trip rate limit value specified by the national network is taken as a standard line, the pilot method is utilized as a tower head air gap breakdown discrimination method, and lightning trip rates corresponding to different gap distances are calculated by combining with ATP-EMPT simulation software, so that the distance of the tower head gap of the power transmission line corresponding to the premise of not exceeding the lightning trip rate is gradually approximated, the lightning overvoltage gap value of a specific tower is guided, and the design of the tower can be optimized; the higher the voltage level is, the higher the height of the transmission line tower is, the higher the engineering cost is, and the material use can be saved from the economic aspect by reducing the gap distance of the tower head on the premise that the lightning protection performance meets the requirement, so that the project budget is reduced; the reasonable gap distance has important significance for evaluating the actual lightning-proof level of the whole line and the tower index. The lightning trip-out rate can be used as a tool for evaluating the lightning-proof level of the power transmission line and optimizing the height of the pole tower, and a new road is opened up for optimizing the pole tower.
Claims (5)
1. A transmission line pole tower head gap optimization method considering lightning trip rate limit value requirements is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) Selecting a section of power transmission line as a research object, and acquiring related data of a power transmission line tower to be optimized;
(2) Constructing an air gap flashover model based on a pilot development method;
(3) Establishing a complete electromagnetic transient simulation calculation model of the power transmission line according to the air gap flashover model and the related data obtained in the step (1);
(4) Calculating the lightning counterattack resistant level I c and the lightning shielding failure resistant level I min of the power transmission line according to the electromagnetic transient simulation calculation model of the power transmission line;
(5) Calculating the impact tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line by using the impact lightning-resistant level I c of the power transmission line; calculating the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line according to the shielding failure lightning-resistant level I min of the power transmission line;
(6) Adding the transmission line counterattack tripping rate N 1 and the transmission line shielding failure tripping rate N 2 to obtain the overall lightning stroke tripping rate of the transmission line;
(7) Judging whether the overall lightning trip-out rate of the power transmission line is larger than a set lightning trip-out rate limit value, if not, reducing the length X of the tower head air gap by delta X, and returning to the step (1), otherwise, outputting the optimized tower head air gap.
2. The transmission line tower head clearance optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirements according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step (1), the related data includes an average ground height of the transmission line lightning conductor, an average ground height of A, B, C three-phase conductors, a A, B, C three-phase lightning conductor protection angle, and a thunderstorm day number of the region where the transmission line is located.
3. The transmission line tower head clearance optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirements according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step (2), the pilot development method means: starting from the physical process of gas discharge, considering the development speed of the pilot to be related to the instantaneous voltage applied to the two ends of the insulator string and the development length of the pilot, and judging whether to flashover or not by calculating the development length of the pilot;
integrating the pilot development speed with time t to obtain a pilot development length S:
Wherein: k is a coefficient to be corrected, v 1 is a pilot development speed, u (t) is the voltage at two ends of the tower head air gap, d g is the length of the tower head air gap, and d 1 is the developed pilot length; e 0 is the lowest field intensity of the sustainable development of the lead, and the value of the lowest field intensity is 23KV/cm; e z is the electric field strength of the pilot channel;
Assuming that at time t 0 the lead starts to develop from length 0, development rate 0, at time t 0 +Δt, the lead development rate is:
The formula (1) and the formula (2) jointly form an air gap flashover model based on a pilot development method;
The pilot development speed is integrated from the time t 0 to the time t 0 plus delta t to obtain the pilot development length in the time period, the pilot development speed is assumed to be unchanged in the time period when delta t is small enough, the pilot development length in each delta t is accumulated, and breakdown is considered when the pilot development length is greater than or equal to the air gap or the insulation gap of the tower head.
4. The transmission line tower head clearance optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirements according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (5) specifically refers to: calculating the impact tripping rate N 1 of the power transmission line by using the impact lightning-resistant level I c of the power transmission line, the number of times N of lightning falling in a corridor of the power transmission line, the arc-establishing rate eta and the striking rod rate g:
N1＝N×g×η×PIC (3)
Wherein P IC is the probability of occurrence of a lightning stroke above the counterattack lightning resistance level I c;
Calculating the shielding failure tripping rate N 2 of the power transmission line according to the shielding failure lightning-resistant level I min of the power transmission line:
Wherein N g is ground flash density, I max is maximum shielding failure current, f (I) is probability density of lightning current amplitude, D (I) is projection distance of exposed arc of the wire on the ground, and I is lightning current.
5. The transmission line tower head clearance optimization method considering lightning trip-out rate limit value requirements according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step (7) specifically refers to: if the overall lightning trip rate of the power transmission line corresponding to the tower head air gap length X is smaller than the set lightning trip rate limit value, reducing the tower head air gap length by taking deltax as a unit length each time until the overall lightning trip rate of the power transmission line corresponding to the ith time is larger than the lightning trip rate limit value, and outputting the optimized tower head air gap as follows: x- (i-1) Deltax.
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