CN118261321A - Building construction process carbon emission calculation method based on 4D-BIM visualization - Google Patents
Building construction process carbon emission calculation method based on 4D-BIM visualization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a carbon emission assessment method and system based on a 4D-BIM technology, and belongs to the technical field of carbon emission assessment. Firstly, building basic information is determined, carbon emission stages in the building construction process are divided, carbon emission calculation methods of all stages are defined, and a digital model is built; building a three-dimensional building model by using BIM software, decomposing engineering projects, making a construction progress plan, and calculating the carbon emission of each stage according to simulation results; and (3) integrating a 4D-BIM technology to perform visual simulation on the building, and finally, accurately calculating and evaluating the carbon emission. According to the method, according to the specific evaluation requirement of the whole life cycle of the building, the visual simulation of the model is realized in the time dimension by combining the traditional three-dimensional model, the computing model is closer to the construction site, the computing result is more accurate and visual, and the like, and the carbon emission source can be accurately identified and quantized, so that the existing building construction scheme is more comprehensively checked and optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction, and particularly relates to a 4D-BIM visualization-based building construction process carbon emission calculation method.
Background
Along with the rapid growth of economy, the characteristics of industries such as high energy consumption, high pollution and the like brought by the building industry are increasingly prominent, huge pressure is brought to the environment, and the environmental carbon emission problem becomes an urgent field to be solved. The related data show that the carbon emission of the whole process of 2022 building accounts for about 51% of the national carbon emission ratio, the construction area of the construction industry of China is increased from 35 hundred million m 2 to 149 hundred million m 2 in the last five years, and the carbon emission is increased from 0.5 hundred million tons to 1.02 hundred million tons. However, with the continuous deep green construction, the energy structure is continuously optimized in the construction process, and the carbon emission of unit construction area and the carbon emission of unit building industry added value construction are obviously reduced. Energy conservation and emission reduction become a necessary trend under the aim of double carbon.
In the prior related art, building engineering quantity is calculated through a BIM model, and then carbon emission quantity of engineering projects is calculated by combining a carbon emission factor database. However, the conventional method has limitations that (1) data related to the BIM model is not comprehensive, and partial stages in some construction processes cannot be calculated accurately, (2) an engineering list is only led out by means of a digital model, and then the engineering list still needs to be calculated manually, so that the result is abstract and single, and visual display of a calculation result is lacked. The prior art is too vague in calculating the carbon emissions during the building construction process, resulting in inaccurate results.
Based on the above problems, how to design a method to accurately calculate the carbon emission in the construction process of the building industry and to visually manage the carbon emission is urgent to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for calculating and visually managing carbon emission in the construction process of the building industry, which is characterized in that the whole life cycle of a building is divided into the construction process according to the evaluation requirement to calculate the carbon emission, and a 4D-BIM visual management technology is introduced into the building industry to treat and solve the carbon emission problem of the building industry in a more scientific, visual and accurate way, so that the aim of effectively promoting the building industry to realize sustainable development and environmental protection is fulfilled.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: determining basic building information;
s2: dividing the carbon emission stage of the building construction process;
s3: defining a carbon emission calculation method at each stage in the building construction process, and establishing a digital model;
S4: building a three-dimensional model of a building by using BIM software;
S5: decomposing engineering projects (WBS), and making a construction progress plan;
s6: the 4D-BIM technology is integrated to perform building visual simulation, and the model is imported into simulation software to perform simulation of processes such as building material production and transportation, building construction activities, energy consumption and the like;
S7: calculating carbon emission according to the material consumption in the simulated building material production process, the energy consumption in the building material transportation process and the site construction activity process, and calculating the carbon emission of each stage;
S8: carbon emission evaluation, namely, evaluating carbon emission conditions in the building construction process according to carbon emission calculation results and standard comparison of all areas;
Further, in step S1, basic information of building name, purpose, structure, area, material, life of building, etc. needs to be determined, which not only contributes to a clear calculation range, but also customizes the calculation method to accommodate different types and structures of building. Basic information of the building provides basis for analysis of material and energy use, ensuring that carbon emissions at various stages of the construction process are taken into account.
Further, in the step S2, the building construction process is divided into a building material production stage, a building material transportation stage and a site construction stage according to the carbon emission definition.
Further, in the step S3,
In the building material production stage:
the carbon emission amount in the production stage is calculated by a calculation formula (1):
Wherein, C P is the carbon emission amount in the building material production stage, i is the building material type, n is the total number of building materials, T i is the carbon emission coefficient of the ith building material, M i is the mass of the ith building material, V i is the volume of the ith building material, M i or V i is mainly related to the performance and the application of the building material, the conditions related to the mass of the building material are concrete, steel and the like, and the conditions related to the volume of the building material are wood, bricks and the like;
in the building material transportation stage:
the carbon emission amount in the transportation stage is calculated by a calculation formula (2):
Wherein C T is the carbon emission amount in the building material transportation stage, Y i is the carbon emission coefficient of the unit mass transportation distance in the ith building material transportation mode, and D i is the transportation distance of the ith building material;
the total carbon emission of the building material in the production and transportation stage is as follows: c PT＝CP+CT
And (3) in the construction stage of the construction site:
the carbon emission of the mechanical equipment is calculated by a calculation formula (3):
Wherein Cs is the carbon emission of mechanical equipment in the construction stage, CEFg is the carbon emission coefficient of gasoline consumption of the mechanical equipment, wi is the carbon emission coefficient of gasoline consumption of the mechanical equipment, CVg is the heat value of gasoline, CEFd is the carbon emission coefficient of diesel consumption of the mechanical equipment, wj is the diesel consumption of the mechanical equipment, CVd is the heat value of diesel, CEFp is the carbon emission coefficient of electric power consumption of the mechanical equipment, wk is the electric power consumption of the mechanical equipment, i, j and k are the types of the mechanical equipment which consume gasoline, diesel and electric power respectively, and g, d and p are the total number of the mechanical equipment which consume gasoline, diesel and electric power respectively;
The carbon emission of the lighting equipment is calculated by a calculation formula (4):
CL＝CEFp×Hp
wherein CEF P is the carbon emission coefficient of power consumption, H P is the power consumption of the lighting equipment, and p is the total number of lighting equipment consuming power;
the total carbon emission of the construction site construction stage is as follows: c G＝CS+CL
In summary, the total carbon emissions during the building construction process are: c=c PT+CG
In step S4, the building basic information collected in step S1 is combined, and the dimensional information of the building structure is imported through a professional modeling platform revit, a guangda and the like, and each component is simulated and constructed in the platform by using a modeling technology, so as to generate a virtual three-dimensional model.
Further, in step S5, the project is thinned into basic working units which can meet the requirements according to the WBS theory, so that the control range, task, target and control requirement of the project are precisely decomposed. On the basis, a more detailed progress plan is made by means of the network plan, and an information module in the time dimension is obtained.
Further, in the step S6, by importing the component primitive information and the construction time schedule into the three-dimensional model based on the construction schedule, the organic association between the three-dimensional model and the time schedule is realized, and a BIM model (4D-BIM) having four-dimensional characteristics is formed. Further operations include importing the integrated model into simulation software for simulation of building material production, transportation, and construction. This process will help to fully understand the evolution of the project in the time dimension while taking into account the various stages within the building construction process, providing more comprehensive information for subsequent building carbon displacement calculations and management decisions.
Further, in the step S7, the energy consumption includes the energy consumption of gasoline, diesel oil and electric power, and the material consumption in the building material production process, the building material transportation process and the energy consumption in the construction process generated in the simulation software are substituted into the digital model established in the step S3, so as to calculate the carbon emission of each building stage. It should be noted that the carbon emission calculation standard is "building carbon emission calculation standard" GB/T51366-2019.
Further, in the step S8, the total carbon emission in the building construction process is obtained according to the carbon emission in each stage calculated in the step S7, and the total carbon emission expected to be caused by the current construction scheme of the building is checked according to the local carbon emission standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a 4D-BIM visualization-based building construction process carbon emission calculation method. According to the method, the whole life cycle of the building is divided into different stages according to evaluation requirements, and the time dimension of construction progress is introduced into a traditional three-dimensional BIM model. In each stage, the 4D-BIM model based on the carbon emission characteristics is established to perform visual simulation, so that the time sequence change of the building can be comprehensively considered, and the carbon emission calculation is closer to the actual construction progress and the use condition.
The 4D-BIM model provides comprehensive and accurate data that facilitates accurate identification and quantification of carbon emission sources. By purposefully calculating the carbon emissions at each stage in the build process, the present method achieves a more comprehensive, accurate assessment of carbon emissions. The innovative method is expected to motivate the construction industry to adopt more sustainable design, construction and use modes, thereby pushing the whole industry to move towards more sustainable development directions.
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The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings for the convenience of understanding by those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a method for calculating carbon emissions during construction of a building in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 is a classification diagram of three-stage carbon emissions during the construction of a building according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for calculating carbon emission in a building construction process based on 4D-BIM visualization includes the steps of:
s1: determining basic building information;
Including parameters of the total area of the building, the material structure, the floor height, the number of rooms, etc., determine the specific use and function of the building, including but not limited to business, residential, industrial, etc.
S2: dividing the carbon emission stage of the building construction process;
As shown in fig. 2, when the carbon emissions of the building construction process are calculated according to the definition of the carbon emissions of the building construction process, the carbon emissions are divided into a building material production stage, a building material transportation stage, and a site construction stage, and the carbon emission source of each stage is identified and analyzed. The carbon emission in the building material production stage is derived from the production process of various building materials, such as concrete production, steel smelting, brick firing and the like. The building material transportation stage is a process of transporting the produced building materials from a production site to a construction site, and the transportation distance of different materials can influence the carbon emission in the transportation process. Carbon emissions sources at the site construction stage include energy consumption at the construction site, including electricity, fuel, and the like.
S3: defining a carbon emission calculation method at each stage in the building construction process, and establishing a digital model;
According to the carbon emission source of each stage, a corresponding calculation method is formulated, wherein the calculation method comprises the carbon emission coefficient of material production, the relation between the transportation distance and the carbon emission, the relation between the energy consumption and the carbon emission and the like. And establishing a calculation model of the carbon emission in the building construction process, and taking the carbon emission factors of all stages into a calculation range.
In the building material production stage:
the carbon emission amount in the production stage is calculated by a calculation formula (1):
Wherein, C P is the carbon emission amount in the building material production stage, i is the building material type, n is the total number of building materials, T i is the carbon emission coefficient of the ith building material, M i is the mass of the ith building material, V i is the volume of the ith building material, M i or V i is mainly related to the performance and the application of the building material, the conditions related to the mass of the building material are concrete, steel and the like, and the conditions related to the volume of the building material are wood, bricks and the like;
in the building material transportation stage:
the carbon emission amount in the transportation stage is calculated by a calculation formula (2):
Wherein C T is the carbon emission amount in the building material transportation stage, Y i is the carbon emission coefficient of the unit mass transportation distance in the ith building material transportation mode, and D i is the transportation distance of the ith building material;
the total carbon emission of the building material in the production and transportation stage is as follows: c PT＝CP+CT
And (3) in the construction stage of the construction site:
the carbon emission of the mechanical equipment is calculated by a calculation formula (3):
Wherein C s is the carbon emission of mechanical equipment in the construction stage, CEF g is the carbon emission coefficient of the gasoline consumption of the mechanical equipment, W i is the gasoline consumption of the mechanical equipment, CVg is the heat value of the gasoline, CEF d is the carbon emission coefficient of the diesel consumption of the mechanical equipment, W j is the diesel consumption of the mechanical equipment, CV d is the heat value of the diesel, CEF p is the carbon emission coefficient of the electric power consumption of the mechanical equipment, W k is the electric power consumption of the mechanical equipment, i, j and k are the types of the mechanical equipment which consume gasoline, diesel and electric power respectively, and g, d and p are the total number of the mechanical equipment which consume gasoline, diesel and electric power respectively;
The carbon emission of the lighting equipment is calculated by a calculation formula (4):
CL＝CEFp×Hp
wherein CEF P is the carbon emission coefficient of power consumption, H P is the power consumption of the lighting equipment, and p is the total number of lighting equipment consuming power;
the total carbon emission of the construction site construction stage is as follows: c G＝CS+CL
S4: building a three-dimensional model of a building by using BIM software;
S41: model preparation
And (3) importing the basic building information determined in the step (S1) into BIM software, and establishing a three-dimensional model of the building according to the basic building information. The basic geometric shapes of building structures, such as columns, beams, plates, floors, walls and other main structural elements, are drawn by using drawing tools and modeling functions provided by software. The details and features of the building, such as windows, doors, stairs, roof structures, etc., are then added step by step according to the building design drawings, making the model more realistic and detailed. Suitable materials are selected according to the actual building design and applied to various parts of the building structure, such as concrete foundations, brick walls, wooden floors, glass windows, etc. In the modeling process, the model is adjusted and optimized, the proportion, the position and the detail of each part are ensured to meet the design requirement, and necessary modification and correction are carried out.
It should be noted that the naming of the components should follow the specifications so that the corresponding components can be quickly selected for task association by subsequent importing into the construction simulation software. In addition, the fineness of the construction simulation is determined according to the requirement, the modeling range is determined, and whether preparation of a scaffold, a template and other models for auxiliary construction is required to be established is determined.
S42: model processing
And collision detection is carried out, and collision detection tools provided by BIM software are utilized to ensure that all parts in the building structure are free from collision or overlap, so that the consistency and stability of the building structure are ensured. It should be noted that, during modeling, each component should be independent to ensure that each component can be associated with a corresponding construction progress task when the construction progress simulation is performed subsequently.
S43: model splitting
If a certain construction area is larger, when the on-site construction needs to be divided into flowing segments, the model needs to be split according to the division of the flowing segments so as to ensure that the model is imported into construction simulation software, and each independent construction progress plan is associated with each split model, so that simulation is more accurate.
In conclusion, the building BIM model is built through the steps, the building BIM model can be directly related to the construction progress in the visual simulation software, the accuracy and the authenticity of the model are improved, and the situation of building actual construction is better known. During the construction process, the BIM model is used for managing and updating the data, so that richer and more accurate data are provided for the calculation and evaluation of the carbon emission
S5: decomposing engineering projects (WBS), and making a construction progress plan;
s51: decomposing engineering projects
The project is divided into several phases or phased targets according to the different phases or primary tasks of the project. Within each phase, the work packages continue to be broken down, breaking down items into smaller tasks or activities, ensuring that each work package is manageable. And determining the logical relationship and the dependency relationship between the work packages, including the sequence and the delivery requirement. This helps determine the start and completion times of the tasks. The time required for each work package to complete is estimated and resource availability, constraints, and other constraints are considered.
S52: making a construction progress plan
And (3) based on the decomposition and duration estimation of the work package, a construction progress plan of the whole engineering project is formulated. This includes:
(1) The start date and the completion date of the work package are arranged into a project schedule.
(2) And determining the sequence of each task according to the dependency relationship and the pre-condition.
(3) Resources, such as manpower, materials, equipment, etc., are allocated to ensure the executability of the plan.
(4) The appropriate buffering time is formulated taking into account risk factors and uncertainty.
(5) And (3) utilizing project software to make a construction progress plan, and making a graphical progress plan, such as a cross-road diagram or a network diagram, so as to clearly show the time relation and completion progress of each task.
S6: the 4D-BIM technology is integrated to perform building visual simulation, and the model is imported into simulation software to perform simulation of processes such as building material production and transportation, building construction activities, energy consumption and the like;
S61: model and schedule importation
It should be noted that, by using Synchro software to perform visual simulation of construction, the model format adapted by the software is "Dwf", and the adapted schedule format is "XML". Therefore, after the Revit modeling, the export model format needs to be set to be 'Dwf', and after the Project makes a progress plan, the export format needs to be set to be 'XML'.
In performing model importation, the specific operations are: the method comprises the steps of file-import-3D-selection model-import in 3D dialog box, rotation-import-resource guide dialog box, new resource is selected and assigned, type, name, resource state and the like of the import model are selected according to actual conditions, resource creation dialog box, and resource creation according to the selected tree structure is selected.
It should be noted that, the resource guiding dialog box needs to select "assign to new resource", and the subsequent task association cannot be performed without assignment, and only model integration viewing can be performed.
When the construction progress plan is imported, the method specifically comprises the following steps: file-import-Project XML-select schedule-import-complete for the corresponding model.
S62: model association with progress plans
(1) Setting resource appearance
The resource appearance is set according to the construction condition so as to facilitate the visualization of colors in the simulation process, such as the selection of installation of the type of concrete pouring of the column and the wall body, the selection of growth simulation from bottom to top, and the like. The more detailed the resource appearance setting, the more detailed the visual simulation process.
(2) Correlation model and time formation 4D-BIM
And (3) screening out corresponding building components through a filter of 'window' - '3D object' in Synchro software, switching to selecting a corresponding building process in the resource appearance setting, selecting the name of the corresponding building process in the cross-road diagram at the same time, right-clicking a mouse near the corresponding building component, and selecting 'assigned to the selected task', namely finishing the association of a model component and the time schedule thereof. Similarly, all building element models are assigned to the respective tasks.
S63: visual analog simulation
(1) Making roaming animation
Activating the "animation" option in the "4D review" option bar, selecting "camera enabled" in the "animation" window, and capturing keyframe pictures to form a roaming animation continuously by operating the "animation editor" in the "camera" time axis.
(2) Making simulated construction animation
And selecting an enabling time axis from an animation window, operating in a focusing time axis through an animation editor, dragging a time scale caliper to a time node for starting construction in a cross-track diagram of the construction progress, inserting a key frame in a zeroth second in the animation editor, dragging the time scale caliper to a time node for ending construction in the cross-track diagram of the construction progress, and inserting the key frame in a time second which is needed to be presented and ended in the animation editor, so that the simulated construction animation can be formed.
If the roaming and construction process are to be visualized at the same time, the camera and the time axis are selected at the same time in the animation window, and then the operations are performed, and the AVI is exported by right clicking the animation, so that the whole animation process of the visual simulation can be exported. And in the construction simulation process, the three-dimensional model or the time schedule can be continuously changed according to the visual result, and the final 4D-bim model is optimized by continuously modifying.
S7: calculating carbon emission according to the material consumption in the simulated building material production process, the energy consumption in the building material transportation process and the site construction activity process, and calculating the carbon emission of each stage;
And (3) a building material production and transportation stage: and (3) introducing the consumption of various building materials and the transportation distance of the various building materials in the final 4D-bim model engineering quantity list into building carbon bank simulation software, and performing batch calculation through the digital model of S3.
And (3) in the field construction stage: and (3) leading a main mechanical shift table, shift usage amount, energy consumption amount and the like in the final 4D-bim model into building carbon bank simulation software, and carrying out batch calculation through the digital model of S3.
S8: carbon emission evaluation, namely, evaluating carbon emission conditions in the building construction process according to carbon emission calculation results and standard comparison of all areas;
The overall carbon emission condition of the building construction process can be known through the carbon emission quantity of each stage calculated by the building carbon emission simulation software in the step S7, and the total carbon emission quantity in the process is obtained, on the basis, the existing building construction scheme is required to be comprehensively checked, checked and optimized by combining with the local building industry carbon emission standard so as to predict whether the total carbon emission quantity caused by the construction scheme meets the relevant regulations of the local carbon emission. By strictly following local standards and continuously optimizing construction schemes, the influence of the building construction process on the ecological environment and the living environment can be minimized, and meanwhile, a solid foundation is laid for sustainable development in the future, so that benefit maximization is realized.
Claims (6)
1. A4D-BIM visualization-based building construction process carbon emission calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining basic building information;
s2: dividing the carbon emission stage of the building construction process;
s3: defining a carbon emission calculation method at each stage in the building construction process, and establishing a digital model;
S4: building a three-dimensional model of a building by using BIM software;
S5: decomposing engineering projects (WBS), and making a construction progress plan;
s6: the 4D-BIM technology is integrated to perform building visual simulation, and the model is imported into simulation software to perform simulation of processes such as building material production and transportation, building construction activities, energy consumption and the like;
S7: calculating carbon emission according to the material consumption in the simulated building material production process, the energy consumption in the building material transportation process and the site construction activity process, and calculating the carbon emission of each stage;
s8: and (3) evaluating carbon emission, namely evaluating the carbon emission condition of the building in the building construction process according to the carbon emission calculation result and the standard comparison of each region.
2. A method for calculating carbon emissions in a building construction process based on 4D-BIM visualization according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the building construction process is divided into a building material production stage, a building material transportation stage and a site construction stage;
wherein the carbon emissions of the build phase include carbon emissions generated by the use of machinery, electrical equipment, and the like.
3. A method for calculating carbon emissions in a building construction process based on 4D-BIM visualization according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3 of the above-mentioned process,
The calculation principle of the building material production stage is as follows:
Wherein C p is the carbon emission amount in the building material production stage, i is the type of building materials, n is the total number of building materials, T i is the carbon emission coefficient of the ith building material, M i is the mass of the ith building material, and V i is the volume of the ith building material;
The calculation principle of the building material transportation stage is as follows:
Wherein C T is the carbon emission amount in the building material transportation stage, Y i is the carbon emission coefficient of the unit mass transportation distance in the ith building material transportation mode, and D i is the transportation distance of the ith building material;
the calculation principle of the construction stage of the building site is as follows:
Wherein, Carbon emission of mechanical equipment in the construction stage,For the carbon emission coefficient of the gasoline consumption of the mechanical equipment, W i is the gasoline consumption of the mechanical equipment,The fuel consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the mechanical equipment is CEF d, the fuel consumption of the mechanical equipment is W j, CV d is the fuel consumption and carbon emission coefficient of the mechanical equipment is CEF p, the power consumption of the mechanical equipment is W k, i, j and k are the types of the mechanical equipment which consume gasoline, diesel and electric power respectively, and g, d and p are the total number of the mechanical equipment which consume gasoline, diesel and electric power respectively;
CL＝CEFp×Hp
Wherein CEF P is the carbon emission coefficient of power consumption, H P is the power consumption of the lighting device, and p is the total number of lighting devices consuming power.
4. A method for calculating carbon emissions in a building construction process based on 4D-BIM visualization according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step S4, the building three-dimensional model building using BIM software includes the following steps:
S41: preparing a model;
S42: model processing;
s43: and (5) model splitting.
5. A method for calculating carbon emissions in a building construction process based on 4D-BIM visualization according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step S5, decomposing the engineering project (WBS), and making the construction progress plan includes the steps of:
s51: decomposing engineering projects;
S52: and (5) making a construction progress plan.
6. A method for calculating carbon emissions in a building construction process based on 4D-BIM visualization according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, the 4D-BIM technology is integrated to perform building visual simulation, and the simulation of the processes of building material production and transportation, building construction activities, energy consumption and the like is performed by introducing the model into simulation software, wherein the simulation comprises the following steps of:
s61: importing a model and a progress plan;
S62: the model is associated with a schedule;
S63: and (5) visual simulation.
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