CN118218705A - Device and method for processing deep small holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding combination - Google Patents
Device and method for processing deep small holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding combination Download PDFInfo
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- CN118218705A CN118218705A CN202410189193.3A CN202410189193A CN118218705A CN 118218705 A CN118218705 A CN 118218705A CN 202410189193 A CN202410189193 A CN 202410189193A CN 118218705 A CN118218705 A CN 118218705A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000020347 spindle assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002064 alloy oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for processing deep holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding composite processing, which comprise a workbench, wherein a portal frame is arranged on the workbench, a first horizontal moving mechanism is arranged at the horizontal part of the portal frame and is connected with a frame body, a first vertical moving mechanism and a second vertical moving mechanism are respectively arranged at two sides of the frame body, the first vertical moving mechanism is provided with an electrolyte-electric spark composite processing mechanism, the second vertical moving mechanism is connected with a grinding mechanism, a nozzle is arranged at one side of a grinding part of the grinding mechanism and is connected with an electrolyte supply system through a pipeline, a rotary cutting platform is arranged on the workbench, and the rotary cutting platform adopts a horizontally arranged two-shaft linkage mechanism and is connected with a workpiece fixing tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining equipment, in particular to a device and a method for machining deep holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The processing requirements of the aerospace field on micro-structures are also continuously increased, wherein the processing of deep small holes (the ratio of the depth to the diameter of the holes is more than 5 and the diameter of the holes is less than 1 mm) is particularly important. For deep small hole machining, the traditional method adopts electric spark machining, and the machining speed of the electric spark machining of the deep small hole is high. However, during electric spark machining, a recast layer appears due to high-temperature discharge, so that the strength and stress state of the hole are influenced, and a new machining mode is needed to meet the continuously improved precision requirement of aerospace. In the electrolytic machining, a tiny gap is kept between a workpiece (anode) and a cutter (cathode) through electrolyte, and materials are gradually removed from the surface of the workpiece through an anode dissolution principle in the electrolytic process, so that precision machining is realized. The inventor finds that when the traditional electric spark-electrolyte composite processing device is used for deep small hole processing, the removal effect of a recast layer in the deep small hole is not ideal, and the precision of the size of the deep small hole cannot be ensured by simply adopting the electric spark-electrolyte composite processing deep small hole.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for processing deep holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding combination, which ensure the processing quality of the deep holes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a device for processing deep holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding, which comprises a workbench, wherein a portal frame is arranged on the workbench, a first horizontal moving mechanism is arranged on the horizontal part of the portal frame and is connected with a frame body, a first vertical moving mechanism and a second vertical moving mechanism are respectively arranged on two sides of the frame body, the first vertical moving mechanism is provided with an electrolyte-electric spark composite processing mechanism, the second vertical moving mechanism is connected with a grinding mechanism, a nozzle is arranged on one side of a grinding part of the grinding mechanism and is connected with an electrolyte supply system through a pipeline, a rotary cutting platform is arranged on the workbench, and the rotary cutting platform adopts a horizontally arranged two-shaft linkage mechanism and is connected with a workpiece fixing tool.
Optionally, the first vertical moving mechanism and the second vertical moving mechanism are symmetrically arranged relative to the portal frame.
Optionally, the first horizontal moving mechanism adopts a screw transmission mechanism installed on a horizontal part of the portal frame.
Optionally, the rotary cutting platform includes second horizontal movement mechanism, and the output direction of motion of second horizontal movement mechanism is the same with the output direction of motion of first horizontal movement mechanism, and second horizontal movement mechanism is connected with third horizontal movement mechanism, and the output direction of motion of third horizontal movement mechanism is perpendicular with the output direction of motion of second horizontal movement mechanism, and third horizontal movement mechanism is connected with work piece fixed frock.
Optionally, the second horizontal moving mechanism and the third horizontal moving mechanism both adopt screw transmission mechanisms.
Optionally, the grinding mechanism comprises an ultrasonic main shaft assembly, the ultrasonic main shaft assembly is connected with the second vertical moving mechanism, the ultrasonic main shaft assembly is connected with the ultrasonic generator, and the bottom end of the ultrasonic main shaft assembly is connected with the grinding component.
Optionally, the grinding part adopts the grinding pole, and the grinding pole includes from top to bottom setting's first pole portion and second pole portion, and the diameter of second pole portion is less than the diameter of first pole portion, and first pole portion is used for carrying out abrasive machining, and the periphery of first pole portion is equipped with diamond abrasive particles.
Optionally, the electrolyte supply mechanism comprises an electric spark electrolyte tank and a grinding electrolyte tank, the electric spark electrolyte tank is connected with the electrode of the electrolyte-electric spark composite processing mechanism through a pump body and a pipeline, and the grinding electrolyte tank is connected with the nozzle through the pump body and the pipeline.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of the apparatus for electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep pinholes according to the first aspect, including the steps of:
The first horizontal moving mechanism and the rotary cutting platform work cooperatively to move the electrolyte-electric spark composite machining mechanism to a target workpiece machining position, the first vertical moving mechanism works, and the electrolyte-electric spark composite machining mechanism is utilized to perform preliminary punching on the workpiece to form an initial hole.
After the initial hole is machined, the rotary cutting platform works to drive the workpiece to move to the position right below the grinding part of the grinding mechanism, and the positioning of the grinding part and the initial hole is finished, so that the grinding part and the initial hole are coaxial;
The grinding part rotates around the axis of the grinding part and moves downwards, the rotary cutting platform drives the workpiece to rotate, the grinding part carries out rotary cutting grinding on the initial hole to form a finished hole, and the deep small hole is machined after the grinding is finished;
in the grinding process, the nozzle sprays electrolyte to the processing part of the workpiece to remove an oxide layer generated on the hole surface in the grinding process.
Optionally, the positioning method of the grinding component and the initial hole is as follows:
Extending the grinding part into the initial hole, working the rotary cutting platform, driving the grinding part to touch three different parts of the hole surface of the initial hole, and recording the coordinates of the center of the initial hole during touch;
Obtaining the coordinates of the center of the grinding part according to the obtained coordinates of the center of the initial hole;
and the rotary cutting platform drives the workpiece to move according to the obtained coordinates of the center of the grinding part until the initial hole and the grinding part are coaxially arranged.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The deep small hole machining device is provided with the first vertical moving mechanism, the electrolyte-electric spark composite machining mechanism, the second vertical moving mechanism and the grinding mechanism, when a workpiece is machined, after an initial hole is formed by utilizing electrolyte-electric spark composite machining, the workpiece can be moved to a position corresponding to the grinding mechanism through the rotary cutting platform, then the initial hole is ground by utilizing the grinding mechanism, a recasting layer remained on the hole surface of the initial hole can be removed, the final hole forming dimensional accuracy can be ensured, and the machining quality of the deep small hole is ensured.
2. According to the deep small hole processing device, the nozzle is arranged on one side of the grinding component of the grinding mechanism and is connected with the electrolyte supply system through the pipeline, when the grinding component is ground, the nozzle sprays electrolyte to the processing part of the workpiece at the same time, so that an oxide layer generated on the hole surface during grinding can be removed, and the processing quality of the deep small hole is further improved.
3. According to the deep small hole machining device and method, before grinding, three different positions of the grinding component and the initial hole are utilized for touching, and then the center coordinates of the initial hole are determined according to the coordinates of the grinding component at the three different positions, so that the grinding component and the initial hole are coaxially arranged, the machining dimensional accuracy of the deep small hole is ensured, and the machining quality is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view showing the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view showing the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of electrolyte-spark composite processing according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the rotary-cut grinding process according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a rotary-cut grinding process according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a rotary-cut grinding process flow chart II in embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the touch-aware centering of example 2 of this invention;
The device comprises a first horizontal moving mechanism, a first vertical moving mechanism, a third copper pipe electrode, a power system, a portal frame, a rotary cutting platform, a working control machine, a spark electrolyte tank, a grinding electrolyte tank, a clamping mechanism, a grinding rod, a ultrasonic main shaft assembly, a second vertical moving mechanism, a frame body, a primary hole, a first electrolyte tank, a spark electrode, a first rod portion, a second rod portion, a nozzle, an alloy oxide and a negative electrode frame.
Detailed Description
For convenience of description, the words "upper" and "lower" in the present invention, if they mean only the directions of the words corresponding to the upper and lower directions of the drawings, are not limited to the directions, but are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a device for processing deep small holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding in a combined mode, which is shown in fig. 1-4 and comprises a workbench, wherein the workbench is used as a bearing mechanism of other parts and is used for being fixed on a ground foundation.
The workbench is fixedly provided with a portal frame 5, the portal frame 5 comprises two vertical parts, the bottom ends of the vertical parts are fixedly connected with the workbench through bolts, and a horizontal part is arranged between the top ends of the two vertical parts.
The upper surface of the horizontal portion of the gantry 5 is provided with a first horizontal movement mechanism 1, and the first horizontal movement mechanism 1 is capable of outputting a movement in a first horizontal direction, which in this embodiment is the length direction of the horizontal portion of the gantry.
The direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction is the second horizontal direction.
In this embodiment, the first horizontal moving mechanism 1 adopts a screw driving mechanism, and includes a first motor, an output shaft of the first motor is connected with a first screw, an axis of the first screw is horizontally arranged, two ends of the first screw are rotationally connected with bearing seats, the bearing seats are fixed on the upper surface of the horizontal part of the portal frame 5, a first screw slider is connected with the first screw in a threaded manner, and the first screw slider is slidably connected with the horizontal part of the portal frame.
Be provided with support body 14 on the first lead screw slider, support body 14 adopts the type frame that falls U, including horizontal plate and the vertical board of fixing at horizontal plate both ends, the middle part position and the first lead screw slider fixed connection of horizontal plate for the support body can be under the drive of first horizontal movement mechanism 1 along first direction horizontal movement.
The vertical board lateral surface of support body one side is provided with first vertical moving mechanism 2, and the lateral surface of opposite side is provided with second vertical moving mechanism 13, and the structure of first vertical moving mechanism 2 and second vertical moving mechanism 13 is the same, and sets up for portal frame 5 symmetry.
The first vertical movement mechanism 2 and the second vertical movement mechanism 13 have the same structure, and the first vertical movement mechanism 2 is described as an example:
The first vertical moving mechanism 2 adopts a vertically arranged screw lifting mechanism, and comprises a supporting plate, wherein the supporting plate is a vertically arranged plate, the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a vertical plate of the inverted U-shaped frame, a lifting driving motor is arranged at the top end of the supporting plate, an output shaft of the lifting driving motor is connected with one end of a lifting screw with a vertically arranged axis, two ends of the lifting screw are rotationally connected with a bearing seat, the bearing seat is fixed on the supporting plate, a lifting slide block is in threaded connection with the lifting screw, the lifting slide block is in sliding connection with the supporting plate, and an electrolyte-electric spark composite machining mechanism is arranged on the lifting slide block.
The electrolyte-electric spark composite machining mechanism only adopts the prior art, and comprises a power system 4 connected with a lifting sliding block of a first vertical moving mechanism 2, wherein the power system 4 is connected with an electrode, in the embodiment, the electrode adopts a copper tube electrode 3, and the top of the copper tube electrode 3 is connected with an electrolyte supply system through a pipeline. The electrode is connected with a power supply arranged in the workbench, the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the electrode, the positive electrode of the power supply is used for connecting a workpiece, and preferably, the power supply is a pulse power supply.
The connection between the electrode and the electrolyte supply system and the negative electrode of the power supply and the connection between the positive electrode of the power supply and the workpiece are all conventional techniques, and will not be described in detail here.
The lifting slide block of the second vertical moving mechanism 13 is connected with a grinding mechanism, and the grinding mechanism is used for grinding the hole.
The grinding mechanism comprises an ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12, the ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12 is made of existing equipment, the ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12 is connected with an ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic generator is connected with an external power supply, the ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12 is powered by the external power supply, the bottom end of the ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12 is coaxially connected with a grinding part through a clamping mechanism 10, the clamping mechanism is made of the prior art, the concrete structure of the grinding mechanism is not described in detail herein, the clamping mechanism 10 is in sliding fit with one end of an iron pillar, the other end of the iron pillar is connected with a cathode frame 22, the cathode frame 22 is fixed on a workbench, the iron pillar is connected with the cathode of the power supply, the vertical size of the clamping mechanism 10 along the vertical direction is larger than the vertical travel of the ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12 during processing, so that the clamping mechanism 10 can always be in sliding fit with the iron pillar, the ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12 can drive the grinding part to rotate around the axis of the ultrasonic main shaft assembly, meanwhile, the ultrasonic generator can apply ultrasonic vibration to the grinding part through the ultrasonic main shaft assembly 12, the cutting force during processing is reduced, and the service life of the grinding head is prolonged.
The grinding part adopts grinding rod 11, and grinding rod 11 adopts tungsten material to make, and grinding rod 11 includes from top to bottom set gradually first pole portion 18 and second pole portion 19, and wherein, the diameter of first pole portion 18 is greater than the diameter of second pole portion 19, and first pole portion 18 periphery embedding has diamond abrasive particles, and first pole portion 18 is used for carrying out abrasive machining to the dark aperture.
One side of the grinding rod 11 is provided with a nozzle 20, the nozzle 20 is fixed on a workbench through a nozzle bracket, the nozzle 20 is connected with an electrolyte supply mechanism through a pipeline, the electrolyte supply mechanism is used for supplying electrolyte to the nozzle, the nozzle 20 is used for spraying the electrolyte to the grinding position of a workpiece, so that an oxide layer generated in the grinding process of the workpiece is removed, and meanwhile, the grinding position is cooled.
In this embodiment, the electrolyte supply mechanism includes an electric spark electrolyte tank 8 and a grinding electrolyte tank 9, wherein outlets of the electric spark electrolyte tank 8 and the grinding electrolyte tank 9 are connected with a pump body through pipelines, the pump body connected with the electric spark electrolyte tank 8 is connected with an electrode through a pipeline for injecting electrolyte into an internal cavity of the electrode, and the pump body connected with the grinding electrode tank 9 is connected with a nozzle 20 through a pipeline for injecting electrolyte into the nozzle.
The rotary cutting table is provided with a rotary cutting platform 6, and a workpiece fixing tool is arranged on the rotary cutting platform 6 and used for fixing a workpiece to be processed.
In this implementation, work piece fixed frock adopts a fixed block, and the fixed block upper surface is equipped with the fixed slot, and threaded connection has hold-down bolt on the lateral part grooved surface of fixed slot, and the tip that hold-down bolt stretched into the fixed slot is equipped with the clamp plate, rotates hold-down bolt, can compress tightly the work piece on the lateral part grooved surface of fixed slot through the clamp plate to realize the fixed of work piece.
When the workpiece is fixed, a set distance is reserved between the bottom surface of the workpiece and the bottom groove surface of the fixed groove.
In this embodiment, the rotary cutting platform 6 adopts a horizontally disposed two-axis linkage mechanism, and includes a second moving mechanism, where the second moving mechanism is installed on the upper surface of the workbench and is located right below the horizontal portion of the portal frame 5, and the output motion direction of the second moving mechanism is the same as that of the first moving mechanism, that is, the output motion direction of the second moving mechanism is the first horizontal direction, the moving portion of the second moving mechanism is connected with a third moving mechanism, and can drive the third moving mechanism to move along the first horizontal direction, the output motion direction of the third moving mechanism is mutually perpendicular to that of the second moving mechanism, that is, the output motion direction of the third moving mechanism is the second horizontal motion direction, and the output motion stroke of the moving portion of the third moving mechanism is mutually perpendicular to the first horizontal motion direction, so that the workpiece can be switched between the electric spark machining station below the electrode and the grinding station below the grinding rod.
In this embodiment, the second moving mechanism adopts a screw transmission mechanism arranged along the first horizontal direction, and the second moving mechanism comprises a second motor, an output shaft of the second motor is connected with a second screw, two end parts of the second screw are rotationally connected with bearing seats, the bearing seats are fixed on a workbench, a second screw slider is in threaded connection with the second screw, and the second screw slider is in sliding connection with the workbench and serves as a moving part of the second moving mechanism.
The third moving mechanism also adopts a screw transmission mechanism, and comprises a moving plate, wherein the moving plate is connected with a second screw sliding block, one end of the moving plate is provided with a third motor, an output shaft of the third motor is connected with a third screw, two end parts of the third screw are rotationally connected with bearing seats, the bearing seats are fixed on the moving plate, the third screw is connected with the third screw sliding block in a threaded manner, the third screw sliding block is in sliding connection with the moving plate, a workpiece box is arranged on the third screw sliding block, and a workpiece fixing tool is installed in the workpiece box.
The second horizontal moving mechanism is matched with the third horizontal moving mechanism, so that the workpiece box and the workpiece fixing tool can rotate around the axis, and rotary cutting of holes is realized.
Preferably, motors of the first horizontal moving mechanism, the second horizontal moving mechanism and the third horizontal moving mechanism all adopt stepping motors, and screw rods all adopt ball screws.
In this embodiment, each motor of the first moving mechanism 1 and the rotary cutting platform 6 is connected with the industrial personal computer 7, the work of the motors is controlled by the industrial personal computer 7, and the power system 4, the power source, the pump body and the like in the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic spindle assembly 12 and the electrolyte-electric spark composite machining assembly are all connected with the industrial personal computer 7, and the work of the motors is controlled by the industrial personal computer 7.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a working method of the device for machining deep lower holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding in the embodiment 1, wherein the workpiece to be machined is a cuboid made of nickel-based high-temperature single alloy I C, the length, width and height are 40mm, 200mm and 6mm respectively, the electrode is a copper pipe electrode with the diameter of 0.6mm and the length of 200mm, the diameter of a first rod part of the grinding rod is 0.6mm, the length of the grinding rod is 8mm, the diameter of a second rod part is 0.3mm, the length of the grinding rod is 6mm, the workpiece is subjected to electrolyte-electric spark composite machining firstly, and then is subjected to electrolyte-grinding composite machining, wherein the electrolyte adopts 5% sodium chloride or sodium nitrate electrolyte, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the first horizontal moving mechanism 1 and the rotary cutting platform 6 work cooperatively to move the position to be processed of the workpiece to the position right below the electrode, meanwhile, the iron column is in sliding fit with the clamping mechanism of the ultrasonic main shaft assembly, the workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the power supply of the electrolyte-electric spark composite processing mechanism is started.
Step 2: as shown in fig. 5, the first vertical moving mechanism 2 is controlled by the industrial personal computer 7 to drive the copper pipe electrode 3 to move downwards at the speed of 5mm/min, meanwhile, the pump body sends electrolyte 16 in the electric spark electrolyte tank 8 into the electrode, the bottom end of the electrode is sprayed to realize electric spark-electrolyte composite processing, an initial hole 15 is processed on the surface of a workpiece, preferably, the flow rate of the electrolyte 16 is 1L/min, the electrolyte 16 impacts the surface of the workpiece and changes direction, electrolytic processing is realized around the hole, during initial processing, the copper pipe electrode 3 is about to contact the surface of the workpiece, an electric spark 17 occurs at the same time, when the copper pipe electrode 3 is exposed from the lower part of the workpiece for 2-3mm, the industrial personal computer 7 controls the first vertical moving mechanism 2 to stop working, the electric spark-electrolyte composite processing is stopped, the industrial personal computer 7 controls the first vertical moving mechanism 2 to drive the copper pipe electrode 3 to perform reset movement upwards at the speed of 10mm/min, and when the bottom end of the copper pipe electrode 3 is exposed from the upper part of the workpiece, the first vertical moving mechanism 2 stops working.
Step 3: the industrial personal computer 7 controls the third horizontal moving mechanism to work and drives the workpiece to move to the initial position below the grinding rod 11 along the second horizontal direction at the speed of 100 mm/min. The motion distance is the distance between the grinding rod 11 and the axis of the copper tube electrode 3 along the second horizontal direction, and under the premise of not considering errors of the stepping motor and the ball screw, the initial hole of the workpiece and the grinding rod 11 are coaxially arranged at the moment, but the errors of the stepping motor and the ball screw exist, and the initial hole and the grinding rod need to be subjected to contact sensing positioning, as shown in fig. 8, the contact sensing positioning method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: the industrial personal computer 7 controls the second vertical moving mechanism to work and drives the grinding part to move downwards at the speed of 1mm/min, and the second rod part 19 enters the initial hole for 3-5mm.
Step 3.2: the second horizontal moving mechanism and the third horizontal moving mechanism work, so that the workpiece moves to the first horizontal direction, the second horizontal direction and the direction which forms an included angle of 145 degrees with the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction at a speed of 0.1mm/min in sequence, and when each movement occurs, the movement is stopped when the second rod part 19 touches the workpiece, in the embodiment, the touch detection mode is as follows: the industrial personal computer 7 is connected with a buzzer alarm, when the second rod portion 19 touches a workpiece, the industrial personal computer 7 sends an alarm signal through the buzzer alarm, the touch detection mode is achieved by adopting the technology of the existing machine tool, and not further described in detail herein, when three touches are performed, the center of an initial hole forms three points at three collision positions respectively, coordinates of the three points are recorded, a tangent line of a circle where the three points are located is taken, then a perpendicular line of the tangent point is taken, the intersection point of the perpendicular line is the center of the circle determined by three-position contact sensing, namely the center position of the grinding rod 11, for example:
The center coordinates O of the grinding rod 11 are (x 0,y0), the radius r, the three points are a (x 1,y1),B(x2,y2),C(x3,y3), and the three points are obtained by the equality equations (x i-x0)+(yi-y0)＝r2, wherein i=1, 2, 3, using the cremmer's rule Wherein a=x 1-x2,b＝y1-y2,c＝x1-x3,d＝y1-y3,
After the circle center coordinates of the grinding rod 11 are obtained, the industrial personal computer 7 drives the rotary cutting platform 6 to work according to the obtained circle center coordinates of the grinding rod 11, so that the initial hole is coaxial with the grinding rod 11. The iron post is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and meanwhile, the workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the workpiece and the positive electrode of the power supply are connected in a mode of adopting the prior art, so that the detailed description is omitted.
Step 4: after the initial hole and the grinding rod 11 are positioned, the industrial personal computer 7 controls the second vertical moving mechanism 13 to work, drives the grinding part to move downwards at the speed of 1mm/min until the junction position of the first rod part 18 and the second rod part 19 reaches the processing inlet of the initial hole 15, then stops moving, starts the pump body connected with the grinding electrolyte tank 9, and the nozzle 20 sprays electrolyte to the processing position of the workpiece.
Step 5: as shown in fig. 5-7, the rotary cutting platform 6 works to drive the workpiece to move along the second horizontal direction at the speed of 0.1mm/min for 0.05mm displacement, then the rotary cutting platform 6 drives the workpiece to do circular motion at the speed of 0.1mm/min, the ultrasonic generator sends a signal to the ultrasonic spindle assembly 12, the rotation speed of the ultrasonic spindle assembly 12 is set to 990r/min, the second vertical moving mechanism 13 drives the grinding rod 11 to move downwards, the diamond abrasive particles of the first rod part 18 are in contact with the surface of the initial hole, the first rod part 18 rotates at a high speed, the diamond abrasive particles and the hole surface are rubbed to remove materials, meanwhile, the diamond abrasive particles which are peeled off by less materials and the alloy oxide 21 generated by grinding flow out of the hole under the impact of electrolyte are prevented from forming an oxide layer under the action of Kong Mianxing, the workpiece moves along the set circular motion under the action of the rotary cutting platform 6, the rotary cutting grinding is realized by utilizing the first rod part, when the positions of the first rod part 18 and the second rod part 19 are exposed out of 1-2mm from the lower part of the workpiece, the machining boundary is stopped, and finally the deep small hole 21 is finished.
By adopting the processing device and the processing method of the embodiment, after electrolyte-electric spark composite processing, the grinding mechanism is utilized to grind the initial hole, so that the recast layer remained on the hole surface of the initial hole can be removed, the final pore-forming size precision can be ensured, and the processing quality of the deep small hole is ensured.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The device for processing deep holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding is characterized by comprising a workbench, wherein a portal frame is arranged on the workbench, a first horizontal moving mechanism is arranged at the horizontal part of the portal frame and is connected with a frame body, a first vertical moving mechanism and a second vertical moving mechanism are respectively arranged at two sides of the frame body, the first vertical moving mechanism is provided with an electrolyte-electric spark composite processing mechanism, the second vertical moving mechanism is connected with a grinding mechanism, a nozzle is arranged at one side of a grinding part of the grinding mechanism and is connected with an electrolyte supply system through a pipeline, a rotary cutting platform is arranged on the workbench, and the rotary cutting platform adopts a horizontally arranged two-shaft linkage mechanism and is connected with a workpiece fixing tool.
2. An apparatus for electro-spark-grinding composite machining of deep holes as defined in claim 1, wherein said first and second vertical moving mechanisms are symmetrically disposed with respect to the gantry.
3. An apparatus for electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep holes as defined in claim 1, wherein said first horizontal movement mechanism employs a screw drive mechanism mounted on the horizontal portion of the gantry.
4. The apparatus for combined electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep pinholes of claim 1, wherein the rotary cutting platform comprises a second horizontal movement mechanism, the second horizontal movement mechanism has an output movement direction identical to the output movement direction of the first horizontal movement mechanism, the second horizontal movement mechanism is connected with a third horizontal movement mechanism, the third horizontal movement mechanism has an output movement direction perpendicular to the output movement direction of the second horizontal movement mechanism, and the third horizontal movement mechanism is connected with the workpiece fixing tool.
5. The apparatus for electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep holes of claim 4, wherein said second horizontal displacement mechanism and said third horizontal displacement mechanism each employ a screw drive mechanism.
6. An apparatus for electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep holes as defined in claim 1, wherein said abrasive means comprises an ultrasonic spindle assembly connected to a second vertical displacement means, the ultrasonic spindle assembly being connected to an ultrasonic generator, the bottom end of which is connected to an abrasive member.
7. The apparatus for electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep pinholes according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive member is an abrasive rod comprising a first rod portion and a second rod portion disposed from top to bottom, the second rod portion having a diameter smaller than that of the first rod portion, the first rod portion being for abrasive machining, and diamond abrasive grains being disposed on the outer periphery of the first rod portion.
8. The apparatus for electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrolyte supply means comprises a spark electrolyte tank and an abrasive electrolyte tank, the spark electrolyte tank being connected to the electrode of the electrolyte-spark composite machining means through a pump body and a pipe, the abrasive electrolyte tank being connected to the nozzle through a pump body and a pipe.
9. A method of operating an apparatus for electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep pinholes according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
The first horizontal moving mechanism and the rotary cutting platform work cooperatively to move the electrolyte-electric spark composite machining mechanism to a target workpiece machining position, the first vertical moving mechanism works, and the electrolyte-electric spark composite machining mechanism is utilized to perform preliminary punching on the workpiece to form an initial hole;
After the initial hole is machined, the rotary cutting platform works to drive the workpiece to move to the position right below the grinding part of the grinding mechanism, and the positioning of the grinding part and the initial hole is finished, so that the grinding part and the initial hole are coaxial;
The grinding part rotates around the axis of the grinding part and moves downwards, the rotary cutting platform drives the workpiece to rotate, the grinding part carries out rotary cutting grinding on the initial hole to form a finished hole, and the deep small hole is machined after the grinding is finished;
in the grinding process, the nozzle sprays electrolyte to the processing part of the workpiece to remove an oxide layer generated on the hole surface in the grinding process.
10. The method of operation of an apparatus for combined electrolytic-spark-abrasive machining of deep pinholes according to claim 9, wherein the positioning of the abrasive parts and the initial holes is:
Extending the grinding part into the initial hole, working the rotary cutting platform, driving the grinding part to touch three different parts of the hole surface of the initial hole, and recording the coordinates of the center of the initial hole during touch;
Obtaining the coordinates of the center of the grinding part according to the obtained coordinates of the center of the initial hole;
and the rotary cutting platform drives the workpiece to move according to the obtained coordinates of the center of the grinding part until the initial hole and the grinding part are coaxially arranged.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410189193.3A CN118218705A (en) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-02-20 | Device and method for processing deep small holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding combination |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410189193.3A CN118218705A (en) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-02-20 | Device and method for processing deep small holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding combination |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118218705A true CN118218705A (en) | 2024-06-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410189193.3A Pending CN118218705A (en) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-02-20 | Device and method for processing deep small holes by electrolysis-electric spark-grinding combination |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118218705A (en) |
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2024
- 2024-02-20 CN CN202410189193.3A patent/CN118218705A/en active Pending
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