CN118213841A - GHz measuring level broad spectrum microwave pulse generation system based on photoelectric oscillator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GHz-magnitude wide-spectrum microwave pulse generation system based on a photoelectric oscillator, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing photoelectric oscillator is difficult to realize GHz-magnitude wide-spectrum microwave pulse output. The system comprises a semiconductor laser (1), an electro-optical intensity modulator (2), a direct-current voltage source (3), an optical isolator (4), a common single-mode optical fiber (5), a tunable optical attenuator (6), a photoelectric detector (7), a microwave power amplifier (8), a broadband band-pass filter (9) and a power divider (10). The system realizes GHz-magnitude broad-spectrum microwave pulse output and adjustable microwave pulse repetition frequency, has the advantages of simple debugging, strong environment interference resistance, stable output signal and the like, and can be applied to the fields of pulse radar target identification, electronic countermeasure, medical imaging and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave photonics, and particularly relates to a design of a GHz quantum level broad spectrum microwave pulse generation system based on a photoelectric oscillator.
Background
The microwave pulse has a relatively strong penetration depth due to the response frequency characteristic of easily covering the target due to the frequency bandwidth, and is widely applied to the fields of pulse radar target identification, electronic countermeasure, medical imaging and the like. Along with the rapid development of electronic information technology, the requirements on the accuracy of radar detection and the resolution of medical imaging are increasingly high at present, however, the detection accuracy and the imaging resolution are limited by the bandwidth of pulse signals, so that the microwave pulse with the ultra-large bandwidth (GHz magnitude) has good application prospect.
In the traditional electronics field, the GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse is mainly generated by a pulse oscillating circuit or a pulse shaping circuit through frequency multiplication, frequency mixing and other modes. The quality of the signal produced in this way is limited by the rate and operating band of the electronics, resulting in a significant deterioration of the phase noise of the pulses with increasing oscillation frequency. The photoelectric oscillator is used as a novel microwave oscillator, combines an optical technology and a microwave radio frequency technology, utilizes a long optical fiber as an energy storage element, can realize a photoelectric hybrid ring resonant cavity with a high Q value, and breaks through the limitation of an electronic device on signal quality. Thus, the optoelectronic oscillator can greatly reduce the phase noise of the microwave signal. However, in the conventional photoelectric oscillator, signals are oscillated by the noise in the cavity, there is no fixed phase relation between modes, and there is gain competition between modes, so that stable multimode oscillation cannot be realized, and the system can only generate a single-tone microwave signal and cannot generate a microwave pulse signal.
To solve this problem, passive mode locking and active mode locking techniques are introduced into the optoelectronic oscillator to create a defined phase relationship between modes, thereby achieving multimode oscillation. However, in the active mode-locked photoelectric oscillator, the bandwidth of the microwave pulse is only tens of MHz, and in the passive mode-locked photoelectric oscillator, the spectrum width of the pulse is only about 400MHz, so that the microwave pulse with the GHz level width cannot be generated, and the current requirement for a large frequency band of signals is difficult to meet. In addition, after the mode locking module is added, the structure of the system is more complex, and the stability of signals can be influenced by the mode locking device.
Therefore, the GHz-level broad-spectrum microwave pulse generation system based on the photoelectric oscillator is simple in structure, does not need additional mode locking devices, is adjustable in repetition frequency of output microwave pulses, and has wide application prospects in the fields of pulse radar ranging, underground target detection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing photoelectric oscillator is difficult to generate GHz-level broad-spectrum microwave pulse signals, and provides a GHz-level broad-spectrum microwave pulse generation system based on the photoelectric oscillator.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the GHz measuring level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on the photoelectric oscillator is characterized by comprising a semiconductor laser, an electro-optic intensity modulator, a direct current voltage source, an optical isolator, a common single mode fiber, an adjustable optical attenuator, a photoelectric detector, a microwave power amplifier, a broadband bandpass filter and a power divider; the semiconductor laser is connected with the optical signal input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator; the direct-current voltage source is connected with the direct-current input end of the electro-optic intensity modulator and is used for controlling the bias point of the electro-optic intensity modulator by changing the direct-current voltage; the electro-optical intensity modulator, the optical isolator, the common single-mode optical fiber and the adjustable optical attenuator are sequentially connected to form an optical path part of the system; the adjustable optical attenuator is connected with the photoelectric detector and is used for converting an optical signal output by the optical path into an electric signal; the photoelectric detector, the microwave power amplifier, the broadband band-pass filter and the power divider are sequentially connected to form a circuit part of the system; the c port of the output end of the power divider is connected with the radio frequency input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator, an electric signal is loaded on an optical carrier through the modulator, and the b port of the power divider is the signal output end of the whole system; the optical isolator is used for inhibiting the backward Rayleigh scattering noise introduced by the common single-mode fiber, so that the phase noise of the generated microwave pulse is reduced; the adjustable optical attenuator is used for adjusting the optical attenuation in the oscillator cavity so as to realize the balance of gain and loss in a loop and ensure that the system outputs stable microwave pulse; the microwave power amplifier is used for compensating the loss of a signal when the signal is transmitted in the oscillator cavity.
Preferably, the semiconductor laser is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser having a center wavelength of 1550nm.
Preferably, the electro-optic intensity modulator is a push-pull Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator with an operating bandwidth of 20GHz.
Preferably, the length of the common single mode fiber is 10m.
Preferably, the analogue bandwidth of the photodetector is 15GHz.
Preferably, the small signal gain of the microwave power amplifier is in the range of 26-31 dB.
Preferably, the 3dB frequency response of the broadband bandpass filter is in the range of 0.1-4GHz.
Preferably, the power divider is a two-power divider, the ratio of output power of two output ports is 1:1, and the bandwidth is 50GHz.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention adopts long optical fiber to transmit signals, and the resonant cavity has high Q value due to the characteristics of large bandwidth and low transmission loss of the optical fiber, and the generated microwave pulse has good phase noise and frequency stability.
(2) The invention controls the gain of the loop by controlling the direct current voltage of the electro-optic intensity modulator in the oscillator system, so that the signal can be switched between the fundamental frequency and the harmonic wave, and the repetition frequency of the microwave pulse is adjusted.
(3) The invention has the advantages of simple operation, environmental interference resistance, stable output signal and the like.
(4) The system of the invention has simple structure and all the used devices are commercialized, so that the system of the invention is easy to implement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on a photoelectric oscillator.
Fig. 2 shows the result of setting the dc bias voltage of the modulator to 3.96V, and the fundamental frequency microwave pulse spectrum output by the system.
Fig. 3 is a time domain waveform diagram of microwave pulses of different harmonic orders output by the system.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-semiconductor laser, 2-electro-optic intensity modulator, 3-DC voltage source, 4-optical isolator, 5-common single mode fiber, 6-adjustable optical attenuator, 7-photoelectric detector, 8-microwave power amplifier, 9-broadband band-pass filter, 10-power divider and a, b, c-power divider.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a GHz magnitude-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on a photoelectric oscillator, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a semiconductor laser 1, an electro-optic intensity modulator 2, a direct-current voltage source 3, an optical isolator 4, a common single-mode optical fiber 5, an adjustable optical attenuator 6, a photoelectric detector 7, a microwave power amplifier 8, a broadband bandpass filter 9 and a power divider 10; the semiconductor laser 1 is connected with an optical signal input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator 2; the direct-current voltage source 3 is connected with the direct-current input end of the electro-optic intensity modulator 2, and the function of the direct-current voltage source is to control the bias point of the electro-optic intensity modulator 2 by changing the direct-current voltage; the electro-optical intensity modulator 2, the optical isolator 4, the common single-mode optical fiber 5 and the adjustable optical attenuator 6 are sequentially connected to form an optical path part of the system; the adjustable optical attenuator 6 is connected with the photoelectric detector 7 and is used for converting an optical signal output by the optical path into an electric signal; the photoelectric detector 7, the microwave power amplifier 8, the broadband band-pass filter 9 and the power divider 10 are sequentially connected to form a circuit part of the system; the c port of the output end of the power divider 10 is connected with the radio frequency input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator 2, an electric signal is loaded on an optical carrier through the modulator, and the b port of the power divider 10 is the signal output end of the whole system; the optical isolator 4 is used for inhibiting the backward Rayleigh scattering noise introduced by the common single-mode optical fiber 5, so that the phase noise of the generated microwave pulse is reduced; the adjustable optical attenuator 6 is used for adjusting the optical attenuation in the oscillator cavity so as to realize the balance of gain and loss in a loop and ensure that the system outputs stable microwave pulses; the microwave power amplifier 8 is used to compensate for losses in the signal as it propagates in the oscillator cavity.
In this embodiment, the distributed feedback semiconductor laser 1 may be a semiconductor laser having a center wavelength of 1550nm and an output power of 16 dBm.
In this embodiment, the electro-optical intensity modulator 2 may be a push-pull mach-zehnder intensity modulator (model Fujitsu 7938 EZ) manufactured by Fujitsu, japan, and has an operating bandwidth of 20GH, a radio frequency half-wave voltage of 4V, and a direct current half-wave voltage of 4V.
In this embodiment, the photodetector 6 may be a broadband photodetector (model HP 11982A) manufactured by HP, america, with an analog bandwidth of 15GHz, a responsivity of 0.8A/W, and an output matching resistance of 50Ω.
In this embodiment, the microwave power amplifier 7 may be a microwave power amplifier (model GT-HLNA-0022G) manufactured by the light-passing technology development limited company of beijing Jitai, and the small signal gain is 28dB, and the working bandwidth is 20GHz.
In this embodiment, the band-pass filter 8 can be a broadband band-pass filter (model UIYHPF 7191A) manufactured by Shenzhen Utility Co., ltd, and the 3dB frequency response range is 0.1-4GHz.
In this embodiment, the power divider 9 may be a two-power divider of the lyocell company, where the ratio of output power of the two output ports is 1:1, and the bandwidth is 50GHz.
The physical model and the numerical simulation method related in the invention are specifically as follows:
In order to truly and accurately simulate the generation and evolution process of microwave pulses in the photoelectric oscillator provided by the invention, the system is modeled after fully considering the influence of each device in the system on pulse transmission. To simplify the simulation model, the output signal V (t) of the system is dimensionless and is represented by the variable x (t),
x(t)＝πV(t)/2Vπrf (1)
Wherein V πrf is the radio frequency half-wave voltage of the electro-optic intensity modulator. Since the system is a closed loop, the output signal is reloaded onto the optical carrier by an electro-optical intensity modulator, taking into account the cosine squared transmittance function of the modulator, the signal after passing through the modulator being,
Fnl[x(t)]＝cos2[x(t)+φ] (2)
Where phi = pi V DC/2VπDC denotes the phase shift of the electro-optic intensity modulator. V πDC is the dc half-wave voltage of the electro-optic intensity modulator and V DC is the dc voltage applied to the modulator. The time that the signal propagates in a common single mode fiber is not negligible, so there is a time delay T in the system. The signal transmitted by the optical fiber is converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric detector, amplified by the microwave power amplifier and finally input into the filter. Thus, the signal input to the filter can be expressed as,
Xin＝βFnl[x(t-T)] (3)
Wherein the linear gain beta represents the loop gain under the combined action of various gains and losses including the responsivity of the photoelectric detector in the system, and the expression is that,
β＝παγSGP0R/2Vπrf (4)
Wherein S represents the gain of the microwave power amplifier, G and R represent the responsivity and the matching resistance of the photoelectric detector respectively, P 0 represents the optical power output by the laser, alpha represents the loss of signal transmission in a common single-mode fiber and the insertion loss of each device, and gamma represents the optical attenuation of the adjustable optical attenuator.
In the time domain, the signal passing through the filter will produce the following equation,
Wherein,Representing a linear calculus operator. To simplify the simulation model, a second order bandpass filter is used in the simulation to model the bandpass filter in the system. The expression of the linear calculus operator of the second order bandpass filter is,
Where ε=1/2πf H and θ=1/2πf L represent time constants associated with the high cut-off frequency f H and the low cut-off frequency f L, respectively, of the band-pass filter.
Thus, the generation of the system output signal can be described by the following first-order time-lag integral differential equation,
By numerically solving equation (7) using the fourth-order Longer-Curie-Kutta method, the evolution of the signal in the oscillator cavity can be obtained.
The specific principle and the numerical simulation result of the invention are as follows:
In the system of the invention, the electro-optic intensity modulator needs to be biased near the nonlinear transmission point (minimum transmission point or maximum transmission point), at which time signals of different amplitudes are attenuated to different extents by the modulator due to the nonlinear transmission function of the modulator. To qualitatively illustrate the net gain of the open loop voltage, consider a rectangular pulse of amplitude a and pulse width Δt (normalized to the loop delay) as the input signal. The dc component of the input signal is filtered out due to the high-pass filtering effect of the band-pass filter. The net gain of the open loop voltage can thus be calculated approximately as,
The net gain should meet condition g >1 in order to oscillate continuously within the cavity to form a stable pulse. From equation (8), it is known that only a signal whose amplitude exceeds the excitable threshold a th can obtain a sufficient gain, and its amplitude gradually converges to the saturation amplitude a sa in the cavity. Furthermore, as the phase shift φ decreases, the excitable threshold increases and the saturation amplitude and net gain decrease.
With small gain, the amplitude of the intra-cavity noise is too small to excite the pulse signal. Since the loop has a wide operating bandwidth, there is a strong nonlinear effect in the system. Under the nonlinear effect, the oscillator outputs a chaotic signal by increasing the gain in the loop. The chaotic signal has noise-like characteristics, but the amplitude is far larger than that of the noise and exceeds the excitable threshold of the system. Under this condition, the gain of the loop is reduced again, and the chaotic signal excites a pulse signal. Since the high cut-off frequency of the filter in the system is much greater than the low cut-off frequency and the low cut-off frequency is higher, the fast time constant epsilon of the system is much smaller than the slow time constant theta and the slow time constant is smaller (on the order of ns). By using phase plane analysis in nonlinear dynamics, it is known that the rise time and fall time of a pulse are determined by the fast time scale epsilon of the system, and the high level duration of the pulse is determined by the slow time scale theta. The pulse width of the pulse is thus very narrow, and accordingly its spectral width can reach the order of GHz.
After the microwave pulse signal is generated, the phase shift of the modulator can be changed by changing the DC bias voltage of the modulator, thereby controlling the repetition frequency of the pulses. When the phase shift of the modulator is reduced, the excitable threshold increases and the net gain of the loop decreases resulting in a reduction in the amplitude of the pulse, when the amplitude of the pulse is less than the excitable threshold, the pulse cannot gain enough to fade in the cavity; conversely, when the phase shift of the modulator increases, a new pulse will be excited due to the decrease in the excitable threshold and the increase in the net gain of the loop. After the new pulse is generated or extinguished, there is no consistency in the amplitude and spacing of the pulses within the cavity. Due to the nonlinear phase response of the bandpass filter, the phase difference between the different pulses is constantly changing within the cavity, manifesting as interactions between the pulses. Finally, when the system reaches a steady state, pulse trains with the same interval and the same amplitude are output. Therefore, the control of the pulse repetition frequency can be realized by changing the direct current bias voltage of the electro-optic modulator to generate microwave pulse signals with different harmonic frequencies.
The low cut-off frequency f L and the high cut-off frequency f H of the filter were set to 100MHz and 4GHz, respectively, in the simulation. The radio frequency half-wave voltage V πRF and the direct current half-wave voltage V πDC of the modulator are both set to 4V. The loop delay T is set to 61ns. White noise with a power spectral density of-160 dBm/Hz was added to the cavity to simulate the bottom noise in the oscillator cavity. First, the loop gain is set high enough to obtain an initial chaotic signal. Then, the loop gain is set to β=2 in the excitable region, and the generated chaotic signal is used as an excitation source to obtain microwave pulse oscillation.
The GHz quantum level broad spectrum microwave pulse generation system based on the photoelectric oscillator provided by the invention is subjected to numerical simulation, and the result is as follows:
Fig. 2 shows the result of setting the dc bias voltage of the modulator to 3.96V and the fundamental frequency microwave pulse spectrum output by the system. From simulation results, the photoelectric oscillator can realize microwave pulse output with the spectrum width of about 2GHz, and the frequency interval of the photoelectric oscillator is consistent with the free spectrum range of the resonant cavity.
Fig. 3 shows time domain waveforms of microwave pulses of different harmonic orders output by the system. By setting the dc bias voltages of the modulators to 3.96V, 4.04V, 4.12V, 4.21V, respectively, the system outputs microwave pulses of fundamental frequency, second harmonic, third harmonic, and fourth harmonic, respectively. Their repetition frequencies are 16.39MHz, 32.78MHz, 49.17MHz, 65.56MHz, respectively.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. The GHz quantum level broad spectrum microwave pulse generation system based on the photoelectric oscillator is characterized by comprising a semiconductor laser (1), an electro-optic intensity modulator (2), a direct-current voltage source (3), an optical isolator (4), a common single-mode optical fiber (5), an adjustable optical attenuator (6), a photoelectric detector (7), a microwave power amplifier (8), a broadband bandpass filter (9) and a power divider (10); the semiconductor laser (1) is connected with the optical signal input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator (2); the direct-current voltage source (3) is connected with the direct-current input end of the electro-optic intensity modulator (2) and is used for controlling the bias point of the electro-optic intensity modulator (2) by changing the direct-current voltage; the electro-optical intensity modulator (2), the optical isolator (4), the common single-mode optical fiber (5) and the adjustable optical attenuator (6) are sequentially connected to form a light path part of the system; the adjustable optical attenuator (6) is connected with the photoelectric detector (7) and is used for converting an optical signal output by the optical path into an electric signal; the photoelectric detector (7), the microwave power amplifier (8), the broadband band-pass filter (9) and the power divider (10) are sequentially connected to form a circuit part of the system; the c port of the output end of the power divider (10) is connected with the radio frequency input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator (2), an electric signal is loaded on an optical carrier through the modulator, and the b port of the power divider (10) is the signal output end of the whole system; the optical isolator (4) is used for inhibiting the backward Rayleigh scattering noise introduced by the common single-mode optical fiber (5), so that the phase noise of the generated microwave pulse is reduced; the adjustable optical attenuator (6) is used for adjusting the optical attenuation in the oscillator cavity so as to realize the balance of gain and loss in a loop and ensure that the system outputs stable microwave pulses; the microwave power amplifier (8) is used to compensate for losses in the signal as it propagates in the oscillator cavity.
2. The GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on the photoelectric oscillator of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor laser (1) is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser, and the central wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 1550nm.
3. The GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on the photoelectric oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optical intensity modulator (2) is a push-pull mach-zehnder intensity modulator, and the operation bandwidth is 20GHz.
4. A system for generating microwave pulses in the order of magnitude of GHz based opto-electronic oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the common single mode fiber (5) is 10m.
5. A GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on a photoelectric oscillator as in claim 1, wherein the analog bandwidth of the photodetector (7) is 15GHz.
6. A GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on an optoelectronic oscillator as in claim 1 wherein the microwave power amplifier (8) is a broadband high gain microwave power amplifier.
7. A GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on an optoelectronic oscillator as in claim 1 wherein the 3dB frequency response of the broadband bandpass filter (9) is in the range of 0.1-4GHz.
8. The GHz-level broad spectrum microwave pulse generating system based on the photoelectric oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the power divider (10) is a two-power divider, the ratio of output power of two output ports is 1:1, and the bandwidth is 50GHz.
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