CN118159706A

CN118159706A - Offshore solution

Info

Publication number: CN118159706A
Application number: CN202280054959.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·A·麦钱特; M·帕苏马蒂; G·黄; H·M·J·刘; L·H·陈; K·K·P·刘
Original assignee: Jibao Management Co ltd
Current assignee: Jibao Management Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-06
Filing date: 2022-07-22
Publication date: 2024-06-07
Also published as: WO2023014289A3; EP4380853A2; KR20240042622A; WO2023014289A2

Abstract

The invention relates to an offshore solution comprising: a plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules defining boundaries of the offshore solution and forming a lagoon; each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules is adapted to transfer the load of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module to the seabed and to withstand ambient water pressure. The offshore solution further comprises a universal module, which can be a bottom-mounted module or a floating module, and a floating infrastructure module is arranged within the boundary or sea wall. The floating infrastructure module is designed to allow lighter infrastructure services and is used for transport networks, such as transport networks or park galleries through which vehicles travel. The universal module is designed for residence, work, entertainment; housing homes, offices, entertainment facilities, etc. The bottom-mounted universal module is designed to fit a heavier superstructure, and the floating universal module is designed to fit a taller superstructure.

Description

Offshore solution

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an offshore solution for an above-water habitat. In particular, the invention relates to an integrated offshore solution of a set of infrastructure and resident work entertainment modules, which is an alternative approach to help coastal protection and to cope with sea level rises. Offshore solutions include large modular structures that can be fully prefabricated in shipyards and/or factories and combined in various configurations to provide solutions for climate change, coastal protection, and large infrastructure and building environment spaces. These modules are connected to the ground to extend the ground-based development into the ocean space.

Background

Climate change may not be noticeable to many people, but it is a global phenomenon that is one of the most serious challenges facing humans. Climate change can have devastating consequences including the destruction of biodiversity, loss of food sources, and economic impact. The effects of climate change are apparent in warmer hours and in stronger rainfall for many countries, with particularly severe sea level rises.

Conventional static solutions such as building seawalls and land reclamation have been implemented, but these are not persistent solutions.

Accordingly, those skilled in the art are continually striving to provide alternative solutions to coastal protection to address the problem of sea level rise due to climate change and to provide land elasticity to support population growth.

Disclosure of Invention

The above problems and other problems are solved and an offshore solution according to the present invention has been developed in view of the prior art. A first advantage of the offshore solution is that it provides an alternative solution to cope with sea level rises due to climate change. A second advantage of the offshore solution is that it is an alternative (and complementary) climate change adaptation method for land reclamation and coastal protection. A third advantage of the offshore solution is that it is a repurposed solution. In particular, the offshore solution is mobile and can be deployed and redeployed at different locations for different uses. A fourth advantage of the offshore solution is that it is scalable and outputtable, so that it can be built on demand and adapted and scaled as and when required. A fifth advantage is that the offshore solution comprises large modular structures that can be fully prefabricated in shipyards and/or factories and combined in various configurations to provide a solution for climate change, coastal protection, and large infrastructure and building environment space.

A first aspect of the invention relates to an offshore solution. The offshore solution comprises: a plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules defining boundaries of the offshore solution, each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules adapted to transfer loads of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module to a seabed and to withstand ambient water pressure; a plurality of floating universal modules and a plurality of floating infrastructure modules, each of the plurality of floating universal modules and the plurality of floating infrastructure modules comprising a restraint fitting adapted to anchor the floating universal modules and the floating infrastructure modules to an open end of a pile extending from the seabed; and a plurality of bottom-mounted universal modules, a plurality of floating universal modules, and a plurality of floating infrastructure modules, wherein all modules are disposed within the boundary of the offshore solution defined by the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the offshore solution infrastructure further comprises a door between two adjacent bottom-mounted infrastructure modules.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-mounted universal modules further comprises: a plurality of columns adapted to transfer the bottom-disposed load to the seabed; and a housing adapted to withstand ambient water pressure.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-mounted universal modules further comprises: a top layer above the water level and suitable for living and transportation facilities; a lowermost tier configured for storage; and a plurality of basement layers between the top layer and the lowest layer, the plurality of basement layers configured for use in a basement living and transportation network, utility storage facilities.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the lowermost layer comprises a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted universal module.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the plurality of basement layers are open spaces.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, each of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module and the bottom-mounted universal module comprises a concrete spacer that is set in place at the bottom of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or bottom-mounted universal module as a means of adjusting the height of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted universal module.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the concrete spacer is a concrete block.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, each of the plurality of floating universal modules and the plurality of floating infrastructure modules further comprises: a first basement layer; and a second basement layer, wherein the restraint fittings are disposed along a perimeter of the floating universal module or the floating infrastructure module and integrally coupled to sidewalls of the first basement layer and the second basement layer.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the restraining fitting comprises rollers between the piles and guides within the restraining fitting to ensure that the floating universal module or the floating infrastructure module is restrained by the piles in a lateral direction perpendicular to the surface of the first basement layer.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the second basement layer comprises a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the floating universal module or the floating infrastructure module.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the ballast system is an actively compensated ballast system adapted to maintain the floating utility module or the floating infrastructure module to a specific draft and standing upright.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the first basement layer comprises an interior space for a utility infrastructure for basement life, transportation, storage, energy generation and power generation.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the bottom-mounted universal module, the floating infrastructure module, and the floating universal module are hexagonal in shape.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the offshore solution further comprises a flexible coupling arm configured to couple the bottom-mounted infrastructure module and the floating universal module together.

In one embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the bottom placement module and the floating module will be manufactured using sustainable materials according to further technical and cost evaluations.

Drawings

The above and other features and advantages according to the present invention are described in the following detailed description and are shown in the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a floating infrastructure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an infrastructure bottom placement module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates a universal bottom placement module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates an infrastructure float module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a universal float module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

Fig. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a restraint fitting coupled to a dolphin according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

Detailed Description

The present invention relates to an offshore solution for an above-water habitat. In particular, the invention relates to an integrated offshore solution of a set of infrastructure modules and universal or residential work entertainment modules, which is an alternative approach to help coastal protection and to cope with sea level rises. The offshore solution includes modules to create integrated residential seawalls to provide coastal protection and create new urban space. These modules are connected to the ground to extend the ground-based development into the ocean space.

It is envisaged that the sea level of this century may rise by 0.63m and that the global ocean surface temperature may increase by 1 to 4 ℃ due to climate change and global warming, causing damage to coastal cities and coastal ocean biodiversity. Thus, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the offshore solution of the present invention provides an alternative elastic and sustainable land resource built with zero/low carbon sustainable materials. The offshore solution can be used to house intelligent and energy efficient buildings, generating electricity from renewable energy sources. Furthermore, since the structure and apparatus used to build the offshore solution is modular in nature, the offshore solution has enhanced scalability and adaptability, which enables it to be deployed globally. Taking up ocean space for a floating city may interfere with existing ship routes and anchor locations, and modularity of the offshore solution ensures that the ocean space reserved for the floating city is fully utilized.

Unlike designs for offshore floating structures, such as semi-submersible where the primary function is to camp on the sea for oil well drilling operations, designs for off-shore solutions for residential, work, recreational purposes require more intensive investigation of human comfort. The design of the invention adopts the maximum acceleration value recommended by the reference classification rule, and when the acceleration exceeds the limit, the human can perceive movement and seasickness.

Offshore solutions are alternative sustainable approaches that can cope with the effects of sea level rises and create new habitats and living spaces both above and below water. Furthermore, even if the environmental conditions are different compared to a land-based fixed structure, the comfort of the floating platform occupants should not be compromised.

The offshore solution also includes the following green features to facilitate sustainability; the following features will be employed according to further technical and cost evaluations:

Green concrete such as carbon cured concrete, concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) or even concrete with cement replacement techniques. These techniques help reduce carbon output by utilizing the emitted carbon dioxide to cure the cement or convert it into fuel and other beneficial products. Cement replacement technology enables concrete to be produced without the need for portland cement, but instead alternatives (such as steel slag, i.e., waste material from a steel mill) can be used to bond the concrete.

-Mounting solar panels on a roof of a superstructure

-Collecting rainwater and treatment facilities on the roof of the superstructure

Green covering and green wall for promoting greening

The offshore solution includes infrastructure and residential, work, entertainment modules.

For an infrastructure module, there is a bottom placement module and a floating infrastructure module. The bottom placement module acts as a sea wall for coastal protection. The floating infrastructure module is used for lighter loads.

For general purpose modules or living, work, entertainment modules, there are bottom-mounted modules and floating modules. The bottom placement module is suitable for heavier loads and thus for buildings or superstructures with higher floors. The floating structure is suitable for a lower load superstructure with a lower number of floors.

The bottom-mounted infrastructure module forms a sea wall to provide coastal protection and form a lagoon. A floating infrastructure module, a bottom placement module and a floating utility module or living, working, entertainment modules are formed within this lagoon to create a coastal town. The bottom-mounted infrastructure module forming the seawall provides an opening/door to allow emergency/maintenance access to the lagoon and also allows water movement between the lagoon and open sea. Details of the infrastructure module and the general purpose module or residence, work, entertainment module of the offshore solution will be described below.

Introduction to the offshore solution 100 (general planning)

Fig. 1 shows an offshore solution 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The offshore solution 100 includes a bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110, a floating infrastructure module 130, and a universal module (bottom-mounted or floating) 120. The generic module 120 is intended for living, work and entertainment. Accordingly, the generic module 120 may also be referred to as a generic residence, work, and entertainment module 120. The universal module 120 may be a bottom mounted or floating module, as desired. Fig. 2 shows a bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110, fig. 3 shows a bottom-mounted universal module 120, fig. 4 shows a floating infrastructure module 130, and fig. 5 shows a floating universal module 120. A door 150 is provided between the two bottom-mounted infrastructure modules 110 to allow ships to enter and leave the offshore solution 100.

The bottom-mounted infrastructure modules 110 are arranged in a manner that defines the boundaries of the offshore solution 100 and in the form of coastal protection seawalls, wherein each of the bottom-mounted modules 110 is designed to transfer the load of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110 to the seabed and the housing of the module is designed to withstand the surrounding water pressure.

The floating infrastructure module 130 and the floating universal module 120 include restraint fittings adapted to anchor the floating infrastructure module 130 and the floating universal module 120 to the open ends of piles (such as dolphins) extending from the sea floor. The bottom-mounted universal module 120, the floating infrastructure module 130, and the floating universal module 120 are disposed within the boundaries of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110. In this arrangement, the floating infrastructure module 130 and the floating utility module 120 will be in a lagoon area protected by the bottom placement infrastructure module 110 acting as a seawall forming the lagoon area.

Each universal module 120 has an area of 5,000sqm that is capable of accommodating approximately 2000 occupants, and 3 universal modules 120 may accommodate up to 6000 occupants when connected together. These numbers may vary depending on how the superstructure is designed, whether they are used more for apartments, offices, or other entertainment purposes.

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, modules 110/120/130 are manufactured using green concrete techniques that either absorb carbon dioxide for curing or replace cement with alternative materials such as metal slag, silica binders, and concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA). In addition, each module 110/120/130 is made of reinforced concrete structure having a honeycomb-like configuration, such as a honeycomb structure, to provide rigidity and redundancy.

The space on the top surface of the module 110/120/130 may be used for features such as roads, parks and gardens, shopping centers, park galleries, and the like. The space in the basement layer can be used for features such as train tunnels/railway stations, underground shopping spaces, storage spaces, parking lots, underground tunnels, water spaces, waste from coasts and power connections. Further details will be described below.

Although FIG. 1 shows modules 110/120/130 having the same dimensions, one skilled in the art will recognize that non-identical modules 110/120/130 may be implemented without departing from the invention. Furthermore, the modules 110/120/130 may be hexagonal in shape so that they may be easily interconnected to form larger clusters.

Bottom mounting module

The bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110 is built in a manner that defines the boundary (also referred to as perimeter) of the offshore solution 100, thereby forming a lagoon region within the boundary. The bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110 acts as a form of coastal protection seawall to address the problem of sea level ascent. It is also known as a form of coastal protective seawall. As shown in fig. 1, the boundaries of the offshore solution 100 are defined by a shoreline and a bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the offshore solution 100 may be built outside of the coastline 190 without departing from the invention, wherein many of the bottom-mounted infrastructure modules 110 may be interconnected together to define the perimeter of the offshore solution 100.

There are two types of bottom-mounted modules, namely, bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110, as shown in fig. 1, with the details of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module being referred to as 110a in fig. 2; and a bottom-mounted universal module 120, as shown in fig. 1, wherein the details of the bottom-mounted universal module are referred to as 120a in fig. 3.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the bottom placement modules 110a/120a will be placed directly on the seabed. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the seabed is as flat and regular as possible. If the seabed is irregular or wavy, the positioning structure of the bottom positioning module 110a/120a on the seabed will risk crossing and overstressing. To avoid such risks, marine geophysical surveys should be conducted in preparation for seabed preparation. The investigation will be able to identify any anomalies on the seabed surface, map the rock and buries within the upper unconsolidated marine sediment, and reveal information about the nature of the seabed. After the survey is completed, the seabed will be prepared by removing the top layer or by laying a layer of material on the seabed to create a platform.

A door 150 is provided between the bottom placement modules 110a/120a defining the perimeter of the floating infrastructure to allow ships to enter and leave the offshore solution 100. Essentially, the bottom placement modules 110a/120a are used for coastal protection of seawalls and flood control.

After manufacture, assembly and commissioning in the shipyard, the bottom placement modules 110a/120a will float to the installation location by de-ballasting the system in the lowest tier 110a4/120a3 and then ballasting down onto the seabed. Similarly, the bottom placement modules 110a/120a may be ballasted and repositioned as needed and when desired. Thus, ballast tanks in the ballast system in the lowermost tier 110a4/120a3 are provided to allow transport of the bottom placement modules 110a/120a during installation and any future repositioning possibilities.

Bottom-mounted module-internal component

The bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110a includes a top layer 110a1, a first basement layer 110a2, a second basement layer 110a3, and a lowest layer 110a4. The top layer 110a1 is used for living and transportation such as malls, parks and roads. The first basement layer 110a2 is configured as an interior space for a basement parking lot, a basement mall, or the like. The second basement layer 110a3 is configured for infrastructure use such as storage, energy generation, power generation, and train tunneling. The lowermost layer 110a4 is configured for storage and ballasting of the system. Those skilled in the art will recognize that more basement layers may be added between the top layer 110a1 and the lowest layer 110a4 and that this depends on the depth of the horizontal plane to the seabed. The bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110a includes columns 110a8/110a9/110a10 for transferring the load of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110 to the seabed.

The bottom-mounted universal module 120a includes a top layer 120a1, a plurality of basement layers 120a2, and a lowermost layer 120a3. The top layer 120a1 is used for living and transportation such as malls, parks and roads. Unlike the infrastructure module 110a, the top layer 120a1 is configured for medium to high density development, such as 8 to 15 layers. The basement layer 120a2 is configured as an interior space for a basement parking lot, a underground mall, etc., and for infrastructure purposes such as storage, energy generation, power plants, and train tunnels. The lowermost layer 120a3 is configured for storage and ballasting of the system. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the number of basement layers 120a2 depends on the depth of the horizontal plane to the seabed.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110 a. The left side of fig. 2 shows the water surface 110a5, while the right side of fig. 3 shows the water surface 110a6 at high tide and the water surface 110a7 at low tide. To address potential level rises due to global warming and climate change, sufficient topsides (distance between level and top surface) will be designed to account for future level rises. As an additional measure for future protection, the bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110a or the bottom-mounted universal module 120a will be designed to be able to withstand increased water pressure and load of the water level, if desired in the future, additional seawalls may be built off site and installed at the top layer 110a1 of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110a or the bottom-mounted universal module 120 a.

The bottom placement modules 110a/120a include concrete spacers that are set in place at the bottom of the structure as a means to adjust the height of the bottom placement modules 110a/120a to meet the topside requirements. The concrete spacer is essentially a concrete block arranged between the lowest layer 110a4/120a3 and the seabed.

Floating module

Similar to the bottom placement modules 110a/120a, there are two types of floating modules: that is, the floating infrastructure module 130, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the details of the floating infrastructure module are referred to as 130a in FIG. 4; and a floating universal module 120, as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the details of the floating universal module are referred to as 120b in FIG. 5. The floating infrastructure module 130a is designed to allow lighter infrastructure services and for transport networks, such as transport networks or park galleries through which vehicles travel, while the floating utility module 120b is designed to house residential, office, and recreational facilities.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the floating modules 130a/120b will be anchored by dolphins. The floating modules 130a/120b accommodate lightweight structures above water level and are configured for low to medium density development above the top surface, such as 3 to 8 layers, as shown in fig. 5. Since the floating modules 130a/120b are floating-type modules, they are flexible and independent of sea bed depth and sea bed conditions. Thus, there is no need for major seabed preparation below the float modules 130a/120 b.

After manufacture, assembly and commissioning in the shipyard, the floating modules 130a/120b will float to the installed position and then ballasted downward by de-ballasting the system in the second basement layer 130a2/120b2, with the top of the dolphin extending into the restraint fittings 730. Similarly, the floating modules 130a/120b may be ballasted and repositioned as needed and when desired.

Floating module-inner part

As shown in fig. 6, the floating modules 130a/120b are anchored to the sea bed by dolphins 710, with the top portions 720 of the dolphins extending into restraining fittings 730 adapted to allow vertical movement according to the horizontal plane and to prevent horizontal movement to secure the floating modules 130a/120b in place. As shown in fig. 6, the restraint fittings 730 are integrally coupled to the sidewalls of the first and second basement layers 130a1/120b1 and 130a2/120b 2. A through opening is provided at the bottom of the restraint fitting 730 so that the top portion 720 of the dolphin can be inserted into the through opening, thereby securing the floating module 130a/120b to the dolphin. The restraining fitting 730 includes a cover 731 for covering the top of the through opening. The cover 731 is height adjustable to accommodate the length of dolphin inserted into the through opening.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the floating module 130a/120b includes 2 layers below the top surface, namely, a first basement layer 130a1/120b1 and a second basement layer 130a2/120b2. The restraint fittings 730 are disposed along the perimeter of the floating modules 130a/120b and integrally coupled to the sidewalls of the first and second basement layers 130a1/120b1 and 130a2/120b2. Restraint fitting 730 may include rollers between the dolphin and guides within restraint fitting 730 to ensure that floating modules 130a/120b are restrained by the dolphin in the lateral direction (i.e., up and down movement due to changes in the horizontal plane within the boundaries of offshore solution 100 or changes in the total load of the floating modules).

The second basement layer 130a2/120b2 includes a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the floating modules 130a/120b. An active compensation ballast system is installed at this level to continuously monitor and maintain the platform stable. Specifically, the active ballast system will continuously monitor the draft and inclination of the float modules and perform sufficient ballasting to hold the float modules 130a/120b to a specified draft and stand upright. In one embodiment, if the live load (moving load from a person, vehicle, etc.) is relatively small compared to the overall module, an active ballast system may not be needed, as the movement will not cause too much change in the draft/tilt of the floating modules 130a/120b. A ballast system in the second basement layer 130a2/120b2 is provided to allow transportation of the floating modules 130a/120b during installation and any future repositioning possibilities.

The first basement layer 130a1/120b1 includes an interior space for a utility infrastructure for basement life, transportation, storage, energy generation, and power generation. Depending on the planning and placement of the bottom-mounted and floating modules, each module in the connection cluster will not need energy generation and power plant facilities since mechanical and electrical facilities will be shared between the connected modules 120/130 in fig. 1.

For example, in a cluster of 3 modules 120/130, a single power generation facility would need to reside in one of the 3 modules, so the space of the other 2 modules can be used for other purposes. Thus, the actual construction of the first basement layer 130a1/120b1 is left to those skilled in the art as a matter of design choice.

The floating infrastructure module 130a and the floating universal module 120b may be connected together via a rigid connector or a flexible connector. The rigid connectors essentially connect the 2 modules 130a/120b together to form a single larger module. The flexible connectors allow the modules 130a/120b to retain some individuality and allow draft changes without interfering with each other. Flexible linkage arms are examples of flexible connectors that can be easily installed and removed, keep the platforms fixed at a safe distance from each other, and also couple the movement of each module 130a/120b in the cluster. For the avoidance of doubt, each cluster may be formed using 2 or more floating infrastructure modules 130a, 2 or more floating universal modules 120b, or a combination of floating infrastructure modules 130a and floating universal modules 120 b.

The above is a description of an exemplary embodiment of a near shore solution according to the present invention. It is anticipated that one skilled in the art may and will design alternative infrastructures, devices, systems and methods that infringe the present invention (as set forth in the appended claims) based on this disclosure.

Claims

1. An offshore solution comprising:

A plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules defining boundaries of the offshore solution, each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules adapted to transfer loads of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module to a seabed and to withstand ambient water pressure;

A plurality of floating universal modules and a plurality of floating infrastructure modules, each of the plurality of floating universal modules and the plurality of floating infrastructure modules comprising a restraint fitting adapted to anchor the floating universal modules to an open end of a pile extending from the seabed,

A plurality of bottom-mounted universal modules, wherein the plurality of floating universal modules, the plurality of floating infrastructure modules, and the plurality of bottom-mounted universal modules are arranged within the boundary of the offshore solution;

Wherein each of the plurality of floating universal modules and the plurality of floating infrastructure modules further comprises:

A first basement layer; and

A second basement layer, wherein the restraint fittings are disposed along a perimeter of the floating universal module or the floating infrastructure module and integrally coupled to sidewalls of the first basement layer and the second basement layer, and wherein the restraint fittings include rollers between the posts and guides within the restraint fittings to ensure that the floating universal module and the floating infrastructure module are restrained by the posts in a lateral direction perpendicular to a surface of the first basement layer.

2. The offshore solution of claim 1, further comprising a door between two adjacent bottom-mounted infrastructure modules.

3. The offshore solution of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of bottom-disposed infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-disposed universal modules further comprises:

A plurality of columns adapted to transfer the bottom-disposed load to the seabed; and

A housing adapted to withstand ambient water pressure.

4. The offshore solution of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of bottom-disposed infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-disposed universal modules further comprises:

a top layer above the water level and suitable for living and transportation facilities;

A lowermost tier configured for storage; and

A plurality of basement layers between the top and bottom layers, the plurality of basement layers configured for use in a basement living and transportation network, utility storage facilities.

5. The offshore solution of claim 4, wherein the lowest layer comprises a ballast system for controlling buoyancy of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted universal module.

6. The offshore solution of claim 4, wherein the plurality of basement layers are open spaces.

7. The offshore solution of any one of claims 1-6, wherein each of the bottom-disposed infrastructure module and the bottom-disposed universal module comprises: a concrete spacer is set in place at the bottom of a bottom-mounted infrastructure module or a bottom-mounted universal module as a means of adjusting the height of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted universal module.

8. The offshore solution of claim 7, wherein the concrete spacer is a concrete block.

9. The offshore solution of claim 1, wherein the second basement layer comprises a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the floating utility module or the floating infrastructure module.

10. The offshore solution of claim 9, wherein the ballast system is an active compensation ballast system adapted to maintain the floating utility module or the floating infrastructure module to a specific draft and upright.

11. The offshore solution of claim 10, wherein the first basement layer comprises an interior space of a utility infrastructure for basement life, transportation, storage, energy generation, and power generation.

12. The offshore solution of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the bottom-disposed universal module, the floating infrastructure module, and the floating universal module are hexagonal in shape.

13. The offshore solution according to any of claims 1-12, further comprising: a flexible coupling arm configured to couple the bottom-mounted infrastructure module and the floating universal module together.

14. The offshore solution according to any of claims 1-13, wherein the bottom placement module and the floating universal module can be considered to be manufactured using Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA).