CN118136287A - Lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system and method - Google Patents
Lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118136287A CN118136287A CN202410255586.XA CN202410255586A CN118136287A CN 118136287 A CN118136287 A CN 118136287A CN 202410255586 A CN202410255586 A CN 202410255586A CN 118136287 A CN118136287 A CN 118136287A
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- UDRRLPGVCZOTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth lead Chemical compound [Pb].[Bi] UDRRLPGVCZOTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal stratification test system and a thermal stratification test method for a coolant of a lead-bismuth reactor. The lead bismuth container is connected with the upper reactor core cavity simulator and the lead storage tank, and in the test preparation stage, lead bismuth is injected into the lead bismuth container and the upper reactor core cavity simulator so as to reach the steady-state temperature required by test operation; once the main circuit and the lead bismuth container both reach the required steady state conditions, the experiment is started; during the experiment, the whole experimental loop was operated open-loop, in which case the duration of the experiment was dependent on the volume of liquid bismuth available in the bismuth-lead vessel and the corresponding flow rate; during experimental operation, the reactor core upper chamber simulator and the top of the lead bismuth container are respectively pressurized by argon gas so as to ensure pure gas atmosphere in the container, and the flow rate of the lead bismuth is controlled by operating the electromagnetic pump. Meanwhile, heat preservation is designed for the experimental loop to ensure the adiabatic boundary condition. According to the invention, through developing a thermal stratification test of the lead-bismuth reactor coolant, the instantaneous temperature field distribution in the reactor core upper cavity simulator is monitored to obtain the mechanistic parameters of the thermal stratification phenomenon of the lead-bismuth reactor coolant, and a reference is provided for the safety of the reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid metal reactor coolant thermal stratification research, in particular to a lead-bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system and method.
Background
Thermal stratification refers to stratification of hot and cold fluids when mixed is stationary or slowly flowing, under the action of buoyancy, which generally occurs in the upper core cavity in liquid metal reactors. Because the high-temperature and low-temperature fluid is unevenly mixed in the nuclear energy equipment, the thermal fatigue damage of the structural wall surface can be caused by the temperature oscillation of the fluid, and the thermal layering is formed. When thermal delamination occurs, adverse thermal phenomena such as thermal cycling and streaking often occur. The temperature distribution form of the upper heat and the lower heat of the fluid area causes huge thermal stress to the wall surface in the radial direction, the circumferential direction and the axial direction, and finally damages such as bending deformation, thermal fatigue, penetrating crack, rigid support failure and the like can be generated, thereby causing serious threat to the structural integrity of the system. In addition, stable thermal stratification weakens the natural circulation driving pressure head, and hinders the establishment of natural circulation in the stack, which can cause safety problems for passive waste heat removal systems that rely primarily on natural circulation to remove heat. Therefore, the research on the phenomenon of thermal stratification of the coolant of the lead-bismuth reactor plays a vital role in the safety of the reactor. The related research on the thermal stratification phenomenon of the reactor coolant can not only deeply reveal the thermal stratification evolution mechanism in the reactor, but also provide experience for the safety design and accident alleviation of the lead-based reactor.
Currently available reactor coolant thermal stratification research patents, such as: chinese patent CN202310423355.0 proposes a method for thermal stratification suppression and thermal fatigue early warning of a nuclear power station regulator surge tube; the method is mainly characterized in that porous media are filled in a horizontal heat exchange section of the fluctuation pipe to inhibit natural convection in the pipe, heat is conducted from the upper part to the lower part of the fluctuation pipe, the phenomenon of thermal stratification is inhibited, and then thermal fatigue early warning is realized through a fluctuation pipe thermal fatigue early warning model. However, the method cannot be applied to novel liquid metal reactors including lead bismuth reactors, and meanwhile, the method cannot deeply reveal the evolution mechanism of the thermal stratification phenomenon in the upper chamber of the reactor core.
Currently available reactor coolant thermal stratification research patents, such as: chinese patent CN202310134971.4 proposes a nuclear power plant nuclear pipeline thermal stratification monitoring method and system; the method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining system parameters and historical operation parameters of a primary loop of a nuclear power plant, and determining a thermal stratification risk position based on the system parameters and the historical operation parameters; arranging a plurality of temperature sensors on the outer wall of the pipeline at the thermal stratification risk part according to the preset angle requirement; acquiring temperature values acquired by all the temperature sensors, and calculating the difference value of any two temperature values to obtain the maximum temperature difference; and comparing the maximum temperature difference with a temperature requirement condition to determine a thermal delamination risk condition. However, the system focuses on the thermal stratification phenomenon in the nuclear grade pipeline, so that research on the thermal stratification phenomenon in the upper cavity of the liquid metal reactor including the lead-bismuth reactor cannot be carried out, and the evolution mechanism of the thermal stratification phenomenon in the upper cavity of the reactor core cannot be deeply revealed.
Currently available reactor coolant thermal stratification research patents, such as: chinese patent CN202211733245.6 proposes a thermal layered reduced-order analysis method for lead-bismuth fast reactor lead pool; the method is characterized by comprising the steps of establishing a thermal layering mathematical physical model of a lead pool; performing numerical simulation solution based on computational fluid dynamics; selecting temperature field data based on the time snapshot; constructing a thermal stratification reduced order model based on Galerkin projection aiming at a full order system; and reconstructing temperature field data based on the reduced order model. However, the temperature field data of the lead pool is obtained by a numerical simulation method, and the accuracy and rationality of the obtained data cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a lead-bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system and a lead-bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test method for researching the thermal stratification phenomenon in a lead-bismuth reactor under various working conditions to obtain the temperature field characteristics and specific parameters such as the evolution of the temperature field characteristics along with time which are focused, so that the related characteristics of the lead-bismuth thermal stratification phenomenon are summarized, the thermal stratification evolution mechanism in the reactor is deeply revealed, and experience is provided for safety design and accident alleviation of a lead-based reactor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The lead-bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system comprises a lead-bismuth storage tank 1, an electromagnetic pump 2, an argon buffer tank 3, an upper reactor core chamber simulator 4, a lead-bismuth container 5 and a pipeline valve; the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 is connected with the lead bismuth container 5 through a pipeline to form an open circuit system for test, and the lead bismuth in the lead bismuth container 5 is injected into the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 at different flow rates and temperatures according to specific requirements of different working conditions of the test;
A certain amount of lead-bismuth alloy is stored in the lead-bismuth storage tank 1, and uniformly wound electric heating wires are arranged on the outer wall surface of the lead-bismuth storage tank, so that the temperature in the lead-bismuth storage tank is controlled; the lead bismuth storage tank 1 is connected with the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 through a first lead bismuth stop valve 101, and the lead bismuth storage tank 1 is connected with the lead bismuth container 5 through a second lead bismuth stop valve 102 to provide lead bismuth alloy required in the test process for the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4, the lead bismuth container 5 and corresponding pipelines;
the electromagnetic pump 2 is positioned between the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5, and is connected with the first flowmeter 201 for adjusting the flow of lead bismuth;
The front end of the argon buffer tank 3 is connected with an argon bottle 301; the argon buffer tank 3 is connected with the lead bismuth tank 1 and provides the pressure required for injecting the lead bismuth alloy into the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5; the argon buffer tank 3 is connected with the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5, provides inert gas environment in the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5, and plays a role in discharging the residual lead bismuth alloy in the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5 back to the lead bismuth storage tank 1 after the test is finished;
The reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 is a main component device of the test system, has the same structure as the actual structure of the reactor core upper cavity and is used for simulating the thermal stratification of the lead-bismuth reactor coolant, and the outer wall surface is provided with uniformly wound electric heating wires so as to control the internal temperature of the reactor core upper cavity simulator; the reactor core upper structure simulators with different sizes are arranged in the reactor core upper cavity simulators 4, so that specific requirements of subsequent experiments on the structures of the different reactor core upper cavity simulators 4 are met; a plurality of groups of thermocouples are arranged in the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4, so that the temperature field change in the upper reactor core chamber simulator is measured; in the experimental process, the lead-bismuth alloy in the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4 is provided by a lead-bismuth container 5, and the whole experimental loop runs in an open loop; in open loop operation, the duration of the test is limited by the volume of liquid lead bismuth alloy available in the lead bismuth vessel 5 and the corresponding flow rate; in the test process, the lead-bismuth alloy in the reactor core upper chamber simulator 4 flows back into the lead-bismuth storage tank 1 through the left outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 109 and the right outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 110 at the outlets on the left side and the right side, so that lead-bismuth collection is completed, and the subsequent storage is convenient;
The outer wall surface of the lead bismuth container 5 is provided with uniformly wound electric heating wires, and the temperature inside the lead bismuth container is controlled after the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth storage tank 1 is injected; the lead bismuth container 5 is connected with the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4 and is used as a supply container of lead bismuth alloy required by the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4 in the experimental process, and the whole experimental process is completed in a matched manner; when the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth container 5 is completely discharged, the test is ended;
The test system is connected with the power distribution system and the data acquisition system, the power distribution system provides electric energy required by the test system for experiments, and the data acquisition system monitors and records relevant parameters of the experimental process in real time.
Preferably, a detachable flange cover is assembled at the upper end of the upper core cavity simulator 4, so that upper core structure simulators with different sizes can be conveniently installed in the upper core cavity simulator 4.
Preferably, the rear end of the first flowmeter 201 is divided into three paths and connected to the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4, the first branch is sequentially connected to the third lead bismuth stop valve 103, the second flowmeter 202 and the first lead bismuth solenoid valve 106, the second branch is sequentially connected to the fourth lead bismuth stop valve 104, the third flowmeter 203 and the second lead bismuth solenoid valve 107, the third branch is sequentially connected to the fifth lead bismuth stop valve 105, the fourth flowmeter 204 and the third lead bismuth solenoid valve 108, wherein the flow of each branch is controlled by the opening of the third lead bismuth stop valve 103, the fourth lead bismuth stop valve 104 and the fifth lead bismuth stop valve 105, and the first lead bismuth solenoid valve 106, the second lead bismuth solenoid valve 107 and the third lead bismuth solenoid valve 108 are rapidly injected into corresponding upper reactor core structure simulators in the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4 through the characteristic of quick opening and quick closing.
Preferably, the above-core cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth vessel 5 are externally wrapped with insulation to ensure adiabatic boundary conditions.
The test method of the lead-bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system comprises the steps of 1) heating lead-bismuth alloy to a temperature required by a test through a lead-bismuth storage tank 1 before the test; 2) Introducing argon into the test loop through an argon buffer tank 3, and discharging air of the test loop; 3) Opening the first lead bismuth stop valve 101 and the second lead bismuth stop valve 102 to charge lead bismuth into the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5 respectively; 4) Closing the first lead bismuth stop valve 101 and the second lead bismuth stop valve 102, and respectively heating the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4, the lead bismuth container 5 and the loop pipeline valve to the temperature required by the test working condition;
In the pre-test process, 1) opening each branch lead-bismuth stop valve and a lead-bismuth electromagnetic valve, and adjusting the opening degree of each branch lead-bismuth stop valve through the indication feedback of each branch flowmeter to enable the flow of the inlet of the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 to be in accordance with the flow required by the test working condition; 2) After the flow is calibrated, the opening degree of each branch lead-bismuth stop valve is kept unchanged, the left outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 109 and the right outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 110 are closed, each branch lead-bismuth electromagnetic valve is closed, lead-bismuth is replenished for the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4 and the lead-bismuth container 5, and meanwhile, the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4, the lead-bismuth container 5, the loop pipeline valve and the like are reheated to the temperature required by the test working condition;
In the experimental stage, each branch lead-bismuth electromagnetic valve is opened, the left outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 109 and the right outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 110 are opened, the flow of the electromagnetic pump 2 is regulated, the power of an electric heating wire is regulated, the change condition of the temperature field in the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 in the experimental process is obtained through the thermocouple record arranged in the upper reactor cavity simulator 4, and the experimental data of the upper reactor cavity coolant thermal stratification process simulated by the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 is obtained.
Preferably, the top of the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 and the top of the lead bismuth container 5 are respectively pressurized by argon so as to ensure a pure gas atmosphere in the container.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system and method, the structural design of the reactor core upper cavity simulator is the same as the real structure of the reactor core upper cavity, the experimental working medium adopts lead bismuth fluid which is the same as the coolant in the lead bismuth reactor to carry out experiments, the temperature and flow setting in the experimental process are similar to the real working condition of the reactor, and the experimental result can be used in engineering practice to a great extent;
According to the lead-bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system and method, researches on different temperatures and different flow conditions in the lead-bismuth reactor can be realized through feedback of the flowmeter, the cooperation control mechanism of each valve and power control of the electric heating wire, and thermal stratification phenomena under various actual conditions such as normal operation conditions, non-protection current loss accident conditions, protection current loss accident conditions and the like in the lead-bismuth reactor can be reproduced, so that commonality and dissimilarity of thermal stratification evolution mechanisms under different conditions of the lead-bismuth reactor are obtained;
According to the lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system and method, the detachable flange cover is arranged at the upper end of the reactor core upper cavity simulator, so that the flexibility of the reactor core upper cavity simulator structure is greatly improved, and the upper structure simulators with different sizes are arranged in the reactor core upper cavity simulator through the detachable flange cover, so that specific requirements of experiments on different reactor core upper cavity simulator structures can be met, and guidance is provided for the design of the reactor core upper cavity structure of the lead bismuth reactor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the thermocouple arrangement inside the in-core cavity simulator.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures and examples:
As shown in fig. 1, the lead-bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system of the invention comprises a lead-bismuth storage tank 1, an electromagnetic pump 2, an argon buffer tank 3, an upper reactor core chamber simulator 4, a lead-bismuth container 5, pipeline valves and the like; the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 is a main component device of the test system, is connected with the lead bismuth container 5 through a pipeline, forms an open circuit system when an experiment is carried out, and injects lead bismuth in the lead bismuth container 5 into the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 at different flow rates and temperatures according to specific requirements of different working conditions of the experiment, so that a lead bismuth thermal stratification experiment is completed.
A certain amount of lead-bismuth alloy is stored in the lead-bismuth storage tank 1, and uniformly wound electric heating wires are arranged on the outer wall surface of the lead-bismuth storage tank, so that the temperature in the lead-bismuth storage tank is controlled; the lead bismuth storage tank 1 is connected with the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 through a first lead bismuth stop valve 101, and the lead bismuth storage tank 1 is connected with the lead bismuth container 5 through a second lead bismuth stop valve 102 to provide lead bismuth alloy required by the test process for the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4, the lead bismuth container 5 and corresponding pipelines.
The electromagnetic pump 2 is positioned between the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5, and is connected with the first flowmeter 201, and is used for adjusting the size of a flow loop, and controlling the flow rate of the lead bismuth in the experimental process by changing the interaction size of the magnetic field and the current in the conductive fluid.
The front end of the argon buffer tank 3 is connected with an argon bottle 301; the argon buffer tank 3 is connected with the lead bismuth tank 1 and provides the pressure required for injecting the lead bismuth alloy into the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5; the argon buffer tank 3 is connected with the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5, provides inert gas environment inside the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5, and plays a role of discharging the residual lead bismuth alloy in the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5 back to the lead bismuth storage tank 1 after the test is finished.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 is a main component device in the test system, has the same structure as the upper reactor cavity of the lead-bismuth reactor, and is used for simulating the thermal stratification of the coolant of the lead-bismuth reactor, and the outer wall surface is provided with uniformly-wound electric heating wires so as to control the internal temperature of the upper reactor cavity simulator; the upper end of the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4 is provided with a detachable flange cover, so that upper reactor core structure simulators with different sizes can be conveniently installed in the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4, and the specific requirements of subsequent experiments on the structures of different upper reactor core cavity simulators 4 are met; a plurality of groups of thermocouples are arranged in the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4, so that the purpose of measuring the temperature field change in the reactor core upper cavity simulator is achieved. During the experiment, the lead bismuth alloy inside the in-core cavity simulator 4 was provided by the lead bismuth vessel 5, and the entire experimental loop was operated as an open loop. In open loop operation, the duration of the test is limited by the volume of liquid lead bismuth alloy available in the lead bismuth vessel 5 and the corresponding flow rate. In the test process, the lead-bismuth alloy in the reactor core upper chamber simulator 4 flows back into the lead-bismuth storage tank 1 through the left outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 109 and the right outlet lead-bismuth stop valve 110 at the left side outlet and the right side outlet, so that the collection of lead-bismuth is completed, and the subsequent storage is convenient.
The outer wall surface of the lead bismuth container 5 is provided with uniformly wound electric heating wires, and the temperature inside the lead bismuth container is controlled after the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth storage tank 1 is injected. The lead bismuth container 5 is connected with the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4 and is used as a supply container of lead bismuth alloy required in the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4 in the test process, and the whole test flow is completed in a matched mode. When the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth container 5 is drained, the test is also ended.
The test system is connected with the power distribution system and the data acquisition system, the power distribution system provides electric energy required by the test system in the experimental process, and the data acquisition system monitors and records relevant parameters in the experimental process in real time.
The test method of the lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system is exemplified by a reactor core upper cavity simulator comprising three branches: prior to the experiment, 1) heating the lead bismuth alloy to the temperature required for the experiment through a lead bismuth tank 1; 2) Introducing argon into the test loop through an argon buffer tank 3, and discharging air in the test loop; 3) Opening a first lead bismuth stop valve 101 and a second lead bismuth stop valve 102 to charge lead bismuth into the reactor core upper cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5 respectively; 4) The first lead bismuth stop valve 101 and the second lead bismuth stop valve 102 are closed, and the upper reactor cavity simulator 4, the lead bismuth container 5, the loop pipeline valve and the like are respectively heated to the temperatures required by test working conditions. In the pre-experiment process, 1) opening a third lead bismuth stop valve 103, a fourth lead bismuth stop valve 104, a fifth lead bismuth stop valve 105, a left outlet lead bismuth stop valve 109 and a right outlet lead bismuth stop valve 110, opening a first lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 106, a second lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 107 and a third lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 108, and adjusting the opening of the third lead bismuth stop valve 103, the fourth lead bismuth stop valve 104 and the fifth lead bismuth stop valve 105 through the feedback of the readings of the first flowmeter 201, the second flowmeter 202, the third flowmeter 203 and the fourth flowmeter 204 to enable the flow of the inlet of the upper reactor core cavity simulator 4 to meet the flow required by the test working condition; 2) After the flow is calibrated, the opening degrees of the third lead bismuth stop valve 103, the fourth lead bismuth stop valve 104 and the fifth lead bismuth stop valve 105 are kept unchanged, the left outlet lead bismuth stop valve 109 and the right outlet lead bismuth stop valve 110 are closed, the first lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 106, the second lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 107 and the third lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 108 are closed, the upper reactor cavity simulator 4 and the lead bismuth container 5 are replenished with lead bismuth, and meanwhile, the upper reactor cavity simulator 4, the lead bismuth container 5, the loop pipeline valve and the like are reheated to the temperatures required by test working conditions. In the experimental stage, a first lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 106, a second lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 107 and a third lead bismuth electromagnetic valve 108 are opened, a left outlet lead bismuth stop valve 109 and a right outlet lead bismuth stop valve 110 are opened, the flow of the electromagnetic pump 2 is regulated, the power of an electric heating wire is regulated, the change condition of a temperature field in the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4 in the experimental process is obtained through the thermocouple record arranged in the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4, and the experimental data of the upper reactor core chamber coolant thermal stratification process simulated by the upper reactor core chamber simulator 4 is obtained.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific test protocols, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments so that a simple deduction or substitution may be made by a practitioner of the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, all of which are regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system is characterized in that: the device comprises a lead-bismuth storage tank (1), an electromagnetic pump (2), an argon buffer tank (3), an upper reactor core chamber simulator (4), a lead-bismuth container (5) and a pipeline valve; the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) is connected with the lead bismuth container (5) through a pipeline to form an open circuit system for test, and the lead bismuth in the lead bismuth container (5) is injected into the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) at different flow rates and temperatures according to specific requirements of different working conditions of the test;
A certain amount of lead-bismuth alloy is stored in the lead-bismuth storage tank (1), and uniformly wound electric heating wires are arranged on the outer wall surface of the lead-bismuth storage tank, so that the temperature in the lead-bismuth storage tank is controlled; the lead-bismuth storage tank (1) is connected with the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) through a first lead-bismuth stop valve (101), the lead-bismuth storage tank (1) is connected with the lead-bismuth container (5) through a second lead-bismuth stop valve (102), and lead-bismuth alloy required in the test process is provided for the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4), the lead-bismuth container (5) and corresponding pipelines;
The electromagnetic pump (2) is positioned between the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) and the lead bismuth container (5) and is connected with the first flowmeter (201) for adjusting the flow of lead bismuth;
The front end of the argon buffer tank (3) is connected with an argon bottle (301); the argon buffer tank (3) is connected with the lead-bismuth storage tank (1) and provides the pressure required by injecting lead-bismuth alloy into the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) and the lead-bismuth container (5); the argon buffer tank (3) is connected with the upper reactor core chamber simulator (4) and the lead bismuth container (5), provides inert gas environment in the upper reactor core chamber simulator (4) and the lead bismuth container (5), and simultaneously plays a role of discharging the residual lead bismuth alloy in the upper reactor core chamber simulator (4) and the lead bismuth container (5) back to the lead bismuth storage tank (1) after the test is finished;
The reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) is a main component device of the test system, has the same structure as the actual structure of the reactor core upper cavity of the lead-bismuth reactor, and is used for simulating the thermal stratification of the coolant of the lead-bismuth reactor, and the outer wall surface is provided with uniformly wound electric heating wires so as to control the internal temperature of the reactor core upper cavity simulator; the reactor core upper structure simulators with different sizes are arranged in the reactor core upper cavity simulators (4), so that the specific requirements of subsequent experiments on the structures of the different reactor core upper cavity simulators (4) are met; a plurality of groups of thermocouples are arranged in the upper reactor core chamber simulator (4) to realize the measurement of the temperature field change in the upper reactor core chamber simulator; in the experimental process, the lead-bismuth alloy in the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) is provided by a lead-bismuth container (5), and the whole experimental loop runs in an open loop; in open loop operation, the duration of the test is limited by the volume of liquid lead bismuth alloy available in the lead bismuth vessel (5) and the corresponding flow rate; in the test process, the lead-bismuth alloy in the reactor core upper chamber simulator (4) flows back into the lead-bismuth storage tank (1) through a left outlet lead-bismuth stop valve (109) and a right outlet lead-bismuth stop valve (110) at the outlets of the left side and the right side, so that lead-bismuth collection is completed, and the subsequent storage is facilitated;
The outer wall surface of the lead bismuth container (5) is provided with uniformly wound electric heating wires, and the temperature inside the lead bismuth container is controlled after the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth storage tank (1) is injected; the lead bismuth container (5) is connected with the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) and is used as a supply container of lead bismuth alloy required by the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) in the experimental process, and the whole experimental process is completed in a matched manner; after the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth container (5) is completely discharged, the test is ended;
The test system is connected with the power distribution system and the data acquisition system, the power distribution system provides electric energy required by the test system for experiments, and the data acquisition system monitors and records relevant parameters of the experimental process in real time.
2. The lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system of claim 1, wherein: the detachable flange cover is assembled at the upper end of the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4), so that reactor core upper structure simulators with different sizes can be conveniently installed in the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4).
3. The lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system of claim 1, wherein: the rear end of the first flowmeter (201) is divided into three paths to be connected with an upper reactor core cavity simulator (4), the first branch is sequentially connected with a third lead bismuth stop valve (103), a second flowmeter (202) and a first lead bismuth electromagnetic valve (106), the second branch is sequentially connected with a fourth lead bismuth stop valve (104), a third flowmeter (203) and a second lead bismuth electromagnetic valve (107), the third branch is sequentially connected with a fifth lead bismuth stop valve (105), a fourth flowmeter (204) and a third lead bismuth electromagnetic valve (108), the third lead bismuth stop valve (103), the fourth lead bismuth stop valve (104) and the fifth lead bismuth stop valve (105) are used for controlling the flow of each branch by adjusting the opening, and the first lead bismuth electromagnetic valve (106), the second lead bismuth electromagnetic valve (107) and the third lead bismuth electromagnetic valve (108) are used for realizing the function of rapidly injecting lead bismuth of each branch into a corresponding upper reactor core structure simulator (4) through the characteristic of quick opening and quick closing.
4. The lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system of claim 1, wherein: and the upper reactor core cavity simulator (4) and the lead bismuth container (5) are externally wrapped with heat insulation layers so as to ensure heat insulation boundary conditions.
5. A test method of a lead bismuth reactor coolant thermal stratification test system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by: before the test, 1) heating the lead-bismuth alloy to the temperature required by the test through a lead-bismuth storage tank (1); 2) Argon is introduced into the test loop through an argon buffer tank (3), and air of the test loop is discharged; 3) Opening a first lead-bismuth stop valve (101) and a second lead-bismuth stop valve (102) to charge lead-bismuth into the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) and the lead-bismuth container (5) respectively; 4) Closing a first lead bismuth stop valve (101) and a second lead bismuth stop valve (102), and respectively heating an upper reactor core cavity simulator (4), a lead bismuth container (5) and a loop pipeline valve to the temperature required by the test working condition;
In the pre-test process, 1) opening each branch lead-bismuth stop valve and a lead-bismuth electromagnetic valve, and adjusting the opening of each branch lead-bismuth stop valve (by indicating feedback of each branch flowmeter, so that the flow of the inlet of the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) accords with the flow required by the test working condition; 2) After the flow is calibrated, the opening degree of each branch lead-bismuth stop valve is kept unchanged, a left outlet lead-bismuth stop valve (109) and a right outlet lead-bismuth stop valve (110) are closed, each branch lead-bismuth electromagnetic valve is closed, lead-bismuth is replenished for the upper reactor core chamber simulator (4) and the lead-bismuth container (5), and meanwhile, the upper reactor core chamber simulator (4), the lead-bismuth container (5), the loop pipeline valve and the like are reheated to the temperature required by the test working condition;
In the experimental stage, each branch lead-bismuth electromagnetic valve is opened, a left outlet lead-bismuth stop valve (109) and a right outlet lead-bismuth stop valve (110) are opened, the flow of an electromagnetic pump (2) is regulated, the power of an electric heating wire is regulated, the change condition of a temperature field in the upper reactor cavity simulator (4) in the reactor core in the experimental process is obtained through the thermocouple record arranged in the upper reactor cavity simulator (4), and the experimental data of the upper reactor core cavity coolant thermal stratification process simulated by the upper reactor cavity simulator (4) are obtained.
6. The assay method of claim 5, wherein: the top of the reactor core upper cavity simulator (4) and the top of the lead bismuth container (5) are respectively pressurized by argon so as to ensure the pure gas atmosphere in the container.
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