CN118131716A - Machining allowance assessment and optimization method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Machining allowance assessment and optimization method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118131716A CN118131716A CN202410534020.0A CN202410534020A CN118131716A CN 118131716 A CN118131716 A CN 118131716A CN 202410534020 A CN202410534020 A CN 202410534020A CN 118131716 A CN118131716 A CN 118131716A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- machining allowance
- theoretical
- measurement point
- machining
- allowance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 354
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013386 optimize process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Numerical Control (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a machining allowance evaluation and optimization method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, and is used for solving the problem of low machining allowance evaluation precision of parts to be machined. The method comprises the following steps: aiming at any theoretical measuring point in a theoretical measuring point set of a part to be processed, calculating a directional distance from an actual measuring point corresponding to the any theoretical measuring point to a local theoretical plane of the any theoretical measuring point, and taking the directional distance as the machining allowance of the any theoretical measuring point; determining whether the machining allowance meets a preset machining allowance constraint condition; and if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function. Therefore, the machining allowance evaluation can be obviously more convenient, accurate and quick, and the evaluation accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, and provides a machining allowance evaluation and optimization method, device and equipment and a storage medium.
Background
It is well known that part blanks of complex structures are often formed near net shape using techniques such as casting, forging, additive manufacturing, and the like, and then machined by numerically controlled machine tools. In order to save materials and reduce machining amount, machining allowance after blank forming is generally changed greatly, and accuracy is relatively low. In addition, if pose deviation exists between the blank and the theoretical model after the blank is clamped, partial machining allowance is easy to be insufficient. Therefore, after the blank clamping is completed, the actual shape of the part needs to be detected, and the machining allowance needs to be accurately estimated and rapidly optimized so as to ensure that the machining allowance is enough and uniform.
However, in the prior art, computer-aided design (Computer-AIDED DESIGN, CAD) software or Computer-aided manufacturing (Computer-Aided Manufacturing, CAM) software is often relied on to obtain the outline point cloud of the blank, then the blank point cloud is compared with a theoretical model of a part to evaluate the machining allowance, and finally the machining posture of the blank is adjusted to enable the machining allowance distribution of the blank to be more uniform and reasonable, but the calculation amount is larger, the on-line rapid calculation is difficult to realize, and the evaluation accuracy is relatively low.
Therefore, how to improve the evaluation accuracy of the part to be processed is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a machining allowance evaluation and optimization method, a device, equipment and a storage medium, which are used for solving the problem of low machining allowance evaluation precision of a part to be machined.
In one aspect, a method for evaluating and optimizing machining allowance is provided, the method comprising:
aiming at any theoretical measuring point in a theoretical measuring point set of a part to be processed, calculating a directional distance from an actual measuring point corresponding to the any theoretical measuring point to a local theoretical plane of the any theoretical measuring point, and taking the directional distance as the machining allowance of the any theoretical measuring point;
Determining whether the machining allowance meets a preset machining allowance constraint condition;
and if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function.
Optionally, before calculating, for any one theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set of the part to be machined, a directional distance from an actual measurement point corresponding to the any one theoretical measurement point to a local theoretical plane of the any one theoretical measurement point, and taking the directional distance as a machining allowance of the any one theoretical measurement point, the method further includes:
Performing discrete treatment on the theoretical model of the part to be processed to obtain the theoretical measurement point set;
measuring the blank of the part to be processed according to the theoretical measurement point set to obtain an actual measurement point set; wherein each actual measurement point in the actual measurement point set corresponds to each theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set one by one.
Optionally, after determining whether the machining allowance meets a preset machining allowance constraint condition, the method further includes:
And if the machining allowance meets the preset machining allowance constraint condition, determining that the machining allowance of any theoretical measuring point is not required to be optimized.
Optionally, if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, optimizing an objective function according to the constructed machining allowance, and optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point, including:
if the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing the machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimization of the square sum of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
Optionally, if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, optimizing an objective function according to the constructed machining allowance, and optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point, including:
If the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing the machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimum maximum value of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
Optionally, if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, optimizing an objective function according to the constructed machining allowance, and optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point, including:
If the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing the machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimum maximization of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
Optionally, after the optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimizing objective function if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, the method further includes:
According to the optimized machining allowance of the part to be machined, adjusting a theoretical model of the part to be machined to obtain an adjusted theoretical model of the part to be machined;
according to the theoretical model of the part to be machined after adjustment, programming a machining program of the part to be machined, adjusting the machining program of the part to be machined, setting a complete machine bed machining coordinate system of the part to be machined or adjusting the complete machine bed machining coordinate system of the part to be machined.
In one aspect, there is provided a machining allowance assessment and optimization apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
The machining allowance calculation unit is used for calculating the directional distance from the actual measurement point corresponding to any theoretical measurement point to the local theoretical plane of the any theoretical measurement point aiming at any theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set of the part to be machined, and taking the directional distance as the machining allowance of the any theoretical measurement point;
a constraint condition determining unit, configured to determine whether the machining allowance meets a preset machining allowance constraint condition;
And the machining allowance optimization unit is used for optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function if the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition.
In one aspect, an electronic device is provided that includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing any of the methods described above when executing the computer program.
In one aspect, a computer storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement any of the methods described above.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
In the embodiment of the application, when the machining allowance is evaluated and optimized, firstly, aiming at any theoretical measuring point in a theoretical measuring point set of a part to be machined, the directional distance between an actual measuring point corresponding to any theoretical measuring point and a local theoretical plane of any theoretical measuring point can be calculated, and the directional distance is used as the machining allowance of any theoretical measuring point; then, whether the machining allowance meets the preset machining allowance constraint condition or not can be determined; finally, if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, the machining allowance of any theoretical measuring point can be optimized according to the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function. Therefore, in the embodiment of the application, since the part theoretical model is approximated by the theoretical measuring points and the local theoretical plane constructed by the normal vector thereof and the machining allowance is estimated by the directional distance from the actual measuring points to the local theoretical plane, compared with the prior art of directly estimating the machining allowance by the directional distance between the point clouds, the machining allowance estimation method and the machining allowance estimation device obviously can enable the machining allowance estimation to be more convenient, accurate and quick and have higher estimation precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the related technical descriptions will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a process margin evaluation and optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical model of a part to be processed according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 1 according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical measurement point set and a theoretical normal vector set according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a local theoretical plane provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of theoretical measurement points and actual measurement points before margin optimization according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of spatial distribution of machining allowance before optimization according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a process margin distribution of theoretical measurement points before optimization according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of theoretical measurement points and actual measurement points after margin optimization according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an optimized spatial distribution of machining allowance according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the optimized machining allowance distribution of each theoretical measurement point according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 2 according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 14 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 3 according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a machining allowance evaluation and optimization device according to an embodiment of the present application.
The marks in the figure: 10-machining allowance evaluation and optimization equipment, 101-processor, 102-memory, 103-I/O interface, 104-database, 150-machining allowance evaluation and optimization device, 1501-machining allowance calculation unit, 1502-constraint condition determination unit, 1503-machining allowance optimization unit, 1504-measurement point set acquisition unit, 1505-program and machine tool adjustment unit.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application. Embodiments of the application and features of the embodiments may be combined with one another arbitrarily without conflict. Also, while a logical order is depicted in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps depicted or described may be performed in a different order than presented herein.
In the existing part blank machining allowance evaluation technology, machining allowance is often evaluated by comparing the blank appearance point cloud with a theoretical model of a part, so that machining postures of the blank are adjusted through the machining allowance, and the blank machining allowance distribution is more uniform and reasonable, but the calculated amount of the existing technology is larger, quick online calculation is difficult to achieve, and the evaluation accuracy is relatively low. Based on the above, the embodiment of the application provides a machining allowance evaluation and optimization method, in the method, a part theoretical model is approximated by a theoretical measuring point and a local theoretical plane constructed by a normal vector of the theoretical measuring point, and the machining allowance is evaluated by a directional distance from an actual measuring point to the local theoretical plane, so that compared with the prior art, the machining allowance evaluation method provided by the application can obviously make the machining allowance evaluation more convenient, accurate and quick, and has higher evaluation precision.
After the design idea of the embodiment of the present application is introduced, some simple descriptions are made below for application scenarios applicable to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that the application scenarios described below are only used for illustrating the embodiment of the present application and are not limiting. In the specific implementation process, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can be flexibly applied according to actual needs.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application. The machining allowance evaluation and optimization apparatus 10 may be included in the application scenario.
The machining allowance evaluation and optimization apparatus 10 may be used to evaluate and optimize machining allowance of a part to be machined, for example, a personal computer (Personal Computer, PC), a server, a portable computer, etc. The machine tool balance assessment and optimization apparatus 10 may include one or more processors 101, memory 102, I/O interfaces 103, and a database 104. In particular, the processor 101 may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), or a digital processing unit, or the like. The memory 102 may be a volatile memory (RAM), such as a random-access memory (RAM); the memory 102 may also be a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as a read-only memory (rom), a flash memory (flash memory), a hard disk (HARD DISK DRIVE, HDD) or a solid state disk (solid-state drive (STATE DRIVE, SSD); or memory 102, is any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to such. The memory 102 may be a combination of the above. The memory 102 may store part of program instructions of the machining allowance evaluation and optimization method provided by the embodiment of the present application, where the program instructions, when executed by the processor 101, can be used to implement the steps of the machining allowance evaluation and optimization method provided by the embodiment of the present application, so as to solve the problem of low precision of machining allowance evaluation of a part to be machined. The database 104 may be used to store data such as a theoretical model, a theoretical measurement point set, an actual measurement point set, a machining allowance constraint condition, and a machining allowance optimization objective function of a part to be machined, which are related in the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application.
In the embodiment of the present application, the machining allowance evaluation and optimization device 10 may acquire the theoretical model of the part to be machined through the I/O interface 103, and then the processor 101 of the machining allowance evaluation and optimization device 10 may improve the evaluation accuracy of the part to be machined according to the program instructions of the machining allowance evaluation and optimization method provided by the embodiment of the present application in the memory 102. In addition, data such as a theoretical model, a theoretical measurement point set, an actual measurement point set, a machining allowance constraint condition, a machining allowance optimization objective function, and the like of the part to be machined may be stored in the database 104.
Of course, the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is not limited to the application scenario shown in fig. 1, but may be used in other possible application scenarios, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited. The functions that can be implemented by each device in the application scenario shown in fig. 1 will be described together in the following method embodiments, which are not described in detail herein. The method according to the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic flow chart of a process margin evaluation and optimization method according to an embodiment of the present application may be implemented by the process margin evaluation and optimization apparatus 10 in fig. 1, and in particular, the flow chart of the method is described below.
Step 201: and aiming at any theoretical measuring point in the theoretical measuring point set of the part to be processed, calculating the directional distance between the actual measuring point corresponding to any theoretical measuring point and the local theoretical plane of any theoretical measuring point, and taking the directional distance as the machining allowance of any theoretical measuring point.
In practical use, due to the vast majority of theoretical measurement pointsAnd the actual measurement points/>There is a great gap between the two, i.e. the current parts to be machined do not yet very well meet the intended effect. Therefore, in order to improve the machining allowance/>, of the part to be machinedIn the embodiment of the application, the actual measurement points/>, are used for decisionTo the local theoretical plane/>As the theoretical measurement point/>Machining allowance at/>。
Specifically, a theoretical measurement point set for a part to be processedAny one of the theoretical measurement points/>By calculating the theoretical measurement point/>Corresponding actual measurement Point/>To any one of the theoretical measurement points/>Local theoretical plane/>As the directed distance of any one theoretical measurement point/>Machining allowance/>. And then, by analogy, the machining allowance at all theoretical measurement points can be calculated, and the machining allowance state of the part blank can be estimated. And the calculation essence of the machining allowance is the directed distance from the point to the plane and is a linear function of the differential motion quantity of the pose adjustment of the theoretical model, so that the method is convenient, accurate and quick to solve, and compared with the prior art of directly estimating the machining allowance by the directed distance between point clouds, the method has the advantages that the machining allowance estimation is more convenient, accurate and quick, and the estimation precision is higher.
Step 202: and determining whether the machining allowance meets a preset machining allowance constraint condition.
In the embodiment of the application, the allowance distribution requirement at each measuring point is not the same in the partial processing scene, so that the method can aim at each theoretical measuring pointSetting respective machining allowance tolerance/>I.e. this theoretical measurement point/>The machining allowance of the part needs to meet the constraint condition shown in the following formula (1):
（1）
Wherein, For the actual measuring point/>To the local theoretical plane/>Is a directional distance of (2).
Step 203: and if the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function.
In the embodiment of the application, the part blank can meet the machining allowance constraint condition by adjusting the position and the gesture of the theoretical model so as to finish the optimization of the machining allowance.
In particular, adjusting the position and attitude of the theoretical model may be accomplished by differential motionTo express, wherein,/>Representing differential translation,/>Representing differential rotation. Further, an optimal pose matrix of the theoretical model shown in the following formula (2) may be constructed:
（2）
based on this, after the position and posture of the theoretical model are adjusted, the local theoretical plane can be adopted Expressed, actual measurement points/>To the local theoretical plane/>The directed distance of (a) may be employed/>Representing, of course,/>And the machining allowance of the part blank after the position and the posture of the theoretical model are adjusted.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, if it is determined that the machining allowance does not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, according to different machining allowance distribution requirements, different machining allowance optimization objective functions may be configured to optimize the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point, specifically:
(1) If the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, and when the machining allowance needs to be uniformly distributed, the machining allowance optimization objective function can be constructed according to the square sum minimization of the machining allowance. Wherein the process margin optimization objective function can be expressed by the following formula (3):
（3）
then, the objective function can be optimized according to the machining allowance To measure the point/>, for any theoryAnd the machining allowance of the die is optimized.
(2) If the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, and when the maximum value of the machining allowance is required to be as small as possible, the machining allowance optimization objective function can be constructed according to the minimum value of the machining allowance. Wherein the process margin optimization objective function can be expressed by the following formula (4):
（4）
then, the objective function can be optimized according to the machining allowance To measure the point/>, for any theoryAnd the machining allowance of the die is optimized.
(3) If the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, and when the minimum value of the machining allowance needs to be as large as possible, the machining allowance optimization objective function can be constructed according to the maximization of the minimum value of the machining allowance. Wherein the process margin optimization objective function can be expressed by the following formula (5):
（5）
then, the objective function can be optimized according to the machining allowance To measure the point/>, for any theoryAnd the machining allowance of the die is optimized.
Furthermore, by solving the above-mentioned formulas (3), (4) or (5), the optimal position of the theoretical model of the part to be processed can be obtainedAnd gesture/>Outputting the optimal pose matrix/>To further effectively solve the problem of different processing allowance distribution requirements.
In one possible implementation, after optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point, the machining allowance can be based on the optimal pose matrixAnd adjusting the theoretical model of the part to be processed so that the part to be processed subsequently meets the preset machining allowance constraint condition.
Specifically, the theoretical model of the part to be processed can be adjusted according to a plurality of machining allowance after the part to be processed is optimized, so as to obtain the theoretical model after the part to be processed is adjusted; then, the processing program of the part to be processed can be programmed or adjusted according to the theoretical model after the adjustment of the part to be processed, i.e. the processing program of the part to be processed can be adjusted according to the optimal pose matrixTo program or adjust the machining program of the part to be machined.
Or the whole machine tool processing coordinate system of the part to be processed can be set according to the theoretical model after the adjustment of the part to be processed, namely, the inverse matrix of the optimal pose matrix can be usedThe machining coordinate system of the whole machine tool of the part to be machined is set or adjusted to ensure that the machining allowance distribution of the part blank meets the requirement, thereby achieving the aim of optimizing the machining allowance. In addition, the method gets rid of the dependence on CAD/CAM software, and can be applied to process end machining programming and setting and adjusting of a manufacturing end machining coordinate system, so that machining allowance evaluation and optimization are more convenient and flexible.
In one possible implementation manner, before the directional distance from the actual measurement point corresponding to any theoretical measurement point to the local theoretical plane of any theoretical measurement point is calculated for any theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set of the part to be processed, the theoretical measurement point set and the actual measurement point set may also be obtained. Specifically, in the embodiment of the application, the theoretical measurement point set can be obtained by performing discrete processing on the theoretical model of the part to be processed, and then, according to the theoretical measurement point set, the blank of the part to be processed can be measured to obtain the actual measurement point set. Wherein, each actual measurement point in the actual measurement point set corresponds to each theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set one by one.
In practical application, the theoretical measuring points can be extracted from the outer surface of the theoretical model of the part to be processedAnd the theoretical measurement point/>Normal vector at (normal vector)/>To form a theoretical measurement point setAnd theoretical normal vector set/>Where N represents the number of measurement points.
Further, the theoretical measurement point can be assumedIs a point on a plane, and the theoretical measurement point/>Normal vector/>, of the siteTheoretical measurement points/>, are constructed as normal vectors to the planeCorresponding local theoretical plane/>And so on, the local theoretical planes corresponding to all theoretical measurement points can be obtained, so that a local theoretical plane set corresponding to the part to be processed is formed. In the embodiment of the application, the machining allowance is evaluated and optimized by using the theoretical model of the part approximated by the local theoretical plane in the follow-up.
Based on this, the theoretical measurement point can be measured by an off-line measurement device or an on-line measurement deviceMeasuring the part blank to obtain a theoretical measuring point/>Corresponding actual measurement Point/>By analogy, the actual measurement points corresponding to all theoretical measurement points can be obtained, thereby forming an actual measurement point set/>。
In one possible embodiment, after determining whether the machining allowance meets the preset machining allowance constraint condition, if it is determined that the machining allowance meets the preset machining allowance constraint condition, that is, the machining allowance of all theoretical measurement points of the part to be machined currently meets the preset machining allowance constraint condition, it is determined that the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point may not need to be optimized.
Specific example 1:
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a theoretical model of a part to be machined according to an embodiment of the present application is provided, it is assumed that the part to be machined is a part a, and a machining allowance tolerance corresponding to the part a is [1.9,2.1] mm, and in addition, after the machining allowance of the part a is optimized, the machining allowance distribution of the part a is "as uniform as possible". As shown in fig. 4, a schematic flow chart of embodiment 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the method may be performed by the machining allowance assessment and optimization apparatus 10 in fig. 1, and in particular, the flow chart of the method is described as follows.
Step 401: and dispersing the theoretical model of the part A, and constructing a local theoretical plane of the part A.
In an embodiment of the present application, a theoretical model of part a may be introduced into the machining allowance assessment and optimization apparatus 10, as shown in fig. 3. Then 787 theoretical measurement points and normals at each theoretical measurement point can be extracted from the outer surface of the part a, so as to form a theoretical measurement point set and a theoretical normal vector set, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of the theoretical measurement point set and the theoretical normal vector set provided by the embodiment of the application.
Further, by theoretical measuring pointsTo a point on a local theoretical plane, the theoretical measurement point/>, is cutThe normal vector at the position is the normal vector of the local theoretical plane to construct theoretical measurement points/>As shown in fig. 6, is a schematic diagram of a local theoretical plane provided by an embodiment of the present application, and so on, thereby forming a local theoretical plane set of the part a.
Step 402: and measuring the blank of the part A to obtain an actual measurement point set of the part A.
In the embodiment of the present application, the blank of the part a may be measured according to each theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set described in step 401 by an offline measurement device or an on-machine measurement device, so as to obtain an actual measurement point corresponding to each theoretical measurement point, so as to finally form an actual measurement point set, as shown in fig. 7, which is a schematic diagram of the theoretical measurement point and the actual measurement point before the margin optimization provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Step 403: the machining allowance of the part a was evaluated.
In the embodiment of the application, the method aims at any theoretical measuring pointBy calculating the theoretical measurement point/>Corresponding actual measurement Point/>To any one of the theoretical measurement points/>Directed distance/>, of corresponding local theoretical planeTo determine the theoretical measurement point/>The machining allowance is shown in fig. 8, which is a schematic diagram of spatial distribution of the machining allowance before optimization provided by the embodiment of the application. Based on this, the process margin distribution along each theoretical measurement point can be obtained, as shown in fig. 9, which is a schematic diagram of the process margin distribution of each theoretical measurement point before optimization provided in the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen from fig. 9 that the process margin distribution of the blank of the part a is very uneven, where the minimum process margin is-1.67 mm and the maximum process margin is 5.56mm.
Step 404: and setting the machining allowance constraint condition of the part A.
In the embodiment of the application, since the allowance distribution requirements at each theoretical measurement point are the same, that is, the allowance tolerance set by each theoretical measurement point is [1.9,2.1] mm, and further, the allowance distribution requirements are the same for the theoretical measurement pointsThe machining allowance of the part needs to meet the machining allowance constraint condition of the following formula (6):
（6）
Further, if the machining allowance analyzed in step 403 meets the constraint condition of the above formula (6), the machining allowance optimization of the part a is not required, and the process is directly finished; otherwise, go to step 405 for process margin optimization.
Step 405: and constructing a machining allowance optimization objective function of the part A according to the square sum minimization of the machining allowance, and solving the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function.
In the embodiment of the application, since the machining allowance distribution of the part a needs to be as uniform as possible, the square sum of the machining allowance can be minimized as the machining allowance optimization objective function of the part a, as shown in the following formula (7):
（7）
Further, by solving the process margin optimization objective function shown in the above formula (7) The optimal position/>, of the theoretical model of the part A can be obtainedAnd a gestureThen, the optimal pose matrix of the theoretical model shown in the following formula (8) can be output:
（8）
then, according to the optimal pose matrix The theoretical measurement point set and the theoretical normal vector set of the component a can be adjusted to obtain a theoretical measurement point set after the machining allowance is optimized, as shown in fig. 10, which is a schematic diagram of the theoretical measurement point and the actual measurement point after the allowance is optimized in the embodiment of the application. Further, for the optimized theoretical measurement point set, a process margin analysis may be performed, as shown in fig. 11, which is a schematic diagram of the optimized process margin spatial distribution provided by the embodiment of the present application, based on which a process margin distribution situation along each theoretical measurement point may be obtained, as shown in fig. 12, which is a schematic diagram of the process margin distribution of each optimized theoretical measurement point provided by the embodiment of the present application, it can be seen from fig. 12 that the process margin distribution of the blank of the part a becomes relatively uniform, where the minimum process margin is 1.901mm and the maximum process margin is 2.098mm, and it can be seen that the requirement of the process margin constraint condition has been satisfied. Therefore, the optimal pose matrix/>, can be obtainedThe theoretical model of the part A is adjusted to achieve the aim of optimizing the machining allowance, so that the satisfactory machined part is finally obtained.
Specific example 2:
The part a of example 1 is still used for illustration, and the allowance tolerance of the part a is still [1.9,2.1] mm, but the allowance distribution of the part a is changed to be "the maximum allowance value is as small as possible". As shown in fig. 13, a schematic flow chart of embodiment 2 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the method may be performed by the machining allowance assessment and optimization apparatus 10 in fig. 1, and in particular, the flow chart of the method is described as follows.
Step 1301: and dispersing the theoretical model of the part A, and constructing a local theoretical plane of the part A.
Step 1302: and measuring the blank of the part A to obtain an actual measurement point set of the part A.
Step 1303: the machining allowance of the part a was evaluated.
Step 1304: and setting the machining allowance constraint condition of the part A.
Step 1305: and constructing a machining allowance optimization objective function of the part A according to the maximum value minimization of the machining allowance, and solving the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function.
In the embodiment of the present application, since the maximum value of the machining allowance of the part a needs to be as small as possible, the maximum value of the machining allowance can be minimized as the machining allowance optimization objective function of the part a, as shown in the following formula (9):
（9）
Further, by solving the process margin optimization objective function shown in the above formula (9) The optimal position/>, of the theoretical model of the part A can be obtainedAnd a gestureThen, the optimal pose matrix of the theoretical model shown in the following formula (10) can be output:
（10）
then, according to the optimal pose matrix The theoretical measurement point set and the theoretical normal vector set of the part A can be adjusted to obtain the theoretical measurement point set after the machining allowance is optimized, and further, the maximum value of the machining allowance of the blank of the part A can be made to be as small as possible, wherein the minimum machining allowance is 1.905mm, the maximum machining allowance is 2.088mm, and therefore the requirement of the machining allowance constraint condition is met. Therefore, the optimal pose matrix/>, can be obtainedThe theoretical model of the part A is adjusted to achieve the aim of optimizing the machining allowance, so that the satisfactory machined part is finally obtained.
Specific example 3:
Part a of example 1 was still used for illustration, and the tolerance of the tooling allowance corresponding to part a was still 1.9,2.1 mm, but the tooling allowance distribution of part a was changed to "the tooling allowance minimum value was as large as possible". As shown in fig. 14, a schematic flow chart of embodiment 3 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the method may be performed by the machining allowance assessment and optimization apparatus 10 in fig. 1, and in particular, the flow chart of the method is described as follows.
Step 1401: and dispersing the theoretical model of the part A, and constructing a local theoretical plane of the part A.
Step 1402: and measuring the blank of the part A to obtain an actual measurement point set of the part A.
Step 1403: the machining allowance of the part a was evaluated.
Step 1404: and setting the machining allowance constraint condition of the part A.
Step 1405: and constructing a machining allowance optimization objective function of the part A according to the minimum maximization of the machining allowance, and solving the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function.
In the embodiment of the application, since the minimum value of the machining allowance of the part a needs to be as large as possible, the minimum value of the machining allowance can be maximized as the machining allowance optimization objective function of the part a, as shown in the following formula (11):
（11）
Further, by solving the process margin optimization objective function shown in the above formula (11) The optimal position/>, of the theoretical model of the part A can be obtainedAnd a gestureThen, the optimal pose matrix of the theoretical model shown in the following formula (12) can be output:
（12）
then, according to the optimal pose matrix The theoretical measurement point set and the theoretical normal vector set of the part A can be adjusted to obtain the theoretical measurement point set after the machining allowance is optimized, and further, the minimum value of the machining allowance of the blank of the part A can be made to be as large as possible, wherein the minimum machining allowance is 1.911mm, the maximum machining allowance is 2.91mm, and therefore the requirement of the machining allowance constraint condition is met. Therefore, the optimal pose matrix/>, can be obtainedThe theoretical model of the part A is adjusted to achieve the aim of optimizing the machining allowance, so that the satisfactory machined part is finally obtained.
In summary, in the embodiment of the application, since the part theoretical model is approximated by the theoretical measurement points and the local theoretical plane constructed by the normal vector thereof, and the machining allowance is estimated by the directional distance from the actual measurement points to the local theoretical plane, compared with the prior art of directly estimating the machining allowance by the directional distance between the point clouds, the machining allowance estimation method and the machining allowance estimation device obviously can enable the machining allowance estimation to be more convenient, accurate and quick, and have higher estimation precision. And three machining allowance optimization objective functions are provided, so that the problem of different machining allowance distribution requirements is effectively solved. In addition, the method gets rid of the dependence on CAD/CAM software, and can be applied to process end machining programming and setting and adjusting of a manufacturing end machining coordinate system, so that the evaluation and optimization of machining allowance are more convenient and flexible.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application provides a machining allowance evaluation and optimization apparatus 150, as shown in fig. 15, the machining allowance evaluation and optimization apparatus 150 includes:
The machining allowance calculation unit 1501 is configured to calculate, for any theoretical measurement point in a set of theoretical measurement points of a part to be machined, a directional distance between an actual measurement point corresponding to the any theoretical measurement point and a local theoretical plane of the any theoretical measurement point, and use the directional distance as machining allowance of the any theoretical measurement point;
a constraint condition determining unit 1502 configured to determine whether the machining allowance satisfies a preset machining allowance constraint condition;
And a machining allowance optimizing unit 1503, configured to optimize the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimizing objective function if it is determined that the machining allowance does not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition.
Optionally, the machining allowance evaluation and optimization apparatus 150 further includes a measurement point set obtaining unit 1504, the measurement point set obtaining unit 1504 is configured to:
Performing discrete treatment on a theoretical model of the part to be processed to obtain a theoretical measurement point set;
Measuring a blank of the part to be processed according to the theoretical measurement point set to obtain an actual measurement point set; wherein, each actual measurement point in the actual measurement point set corresponds to each theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set one by one.
Optionally, the machining allowance optimizing unit 1503 is further configured to:
And if the machining allowance is determined to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, determining that the machining allowance of any theoretical measuring point is not required to be optimized.
Optionally, the machining allowance optimizing unit 1503 is further configured to:
If the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing a machining allowance optimization objective function according to the square sum minimization of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
Optionally, the machining allowance optimizing unit 1503 is further configured to:
If the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing a machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimization of the maximum value of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
Optionally, the machining allowance optimizing unit 1503 is further configured to:
If the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing a machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimum maximization of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
Optionally, the machining allowance evaluation and optimization apparatus 150 further includes a program and machine tool adjusting unit 1505, the program and machine tool adjusting unit 1505 for:
according to the optimized machining allowance of the part to be machined, adjusting a theoretical model of the part to be machined to obtain an adjusted theoretical model of the part to be machined;
According to the theoretical model of the part to be processed after adjustment, programming a processing program of the part to be processed, adjusting the processing program of the part to be processed, setting a complete machine tool processing coordinate system of the part to be processed or adjusting the complete machine tool processing coordinate system of the part to be processed.
The apparatus 150 for evaluating and optimizing the machining allowance can be used to execute the method in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 to 14, so the description of the functions that can be implemented by each functional unit of the apparatus 150 for evaluating and optimizing the machining allowance can be referred to in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 to 14, and will not be repeated.
In some possible embodiments, aspects of the method provided by the present application may also be implemented in the form of a program product comprising program code for causing a computer device to carry out the steps of the method according to the various exemplary embodiments of the application described herein above, when said program product is run on the computer device, e.g. the computer device may carry out the method as in the examples shown in fig. 2-14.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of the steps for implementing the above method embodiments may be implemented by hardware associated with program instructions, where the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs steps including the above method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk or optical disk, or the like, which can store program codes. Or the above-described integrated units of the invention may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as separate products. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a removable storage device, ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disk, or other medium capable of storing program code.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A process margin assessment and optimization method, the method comprising:
aiming at any theoretical measuring point in a theoretical measuring point set of a part to be processed, calculating a directional distance from an actual measuring point corresponding to the any theoretical measuring point to a local theoretical plane of the any theoretical measuring point, and taking the directional distance as the machining allowance of the any theoretical measuring point;
Determining whether the machining allowance meets a preset machining allowance constraint condition;
and if the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before calculating a directional distance from an actual measurement point corresponding to any theoretical measurement point to a local theoretical plane of the any theoretical measurement point for any theoretical measurement point in a set of theoretical measurement points of the part to be machined, and taking the directional distance as a machining allowance of the any theoretical measurement point, the method further comprises:
Performing discrete treatment on the theoretical model of the part to be processed to obtain the theoretical measurement point set;
measuring the blank of the part to be processed according to the theoretical measurement point set to obtain an actual measurement point set; wherein each actual measurement point in the actual measurement point set corresponds to each theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set one by one.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after determining whether the machining allowance satisfies a preset machining allowance constraint, the method further comprises:
And if the machining allowance meets the preset machining allowance constraint condition, determining that the machining allowance of any theoretical measuring point is not required to be optimized.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of optimizing the machining allowance of the any one theoretical measurement point according to a constructed machining allowance optimization objective function if it is determined that the machining allowance does not satisfy a preset machining allowance constraint condition includes:
if the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing the machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimization of the square sum of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of optimizing the machining allowance of the any one theoretical measurement point according to a constructed machining allowance optimization objective function if it is determined that the machining allowance does not satisfy a preset machining allowance constraint condition includes:
If the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing the machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimum maximum value of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of optimizing the machining allowance of the any one theoretical measurement point according to a constructed machining allowance optimization objective function if it is determined that the machining allowance does not satisfy a preset machining allowance constraint condition includes:
If the machining allowance is determined not to meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition, constructing the machining allowance optimization objective function according to the minimum maximization of the machining allowance;
And optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the machining allowance optimization objective function.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein after optimizing the machining allowance for any one of the theoretical measurement points according to a constructed machining allowance optimization objective function if it is determined that the machining allowance does not satisfy a preset machining allowance constraint, the method further comprises:
According to the optimized machining allowance of the part to be machined, adjusting a theoretical model of the part to be machined to obtain an adjusted theoretical model of the part to be machined;
according to the theoretical model of the part to be machined after adjustment, programming a machining program of the part to be machined, adjusting the machining program of the part to be machined, setting a complete machine bed machining coordinate system of the part to be machined or adjusting the complete machine bed machining coordinate system of the part to be machined.
8. A tooling allowance evaluation and optimization apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
The machining allowance calculation unit is used for calculating the directional distance from the actual measurement point corresponding to any theoretical measurement point to the local theoretical plane of the any theoretical measurement point aiming at any theoretical measurement point in the theoretical measurement point set of the part to be machined, and taking the directional distance as the machining allowance of the any theoretical measurement point;
a constraint condition determining unit, configured to determine whether the machining allowance meets a preset machining allowance constraint condition;
And the machining allowance optimization unit is used for optimizing the machining allowance of any theoretical measurement point according to the constructed machining allowance optimization objective function if the machining allowance is determined to not meet the preset machining allowance constraint condition.
9. An electronic device, the device comprising:
a memory for storing program instructions;
a processor for invoking program instructions stored in the memory and for performing the method of any of claims 1-7 in accordance with the obtained program instructions.
10. A storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410534020.0A CN118131716A (en) | 2024-04-30 | 2024-04-30 | Machining allowance assessment and optimization method, device, equipment and storage medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410534020.0A CN118131716A (en) | 2024-04-30 | 2024-04-30 | Machining allowance assessment and optimization method, device, equipment and storage medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118131716A true CN118131716A (en) | 2024-06-04 |
Family
ID=91237932
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410534020.0A Pending CN118131716A (en) | 2024-04-30 | 2024-04-30 | Machining allowance assessment and optimization method, device, equipment and storage medium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118131716A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108279643A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-13 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of workpiece posture method of adjustment based on measurement point Yu adaptive differential evolution algorithm |
| CN113536488A (en) * | 2021-08-07 | 2021-10-22 | 西北工业大学 | Blank quality containment analysis and allowance optimization method based on registration algorithm |
-
2024
- 2024-04-30 CN CN202410534020.0A patent/CN118131716A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108279643A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-13 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of workpiece posture method of adjustment based on measurement point Yu adaptive differential evolution algorithm |
| CN113536488A (en) * | 2021-08-07 | 2021-10-22 | 西北工业大学 | Blank quality containment analysis and allowance optimization method based on registration algorithm |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李振华;何小磊;余维;: "基于点云与CAD模型配准对齐的毛坯加工定位技术", 制造业自动化, no. 01, 25 January 2017 (2017-01-25), pages 53 - 57 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104965483B (en) | A kind of multi-axis NC Machine Tools machining accuracy retentivity optimization method based on based Robust Design | |
| CN110069041B (en) | Workpiece machining method and system based on-machine measurement | |
| Imani et al. | Geometric simulation of ball-end milling operations | |
| Hu et al. | Five-axis tool path generation based on machine-dependent potential field | |
| CN112433507B (en) | LSO-LSSVM (least squares support vector machine) -based five-axis numerical control machine tool thermal error comprehensive modeling method | |
| CN103777570A (en) | Machining error rapid detection and compensation method based on NURBS curved surface | |
| CN110007645B (en) | Feeding system hybrid modeling method based on dynamics and deep neural network | |
| CN113276130B (en) | Free-form surface spraying path planning method and system based on point cloud slice | |
| CN110728088A (en) | Method and device for optimizing transfer station parameters of tracker for three-dimensional thermal expansion deformation of workpiece | |
| CN108304687B (en) | Method for predicting turning deformation of thin-wall complex curved surface rotating member | |
| Feng et al. | A novel feature-guided trajectory generation method based on point cloud for robotic grinding of freeform welds | |
| Biermann et al. | Using NC-path deformation for compensating tool deflections in micromilling of hardened steel | |
| Zhang et al. | 3D curvature grinding path planning based on point cloud data | |
| Kukreja et al. | Estimation of scallop height in freeform surface CNC Machining | |
| CN116560301A (en) | Machine tool feeding system mathematical model parameter identification method based on gradient optimization | |
| Min et al. | Six-dimensional B-spline fitting method for five-axis tool paths | |
| CN109773593B (en) | Grinding method based on allowance constraint condition | |
| Sulitka et al. | Integrated force interaction simulation model for milling strategy optimization of thin-walled blisk blade machining | |
| Yuwen et al. | Machining localization and quality evaluation of parts with sculptured surfaces using SQP method | |
| Zhang et al. | An adaptive grinding method for precision-cast blades with geometric deviation | |
| Yu et al. | A hybrid point cloud alignment method combining particle swarm optimization and iterative closest point method | |
| CN109725595A (en) | Compensation method, processing method and the workpiece of the machining path of workpiece | |
| CN118131716A (en) | Machining allowance assessment and optimization method, device, equipment and storage medium | |
| Si et al. | A solid-discrete-based method for extracting the cutter-workpiece engagement in five-axis flank milling | |
| CN116604212A (en) | Robot weld joint identification method and system based on area array structured light |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |