CN118130829A - Permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of rotating shaft - Google Patents

Permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of rotating shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118130829A
CN118130829A CN202410174582.9A CN202410174582A CN118130829A CN 118130829 A CN118130829 A CN 118130829A CN 202410174582 A CN202410174582 A CN 202410174582A CN 118130829 A CN118130829 A CN 118130829A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotating shaft
speed measuring
permanent magnet
measuring device
power generation
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Application number
CN202410174582.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
苗秀娟
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Application filed by Changsha University of Science and Technology filed Critical Changsha University of Science and Technology
Priority to CN202410174582.9A priority Critical patent/CN118130829A/en
Publication of CN118130829A publication Critical patent/CN118130829A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention discloses a permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of a rotating shaft, which comprises a rotating shaft mechanism fixed with an external axle end cover and keeping synchronous rotation, and a sealing cover mechanism connected with an external vehicle body and keeping relative static; the rotating shaft mechanism is provided with a counting disc which rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft mechanism, a plurality of speed measuring permanent magnets are uniformly distributed on the counting disc along the circumferential direction, the sealing cover mechanism is provided with a speed measuring coil towards the speed measuring permanent magnets, and the speed measuring coil is electrically connected with the rear end processing mechanism. The counting discs with a plurality of permanent magnets for measuring speed are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft mechanism along the circumferential direction, and the speed measuring coils connected with the rear end processing mechanism are arranged on the sealing cover mechanism, so that pulse voltage can be manufactured by utilizing the rotating characteristic of an axle, and the speed data of train running can be obtained by analyzing the pulse voltage.

Description

Permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of rotating shaft
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of speed measuring devices, in particular to a permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft.
Background
The speed of travel is an important parameter in the running of the train, which will directly affect the running safety of the train. The conventional train is mainly tested by adopting a GPS (global positioning system) velocimetry, an odometer velocimetry, a vehicle-mounted laser velocimetry, a vibration velocimetry or a traction current velocimetry, the rolling distance of wheels cannot be directly measured by utilizing the rotation characteristic of an axle, different measurement errors exist in the velocimetry equipment with different measurement principles, and more data of the speed acquired by utilizing the different measurement principles are subjected to cross verification in order to improve the accuracy of the data.
In order to directly measure the rolling distance of the wheels by utilizing the rotation characteristic of the axle so as to obtain the speed data of train running and provide data selection of different measurement principles for cross verification, a permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of a rotating shaft is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing a permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of a rotating shaft.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft comprises a rotating shaft mechanism which is fixed with an external axle end cover and keeps synchronous rotation, and a sealing cover mechanism which is connected with an external vehicle body and keeps relatively static; the counting disc which rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft mechanism is arranged on the rotating shaft mechanism, a plurality of speed measuring permanent magnets are uniformly distributed on the counting disc along the circumferential direction, a speed measuring coil is arranged on the sealing cover mechanism towards the speed measuring permanent magnets, and the speed measuring coil is electrically connected with the rear end processing mechanism; when the outer axle end cover rotates, the speed measuring permanent magnet sequentially passes through the opposite positions of the speed measuring coil, so that the speed measuring coil cuts the magnetic induction line to generate a voltage signal, and the rear-end processing mechanism receives and processes the voltage signal to obtain the running speed information of the train.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
The counting disc is circular, and the rotation axis of the counting disc is coincident with the rotation axis of the outer axle end cover.
The counting disc is formed with a plurality of grooves for embedding the speed measuring permanent magnets along the circumferential direction of the counting disc.
The speed measuring device also comprises a power generation mechanism, wherein the power generation mechanism comprises a plurality of power generation permanent magnets fixed on the rotating shaft mechanism and a plurality of power generation coils fixed on the sealing cover mechanism, and the power generation coils are used for rotationally cutting magnetic induction wires of the power generation permanent magnets so as to generate electric energy.
The sealing cover mechanism is formed by assembling a front shell and a rear cover plate; the rear side of the front shell is fixed with the power generation coil, the middle part of the front shell is forwards protruded to form a secondary cavity for limiting the swing of the rotating shaft mechanism, the front end of the rotating shaft mechanism penetrates into the secondary cavity, and the front end and the secondary cavity are connected through a bearing; the rear cover plate is annular, the rear end of the rotating shaft mechanism penetrates out of the middle of the rear cover plate, the outer edge of the rear cover plate is attached to the rear end face of the front shell to form a cavity, and the inner edge of the rear cover plate is attached to the rotating shaft mechanism to form labyrinth seal.
The front shell is symmetrically provided with a pair of fixing brackets used for limiting the rotation of the sealing cover mechanism, and the tail ends of the fixing brackets are connected with an external bearing saddle.
The lower side of the front shell is provided with a plurality of blow-down holes.
The rotating shaft mechanism comprises a rotating shaft disc used for being connected with an external axle end cover, a shaft lever is formed in the middle of the rotating shaft disc forwards, and the front end of the shaft lever penetrates into the auxiliary cavity and is connected with the auxiliary cavity through a bearing; the counting disc synchronously rotating with the shaft rod is arranged on the shaft rod.
The shaft lever is formed with a boss for limiting the backward movement of the bearing, and is also covered with an annular cover plate for limiting the forward movement of the bearing, and the annular cover plate is fixed with the shaft lever through a check bolt; the counting disc is clamped between the boss and the bearing.
The rotary shaft disc is provided with a mounting hole in a forming mode, the mounting hole is aligned with a screw hole of the outer axle end cover, and the rotary shaft disc is connected with the outer axle end cover through bolts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
The counting discs with a plurality of permanent magnets for measuring speed are uniformly distributed on the rotating shaft mechanism along the circumferential direction, and the speed measuring coils connected with the rear end processing mechanism are arranged on the sealing cover mechanism, so that pulse voltage can be manufactured by utilizing the rotating characteristic of an axle, and the speed data of train running can be obtained by analyzing the pulse voltage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view (sectional view) of a structure of a speed measuring device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a speed measuring device in exploded form;
Fig. 3 is a schematic drawing (sectional view) showing the speed measuring device in a disassembled state.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote: 1. an outer axle end cap; 2. a spindle mechanism; 21. a rotating shaft disc; 211. a mounting hole; 22. a shaft lever; 221. a boss; 222. an annular cover plate; 223. a lockbolt; 3. a sealing cover mechanism; 31. a front housing; 311. an auxiliary cavity; 312. a fixed bracket; 313. a blow-down hole; 314. a limiting table; 315. a bearing positioning seat; 316. a limiting ring; 32. a back cover plate; 321. positioning the step; 33. a bearing; 4. a counting plate; 5. a speed measuring permanent magnet; 6. a speed measuring coil; 7. a power generation mechanism; 71. generating a permanent magnet; 72. and a power generation coil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of the rotating shaft of the present embodiment includes a rotating shaft mechanism 2 fixed to an outer axle end cover 1 and kept rotating synchronously, and a sealing cover mechanism 3 connected to an outer vehicle body and kept relatively stationary; a counting disc 4 which rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft mechanism 2 is arranged on the rotating shaft mechanism 2, a plurality of speed measuring permanent magnets 5 are uniformly distributed on the counting disc 4 along the circumferential direction, a speed measuring coil 6 is arranged on the sealing cover mechanism 3 towards the speed measuring permanent magnets 5, and the speed measuring coil 6 is electrically connected with a rear end processing mechanism (not shown in the figure); when the outer axle end cover 1 rotates, the tachometer permanent magnet 5 sequentially passes through the opposite positions of the tachometer coil 6, so that the tachometer coil 6 cuts the magnetic induction line to generate a voltage signal, and the rear-end processing mechanism receives and processes the voltage signal to obtain the running speed information of the train. The outer axle end cover 1 is fixed at the end part of the axle, one end of the rotating shaft mechanism 2 is fixed with the outer axle end cover 1, and the central axis of the rotating shaft mechanism 2 coincides with the central axis of the axle, so that the rotating shaft mechanism 2 can synchronously rotate along with the axle in the running process of the train; because the counting disc 4 is arranged on the rotating shaft mechanism 2, when the rotating shaft mechanism 2 rotates under the drive of the axle, the speed measuring permanent magnet 5 fixed on the counting disc 4 rotates along with the rotation. The sealing cover mechanism 3 is connected with an external vehicle body and keeps relatively static, and the rotating shaft mechanism 2 only rotates relatively to the sealing cover mechanism 3 in the running process of the train; because the sealing cover mechanism 3 is provided with the speed measuring coil 6 towards the speed measuring permanent magnet 5, when the speed measuring permanent magnet 5 rotates, the speed measuring coil 6 sequentially passes through the opposite positions of the speed measuring coil 6, and at the moment, the magnetic induction wires of the speed measuring permanent magnets 5 are sequentially cut by the speed measuring coil 6, so that pulse voltage signals are generated. Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of the tachometer permanent magnets 5 is 36 (other numbers can be set in other embodiments), when the axle rotates for 1/36 turn, one tachometer permanent magnet 5 passes through the position of the tachometer coil 6, a voltage peak value is generated at this time, the rear end processing mechanism can calculate the rotation angle of the axle by counting the occurrence times of the voltage peak value, and the running speed of the train can be obtained by combining the radius of the wheel and time consumption. It should be noted that, the back-end processing mechanism specifically includes existing devices such as an amplifier, a filter, a counter, a single-chip microcomputer, and the like, and the processing of the back-end processing mechanism is also an existing conventional technology, which is not described herein. Through installing the counting disk 4 that has a plurality of permanent magnets 5 that tests speed along circumference equipartition on pivot mechanism 2 to set up the speed coil 6 that tests speed that links to each other with rear end processing mechanism on sealed lid mechanism 3, can utilize the rotatory characteristic of axletree to make pulse voltage, and obtain the speed data that the train was driven through analyzing this pulse voltage.
In this embodiment, the counter disk 4 has a circular shape, and its rotation axis coincides with the rotation axis of the outer axle cover 1. The counting disc 4 is formed with a plurality of grooves along the circumference thereof for embedding the speed measuring permanent magnets 5.
In this embodiment, the speed measuring device further includes a power generation mechanism 7, the power generation mechanism 7 includes a plurality of power generation permanent magnets 71 fixed on the rotating shaft mechanism 2, and a plurality of power generation coils 72 fixed on the sealing cover mechanism 3, and the power generation coils 72 rotationally cut magnetic induction lines of the power generation permanent magnets 71 to generate electric power. Through setting up generating mechanism 7 for speed measuring device becomes the complex that can both be measured the speed and can generate electricity, thereby realizes multi-functional. The sealing cover mechanism 3 is formed by assembling a front shell 31 and a rear cover plate 32; the rear side of the front housing 31 is fixed with the power generation coil 72, the middle part of the front housing is protruded forward to form a secondary cavity 311 for limiting the swing of the rotating shaft mechanism 2, the front end of the rotating shaft mechanism 2 penetrates into the secondary cavity, and the front housing and the secondary cavity are connected through a bearing 33; the rear cover plate 32 is annular, the rear end of the rotating shaft mechanism 2 penetrates out from the middle of the rear cover plate, the outer edge of the rear cover plate 32 is attached to the rear end face of the front shell 31 to form a cavity, and the inner edge of the rear cover plate is attached to the rotating shaft mechanism 2 to form labyrinth seal. The power generation mechanism 7 adopts a single stator-rotor disc type structure, and the power generation permanent magnet 71 and the power generation coil 72 are wrapped in the single stator-rotor disc type structure by utilizing the sealing cover mechanism 3, so that external interference can be isolated to a certain extent, the stability of equipment is improved, and the service life is prolonged. Specifically, the sealing cover mechanism 3 is made of nylon material (non-magnetic conductive material) by 3D printing, and is formed by assembling a front shell 31 and a rear cover plate 32, and the front shell 31 and the rear cover plate 32 are glued or connected through bolts; for accurate positioning, a positioning step 321 is formed on the side of the rear cover plate 32 facing the front housing 31, the outer edge of the positioning step 321 is attached to the inner edge of the front housing 31, and the end surface of the front housing 31 contacts the outer edge of the rear cover plate 32 to form a seal. The rear side of the front case 31 (i.e., the inner side of the cavity) is fixed to the power generation coil 72, and the power generation coil 72 is attached to the front case 31 without rotation; the rotating shaft mechanism 2 is fixed with a power generation permanent magnet 71, the power generation permanent magnet 71 is located at the rear of the power generation coil 72, and the rear end of the rotating shaft mechanism 2 penetrates out of the middle of the annular rear cover plate 32 and is connected with an external driving mechanism (in this embodiment, the external driving mechanism is an external axle end cover 1), and the rotating shaft mechanism 2 rotates relative to the power generation coil 72 under the driving of the external driving mechanism, so that the power generation coil 72 can cut the magnetic induction line of the power generation permanent magnet 71 on the rotating shaft mechanism 2 and generate electric energy. In order to improve the stability of the rotating shaft mechanism 2, a secondary cavity 311 is formed in the middle of the front housing 31, the secondary cavity 311 is a sealed housing, the secondary cavity 311 protrudes forwards and is internally provided with a bearing 33, the front end of the rotating shaft mechanism 2 penetrates the secondary cavity 311 and is matched with the bearing 33, the bearing 33 provides radial support for the rotating shaft mechanism 2, and the rotating axis of the rotating shaft mechanism 2 is always vertical to the front housing 31, so that friction and collision between the generating coil 72 of the generating permanent magnet 71 and the sealing cover mechanism 3 are avoided.
In this embodiment, the spindle mechanism 2 includes a spindle disk 21 for connecting with the outer axle end cover 1, a spindle 22 is formed in the middle of the spindle disk 21 forward, and the front end of the spindle 22 penetrates into the sub-cavity 311 and is connected with the sub-cavity 311 via a bearing 33; the spindle 22 is mounted with a counting disk 4 which rotates in synchronism therewith. The shaft 22 is formed with a boss 221 for restricting the backward movement of the bearing 33, and is also covered with an annular cover plate 222 for restricting the forward movement of the bearing 33, and the annular cover plate 222 is fixed with the shaft 22 through a lockbolt 223; the counting disk 4 is sandwiched between the boss 221 and the bearing 33. The auxiliary cavity 311 is internally provided with a limiting table 314 for limiting the forward movement of the bearing 33 in a protruding mode, a bearing positioning seat 315 for limiting the backward movement of the bearing 33 is arranged on the rear side cover of the auxiliary cavity 311, and the bearing positioning seat 315 is annular. Two roller bearings 33 are fixed in the auxiliary cavity 311, a limiting ring 316 is arranged between the two bearings 33, the bearings 33 are squeezed tightly along the axial direction through the limiting ring 316, and meanwhile, another limiting ring 316 is arranged behind the bearings 33 positioned at the rear side and is used for squeezing the counting disc 4 towards the boss 221. Further, the bearing positioning seat 315 is connected with the front housing 31 by bolts, the bolts penetrate through the front housing 31 and then are connected with nuts fixed in the bearing positioning seat 315, and the bolts penetrate through the screw heads through iron wires to be loose-proof. The outer edge of the rear cover plate 32 is attached to the rear end face of the front shell 31 to form a cavity, and the inner edge of the cavity is attached to the rotating shaft mechanism 2 to form labyrinth seal.
In this embodiment, a pair of fixing brackets 312 for restricting the rotation of the seal cover mechanism 3 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the front case 31, and the ends of the fixing brackets 312 are connected to an external bearing saddle. Specifically, grooves are formed on both sides of the front case 31, and fixing brackets 312 are embedded in the grooves, and the fixing brackets 312 are in a bar-like plate shape, which are connected with the front case 31 via bolts. The fixing bracket 312 has its distal end directed toward the outer body and forms a fit with the outer bearing saddle, and the front housing 31 is restrained from rotating by the outer bearing saddle.
In this embodiment, a plurality of drain holes 313 are formed on the lower side of the front case 31. By providing the drain hole 313 at the lower side of the front housing 31, water and dust entering into the cavity can be discharged therefrom, thereby avoiding fouling.
In this embodiment, the shaft plate 21 is formed with a mounting hole 211, the mounting hole 211 is aligned with a screw hole of the outer axle end cover 1, and the shaft plate 21 is connected with the outer axle end cover 1 via a bolt. The rotary shaft disc 21 and the generator permanent magnet 71 connected thereto are rotated relative to the generator coil 72 by the driving of the outer axle head 1, so that the generator coil 72 cuts the magnetic induction lines of the generator permanent magnet 71 to generate electric power. Since the mounting hole 211 is aligned with the screw hole of the outer axle end cover 1, when the outer axle end cover 1 is mounted, the bolts of the outer axle end cover 1 are removed, then the rotating shaft disc 21 is attached to the outer axle end cover 1, and the removed bolts are re-screwed; when the dismounting is carried out, the reverse operation is carried out. It can be seen that by providing the rotary shaft disc 21 and providing the mounting hole 211 aligned with the screw hole of the outer axle end cover 1 on the rotary shaft disc 21, the generator can be additionally installed without changing the original structure of the railway wagon, and the loading and unloading operation is extremely simple.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Many possible variations and modifications of the disclosed technology can be made by anyone skilled in the art, or equivalent embodiments with equivalent variations can be made, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft is characterized in that: comprises a rotating shaft mechanism (2) which is fixed with an external axle end cover (1) and keeps synchronous rotation, and a sealing cover mechanism (3) which is connected with an external vehicle body and keeps relatively static; a counting disc (4) which rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft mechanism (2) is arranged on the rotating shaft mechanism (2), a plurality of speed measuring permanent magnets (5) are uniformly distributed on the counting disc (4) along the circumferential direction, a speed measuring coil (6) is arranged on the sealing cover mechanism (3) towards the speed measuring permanent magnets (5), and the speed measuring coil (6) is electrically connected with the rear-end processing mechanism; when the external axle end cover (1) rotates, the speed measuring permanent magnet (5) sequentially passes through the opposite positions of the speed measuring coil (6), so that the speed measuring coil (6) cuts the magnetic induction line to generate a voltage signal, and the rear-end processing mechanism receives and processes the voltage signal to obtain the running speed information of the train.
2. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft according to claim 1, wherein: the counting disc (4) is circular, and the rotation axis of the counting disc is overlapped with the rotation axis of the outer axle end cover (1).
3. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft according to claim 2, wherein: the counting disc (4) is provided with a plurality of grooves for embedding the speed measuring permanent magnets (5) along the circumferential direction.
4. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft according to claim 1, wherein: the speed measuring device further comprises a power generation mechanism (7), wherein the power generation mechanism (7) comprises a plurality of power generation permanent magnets (71) fixed on the rotating shaft mechanism (2) and a plurality of power generation coils (72) fixed on the sealing cover mechanism (3), and the power generation coils (72) rotationally cut magnetic induction lines of the power generation permanent magnets (71) to generate electric energy.
5. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft according to claim 4, wherein: the sealing cover mechanism (3) is formed by assembling a front shell (31) and a rear cover plate (32); the rear side of the front shell (31) is fixed with the power generation coil (72), a secondary cavity (311) for limiting the swing of the rotating shaft mechanism (2) is formed in a protruding mode in the middle of the front shell, the front end of the rotating shaft mechanism (2) penetrates into the secondary cavity, and the front end of the rotating shaft mechanism and the secondary cavity are connected through a bearing (33); the rear cover plate (32) is annular, the rear end of the rotating shaft mechanism (2) penetrates out of the middle of the rear cover plate, the outer edge of the rear cover plate (32) is attached to the rear end face of the front shell (31) to form a cavity, and the inner edge of the rear cover plate is attached to the rotating shaft mechanism (2) to form labyrinth seal.
6. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft according to claim 5, wherein: the front shell (31) is symmetrically provided with a pair of fixing brackets (312) used for limiting the rotation of the sealing cover mechanism (3), and the tail ends of the fixing brackets (312) are connected with an external bearing saddle.
7. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft according to claim 5, wherein: a plurality of drain holes (313) are formed on the lower side of the front shell (31).
8. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device of a rotating shaft according to claim 5, wherein: the rotating shaft mechanism (2) comprises a rotating shaft disc (21) used for being connected with an external axle end cover (1), a shaft lever (22) is formed in the middle of the rotating shaft disc (21) forwards, and the front end of the shaft lever (22) penetrates into the auxiliary cavity (311) and is connected with the auxiliary cavity (311) through a bearing (33); the shaft lever (22) is provided with a counting disc (4) which rotates synchronously with the shaft lever.
9. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device for rotating shaft according to claim 8, wherein: the shaft lever (22) is formed with a boss (221) for limiting the backward movement of the bearing (33), and is also covered with an annular cover plate (222) for limiting the forward movement of the bearing (33), and the annular cover plate (222) is fixed with the shaft lever (22) through a check bolt (223); the counting disc (4) is clamped between the boss (221) and the bearing (33).
10. The permanent magnet eddy current speed measuring device for rotating shaft according to claim 8, wherein: the rotary shaft disc (21) is provided with a mounting hole (211) in a forming mode, the mounting hole (211) is aligned with a screw hole of the outer axle end cover (1), and the rotary shaft disc (21) is connected with the outer axle end cover (1) through bolts.
CN202410174582.9A 2024-02-07 2024-02-07 Permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of rotating shaft Pending CN118130829A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410174582.9A CN118130829A (en) 2024-02-07 2024-02-07 Permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of rotating shaft

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410174582.9A CN118130829A (en) 2024-02-07 2024-02-07 Permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of rotating shaft

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN118130829A true CN118130829A (en) 2024-06-04

Family

ID=91228706

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202410174582.9A Pending CN118130829A (en) 2024-02-07 2024-02-07 Permanent magnet vortex speed measuring device of rotating shaft

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN118130829A (en)

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