CN118074307A

CN118074307A - System and method for controlling super capacitor switching terminal power supply

Info

Publication number: CN118074307A
Application number: CN202410496154.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾君; 仲跻高
Original assignee: Nanjing Siyu Electric Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Siyu Electric Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2024-04-24
Filing date: 2024-04-24
Publication date: 2024-05-24

Abstract

The disclosure provides a system and a method for controlling a super capacitor to switch a terminal power supply, which relate to the technical field of electric information acquisition and comprise the following steps: the power supply module provides voltage signal input for the control module and the switching module, and the control module responds to the voltage signal input of the first target power supply and performs first processing operation on the input voltage signal of the first target power supply to obtain a first voltage signal; performing state control on the first target power supply based on the first voltage signal; the switching module compares the voltage signal of the first target power supply with a preset third threshold voltage, outputs a comparison result, and performs state control on the second target power supply based on the comparison result; the transformation module performs second processing operation on the output voltages of the control module and the switching module and outputs a first power supply voltage; the temperature control module monitors and predicts the temperatures of the power supply module, the control module, the switching module and the circuit board in the transformation module, and gives an alarm when the predicted temperatures exceed a preset threshold.

Description

System and method for controlling super capacitor switching terminal power supply

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electric information acquisition, and discloses a system and a method for controlling a super capacitor switching terminal power supply.

Background

Supercapacitors are high capacitance capacitors that provide a higher energy density than standard capacitors, while also having a higher power density than conventional batteries, meaning that supercapacitors can store and release large amounts of energy in a short period of time. Currently, more and more supercapacitors are applied to low-power short-time backup power supplies, in particular to an electricity consumption information acquisition terminal for automatically collecting, recording and transmitting electricity consumption data, wherein two backup power supplies, namely a supercapacitor and a nickel-metal hydride battery, exist in the terminal, and when one of the backup power supplies fails, the other backup power supply can still work normally. Therefore, when the power grid is connected with the power grid for monitoring the electric information, the electric information acquisition terminal can still work normally within a preset time by means of the built-in power supply even if the main power supply fails.

However, in the practical use process, the electric quantity loss exists in the switching process of the discharge state of the super capacitor, the electric quantity loss is influenced by the temperature, the power supply voltage and the current, the body of the super capacitor has larger voltage fluctuation, and abnormal state switching can be caused when the voltage fluctuates near the threshold voltage for determining the closing and the discharge states of the super capacitor, so that the availability of the super capacitor and the working time of an internal power supply are seriously influenced. Meanwhile, when the internal power supply of the terminal is used for supplying power, the electric quantity loss exists in the switching process of the discharge state of the super capacitor and the nickel-hydrogen battery, so that the service life of the internal power supply battery of the terminal is reduced.

For example, chinese patent with the grant publication number CN108306402B discloses a backup power supply for super capacitor of main control board, in order to improve stability and reliability of main control board of charging pile, a set of backup power supply for super capacitor of charging pile board product is designed, the product mainly comprises super capacitor, boost chip, switching device, etc., the whole design includes power supply circuit, charge-discharge circuit, boost circuit and state monitoring circuit, the power supply circuit comes from charging pile board product itself, it is the source of super capacitor energy, charge-discharge circuit controls charging and discharging of super capacitor, boost circuit increases super capacitor voltage to required voltage of board product, state monitoring circuit controls access of power supply and output of whole power supply.

For example, chinese patent CN113725995B discloses a dual-backup power management system for a power distribution terminal and a management method thereof, which improves an existing single backup power to realize fine distribution and management of a power supply and storage integrated power. The improved power distribution terminal adopts double backup power supplies, and when an external power supply and a main backup power supply of the power distribution terminal fail at the same time, the auxiliary backup power supplies can also ensure switch opening and closing. According to the method, a backup power supply switching module is added between the dual backup power supply and the charging and discharging loop, so that charging and discharging management of the dual backup power supply under one charging loop is flexibly realized, the functions of floating charge prevention, over-discharging prevention, flexible switching of the dual backup power supply and the like are realized on the premise of ensuring the reliability of the system by a periodic and opposite charging and discharging management method, the service life of a battery is prolonged, abnormal power supplies can be screened out on the other hand, and the reliability of the whole system is improved.

The method has the problems that in the prior art, in the discharging process of the super capacitor, the voltage of the super capacitor can float up and down at a preset discharging threshold voltage, so that the super capacitor is frequently switched to be closed and discharged, the service life of a backup power supply is lost, and in the switching power supply of the super capacitor and the nickel-hydrogen battery, the power supply of the nickel-hydrogen battery cannot be completely cut off, and the electric quantity loss and the service life loss of the backup power supply are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for controlling the power supply of a super capacitor switching terminal, which are used for accurately controlling and switching a plurality of backup power supplies in an electricity consumption information acquisition terminal.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal, including:

The device comprises a power supply module, a control module, a switching module, a transformation module and a temperature control module;

The power supply module is respectively connected with the control module and the switching module; the transformation module is respectively connected with the control module and the switching module; the temperature control module is respectively connected with the power supply module, the control module, the switching module and the transformation module;

the power module is configured to provide voltage signal input to the control module and the switching module, where the power module includes: a first target power supply and a second target power supply;

the control module is used for responding to the voltage signal input of a first target power supply and performing first processing operation on the input voltage signal of the first target power supply to obtain a first voltage signal; based on the first voltage signal, performing state control on a first target power supply;

the switching module is used for comparing the voltage signal of the first target power supply with a preset third threshold voltage, outputting a comparison result and performing state control on the second target power supply based on the comparison result;

The transformation module is used for performing second processing operation on the output voltages of the control module and the switching module and outputting a first power supply voltage;

The temperature control module is used for monitoring and predicting the temperatures of the power supply module, the control module, the switching module and the circuit board in the transformation module, and sending out an alarm when the predicted temperatures exceed a preset threshold.

In an alternative embodiment, the control module includes:

A flip-flop circuit and an enable control circuit; the trigger circuit is respectively connected with an initial voltage signal and the enabling control circuit; wherein the trigger circuit is a schmitt trigger circuit, comprising: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first transistor, and a second transistor; the enable control circuit includes: a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor;

the Schmitt trigger circuit is used for performing first processing operation on an input voltage signal of a first target power supply to obtain a first voltage signal;

The enabling control circuit is used for performing state control on the first target power supply based on the first voltage signal.

In an alternative embodiment, the schmitt trigger circuit and the enable control circuit include:

The first end of the first transistor is connected with one end of the first resistor and one end of the second resistor, the second end of the first transistor is connected with one end of the fifth resistor and one end of the second transistor and the output interface of the first voltage signal, the third end of the first transistor is connected with one end of the third resistor and the first end of the second transistor, the third end of the second transistor is connected with one end of the fourth resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected with the input end of an initial voltage signal, the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded, the other end of the third resistor is connected with the other end of the fourth resistor, the other end of the second resistor is grounded, the first end of the third transistor is connected with one end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the third transistor is grounded, the third end of the third transistor is connected with one end of the seventh resistor and the first end of the fourth transistor, the third end of the fourth transistor is connected with the other end of the seventh resistor, the other end of the third transistor is connected with the other end of the third resistor, and the other end of the third transistor is connected with the output interface of the voltage signal.

In an alternative embodiment, the schmitt trigger circuit is configured to perform a first processing operation on an input voltage signal of a first target power supply to obtain a first voltage signal, and includes:

responding to the fact that the input voltage value of the first target power supply is higher than a preset first threshold voltage, and the output first voltage signal is in a high level;

And responding to the input voltage value of the first target power supply being lower than a preset second threshold voltage, and outputting the first voltage signal to be at a low level.

In an alternative embodiment, the enabling control circuit is configured to perform state control on the first target power supply based on the first voltage signal, and includes:

in response to the first voltage signal being at a high level, enabling the third transistor to be turned on, enabling the fourth transistor to be turned on by the third transistor, and controlling the first target power supply to output a high level;

and in response to the first voltage signal being at a low level, enabling the third transistor to be turned off, enabling the fourth transistor to be turned off by the third transistor, and controlling the first target power supply to output a low level.

In an alternative embodiment, the schmitt trigger circuit and enable control circuit further includes:

adjusting the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage by changing the resistance values of the first resistor and the second resistor;

The first threshold voltage, when the second transistor starts to be turned on, and the first transistor is turned off, has the following expression:

×)

wherein, Is the first threshold voltage of the first voltage,Is the base-emitter turn-on voltage of the second transistor,Is the saturation voltage of the second transistor,Is the collector current through the second transistor,、AndThe resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor and the fourth resistor in the circuit;

The second threshold voltage, when the first transistor starts to turn on, is expressed as:

wherein, Is the second threshold voltage of the first voltage,Is the base-emitter turn-on voltage of the first transistor,AndThe resistance values of the first resistor and the second resistor are respectively.

In an alternative embodiment, the switching module includes:

The first voltage monitoring chip, the first enabling end, the second enabling end and the power supply switching circuit; wherein, the first voltage monitoring chip includes: a first port, a second port, and a third port; the power supply switching circuit includes: eighth resistor, ninth resistor, tenth resistor, eleventh resistor, twelfth resistor, first diode, second diode, third diode, fifth transistor, sixth transistor, and seventh transistor;

the first voltage monitoring chip is used for monitoring the voltage value of the first target power supply, comparing the voltage of the first target power supply with a third threshold voltage and outputting a high/low level based on a comparison result;

the first enabling terminal is used for outputting a high/low level signal to control the power supply switching circuit;

the second enabling end is used for outputting a high/low level signal to control the power supply switching circuit;

The power supply switching circuit is used for responding to the change of the high and low level signals of the first enabling end and the second enabling end and switching the current power supply for power supply, wherein the current power supply for power supply is the first target power supply or the second target power supply.

In an alternative embodiment, the first voltage monitoring chip includes:

the first port is connected with the first target power supply, the second port is grounded, and the third port is connected with the power supply switching circuit; the third port outputs a high level in response to the voltage of the first target power supply being greater than or equal to the third threshold voltage, and outputs a low level in response to the first target power supply voltage being less than the third threshold voltage.

In an alternative embodiment, the first enabling terminal includes: waking up a key signal output end;

the wake-up key signal output end is used for controlling the first enabling end to output high level to the power supply switching circuit after the wake-up key is pressed.

In an alternative embodiment, the second enabling terminal includes: a software enabling control output;

the software enabling control output end is used for outputting a level signal to the power supply switching circuit; and controlling the second enabling terminal to output a low level to the power switching circuit in response to the end of the preset working time timing of the second target power supply, and controlling the second enabling terminal to output a high level to the power switching circuit in response to the end of the preset working time timing of the second target power supply.

In an alternative embodiment, the power switching circuit includes:

The first end of the fifth transistor is connected with one end of the eighth resistor, the second end of the fifth transistor is grounded, the third end of the fifth transistor is connected with one end of the tenth resistor and one end of the eleventh resistor, the first end of the sixth transistor is connected with the other end of the eleventh resistor, the second end of the sixth transistor is grounded, the third end of the sixth transistor is connected with one end of the twelfth resistor and the first end of the seventh transistor, the other end of the eighth resistor is connected with the third end of the first voltage monitoring chip, the common cathode of the first diode and the second diode is connected with one end of the ninth resistor and the other end of the tenth resistor, the anode of the first diode is used for inputting an enabling signal of the first enabling end, the anode of the second diode is used for inputting an enabling signal of the second enabling end, the other end of the ninth resistor is grounded, the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected with the third end of the seventh resistor, the anode of the seventh diode is connected with the anode of the seventh resistor, and the anode of the seventh resistor is connected with the third end of the third diode, and the output module is used for switching the voltage of the seventh diode.

In an alternative embodiment, the switching module is configured to compare the voltage signal of the first target power supply with a third threshold voltage, output a comparison result, and perform state control on a second target power supply based on the comparison result, and includes:

In response to the first enable terminal outputting a high level or the voltage of the first target power supply being less than the third threshold voltage, the second enable terminal outputting a high level when power is supplied using the second target power supply;

and when the preset working time of the second target power supply is ended or the voltage of the first target power supply is larger than or equal to the third threshold voltage, the second enabling end outputs a low level, and the second target power supply is turned off.

In an alternative embodiment, the transformation module includes: the first voltage transformation chip and the voltage transformation circuit; wherein, first vary voltage chip includes: a first port, a second port, a third port, a fourth port, a fifth port, a sixth port, a seventh port, an eighth port, and a ninth port; the voltage transformation circuit includes: sixteenth resistor, seventeenth resistor, eighteenth resistor, fourth diode, fifth diode, first inductor, first capacitor, third capacitor, fourth capacitor, fifth capacitor and sixth capacitor;

The first transformation chip and the transformation circuit are used for performing second processing operation on the output voltages of the control module and the switching module and outputting a first power supply voltage.

In an alternative embodiment, the transformation module further comprises: the first port is grounded, the second port is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor, the third port is connected to one end of the seventeenth resistor and one end of the eighteenth resistor, the seventh port is empty, the eighth port is connected to the other end of the first inductor and the anode of the fourth diode, the ninth port is grounded, the other end of the fifth capacitor is grounded, the other end of the eighteenth resistor is grounded, the other end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the other end of the fourth diode is grounded, the other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded, the other end of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the other end of the fifth diode is grounded, the other end of the fifth capacitor is grounded, the other end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the other end of the fourth diode is grounded, and the other end of the fourth diode is grounded.

In an alternative embodiment, the second processing operation includes: boosting and stabilizing voltage, comprising:

in response to the output voltage of the control module and the switching module being smaller than the first power supply voltage, the output voltage is boosted to the first power supply voltage through the first transformation chip and the transformation circuit, and the first power supply voltage is output;

And in response to the output voltage of the control module and the switching module being greater than the first supply voltage, stabilizing the output voltage at the first supply voltage through the first transformation chip and the transformation circuit, and outputting the first supply voltage.

In an alternative embodiment, the temperature control module includes:

the temperature sensor is arranged at a key part of the circuit board and used for collecting temperature data in real time;

The data acquisition unit is connected to the temperature sensor and is used for receiving and storing the temperature data and other related operation parameter data;

And the data processing unit is connected with the data acquisition unit and is used for executing characteristic engineering, including characteristic selection and characteristic construction, and preparing a data set for model training and prediction.

In an alternative embodiment, the data processing unit comprises:

Training a random forest model and predicting a temperature of the circuit board based on features extracted from the temperature data and the operating parameter data;

Calculating the average value of squares of differences between the actual value and the predicted value by using a mean square error, and evaluating the performance of the random forest model, wherein the mean square error has a function expression as follows:

Wherein MSE is the average of the squares of the differences between the actual values of the circuit board temperature and the predicted values of the random forest model to the circuit board temperature, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data, Is the i-th circuit board temperature true value,The i-th random forest model is used for carrying out fitting and data distribution inspection on the random forest model if the actual mean square error value is smaller than the expected mean square error value, and carrying out characteristic scaling and transformation if the actual mean square error value is larger than the expected mean square error value; if the actual mean square error value is equal to the expected mean square error value, no operation is performed;

Calculating a measure of error using a root mean square error, evaluating the performance of the random forest model, the root mean square error having a functional expression:

where RMSE is the square root of MSE, providing a measure of error in the same units as the original data, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data, Is the i-th circuit board temperature true value,The i-th random forest model is used for carrying out fitting and data distribution inspection on the random forest model if the actual root mean square error value is smaller than the expected root mean square error value, and carrying out characteristic scaling and transformation if the actual root mean square error value is larger than the expected root mean square error value; if the actual root mean square error value is equal to the expected root mean square error value, no operation is performed;

And evaluating the performance of the random forest model by using a decision coefficient evaluation index, wherein the function expression of the decision coefficient is as follows:

wherein, Is a determining coefficient, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data,Is the i-th circuit board temperature true value,Is the i-th predicted value of the random forest model to the temperature of the circuit board,Is the average value of the true values of the circuit board temperature,The closer the value is to 1, the better the predicting ability of the random forest model to the circuit board temperature is, if the actual decision coefficient value is smaller than the expected decision coefficient value, scaling and transforming the characteristics in the model;

Analyzing the feature importance of the random forest model, determining which features are most important for temperature prediction, and performing key monitoring on the features which are most important for temperature prediction.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal, including:

acquiring a voltage signal of a first target power supply;

Responding to voltage signal input of a first target power supply, and performing first processing operation on the input voltage signal of the first target power supply to obtain a first voltage signal; based on the first voltage signal, performing state control on a first target power supply;

Comparing the voltage signal of the first target power supply with a preset third threshold voltage, outputting a comparison result, and performing state control on the second target power supply based on the comparison result;

based on the result data of monitoring and predicting the temperatures of the circuit boards in the power supply module, the control module, the switching module and the transformation module, the temperature of the circuit boards is monitored in real time, and an alarm is given when the predicted temperature exceeds a preset threshold.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the schmitt trigger formed by the transistors is designed into a super capacitor discharge control circuit. The discharge process of the super capacitor can be effectively controlled, and the super capacitor starts to discharge only when the voltage of the super capacitor is greater than a certain threshold value; meanwhile, the super capacitor is turned off to discharge whenever the super capacitor is lower than a certain threshold value. The voltage fluctuation of the super capacitor caused by the load is avoided when the discharge loop of the super capacitor is opened and closed, so that the discharge loop shakes back and forth. The super capacitor discharge can be effectively controlled, and the back and forth switching of the discharge process is prevented.

Meanwhile, a mode of combining software and hardware is adopted to realize the monitoring of the voltage of the super capacitor; the super capacitor discharges preferentially, the nickel-metal hydride battery discharges later, and the two backup power supplies are switched seamlessly; the hardware is started and wakes up, the software is closed at regular time, the discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery is closed at regular time, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Finally, the temperature of the system for controlling the super capacitor to switch the terminal power supply is monitored and predicted by utilizing the random forest model, so that the response time of maintenance personnel to the abnormal temperature of the terminal equipment is shortened, the protection is provided for the terminal equipment in remote areas and extreme weather areas, which features are most important for temperature prediction is determined, the key monitoring of the features is realized, and the operation safety of the terminal equipment applying the invention and the response speed to the abnormal temperature are improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings required for the embodiments are briefly described below, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, these drawings showing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description serve to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the person of ordinary skill in the art may admit to other equally relevant drawings without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram for a control module provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram for a switching module provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 shows a partial circuit schematic for a transformer module provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic system architecture of a temperature control module according to embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.

The correspondence between the reference numerals and the component names in the drawings is as follows:

10. A power module; 20. a control module; 30. a switching module; 40. a transformation module; 50. a temperature control module; 501. a temperature sensor; 502. a data acquisition unit; 503. and a data processing unit.

Detailed Description

For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, but not all embodiments. The components of the disclosed embodiments generally described and illustrated herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-5, an embodiment of the present invention is provided: a system for controlling a super capacitor switching terminal power supply, comprising:

A power module 10, a control module 20, a switching module 30, a transformation module 40, and a temperature control module 50;

the power module 10 is respectively connected with the control module 20 and the switching module 30; the transformation module 40 is respectively connected with the control module 20 and the switching module 30; the temperature control module 50 is respectively connected with the power module 10, the control module 20, the switching module 30 and the transformation module 40;

the power module 10 is configured to provide voltage signal input to the control module 20 and the switching module 30, wherein the power module 10 includes: a first target power supply and a second target power supply;

the control module 20 is configured to respond to input of a voltage signal of a first target power supply, and perform a first processing operation on the input voltage signal of the first target power supply to obtain a first voltage signal; based on the first voltage signal, performing state control on a first target power supply;

The switching module 30 is configured to compare a voltage signal of the first target power supply with a preset third threshold voltage, output a comparison result, and perform state control on the second target power supply based on the comparison result;

The voltage transformation module 40 is configured to perform a second processing operation on the output voltages of the control module 20 and the switching module 30, and output a first supply voltage;

The temperature control module 50 is configured to monitor and predict temperatures of the power module 10, the control module 20, the switching module 30, and the circuit board in the transformation module 40, and to issue an alarm when the predicted temperatures exceed a preset threshold.

In specific implementation, the system for controlling the super capacitor to switch the terminal power supply can be integrated inside the device, can exist outside the device under the condition of external conditions, and can also be flexibly applied to the target power supply device as a detachable module. The power module 10 is used for supplying power to the whole system, the control module 20 and the switching module 30 are used for monitoring and processing voltage signals output by the power module 10, the transformation module 40 is used for boosting or stabilizing the voltage processed by the control module 20 and the switching module 30 so as to provide working voltage required by the terminal equipment, and the temperature control module 50 is used for monitoring and predicting the temperature of the whole system and warning abnormal temperature.

In an exemplary embodiment, the power module 10 includes two power sources for supplying power, which are a supercapacitor and a nickel-metal hydride battery, respectively, and the specific arrangement and connection modes of the two power sources in the power module 10 are not limited.

For example, as shown in fig. 1, the control module 20 and the switching module 30 are respectively connected to the power module 10, and the power voltage signals of the two power supplies in the power module 10, i.e. the super capacitor and the nickel-metal hydride battery, are received by the control module 20 and the switching module 30 for monitoring and processing the voltage signals. The control module 20 and the switching module 30 are respectively connected with the voltage transformation module 40, and after receiving the voltage signals output by the control module 20 and the switching module 30, the voltage transformation module 40 performs voltage transformation or voltage stabilization processing on the voltage signals based on the working voltage value required by the powered equipment so as to output working voltage capable of enabling the powered equipment to stably work.

For the control module 20, please refer to fig. 2.

In an alternative embodiment, the control module 20 includes:

A flip-flop circuit and an enable control circuit; the trigger circuit is respectively connected with an initial voltage signal and the enabling control circuit; wherein the trigger circuit is a schmitt trigger circuit, comprising: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first transistor Q1, and a second transistor Q2; the enable control circuit includes: a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, a third transistor Q3, and a fourth transistor Q4;

the enabling control circuit is used for performing state control on a first target power supply based on the first voltage signal;

The schmitt trigger (SCHMITT TRIGGER) is an electronic circuit, which is used for converting an analog signal into a digital signal, and is particularly effective when the boundaries of the signal are unclear or noise exists. The key characteristic of a schmitt trigger is that it has two thresholds: a high threshold and a low threshold, which define the point at which the signal transitions from low to high and from high to low. When the input voltage exceeds a high threshold, the trigger outputs a high level; when the input voltage is lower than the low threshold, a low level is output. If the input voltage is between the two thresholds, the output will remain in its final state, a behavior known as hysteresis or hysteresis, which helps to cancel noise and oscillations in the signal.

In practice, schmitt trigger circuits are constructed in a variety of ways, including but not limited to using bipolar transistors, field Effect Transistors (FETs), or integrated circuits. Embodiments of the present disclosure utilize transistors and resistors to form a schmitt trigger circuit. When the voltage signal input to the schmitt trigger is affected, for example: the output voltage of the power supply can float up and down due to temperature, power supply fluctuation, electromagnetic interference, line loss, switching noise, parasitic capacitance, inductance and the like, and if a single threshold trigger is adopted, the power supply output voltage is easy to fluctuate near the threshold voltage for controlling the power supply to be turned off and discharged, so that abnormal power supply of the power supply under interference is caused. While the two thresholds of the schmitt trigger can well cancel noise and oscillations in the power supply output voltage signal. It will be appreciated that other devices may be used to construct the schmitt trigger, as well as to take advantage of the functionality of the schmitt trigger.

In an implementation, the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 included in the schmitt trigger circuit may be NPN type in BJTs (Bipolar Junction Transistor, bipolar transistors); the third transistor Q3 in the enable control circuit may be an NPN transistor, and the fourth transistor Q3 may be a PMOS type field Effect transistor in a MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect);

In a specific implementation, the voltage signal output by the super capacitor in the power module 10 is input to the schmitt trigger circuit in the control module 20, and after the signal noise and the oscillation are eliminated by the schmitt trigger circuit, the schmitt trigger circuit can output a first voltage signal for controlling the off and the discharging states of the super capacitor, and the enable control circuit in the control module 20 can receive the first voltage signal and control the on and off states of the transistor in the enable control circuit by using the first voltage signal, so as to control the on and off states of the discharge loop of the super capacitor.

Illustratively, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage signal input to the schmitt trigger circuit is the voltage signal provided by the super capacitor in the power module 10, and if the two threshold voltages of the schmitt trigger are 3.2V and 2.7V, respectively, the voltage signal output by the schmitt trigger circuit will not change even if the voltage signal provided by the super capacitor has a floating of ±0.2 around 3V, i.e., the off/discharge state of the super capacitor will not be changed. Noise and oscillations in the signal are eliminated.

The first end of the first transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1 and one end of the second resistor R2, the second end of the first transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5 and the output interface of the first voltage signal, the third end of the first transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the third resistor R3 and the first end of the second transistor Q2, the third end of the second transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the input end of an initial voltage signal, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded, the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the other end of the fourth resistor R4, the other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded, the first end of the third transistor Q3 is connected to one end of the sixth resistor R6, the third end of the third transistor Q3 is grounded, the other end of the third transistor Q7 is connected to the third end of the third resistor R7, the other end of the third transistor Q4 is connected to the output interface of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the third transistor Q7 is connected to the other end of the third resistor Q4.

In response to the first voltage signal being at a high level, enabling the third transistor Q3 to be turned on, enabling the fourth transistor Q4 to be turned on by the third transistor Q3, and controlling the first target power supply to output a high level;

In response to the first voltage signal being at a low level, the third transistor Q3 is enabled to be turned off, the third transistor Q3 enables the fourth transistor Q4 to be turned off, and the first target power supply is controlled to output a low level.

Illustratively, in the control module 20 shown in FIG. 2, the voltage of the super capacitor is labeled VCAP, which is processed by the Schmitt trigger circuit formed by the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 to activate the enable control circuit. When VCAP is in a low level state, the first transistor Q1 in the schmitt trigger circuit is turned off, the second transistor Q2 is turned on, and the output voltage of the schmitt trigger circuit is reduced to a low level, so that the third transistor Q3 is in an off state and outputs a high level, which turns off the fourth transistor Q4, and VCAP-OUT outputs a low level, so that the supercapacitor does not discharge at this time. Conversely, when VCAP is high, the Schmitt trigger outputs a high level, and the third transistor Q3 is activated to turn on, thereby causing VCAP-OUT to output a high level, at which time the supercapacitor begins to discharge. In order to ensure that the circuit has well-defined on and off thresholds, the value of the third resistor R3 is greater than the fourth resistor R4 in the circuit configuration of the schmitt trigger. Thus, when the second transistor Q2 is turned on, the current flowing through the fifth resistor R5 will be greater than the current when the first transistor Q1 is turned off, ensuring that the voltage threshold required for the discharge loop of the supercapacitor when turned on is higher than when turned off. This design provides a threshold that enables the control module 20 to effectively enable control of the supercapacitors within the power module 10. In addition, since the opening voltage threshold of the discharging loop is higher than the closing threshold, even if the voltage of the super capacitor fluctuates due to load after power failure, frequent switching of the super capacitor in the discharging process can not be caused.

For example, the discharge loop of the supercapacitor will perform on and off operations at threshold voltages of 3.2V and 2.7V, respectively, when the VCAP of the supercapacitor is 3.2V, the control module 20 will control the discharge loop of the supercapacitor to be opened, and the supercapacitor will discharge, if the supercapacitor is affected by temperature or electromagnetic interference at this time, so that the VCAP of the supercapacitor floats to 3.4V at the highest and to 2.8V at the lowest, then the discharge loop of the supercapacitor will still be in an opened state based on the characteristics of the schmitt trigger, and noise and oscillation in the signal are eliminated.

Adjusting the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage by changing the resistance values of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2;

The first threshold voltage, when the second transistor Q2 starts to be turned on, and the first transistor Q1 is turned off, has the following expression:

×)

wherein, Is the first threshold voltage of the first voltage,Is the base-emitter turn-on voltage of the second transistor Q2,Is the saturation voltage of the second transistor Q2,Is the collector current through the second transistor Q2,、AndThe resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 in the circuit are as follows;

the second threshold voltage, when the first transistor Q1 starts to be turned on and the second transistor Q2 is turned off, has the following expression:

wherein, Is the second threshold voltage of the first voltage,Is the base-emitter turn-on voltage of the first transistor Q1,AndThe resistance values of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are respectively.

In an implementation, the first threshold voltage of the Schmitt trigger in the control module 20And a second threshold voltageThe resistance values of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 in fig. 2 can be changed to adjust to meet the actual application requirements.

For the above-mentioned switching module 30, please refer to fig. 3.

In an alternative embodiment, the switching module 30 includes:

The first voltage monitoring chip U1, the first enabling end KEY-EN, the second enabling end BAT-EN and the power supply switching circuit; wherein, the first voltage monitoring chip U1 includes: a first port VCC, a second port GND, and a third port RST; the power supply switching circuit includes: an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fifth transistor Q5, a sixth transistor Q6, and a seventh transistor Q7;

the first voltage monitoring chip U1 is configured to monitor a voltage value of the first target power supply, compare the voltage of the first target power supply with a third threshold voltage, and output a high/low level based on a comparison result;

The first enable terminal KEY-EN is used for outputting a high/low level signal to control the power supply switching circuit;

the second enable terminal BAT-EN is used for outputting a high/low level signal to control the power supply switching circuit;

The power supply switching circuit is configured to respond to a change of high and low level signals of the first enable terminal KEY-EN and the second enable terminal BAT-EN, and is configured to switch a current power supply, where the current power supply is the first target power supply or the second target power supply.

In an alternative embodiment, the first voltage monitoring chip U1 includes:

the first port VCC is connected to the first target power supply, the second port GND is grounded, and the third port RST is connected to the power supply switching circuit. The third port RST outputs a high level in response to the voltage of the first target power supply being greater than or equal to the third threshold voltage, and the third port RST outputs a low level in response to the first target power supply voltage being less than the third threshold voltage.

In a specific implementation, the embodiment of the disclosure is not limited to a specific model of the first voltage monitoring chip U1, the first port VCC of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 may be connected to a target power supply for monitoring, and when the power supply voltage of the target power supply is lower than/higher than a preset voltage, the third port RST of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 outputs a low/high level, so as to control the entire power supply switching circuit, that is, control the power supply state of the target power supply.

For example, when the first port VCC of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 is connected to the voltage signal of the super capacitor, and when the voltage of the super capacitor is monitored to be lower than 3V, the third port RST of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 outputs a low level, so as to realize the power supply state control of the subsequent power supply switching circuit on the nickel-metal hydride battery.

In an alternative embodiment, the first enabling end KEY-EN includes: waking up a key signal output end;

the wake-up KEY signal output end is used for controlling the first enabling end KEY-EN to output high level to the power supply switching circuit after the wake-up KEY is pressed.

In a specific implementation, when the wake-up button is pressed due to preset voltage, current and temperature conditions, the first enable KEY-EN in the switching module 30 outputs a high level to the power switching circuit, so as to activate the entire switching module 30.

For example, when the KEY is pressed, the first enable end KEY-EN outputs a high level to realize the power supply state control of the subsequent power supply switching circuit on the nickel-metal hydride battery, and in the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is designed that the entire discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery is activated by being electrified after the KEY physical entity wakes up the KEY to trigger, that is, the switching module 30 is activated by being electrified, and the activated switching module 30 will realize the control on the discharging state of the nickel-metal hydride battery.

In an alternative embodiment, the second enabling terminal BAT-EN includes: a software enabling control output;

the software enabling control output end is used for outputting a level signal to the power supply switching circuit; and controlling the second enabling terminal BAT-EN to output a low level to the power supply switching circuit in response to the end of the preset working time timing of the second target power supply, and controlling the second enabling terminal BAT-EN to output a high level to the power supply switching circuit in response to the fact that the preset working time timing of the second target power supply is not ended.

In a specific implementation, if the discharging state of the nickel-metal hydride battery is controlled only by the nickel-metal hydride battery discharging loop, the voltage or current monitoring circuit is matched, energy loss occurs when the power supply of the nickel-metal hydride battery and the super capacitor is switched, that is, the super capacitor starts to supply power, but the discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery is still in an on state, which causes the power loss in the whole power module 10, the embodiment of the disclosure designs a second enabling end BAT-EN, which is a software enabling control output end, when the working time of the software design backup power supply reaches, the second enabling end BAT-EN outputs a low level, the power switching circuit is matched to realize the complete closing of the discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery, and the second enabling end BAT-EN outputs a high level in the working time of the software design backup power supply, which does not affect the discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery which is supplying power.

In an alternative embodiment, the power switching circuit includes:

The first end of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to one end of the eighth resistor R8, the second end of the fifth transistor Q5 is grounded, the third end of the fifth transistor Q5 is connected to one end of the tenth resistor R10 and one end of the eleventh resistor R11, the first end of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to the other end of the eleventh resistor R11, the second end of the sixth transistor Q6 is grounded, the third end of the sixth transistor Q6 is connected to one end of the twelfth resistor R12 and the first end of the seventh transistor Q7, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to a third port RST of the first voltage monitoring chip U1, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are commonly connected to one end of the ninth resistor R9 and the other end of the tenth resistor R10, an anode of the third diode D1 is used for inputting an enable signal of the first enable terminal KEY-KEY, the third end of the third transistor Q6 is connected to the first end of the seventh transistor Q7, the other end of the third diode D2 is connected to the anode of the seventh resistor Q7 is connected to the other end of the seventh resistor Q3, and the other end of the third transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the eighth resistor Q2 is connected to the enable signal of the eighth resistor.

In an alternative embodiment, the switching module 30 is configured to compare the voltage signal of the first target power supply with a third threshold voltage, output a comparison result, and perform state control on the second target power supply based on the comparison result, and includes:

In response to the first enable terminal KEY-EN outputting a high level or the voltage of the first target power supply being less than the third threshold voltage, the second enable terminal will output a high level while supplying power using the second target power supply;

In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 3, after receiving the voltage VCAP of the super capacitor, the first voltage monitoring chip U1 compares the voltage VCAP with a preset third threshold voltage, when the voltage VCAP of the super capacitor is greater than or equal to the third threshold voltage, the third port RST of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 outputs a high level, at this time, the fifth transistor Q5 is turned on, Q6 is turned off, Q6 outputs a high level, the seventh transistor Q7 is turned off, and the discharge loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery VBAT is turned off. Otherwise, if the voltage VCAP of the super capacitor is smaller than the third threshold voltage, the third port RST of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 outputs a low level, at this time, the fifth transistor Q5 is turned off, the Q6 is turned on, the Q6 outputs a low level, the seventh transistor Q7 is turned on, and the discharge loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery VBAT is turned on. Meanwhile, the KEY-EN is output by the wake-up KEY, when the KEY is pressed down due to preset voltage, current, temperature and other factors, the KEY-EN outputs a high level, at the moment, the Q6 is conducted, the Q6 outputs a low level, and the Q7 is conducted, so that the start-up wake-up of the battery is realized. BAT-EN is a software enabling control output end, a normal BAT-EN outputs a high level, and provides a conducting voltage for a triode Q6, when the working power supply time of a nickel-metal hydride battery designed by software reaches, the BAT-EN outputs a low level, at the moment, the Q6 is turned off, the Q6 outputs a high level, the Q7 is turned off, a nickel-metal hydride battery discharging loop is turned off, the enabling control of a backup battery is automatically carried out by the software, the nickel-metal hydride battery discharging loop can be completely turned off, battery leakage is prevented, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

For example, when the main power supply fails to stop the power supply, the power wake-up KEY is pressed to trigger the first enable end KEY-EN to output a high level, the entire switching module 30 is activated, the control module 20 controls the first target power super capacitor to discharge, and the super capacitor begins to discharge only when the voltage of the super capacitor is greater than the threshold value in cooperation with the function of the control module 20; meanwhile, the super capacitor is turned off to discharge whenever the super capacitor is lower than a certain threshold value. When the discharge loop of the super capacitor is opened and closed, voltage fluctuation of the super capacitor caused by a load is avoided, so that the discharge loop shakes back and forth. The super capacitor discharge can be effectively controlled, and the back and forth switching of the discharge process is prevented. When the super capacitor is discharged after the power consumption is turned off, the first voltage monitoring chip U1 in the switching module 30 will respond to the VCAP voltage being smaller than the third threshold voltage, the third port RST of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 outputs a low level to control the VBAT discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery to be turned on, at this time, the second enabling terminal BAT-EN outputs a high level and starts to time, and responds to the preset end of the nickel-metal hydride battery working time, the second enabling terminal BAT-EN outputs a low level to control the VBAT discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery to be turned off. The automatic control of the enabling of the backup battery through software can completely shut off the nickel-hydrogen battery discharging loop, prevent battery leakage and improve the service life of the battery.

For example, in some circumstances, the main power supply may intermittently supply power, and due to the fast charging property of the super capacitor, the stored charge of the super capacitor may be refilled, if the preset nickel-metal hydride battery operating time timer has not yet ended, the super capacitor VCAP is greater than or equal to the third threshold voltage again, and the first voltage monitoring chip U1 in the switching module 30 will respond to the VCAP voltage being greater than or equal to the third threshold voltage, the third port RST of the first voltage monitoring chip U1 outputs a high level, and the discharging loop of the nickel-metal hydride battery VBAT is controlled to be closed.

For the above-mentioned transformation module 40, please refer to fig. 4.

In an alternative embodiment, the transformation module 40 includes:

The first voltage transformation chip U2 and the voltage transformation circuit; wherein, the first transformer chip U2 includes: a first port GND, a second port OC, a third port VCC, a fourth port EN, a fifth port GND, a sixth port FB, a seventh port NC, an eighth port LX and a ninth port EP; the voltage transformation circuit includes: sixteenth resistor R16, seventeenth resistor R17, eighteenth resistor R18, fourth diode D4, fifth diode D5, first inductor L1, first capacitor C1, third capacitor C3, fourth capacitor C4, fifth capacitor C5, and sixth capacitor C6;

the first transforming chip U2 and the transforming circuit are configured to perform a second processing operation on the output voltages of the control module 20 and the switching module 30, and output a first supply voltage.

In an alternative embodiment, the transformation module 40 further includes: the first port GND is grounded, the second port OC is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor R16, the third port VCC is connected to the output voltage of the control module 20 and the switching module 30, one end of the first inductor L1, one end of the fifth capacitor C5 and one end of the sixth capacitor C6, the fourth port EN is connected to the output voltage of the control module 20 and the switching module 30, one end of the first inductor L1, one end of the fifth capacitor C5 and one end of the sixth capacitor C6, the fifth port GND is grounded, the sixth port FB is connected to one end of the seventeenth resistor R17 and one end of the eighteenth resistor R18, the seventh port NC is empty, the eighth port LX is connected to the other end of the first inductor L1 and the anode of the fourth diode D4, the ninth port EP is grounded, the other end of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded, the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is grounded, the other end of the eighteenth resistor R18 is grounded, the other end of the seventeenth resistor R17 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode D4, one end of the third capacitor C3, one end of the fourth capacitor C4 and the anode of the fifth diode D5, the other end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded, the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 for voltage output after voltage transformation, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded.

in response to the output voltages of the control module 20 and the switching module 30 being smaller than the first supply voltage, the output voltage is boosted to the first supply voltage by the first transformation chip and the transformation circuit, and the first supply voltage is output;

In response to the output voltages of the control module 20 and the switching module 30 being greater than the first supply voltage, the output voltage is stabilized at the first supply voltage by the first transformation chip and the transformation circuit, and the first supply voltage is output.

In particular implementations, U2 is a DC-DC boost chip, typically an Integrated Circuit (IC), responsible for controlling the overall boost conversion process. It has several pins including Ground (GND), over-current protection (OC) Enable (EN), power supply input (VCC), feedback (FB) and switching node (LX). The FB pin is used for monitoring output voltage and adjusting the boosting degree according to a set feedback mechanism so as to maintain stable output voltage; the first inductor L1 is an inductor of the boost converter, and is used for storing energy and releasing the energy in the opening and closing actions of the switching device to generate a boost effect; the fourth diode D4 and the fifth diode D5 are used for preventing the current from flowing reversely when the inductor discharges, and keeping the current flowing unidirectionally to the output end; the fifth capacitor C5 and the sixth capacitor C6 work together with the first inductor L1 to help smooth the input voltage and reduce voltage ripple; the seventeenth resistor R17 and the eighteenth resistor R18 function as a voltage divider that feeds back a portion of the output voltage to the FB pin of the IC. The IC adjusts the switching frequency and the duty cycle on the LX pin according to the feedback signal to stabilize the output voltage; the sixteenth resistor R16 is used to provide overcurrent protection; the first capacitor C1, the third capacitor C3 and the fourth capacitor C4 are used for stabilizing the output voltage and reducing the voltage ripple of the output terminal.

For example, the output voltages of the super capacitor and the nickel-metal hydride battery in the power module 10 may fluctuate due to the influence of various factors such as temperature, internal chemicals, voltage, etc., and a certain voltage transformation and stabilization operation is required for the super capacitor voltage output by the control module 20 and the nickel-metal hydride battery output by the switching module 30 to provide the normal operating voltage of the supporting electrical appliance for the electrical appliance.

For the temperature control module 50 for monitoring and predicting the temperatures of the power module 10, the control module 20, the switching module 30 and the transformation module 40, please refer to fig. 5.

In an alternative embodiment, the temperature control module 50 includes:

The temperature sensor 501 is deployed at a key part of the circuit board and is used for collecting temperature data in real time;

A data acquisition unit 502, connected to the temperature sensor 501, for receiving and storing the temperature data and other related operation parameter data;

A data processing unit 503 is connected to the data acquisition unit 502 for performing feature engineering, including feature selection and feature construction, and preparing a data set for model training and prediction.

In implementations, the temperature sensor 501 may be disposed at a number of critical locations on the circuit board, such as near a heat source, such as a power source, a capacitor, and a voltage converter. These sensors can monitor temperature changes in real time and transmit data to the data acquisition unit 502.

The data acquisition unit 502 is equipped with a memory to record temperature data and other critical operating parameters such as current, voltage and power consumption in real time.

The data processing unit 503 has a certain processing power for implementing feature engineering, including but not limited to feature selection, feature construction. For example, it may calculate the rate of change of temperature, or construct a temperature moving average characteristic over a period of time.

The purpose of feature construction, among other things, is to create new features from existing data to enhance the predictive capabilities of the model. For example, calculating the rate of change of temperature between adjacent time points may utilize a functional expression:

wherein, Is the rate of change of temperature at adjacent points in time,Is the temperature at the current point in time,Is the temperature at the last point in time,Is a time interval.

For example, calculating a moving average of temperature over a period of time may utilize a functional expression:

wherein, Is a moving average of the temperature over a period of time,Is the temperature at the i-th time point and n is the time window length.

Illustratively, calculating a standard deviation of temperature within a certain time window to measure the magnitude of temperature fluctuation may use a functional expression:

wherein, Is the standard deviation of the temperature within a certain time window,Is the temperature at the i-th time point, n is the time window length,Is the average temperature.

By way of example, there are a series of continuously measured temperature values (units: degrees celsius): 22, 23, 25, 24, 26, 27, 27, 28,29, 30, assuming a time interval of 1 hour for each measurement. The rate of change of temperature is obtained by calculating the temperature change between adjacent time points, and the following rate of change (in degrees celsius/hour) can be obtained: 1, 2, -1, 2, 1, 0, 1,1, 1. And for a moving average window of 3 hours, the moving average temperature values are respectively: 23.33,24,25,25.67,26.67,27.33,28,29 degrees celsius. For the same 3 hour window, the temperature criteria were respectively: 1.25, 0.82, 0.82, 1.25, 0.47, 0.47, 0.82, 0.82 degrees celsius. These calculations demonstrate how the rate of temperature change, moving average and standard deviation can be derived from the actual measured data and can be input as features into the temperature prediction model.

Among them, a moving average window of 3 hours is a method of calculating an average of time-series data, which can smooth short-term fluctuations and highlight long-term trends. In this method, the average is calculated over a continuous 3 hour period and updated by rolling over time. Specifically, for each successive 3 hour window of time, an average of all temperature readings within that window may be taken. The window is then scrolled forward for a unit of time (e.g., 1 hour) and the average of the new window is calculated. This process is continued until all time points are covered. For example: for time series temperature readings 22, 23, 25, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 recorded once per hour, when calculating the moving average for 3 hours, the first three hours of temperature (22, 23, 25) are taken and their average is calculated to give: 23.33; the window is then moved, the temperature (23, 25, 24) is taken for the next three hours, and the average is calculated to give: this calculation continues until the average of all possible 3 hour windows is calculated 24.

In an alternative embodiment, the data processing unit 503 further includes:

In a specific implementation, the circuit board temperature can be used as a target variable, the power consumption, the current and the time can be used as data characteristics to construct a data set for model training and prediction, and training of a random forest model can be performed.

For example, three characteristic parameters of power consumption, current magnitude, and operating time may be compared to determine which has the greatest effect on the outcome of predicting circuit board temperature.

Wherein MSE is the average of the squares of the differences between the actual values of the circuit board temperature and the predicted values of the random forest model to the circuit board temperature, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data, Is the i-th circuit board temperature true value,The i-th random forest model is used for carrying out fitting and data distribution inspection on the random forest model if the actual mean square error value is lower than the expected mean square error value, and carrying out characteristic scaling and transformation if the actual mean square error value is higher than the expected mean square error value; if the actual mean square error value is equal to the expected mean square error value, no operation is performed;

where RMSE is the square root of MSE, providing a measure of error in the same units as the original data, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data, Is the i-th circuit board temperature true value,The i-th random forest model is used for carrying out fitting and data distribution inspection on the random forest model if the actual root mean square error value is lower than the expected root mean square error value, and carrying out characteristic scaling and transformation if the actual root mean square error value is higher than the expected root mean square error value; if the actual root mean square error value is equal to the expected root mean square error value, no operation is performed;

wherein, Is a determining coefficient, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data,Is the i-th circuit board temperature true value,Is the i-th predicted value of the random forest model to the temperature of the circuit board,Is the average value of the true values of the circuit board temperature,The closer the value is to 1, the better the predictive ability of the random forest model to the circuit board temperature, if the actual decision coefficient value is lower than the expected decision coefficient value, scaling and transforming the features in the model;

The feature importance of the random forest model is analyzed to determine which features are most important for temperature prediction.

In implementations, the feature importance can be calculated using average reduction in non-purity, and the random forest is made up of multiple decision trees, in each of which the splitting of the nodes is based on a feature to maximize the increase in node purity (i.e., the decrease in information gain in classification problems or variance in regression problems). Feature importance may be achieved by summing the reduction in the degree of non-purity of the feature at the split points in all trees and averaging them, and then normalizing all features to ensure their sum of importance is 1.

It will be appreciated that the computation of feature importance is typically integrated into the model training process and is readily available from the model, and that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to a particular method of computation.

By way of example, if the characteristic importance of the power consumption is 0.71; the characteristic importance of the current magnitude is: 0.23; the characteristic importance of the on-time is 0.06, which means that in this analog dataset, power consumption is the most important feature for predicting the circuit board temperature, followed by current, while the effect of the on-time on the prediction results is relatively small.

In this way, power consumption and current may be monitored with emphasis because they have a greater impact on temperature, so that these parameters may be more finely controlled in the system design to improve performance and safety.

Example 2

Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the disclosure further provides a method corresponding to a system for controlling the power supply of the super capacitor switching terminal, and since the principle of solving the problem in the method in the embodiment of the disclosure is similar to that of the system for controlling the power supply of the super capacitor switching terminal in the embodiment of the disclosure, implementation of the method can refer to implementation of the system, and repeated parts are omitted.

A method for controlling a super capacitor switching terminal power supply comprises the following steps:

acquiring a voltage signal of a first target power supply;

Performing a second processing operation on the output voltages of the control module 20 and the switching module 30, and outputting a first power supply voltage;

The temperatures of the power module 10, the control module 20, the switching module 30 and the circuit board in the transformation module 40 are monitored and predicted, and an alarm is issued when the predicted temperatures exceed a preset threshold.

In an implementation, the method of using the temperature control module 50 includes the steps of:

collecting temperature data and other relevant operation parameter data of the circuit board in real time;

Performing feature engineering to prepare a dataset;

training a random forest model to predict the temperature of the circuit board;

Evaluating performance of the random forest model using test data;

And monitoring the temperature of the circuit board in real time, and giving an alarm when the predicted temperature exceeds a preset threshold.

In a specific implementation, the feature engineering includes: features are extracted from the temperature data and the operating parameter data, and a temperature change rate, a moving average of the temperature, and a standard deviation of the temperature are constructed as new features.

It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, the sequence number of each process described above does not mean that the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

It will be appreciated that determining B from a does not mean determining B from a alone, but rather B from a and/or other information.

The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination. When implemented in software, the above-described embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product comprises one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are produced in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another, for example, by way of wired or/and wireless networks from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another. Computer readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or data storage devices, such as servers, data centers, etc. that contain one or more collections of available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium may be a solid state disk.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described method and system may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not described herein again.

In the several embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and systems may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described method embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is merely one, and there may be additional divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interface, or indirect coupling or communication connection of units, which may be in electrical, mechanical, or other form.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, i.e. may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network modules. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.

In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A system for controlling a super capacitor to switch between terminal power supplies, comprising:

2. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control module comprises:

3. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 2, wherein the schmitt trigger circuit and the enable control circuit comprise:

4. A system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 3, wherein the schmitt trigger circuit is configured to perform a first processing operation on an input voltage signal of a first target power supply to obtain a first voltage signal, and includes:

5. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 2, wherein the enabling control circuit is configured to perform state control on a first target power supply based on the first voltage signal, and includes:

6. The system for controlling the power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 4, wherein the schmitt trigger circuit and the enable control circuit further comprise:

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wherein, Is the first threshold voltage,/>Is the base-emitter turn-on voltage of the second transistor,Is the saturation voltage of the second transistor,/>Is the collector current through the second transistor,/>、/>AndThe resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor and the fourth resistor in the circuit;

；

wherein, Is the second threshold voltage,/>Is the base-emitter turn-on voltage of the first transistor,/>/>The resistance values of the first resistor and the second resistor are respectively.

7. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 1, wherein the switching module comprises:

8. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 7, wherein the first voltage monitoring chip comprises:

9. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 7, wherein the first enabling terminal includes: waking up a key signal output end;

10. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 7, wherein the second enabling terminal includes: a software enabling control output;

11. The system for controlling power to a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 7, wherein the power switching circuit comprises:

12. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 10, wherein the switching module is configured to compare a voltage signal of the first target power supply with a third threshold voltage, output a comparison result, and perform state control on a second target power supply based on the comparison result, and includes:

13. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 1, wherein the transformation module comprises: the first voltage transformation chip and the voltage transformation circuit; wherein, first vary voltage chip includes: a first port, a second port, a third port, a fourth port, a fifth port, a sixth port, a seventh port, an eighth port, and a ninth port; the voltage transformation circuit includes: sixteenth resistor, seventeenth resistor, eighteenth resistor, fourth diode, fifth diode, first inductor, first capacitor, third capacitor, fourth capacitor, fifth capacitor and sixth capacitor;

14. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 13, wherein the transformation module further comprises: the first port is grounded, the second port is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor, the third port is connected to one end of the seventeenth resistor and one end of the eighteenth resistor, the seventh port is empty, the eighth port is connected to the other end of the first inductor and the anode of the fourth diode, the ninth port is grounded, the other end of the fifth capacitor is grounded, the other end of the eighteenth resistor is grounded, the other end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the other end of the fourth diode is grounded, the other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded, the other end of the sixteenth resistor is connected to the other end of the fifth diode is grounded, the other end of the fifth capacitor is grounded, the other end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the other end of the fourth diode is grounded, and the other end of the fourth diode is grounded.

15. The system for controlling power to a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 13, wherein the second processing operation includes: boosting and stabilizing voltage, comprising:

16. The system for controlling a power supply of a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control module comprises:

17. The system for controlling power to a supercapacitor switching terminal according to claim 16, wherein the data processing unit includes:

；

Wherein MSE is the average of the squares of the differences between the actual values of the circuit board temperature and the predicted values of the random forest model to the circuit board temperature, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data, Is the temperature true value of the ith circuit board,/>The i-th random forest model is used for carrying out fitting and data distribution inspection on the random forest model if the actual mean square error value is smaller than the expected mean square error value, and carrying out characteristic scaling and transformation if the actual mean square error value is larger than the expected mean square error value; if the actual mean square error value is equal to the expected mean square error value, no operation is performed;

；

where RMSE is the square root of MSE, providing a measure of error in the same units as the original data, n is the number of samples of the circuit board temperature data, Is the temperature true value of the ith circuit board,/>The i-th random forest model is used for carrying out fitting and data distribution inspection on the random forest model if the actual root mean square error value is smaller than the expected root mean square error value, and carrying out characteristic scaling and transformation if the actual root mean square error value is larger than the expected root mean square error value; if the actual root mean square error value is equal to the expected root mean square error value, no operation is performed;

；

wherein, Is a determining coefficient, n is the number of samples of the temperature data of the circuit board,/>Is the i-th circuit board temperature true value,Is the predicted value of the ith random forest model to the temperature of the circuit board,/>Is the average value of the temperature true value of the circuit board,/>The closer the value is to 1, the better the predicting ability of the random forest model to the circuit board temperature is, if the actual decision coefficient value is smaller than the expected decision coefficient value, scaling and transforming the characteristics in the model;

18. A method of controlling a supercapacitor switching terminal power supply, which is implemented based on a system for controlling a supercapacitor switching terminal power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 17, and is characterized by comprising:

acquiring a voltage signal of a first target power supply;