CN118070954A - Comprehensive energy system optimization method considering biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas - Google Patents
Comprehensive energy system optimization method considering biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013486 operation strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive energy system optimization method considering biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas, and belongs to the field of comprehensive energy systems. Finely modeling the gas-producing component of the biomass gasification system to calculate carbon emissions; establishing a gas turbine output model under the influence of the calorific value of biomass gasification gas; establishing an energy balance model of a comprehensive energy system; and solving an operation model of the comprehensive energy system considering the use of the biomass gasification gas to replace the natural gas based on a genetic algorithm. The invention verifies the superiority of the proposed comprehensive energy system by analyzing the 3E performance of the comprehensive energy system before and after replacement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multi-energy utilization of a comprehensive energy system, in particular relates to the consumption of renewable energy sources and the replacement of natural gas, and in particular relates to a comprehensive energy system optimization method considering the use of biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas.
Background
By reducing carbon emissions using sustainable and renewable fuels, the effects of climate change can be reduced. This is one of the main approaches to prevent humans from facing future energy disasters. Several technologies are considered to be good alternatives to conventional energy systems. Conventional energy systems rely on fossil fuel supply sources, including coal, oil, and natural gas. Alternative renewable energy sources include geothermal, wind, hydraulic, wave, solar, waste, biomass, and the like, which vary in availability, feasibility, and technology maturity. However, of the various renewable energy types already listed, the only one that has no limitations related to accessibility and availability is biomass energy. Biomass is a substitute for reducing pollution in the environment and improving energy independent of fossil fuel, and particularly biomass gasification gas replaces natural gas to generate electricity and supply heat. The research on replacing a comprehensive energy system by biomass gasification gas is less at present, and the composition and the heat value of gasified fuel gas are different due to different biomass raw material components, so that the thermoelectric ratio of a gas turbine is changed by using the biomass gasification gas; and (3) verifying carbon emission corresponding to the biomass gasification gas components, wherein a thermoelectric output model of the gas turbine needs to be subjected to refined modeling. How to complete operation modeling on a comprehensive energy system considering the use of biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas and to fix the volume of equipment is an important way to apply biomass gasification gas to the comprehensive energy system, improve the renewable energy duty ratio and finally realize the double-carbon target.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the research problems, the invention provides a comprehensive energy system optimization method considering the use of biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas.
The comprehensive energy system taking the biomass gasification gas into consideration for replacing natural gas has the following structure: the comprehensive energy system equipment comprises a photovoltaic system, a gas turbine, a heat recoverer, an auxiliary boiler, an electric energy storage tank, a heat storage tank, an absorption refrigerator, heat exchange equipment and a biomass gasification system. The biomass gasification system comprises a biomass gasification furnace, a cyclone separator and a gas storage tank.
The comprehensive energy system optimization method considering the use of biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas comprises the following steps:
Step 1: modeling a biomass gasification system by adopting a thermochemical balance model, wherein a formula of gasification reaction of biomass raw material CH xOyNzSw and air can be expressed as follows:
Wherein a and b are the molar ratio of water to oxygen, respectively, per thousand moles of biomass; r is the number of moles of the product. Reactions within the gasification zone include water gas shift reactions and methane reactions. The chemical expression is as follows:
The equilibrium constant of the reaction at a reference standard atmospheric pressure P 0 (101.325 kPa) at a pressure P is:
Where x i and v i are the mole fraction and the stoichiometric number of the i-th species, respectively, and r total is the total number of moles of the product gas. In a regression model with air as gasifying agent and gasifying temperature of T G (K), K 1 and K 2 were calculated as follows:
the calculation formula of biomass gasification gas carbon emission is as follows:
Wherein: m bio is the mass of biomass feedstock that participates in the gasification reaction.
Step 2: modeling that the power generation efficiency of a gas turbine is affected by the calorific value of biomass gasification gas can be fitted with the following formula:
wherein, Is the rated electric power of the gas turbine when natural gas is used, N e is the actual electric efficiency of the gas turbine under the influence of the low heat value of mixed combustible gas, and LHV bio and LHV ng are the low heat values of biomass gasification gas and natural gas.
Step 3: the comprehensive energy system follows the thermoelectric balance, and the comprehensive energy system meets the following thermoelectric balance whether in a thermoelectric mode or an electric heating mode:
Qac×COPac≥Qc
Wherein E grid、Epv、Epgu, E d is the power grid purchase power (kw), the photovoltaic output (kw), the gas turbine output (kw), the electric energy storage discharge and charge power (kw) and the electric load (kw) at the moment t. Q r、Qab,/>Q ac、Qhot、ηhe、COPac and Q c are t time instant heat recoverer recovery heat power (kw), auxiliary boiler output (kw), heat storage tank discharge, heat storage capacity (kw), absorption chiller power (kw), heat load (kw), heat exchanger efficiency, absorption chiller refrigeration coefficient and refrigeration load.
Step 4: and 3E, measuring the characteristics of the comprehensive energy system by adopting 3E analysis: cost saving rate, carbon dioxide emission reduction rate and primary energy saving rate.
The annual cost savings ATCSR is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein: ATC SP is the annual running cost of the split supply System (SP), the SP is powered by the power grid, the electric refrigerator is used for cooling, and the boiler is assisted for heating. ATC IES is the annual operating cost of the Integrated Energy System (IES).
The annual carbon dioxide reduction rate CDESR is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein: CDE SP is the annual carbon dioxide emissions of SP and CDE IES is the annual carbon dioxide emissions of IES.
The annual primary energy saving rate PESR calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: PEC SP represents SP primary energy usage and PEC IES represents IES primary energy usage.
Divided into 8760 hours throughout the year, the complexity of the model would be greatly increased if the hourly output of each device was used as the optimization variable. To simplify model solution, decision goal selection is considered from the perspective of supply and energy demand. As the capacity of the gas turbine increases, the power generation and waste heat increases. The proper gas turbine capacity is selected to meet the requirements of the load side as far as possible without wasting energy. In general, the comprehensive energy system has a surplus of heat energy in the electric heating mode and a surplus of electric energy in the electric heating mode. Therefore, selecting appropriate capacities for the electrical energy storage and the thermal energy storage plays an important role in reducing energy waste and improving the operation performance of the integrated energy system. In addition, the biomass gasification subsystem takes the principle of meeting the use of biomass gasification gas by a gas turbine, and the configuration size of the biomass gasification subsystem is determined by the capacity of the gas turbine, so the capacity of the biomass gasification subsystem is not taken as a decision variable. The cooling load of the system is provided only by the absorption chiller. The optimal capacity of the absorption chiller can already be calculated from the cooling load, so the absorption chiller is not a decision variable either. And taking the capacity of the gas turbine, the capacity of the heat storage tank and the electric energy storage capacity as optimization variables, and adopting an optimization algorithm genetic algorithm to fix the volume of the equipment.
The invention adopts the technical scheme, and realizes the following beneficial effects: biomass replaces natural gas to supply heat and generate electricity, effective utilization of biomass is achieved, the renewable energy duty ratio of the system is further improved, and sustainability is enhanced. The biomass is used as a low-carbon emission energy source to replace natural gas so as to further improve the energy saving and emission reduction capacity of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an integrated energy system for biomass gasification gas replacement natural gas usage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a biomass gasifier;
FIG. 3 is a graph of system simulation performance results.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. In order to better illustrate the invention, matlab simulation software is adopted to carry out verification analysis on the proposed mathematical model, and the simulation performance result of the system is shown in figure 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive energy system taking into consideration the use of biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas has the following structure: the comprehensive energy system equipment comprises a photovoltaic system, a gas turbine, a heat recoverer, an auxiliary boiler, an electric energy storage tank, a heat storage tank, an absorption refrigerator, heat exchange equipment and a biomass gasification system. The biomass gasification system comprises a biomass gasification furnace, a cyclone separator and a gas storage tank.
The invention relates to a comprehensive energy system optimization method considering biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas, which comprises the following specific steps:
and step 1, deducing the ratio of each component of the biomass gasification gas according to the gasification reaction, and deducing an emission formula of carbon dioxide in a combustion product.
And 2, replacing natural gas with biomass gasification reaction, and establishing a gas turbine model under the combustion of biomass gasification gas.
And 3, establishing a 3E model of the comprehensive energy system, and adopting two operation strategies of heat and electricity utilization and heat utilization on the premise of meeting thermoelectric balance constraint by taking economy, energy and environment as objective functions.
And 4, optimizing the capacity of the comprehensive energy system shown in the figure 1 by adopting a genetic algorithm.
Step 1: a biomass gasification system is modeled by adopting a thermochemical balance model, the principle of the biomass gasification furnace is shown in figure 2, and the reactions of the gasification furnace are pyrolysis, oxidation and gasification. The formula for gasification reaction of biomass feedstock CH xOyNzSw with air can be expressed as follows:
Wherein a and b are the molar ratio of water to oxygen, respectively, per thousand moles of biomass; r is the number of moles of the product. Reactions within the gasification zone include water gas shift reactions and methane reactions. The chemical expression is as follows:
The equilibrium constant of the reaction at a reference standard atmospheric pressure P 0 at pressure P is:
Where x i and v i are the mole fraction and the stoichiometric number of the i-th species, respectively, and r total is the total number of moles of the product gas. In a regression model with air as gasifying agent and gasifying temperature of T G (K), K 1 and K 2 were calculated as follows:
the calculation formula of biomass gasification gas carbon emission is as follows:
Wherein: m bio is the mass of biomass feedstock that participates in the gasification reaction.
Step 2, because the heat value of the biomass gasification gas is greatly different from that of the natural gas, the efficiency of the gas turbine is reduced due to the biomass gasification gas with low heat value. Modeling that the power generation efficiency of a gas turbine is affected by the calorific value of biomass gasification gas can be fitted with the following formula:
wherein, Is the rated electric power of the gas turbine when natural gas is used, N e is the actual electric efficiency of the gas turbine under the influence of the low heat value of mixed combustible gas, and LHV bio and LHV ng are the low heat values of biomass gasification gas and natural gas.
The relationship between the energy input and output of the gas turbine can be expressed by the following formula:
Fbio,t＝Ppgu,tΔt/(Ne·LHVbio)
Qpgu,t＝Ppgu,t(1-Ne-ηhlc)/Ne
The LHV bio is the heat value of biomass gasification gas, which can be calculated according to the percentages of the components of the biomass gasification gas, F bio,t is the amount of biomass gasification gas required by the system within Δt time, P pgu,t is the electric power output by a gas turbine, Q pgu,t is the waste heat power output by the gas turbine, and η hlc represents the heat loss coefficient.
Step 3: and 3E analysis is adopted to establish an objective function model, wherein the objective function model comprises a cost saving rate, a carbon dioxide emission reduction rate and a primary energy saving rate.
The annual cost savings ATCSR is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein: ATC SP is the annual running cost of the split supply System (SP), the SP is powered by the power grid, the electric refrigerator is used for cooling, and the boiler is assisted for heating. ATC IES is the annual operating cost of the Integrated Energy System (IES).
The annual carbon dioxide reduction rate CDESR is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein: CDE SP is the annual carbon dioxide emissions of SP and CDE IES is the annual carbon dioxide emissions of IES.
The annual primary energy saving rate PESR calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: PEC SP represents SP primary energy usage and PEC IES represents IES primary energy usage.
The comprehensive energy system is subjected to equipment output priority classification in an electric fixed heat (FEL) mode and a heat fixed electricity (FTL) mode, photovoltaic is used as cleanest but unstable output equipment, power is supplied preferentially, the shortage electric quantity is provided by a gas turbine, after the gas turbine generates electricity, a waste heat boiler recovers waste heat of the gas turbine and supplies heat for a load side, the shortage heat is complemented by an auxiliary boiler, and the surplus heat is stored in a heat storage tank. When the photovoltaic output is higher than the load demand, the redundant electric quantity is stored in the electric energy storage equipment. The above-mentioned output priorities need to satisfy the thermoelectric balance of the integrated energy system.
Step 4: and optimizing the capacity of the equipment by adopting a genetic algorithm, wherein the price-related parameters are set as follows:
the capacity of the equipment before and after replacement is optimally configured, and the simulation configuration result of the comprehensive energy system using natural gas is shown as follows:
the simulation configuration result of the comprehensive energy system adopting the biomass gasification gas is as follows:
FIG. 3 shows ATCSR, PESR, CDESR of the biomass gasification gas displacement natural gas front-back system and the average weighted composite index (CEI) of the three. Biomass gasification gas is used to replace natural gas, and ATCSR and CDESR of the system are correspondingly increased. This shows that gas turbines use biomass energy to advantage over natural gas in terms of cost savings and low carbon. However, too high biomass energy usage can reduce system efficiency and PESR does not perform as well as before replacement. However, under the condition of the same weight of the three components, the comprehensive 3E analysis is superior to the comprehensive energy system using natural gas in comprehensive energy system using biomass gasification gas.
The operation strategy compares analysis, under hot electricity, excessive power is purchased to the power grid so that CDESR of the system is far lower than the hot electricity. Meanwhile, the optimal capacity configuration of the gas turbine under the heat and electricity setting is slightly lower than that of the gas turbine under the heat and electricity setting. In addition, in the hot-fix mode, the heat demand is prioritized, and the heat demand is met while the electricity demand is often partially absent, i.e., in the hot-fix mode, the gas turbine is often not operated at full electric power. These causes result in a combination of heat and power that is inferior to heat and power.
The performance of biomass gasification gas and natural gas is compared and analyzed, and the characteristics of low cost and low carbon emission of biomass are benefited. Biomass gasification gas performed better than natural gas in ATCSR and CDESR performance. But the lower heating value of the biomass gasification gas can cause the reduction of the electrical efficiency of the gas turbine. Therefore, in terms of energy saving performance, the biomass gasification gas does not perform as much as natural gas, and in combination, the biomass gasification gas is adopted to replace natural gas for use, which benefits from the advantages of cost reduction and carbon reduction. The example analysis shows that the comprehensive index CEI of the system is improved by 12.64% under the condition of electric heating by an optimal strategy when the biomass gasification gas is used for replacing natural gas, and the effectiveness of the comprehensive energy system optimizing method for using the biomass gasification gas is proved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been presented only in terms of those specific and detailed descriptions, and is not, therefore, to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications, improvements and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The comprehensive energy system optimization method considering biomass gasification gas to replace natural gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, finely modeling gas production components of a biomass gasification system so as to calculate carbon emission;
Step 2, establishing a gas turbine output model under the influence of the calorific value of the biomass gasification gas;
step3, building an energy balance model of the comprehensive energy system;
And 4, performing optimization by adopting a genetic algorithm by taking the comprehensive energy system 3E as an objective function.
2. The method for optimizing a comprehensive energy system taking into account the use of biomass gasification gas for replacing natural gas according to claim 1, wherein the principle of refined modeling of the gas production component of the biomass gasification system in the first step is based on thermochemical balance, and the specific modeling process is as follows:
The formula for gasification reaction of biomass feedstock CH xOyNzSw with air is expressed as follows:
wherein a and b are the molar ratio of water to oxygen, respectively, per thousand moles of biomass; r is the number of moles of product; the reactions in the gasification zone include water gas shift reactions and methane reactions, which have the chemical formulas:
The equilibrium constant of the reaction at a reference standard atmospheric pressure P 0 at pressure P is:
Wherein x i and v i are the mole fraction and the stoichiometric number of the i-th substance, respectively, and r total is the total mole number of the product gas; in a regression model with air as gasifying agent and gasifying temperature of T G, K 1 and K 2 were calculated as follows:
the calculation formula of biomass gasification gas carbon emission is as follows:
Wherein: m bio is the mass of biomass feedstock that participates in the gasification reaction.
3. The method for optimizing a comprehensive energy system taking into account the use of biomass gasification gas for replacing natural gas according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the influence of the calorific value of biomass gasification gas on the efficiency of a gas turbine is modeled as follows:
wherein, Is the rated electrical efficiency of the gas turbine when using natural gas, N e is the actual electrical efficiency of the gas turbine when using biomass gasification gas, LHV bio is the low heating value of biomass gasification gas, and LHV ng is the low heating value of natural gas.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the integrated energy system in step 3 is thermoelectric balanced, and the integrated energy system satisfies the following thermoelectric balance regardless of the operation strategy of thermoelectric or electric heating:
Qac×COPac≥Qc
Wherein E grid、Epv、Epgu, E d is power grid purchase power, photovoltaic output, gas turbine output, electric energy storage discharge and charging power and electric load at time t; q r、Qab,/>Q ac、Qhot、ηhe、COPac and Q c are t time heat recoverer recovery heat power, auxiliary boiler output, heat storage tank release, heat storage capacity, absorption refrigerator power, heat load, heat exchanger efficiency, absorption refrigerator refrigeration coefficient and cold load.
5. The method for optimizing a comprehensive energy system taking into account the use of biomass gasification gas for replacing natural gas according to claim 1, wherein step 4 adopts 3E analysis to build an objective function model, including cost saving rate, carbon dioxide emission reduction rate and primary energy saving rate;
the annual cost savings ATCSR is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein: ATC SP is the annual running cost of the split supply system SP, the SP is powered by a power grid, the electric refrigerator is used for cooling, and the boiler is assisted for heating; ATC IES is the annual operating cost of the integrated energy system IES;
the annual carbon dioxide reduction rate CDESR is calculated by the following formula:
Wherein: CDE SP is the annual carbon dioxide emissions of SP, CDE IES is the annual carbon dioxide emissions of IES;
the annual primary energy saving rate PESR calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein: PEC SP represents SP primary energy usage, PEC IES represents IES primary energy usage;
And configuring the equipment capacity by using an optimization algorithm genetic algorithm, and analyzing an objective function result to compare and analyze the performances of biomass gasification gas and natural gas in the comprehensive energy system under the two operation strategies of electricity-heat determination and electricity-heat determination.
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