CN118070404A - Structured cementing breakwater elevation determination method and application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dykes and dams, and discloses a structural cementing breakwater elevation determination method and application, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1: the method comprises the steps of keeping other parameters unchanged, changing the consumption or slump expansion degree of raw material concrete of the breakwater facing, and testing to obtain multiple groups of test surging amounts or wave climbing of the breakwater corresponding to different consumption or slump expansion degrees of the concrete; s2: substituting the obtained test result into a surging formula or a wave climbing formula to obtain corresponding test breakwater facing roughness influence factors under different concrete usage amounts or slump expansion degrees; s3: establishing a table of concrete dosage or slump expansion and breakwater facing roughness influence factors; s4: and (3) selecting a breakwater facing roughness influence factor of S3 according to the concrete dosage or the slump expansion, and substituting the breakwater facing roughness influence factor into a surging formula or a wave climbing formula to determine the elevation of the breakwater. The method of the invention helps technicians to obtain accurate breakwater elevation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dykes and dams, in particular to a structural cementing breakwater elevation determination method and application.
Background
The breakwater defends against wave invasion, and a hydraulic building required for masking the water area is formed. The ship is positioned at the periphery of a harbor water area, prevents drift sand and invasion of slush, and ensures that enough water depth and stable water surface exist in the harbor so as to meet the requirements of berthing, loading and unloading operations and sailing in and out of the harbor. Thus, the breakwater plays an important role in the operation of the entire port as an important component of the port. The inner side of the breakwater also serves as a wharf or is provided with certain anchor equipment for berthing the ship. Dividing jetty and island dykes according to the plane arrangement shape; according to the section form, the three types of slope type, straight wall type and hybrid type are adopted. Slope breakwaters are common harbour structures, typically used when the water depth is less than 15m, and vertical breakwaters or hybrid breakwaters may be used when the water depth is greater than 15 m. Common slope dike main structures comprise dike core stones, cushion layers, surface protection, bottom protection and the like. The main function of the breakwater is wave prevention, in theory, the elevation of the embankment top of the slope embankment is high enough to prevent surging at all, but the economic cost is huge, and certain requirements are made of the foundation, so that the construction content and the construction difficulty can be increased, and in view of the cost, the constructed breakwater in the prior art can allow a small amount of surging amount; if the breakwater is too low to build, the surging amount is large, so that safety accidents can be caused. Thus, the determination of breakwater elevation is particularly important.
In the prior art, technicians rely on querying the existing domestic standard standards to obtain breakwater elevation. However, the existing method for determining the elevation of the breakwater has the technical problems that firstly, the height and the width of the slope type breakwater are important factors influencing the construction cost, and the factors directly influence the construction cost of a hydraulic building, so that the method is not suitable for constructing the very high breakwater based on the consideration of the cost; secondly, the roughness influence factor of the breakwater protection surface can only be obtained through inquiry standards, on one hand, when a novel breakwater appears in the prior art, the standards of the roughness influence factor of the breakwater protection surface cannot be timely perfected and updated, technicians cannot refer to the factors, the determined elevation of the breakwater can be directly caused to be unsuitable or the construction period is delayed, on the other hand, the roughness influence factor of the breakwater protection surface given in the standards is not a fixed value, the theoretical value of the surging quantity of the breakwater is calculated by inquiring the roughness influence factor of the breakwater protection surface, and the difference between the theoretical value of the surging quantity of the breakwater and the test value of the surging quantity of the breakwater is large. Therefore, the prior art cannot obtain the influence factor of the breakwater facing roughness mentioned in the patent under a specific environment according to the actual situation, which also directly influences the certainty of the elevation of the breakwater.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a structural cementing breakwater elevation determining method and application, and the method can obtain a breakwater facing roughness influence factor according to the actual conditions of the breakwater, further determine the breakwater elevation according to the breakwater facing roughness influence factor, ensure that the surmounting amount is within the standard, and reduce the engineering cost of the breakwater.
The invention provides a structured cementing breakwater elevation determination method, which comprises the following steps:
S1: keeping other parameters unchanged, selecting n groups of raw material concrete with different dosages for a surging test, wherein n represents a positive integer, the dosages of the raw material concrete are recorded as M1 and M2 … Mn, and observing whether the breakwater sures or not;
Keeping other parameters unchanged, selecting n groups of raw material concrete with different slump expansions for a surging test, recording the slump expansions of the raw material concrete as T1 and T2 … Tn, and observing whether the breakwater sures or not;
S2: for each surging test, when the breakwater surmounts, recording the surging amount corresponding to the next surging test, and when the breakwater does not surmount, recording the wave climbing corresponding to the next surging test; substituting the obtained surging quantity into a surging formula, substituting the wave climbing into a climbing formula, and obtaining a corresponding test breakwater facing roughness influence factor;
S3: taking the S2 obtained test breakwater facing roughness influence factor as a breakwater facing roughness influence factor, and establishing a table of corresponding breakwater facing roughness influence factors when the concrete dosage is M1, M2 … Mn or the concrete slump expansion degree is T1, T2 … Tn;
S4: selecting a breakwater facing roughness influence factor of S3 according to the dosage and slump expansion degree of the concrete, and substituting the breakwater facing roughness influence factor into a surging formula or a climbing formula to determine an initial value of the breakwater elevation; and adding the initial value of the obtained breakwater elevation and the designed high water level value to finally determine the breakwater elevation.
Further, in S1, the other parameters include wave height, wave period, and water level.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is useful for constructing a relationship between concrete usage or slump expansion and breakwater facing roughness impact factor. Therefore, when the amount or slump expansion of the raw material concrete of the test breakwater facing is changed, the parameters of the set wave height, wave period and water level are still unchanged. In the invention, the parameters of wave height, wave period and water level are set according to the hydrologic conditions of the breakwater area to be repaired.
Further, the amount of the concrete refers to the volume of concrete used per cubic meter of the rock fill.
Further, the test breakwater employs an equal scale-down breakwater.
Further, the value of n in S1 is not less than 3.
Further, the design high water level value is related to the local hydrologic condition of the breakwater to be built, and the person skilled in the art can determine the design high water level value according to the local hydrologic information.
Further, in the step S4, the specific method for determining the elevation of the breakwater by substituting the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing into the surging formula or into the climbing formula is as follows:
When the constructed breakwater allows surging, substituting the influence factor of the roughness of the breakwater facing and the standard surging amount into a surging formula to obtain an initial value of the elevation of the breakwater;
when the constructed breakwater does not allow surging, substituting the influence factor of the roughness of the breakwater facing into a climbing formula to obtain the initial value of the elevation of the breakwater.
Further, the surging formula is:
；
Wherein q: surmounting amount; g: a gravitational constant; h: wave height; r c: the distance from the breakwater top to the average water level; gamma f: a breakwater facing roughness influence factor; gamma β: oblique wave incidence influencing factors.
Further, when using the surging formula, the breakwater elevation is the initial value R c of the breakwater elevation+the designed high water level.
Further, the design of the high water level can be determined by one skilled in the art based on local hydrologic data.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
When ζ is less than or equal to 1.8, the climbing formula is:
；
When ζ >1.8, the climbing formula is:
；
Wherein R is wave climbing; gamma b is an influencing factor related to the dike shoulder; gamma f is a breakwater facing roughness influence factor; gamma β is an influence factor related to the wave incidence angle; ζ is a broken wave similarity parameter; h is wave height;
The xi is as follows:
；
wherein H is wave height, L is wavelength, and alpha is slope of the facing.
Further, when the climbing formula is used, the breakwater elevation, that is, the initial value R value of the breakwater elevation + designs the high water level.
Further, the design of the high water level can be determined by one skilled in the art based on local hydrologic data.
The invention also provides an application of the structural cementing breakwater elevation determination method in determining the structural cementing breakwater elevation.
The embodiment of the invention has the following technical effects:
1. On the one hand, the method establishes a table between the dosage and the slump expansion degree of the concrete of the structural cementing breakwater facing and the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing, and is beneficial to a technician to quickly and accurately inquire the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing according to the dosage and the slump expansion degree of the concrete in the facing when the structural cementing breakwater is built; on the other hand, the method can be further expanded into the construction of breakwater of other types, so that technicians can obtain more accurate elevation of the breakwater, and the situation of high engineering cost caused by errors of the elevation of the breakwater can be reduced on the basis of ensuring that the breakwater is built to meet the surging amount.
2. According to the invention, the consumption and the slump expansion degree of the concrete reflect the friction loss among coarse aggregates in the concrete, so that the concrete can be used for regulating and controlling the cohesiveness among the cemented rock-fill bodies on one hand, thereby improving the stability of the breakwater, on the other hand, the concrete is directly poured among the cemented rock-fill bodies, and when the consumption and the slump expansion degree of the concrete are different, the roughness influence factors of the breakwater facing can also change, and therefore, the relationship between the consumption and the slump expansion degree of the concrete and the roughness influence factors of the breakwater facing is constructed, so that the more accurate roughness influence factors of the breakwater facing can be obtained, and the determination of the elevation of the breakwater can be facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the results of the surging amount test conducted in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a breakwater facing diagram obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 of the present invention, wherein (a) in fig. 3 is a breakwater facing physical diagram of example 1, (b) in fig. 3 is a breakwater facing physical diagram of example 2, (c) in fig. 3 is a breakwater facing physical diagram of example 3, and (d) in fig. 3 is a breakwater facing physical diagram of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
In a first aspect, some embodiments of the present invention provide a method of structured cementitious breakwater elevation determination, the method comprising the steps of:
S1: keeping other parameters unchanged, selecting n groups of raw material concrete with different dosages for a surging test, wherein n represents a positive integer, the dosages of the raw material concrete are recorded as M1 and M2 … Mn, and observing whether the breakwater sures or not;
Keeping other parameters unchanged, selecting n groups of raw material concrete with different slump expansions for a surging test, recording the slump expansions of the raw material concrete as T1 and T2 … Tn, and observing whether the breakwater sures or not;
S2: for each surging test, when the breakwater surmounts, recording the surging amount corresponding to the next surging test, and when the breakwater does not surmount, recording the wave climbing corresponding to the next surging test; substituting the obtained surging quantity into a surging formula, substituting the wave climbing into a climbing formula, and obtaining a corresponding test breakwater facing roughness influence factor;
S3: taking the S2 obtained test breakwater facing roughness influence factor as a breakwater facing roughness influence factor, and establishing a table of corresponding breakwater facing roughness influence factors when the concrete dosage is M1, M2 … Mn or the concrete slump expansion degree is T1, T2 … Tn;
S4: selecting a breakwater facing roughness influence factor of S3 according to the dosage and slump expansion degree of the concrete, and substituting the breakwater facing roughness influence factor into a surging formula or a climbing formula to determine an initial value of the breakwater elevation; and adding the initial value of the obtained breakwater elevation and the designed high water level value to finally determine the breakwater elevation.
In the invention, concrete is used for being directly poured into a rock fill, the dosage or slump expansion of the concrete directly influences the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing, a table between the dosage or slump expansion of the concrete and the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing is constructed, and firstly, the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing of the structural cemented breakwater can be obtained, so that the elevation of the structural cemented breakwater can be obtained; secondly, the breakwater can obtain more accurate factors for influencing the roughness of the breakwater facing; third, the method of the present invention may be used for determination of other types of breakwater elevations.
In some embodiments, the other parameters include wave height, wave period, water level.
In the invention, a single factor variable test is adopted, and when the dosage of the test concrete is changed, the slump expansion of the concrete is kept, and the parameters of the set wave height, wave period and water level are unchanged.
In some embodiments, the amount of concrete is the volume of concrete used per cubic meter of rock fill.
In some embodiments, the test breakwater employs an equal scale of breakwater.
In some embodiments, the value of n in S1 is not less than 3.
In some embodiments, the specific method for determining the elevation of the breakwater in S4 by substituting the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing into the surging formula or into the climbing formula is as follows:
When the constructed breakwater allows surging, substituting the influence factor of the roughness of the breakwater facing and the standard surging amount into a surging formula to obtain an initial value of the elevation of the breakwater;
when the constructed breakwater does not allow surging, substituting the influence factor of the roughness of the breakwater facing into a climbing formula to obtain the initial value of the elevation of the breakwater.
In some embodiments, the surging formula is
；
Wherein q: surmounting amount; g: a gravitational constant; h: wave height; r c: the distance from the breakwater top to the average water level; gamma f: a breakwater facing roughness influence factor; gamma β: oblique wave incidence influencing factors.
In some embodiments, when using the surging formula, the breakwater elevation is the value of the initial value Rc of the breakwater elevation + the design high water level.
In the present invention, the design of the high water level can be determined by those skilled in the art based on local hydrologic data.
In some embodiments, multiple tests are performed using the same type of concrete, a functional expression of the surging amount and wave height of the concrete is fitted, and finally, the influence factor of the breakwater facing roughness can be determined.
In some of the embodiments of the present invention,
When ζ is less than or equal to 1.8, the climbing formula is:
；
When ζ >1.8, the climbing formula is:
；
Wherein R is wave climbing; gamma b is an influencing factor related to the dike shoulder; gamma f is a breakwater facing roughness influence factor; gamma β is an influence factor related to the wave incidence angle; ζ is a broken wave similarity parameter; h is wave height;
The xi is as follows:
；
wherein H is wave height, L is wavelength, and alpha is slope of the facing.
In some embodiments, when using the climbing formula, the breakwater elevation is the initial value R of the breakwater elevation + the design high water level.
In the present invention, the design of the high water level can be determined by those skilled in the art based on local hydrologic data.
In some embodiments, multiple tests are performed using the same type of concrete, a functional expression of the wave climbing and wave breaking similarity parameters of the concrete is fitted, and finally, the breakwater facing roughness influence factor can be determined.
In a second aspect, some embodiments also provide for the use of a method of determining the elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater in determining the elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater.
The following is a further description of embodiments of the invention, in which large wave water tanks are used for testing:
Example 1:
The dosage of the concrete is as follows: concrete volume for a cubic meter of rock fill was 440 liters, slump extension of concrete: 600mm.
Example 2:
The dosage of the concrete is as follows: concrete volume used for one cubic meter of rock fill was 140 liters, slump expansion of concrete: 600mm.
Example 3:
the dosage of the concrete is as follows: concrete volume for a cubic meter of rock fill was 110 liters, slump expansion of concrete: 600mm.
Example 4:
The dosage of the concrete is as follows: the volume of concrete used for one cubic meter of rock fill was 147 liters, the slump extension of concrete: 600mm. The local hydrometeorological conditions (water level 13m, wave height 4m, wave period 9 s) of the breakwater are required to be built.
Comparative example 1:
No concrete is used. The dosage of the concrete is as follows: concrete volume for a cubic meter of rock fill was 0 liter, slump expansion of concrete: 0mm.
The breakwater facing obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 was tested, and the parameter settings for the test are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 test condition parameters for inventive examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
For the experiments performed by the procedure shown in fig. 1 for examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, the test results are shown in fig. 2, in which the hydrologic conditions C1-C6 on the abscissa in fig. 2 are shown in table 1, and table 1 is a table showing the corresponding hydrologic condition parameters under each of the hydrologic conditions C1-C6. Substituting the test parameters and the surging amount of the breakwater in the examples 1-3 into the surging formula to obtain the gamma f breakwater facing roughness influence factor. And fitting the gamma f breakwater facing roughness influence factor by taking the abscissa as Rc value and the ordinate as q value, and finally obtaining the breakwater facing roughness influence factor by fitting. Finally, it was found that the concrete was able to change the gamma f jetty roughness influence factor of the jetty facing of the jetty prepared in comparative example 1, as shown in fig. 3 (d), by comparing example 1 to example 3, as shown in fig. 3 (a), the jetty facing roughness influence factor of the jetty prepared in example 1 was 0.57, the jetty facing roughness influence factor of the jetty prepared in example 2 was 0.45, as shown in fig. 3 (b), the jetty facing roughness influence factor of the jetty prepared in example 3 was 0.44, and the jetty facing roughness influence factor of the jetty prepared in comparative example 1 was 0.39, as shown in fig. 3 (c). Inquiring the allowable surging quantity q, the gravity constant g, the wave height H and the oblique wave incidence influence factor gamma β of a certain place where the breakwater needs to be built, substituting the obtained breakwater facing roughness influence factor and the parameters into a surging formula, and finally obtaining the elevation of the breakwater. In summary, the method of the invention can successfully obtain the influence factor of the breakwater facing roughness of the breakwater facing, thereby determining the elevation of the breakwater to be built.
Example 4 a breakwater facing was obtained for testing, wherein a breakwater roughness impact factor of γ f =0.39 was obtained. According to local design specifications, the allowable maximum surging quantity q is determined to be 3.6 m pairs/(m.s), namely the standard surging quantity, the water level is 13m (namely the design high water level), the wave height H is determined to be 4, the oblique wave incidence influence factor gamma β is determined to be 1.0, and the gravity constant g is 9.8N/kg. Substituting the standard surmounting amount and the influence factor of the breakwater roughness into a surmounting formula to obtain the breakwater elevation of 15m.
In summary, the method of the invention is beneficial to determining the elevation of the breakwater, thereby being beneficial to saving the cost and obtaining more accurate elevation of the breakwater.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. As used in this specification, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be limiting, but rather are to be construed as covering the singular and the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method or apparatus that includes the element.
It should also be noted that the positional or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of determining elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater, the method comprising the steps of:
S1: keeping other parameters unchanged, selecting n groups of raw material concrete with different dosages for a surging test, wherein n represents a positive integer, the dosages of the raw material concrete are recorded as M1 and M2 … Mn, and observing whether the breakwater sures or not;
Keeping other parameters unchanged, selecting n groups of raw material concrete with different slump expansions for a surging test, recording the slump expansions of the raw material concrete as T1 and T2 … Tn, and observing whether the breakwater sures or not;
S2: for each surging test, when the breakwater surmounts, recording the surging amount corresponding to the next surging test, and when the breakwater does not surmount, recording the wave climbing corresponding to the next surging test; substituting the obtained surging quantity into a surging formula, substituting the wave climbing into a climbing formula, and obtaining a corresponding test breakwater facing roughness influence factor;
S3: taking the S2 obtained test breakwater facing roughness influence factor as a breakwater facing roughness influence factor, and establishing a table of corresponding breakwater facing roughness influence factors when the concrete dosage is M1, M2 … Mn or the concrete slump expansion degree is T1, T2 … Tn;
S4: selecting a breakwater facing roughness influence factor of S3 according to the dosage and slump expansion degree of the concrete, and substituting the breakwater facing roughness influence factor into a surging formula or a climbing formula to determine an initial value of the breakwater elevation; and adding the initial value of the obtained breakwater elevation and the designed high water level value to finally determine the breakwater elevation.
2. A method of determining the elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater as claimed in claim 1, wherein said other parameters include wave height, wave period, water level.
3. A method of determining the elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the amount of concrete is the volume of concrete used per cubic meter of rockfill.
4. A method of determining elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater according to claim 1, wherein n in S1 has a value of not less than 3.
5. The method for determining the elevation of the structural cementitious breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for determining the elevation of the breakwater by substituting the roughness influence factor of the breakwater facing into the surging formula or into the climbing formula in the step S4 is as follows:
When the constructed breakwater allows surging, substituting the influence factor of the roughness of the breakwater facing and the standard surging amount into a surging formula to obtain an initial value of the elevation of the breakwater;
when the constructed breakwater does not allow surging, substituting the influence factor of the roughness of the breakwater facing into a climbing formula to obtain the initial value of the elevation of the breakwater.
6. A method of determining elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the surging formula is:
；
Wherein q: surmounting amount; g: a gravitational constant; h: wave height; r c: the distance from the breakwater top to the average water level; gamma f: a breakwater facing roughness influence factor; gamma β: oblique wave incidence influencing factors.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the R c value is an initial value of the breakwater elevation.
8. A method of determining elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater as claimed in claim 1,
When ζ is less than or equal to 1.8, the climbing formula is:
；
when ζ >1.8, the climbing formula is:
；
Wherein R is wave climbing; gamma b is an influencing factor related to the dike shoulder; gamma f is a breakwater facing roughness influence factor; gamma β is an influence factor related to the wave incidence angle; ζ is a broken wave similarity parameter; h is wave height;
The xi is as follows:
；
wherein H is wave height, L is wavelength, and alpha is slope of the facing.
9. A method of determining the elevation of a structured cementitious breakwater as claimed in claim 8, wherein the R value is an initial value of breakwater elevation.
10. Use of the structured cementitious breakwater elevation determination method of any one of claims 1 to 9 in determining structured cementitious breakwater elevation.
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| US11868690B1 (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2024-01-09 | Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute | Method, device, electronic equipment and medium for analyzing disaster prevention and mitigation effectiveness of ecological seawall |
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| CN113232155A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-08-10 | 长泰县华信混凝土有限公司 | Design method of recycled aggregate concrete mixing proportion |
| CN115840975A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-24 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Storm surge water-increasing embankment early warning method, system, device and storage medium |
| US11868690B1 (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2024-01-09 | Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute | Method, device, electronic equipment and medium for analyzing disaster prevention and mitigation effectiveness of ecological seawall |
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