CN1180686C - 观赏鱼或鱼贝类饲养用水的净化补助水 - Google Patents
观赏鱼或鱼贝类饲养用水的净化补助水 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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Abstract
本发明提供一种观赏鱼或鱼贝类的饲养用水的净化补助水,是通过使用高机能水作为观赏鱼或鱼贝类的饲养用水的净化补助水,提高鱼贝类的生理活性机能,且提高水槽净化机能,延长清洗周期。该净化补助水预先分散活性炭微粒子于高压水中,再于该高压水中令氧气和氢气的混合气体燃烧,以该燃烧气体燃烧活性炭,并使用分散有活性炭超微粒子的活性炭分散液作为净化补助水。
Description
技术领域
本发明有关一种由活性炭超微粒子的分散液所构成的观赏鱼或鱼贝类饲养用水的净化补助水。
更详言之,本发明有关在高压水中使氧气与氢气的混合气体燃烧,且以该燃烧气体燃烧活性炭而获得的活性炭超微粒子呈分散状态的水作为观赏鱼或鱼贝类饲养用水的净化补助水。
背景技术
活性炭是以木炭、锯屑、树皮等木材、果壳、废糖渣、稻壳、甘蔗渣、豆类等植物质、褐煤及泥煤等矿物质、纸浆废液,酒精废液等废弃物作为原料,并以700℃左右加热而得到炭化物后,再以900至1000℃加热而活化所制得者,所获得的物质若为粉状物质(100筛目以下)则作为工业用、酿造用、净水/排水用,若为粒状物质(5至30筛目)则使用于气体处理或水处理。利用活性炭的目的,基本上是以化学的或物理的方式将活性炭本有的对气体、液体等的吸附功能加以活用,例如在化学工业中,是利用其化学性作用作为各种触媒,而于食品工业中的制糖工业、淀粉糖工业、乳制品工业,酿造工业、食用油工业、食品添加物工业等是利用其物理作用。
如上述,活性炭大多是用作脱色,脱臭,去除陶土臭、去除胶质、甜菜碱/谷氨酸等的捕集、提高结晶性、调制香味,制品稳定性等。于家庭用方面,大多可见用于冰箱的脱臭剂等脱臭目的。
关于此等活性炭的制造及用途,虽已作了为数众多的研究(例如,立本英机著《话说活性炭》)日刊工业新闻社、真田雄三外2编《新版/活性炭(基础/应用)》株式会杜讲谈杜、石崎信男著《活性炭读本》日刊工业新闻杜),但本发明人等则针对该活性炭的有益用途进行研究开发。
近来,社会上盛行以饲养观赏鱼作为兴趣,但对饲养者来说,却对观赏鱼的水及水槽的清洗认为太费事而敬而远之。亦即,愈高价的鱼对水质环境愈敏感。以往一般是通过过滤水槽内的水来净化,也有利用一般活性炭的过滤方法,但却无法获得充分足够的效果,对饲养者而言,勉强频繁的换水会成为很大的负担。近来虽使用麦饭石代替活性炭,但其效果并不是那么明显。而且,水的更换会急剧变化水质环境,对饲养鱼的生理面上造成为很大的负担,而刻意地勤于换水,也会损伤观赏鱼的活力,有时候甚至有观赏鱼死亡的情形,而对于观赏鱼的饲养者而言,水槽的清洗周期拉长是最大的期望之一。
另外,近来的美食鉴赏风潮中,一直强调活鱼料理,故非常在意活鱼料理用鲜鱼能在水槽中长期的以自然的姿态游泳,但并没有令人满意的方法能使生鱼长期间生存。
以往有关水槽的净化或鱼贝类长期保存的专利技术已为众所周知,例如有:将鱼贝类或贝壳类所***的氨在水溶液中通以电流而分解的方法(日本特开平4-150995号公报);使用活性炭以改善脱臭或水质管理的技术(日本特开平7-214051号公报);将所供给氧的一部分臭氧化而通过饲养用水的溶存氧浓度控制氧供给量,以提高溶存氧浓度以进行饲养用水的杀菌并以高密度饲养鱼贝类(日本特开昭55-159739号公报);通过去除在养鱼槽的补给水管线设置有机物/固体物的方法及设置压力驱动分离膜,有效的净化供应水,而去除鱼贝类的病原菌,以促进良好成长的装置(日本特开平4-104748号公报);于液体中导入空气而产生气泡,借以吸附液中的污浊物质,以去除液中污浊物质的方法(日本特开平4-267984号公报);以及有效的同时进行鱼贝类饲养水的过滤及臭氧杀菌的装置(日本特开平8-131019号公报)。唯如上述,要使观赏鱼或鱼贝类确实地长期以健康状态存活,或长期使此等的水槽或鱼箱维持在清洁状态的技术还尚未被开发。
如上述,在水槽饲养观赏鱼或鱼贝类时,即使为了净化水槽内的水而试着设置净化装置,但由于观赏鱼或鱼贝类的***物所致的水槽内污染并未改变,而在透明度不良、浊度过甚等肉眼可见的污秽程度甚剧时,乃不得已必须清洗水槽壁同时排除沉淀物、换水,有时还要更换底面砂。此外,若为活鱼的水槽,则还要考虑活鱼的大小。但在饲养观赏鱼而水槽内污染严重时,即使提高净化装置的性能也无法解决槽内的污染,更且不仅由于活鱼游泳时会碰到壁面而损伤活鱼外皮,并且为了要维持活鱼料理味道鲜美的本来目的,实际上活鱼饲养于水槽仅以数天为限。
本发明人等着眼于活性炭本有的脱臭及回复功能作用,而针对其使用样态加以研究开发的结果,发现预先使活性炭在高压水中分散后,通过氢气与氧气的混合气体使话性炭燃烧而获得活性炭微粒子的水分散液,比起以往的活性炭对人体具有较高的功能,虽已针对该制造方法提出专利申请,但本发明是继续针对其使用样态加以研究开发的结果,发现将此等活性炭超微粒子微分散成水的分散水加入饲养槽中,得以充分达成目的,终而完成本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决一种课题,亦即将活性炭的实用性活用于饲养观赏鱼或鱼贝类用水槽内部的净化,并且改善观赏鱼或鱼贝类的生理活性机能。
本发明是通过活用活性炭超微粒子呈微分散状态的高机能水作为上述观赏鱼或鱼贝类饲养用水槽的水,而解决了上述问题。
亦即,本发明是将预先使活性炭粉末分散于高压水中,接着使氢气与氧气的混合气体于此高压水中燃烧,而由该燃烧热使活性炭燃烧所获得的活性炭超微粒子则分散于高压水中作为活性炭超微粒子分散液加入观赏鱼成鱼贝类饲养用水,借以提高观赏鱼或鱼贝类的生理活性机能,同时分解观赏鱼或鱼贝类的***物,并改善水槽水的污染,可使观赏鱼或鱼贝类的生存期间拉长。从而,于水槽的长期净化方面发挥充分的清洗效果。
此外,本发明是将含有活性炭超微粒子微分散于水中的状态的水称为“活性炭分散水”。
本发明的活性炭分散水是通过氧气和氢气于耐压容器内的高压水中燃烧而获得高温,使活性炭燃烧而获得活性炭超微粒子,且该超微粒子在水中呈分散状态,再将此等活性炭呈分散状态的水溶液作为观赏鱼或鱼贝类饲养用水的净化补助水加以活用。
一般的活性炭粉末或微粒子单纯地分散的水或混合液中,其活性炭通常在短时间内会产生沉淀分离,而本发明所获得的活性炭分散水中,是以氧气和氢气的燃烧热燃烧活性炭,使之呈微分散于水中的状态,故具有高度吸附功能,并可在短时间内改善被污染的水质。因此,本发明的活性炭分散水为水分子与活性炭超微粒子相互作用,而提高观赏鱼或鱼贝类的生理活性机能,同时分解观赏鱼或鱼贝类的***物而达成净化作用,发挥了预料之外的显著效果。
本发明中,活性炭超微子呈分散状态的水为什么可提高上述的生理活性作用或***物分解作用,其机制虽不明确,但本发明人等为了要使此等的化学性理由更为明了,现在正专心致力研究中。
附图说明
图1为用以制造本发明活性炭分散水的流程图。
具体实施方式
于本发明中,使活性炭预先分散于耐压容器内的高压水中,再供给氧气和氢气于此高压水中,而在高压水中燃烧氧气和氢气,通过此时的燃烧气体的高温使活性炭燃烧,而获得活性炭超微粒子呈分散状态的高机能水,且以该高机能水作为观赏鱼或鱼贝类保存用水槽的水。
本发明所使用的活性炭分散水,是以往未能制造的新颖产物。本发明不采用气相状态的液体燃料或气体燃料的燃烧方式,而是通过氧气和氢气的燃烧热使分散于高压液中的活性炭超微粒子燃烧的新颖方法制得。
亦即,本发明人针对如何有效率且经济的制造活性炭分散水及提供生理活性用途加以检讨的结果,而想到于使氢气和氧气燃烧,并于该燃烧气体中单纯的燃烧活性炭粉末的方法,且为了不会产生水和活性炭以外的物质,而在水中燃烧氢气和氧气时,刻意采取在高压水中燃烧的方法。
本发明中所使用的活性炭分散水如上述地预先在耐压容器的高压水中分散活性炭,再供给氧气和氢气于此高压水中,令氧气和氢气在高压水中燃烧,通过此时的燃烧气体的高温燃烧活性炭而制得。但为了获得有效的生理活性的活性炭分散液,必须控制所燃烧的燃料量、反应压力及活性炭的供给量。
另外,上述制造方法中,不仅仅在水中含有活性炭超微粒子,也含有些许的氧化活性炭超微粒子,故亦必须适当地设置过滤***。
图1揭示制造本发明的活性炭分散水的步骤的概念图。首先,使活性炭粉末分散于高压水中。接着,使通过水的电解所产生的氢气与氧气的混合气体在高压中燃烧。分散于高压水中的活性炭即借此燃烧热而燃烧,而产生活性炭微粒子。本发明亦可使用5至30筛目左右的碎活性炭作为活性炭原料,但以使用粒度100筛目以下的通用型活性碳粉末较适当。亦可考虑通过上述氢气和氧气的混合气体的燃烧作用,使活性炭燃烧,而形成微细的微米级粒径的超微粒子。
其中,亦可分别使用高压瓶装的氢气及氧气来代替原料气体产生装置,但如本发明中,通过水的电解所供给的氧气和氢气完全是很纯气体,故有得以良好效率供给原料气体作为燃料气体的优点。
如上述所制造的活性碳分散水中含有些许与氧结合的氧化状态活性炭微粒子,必须有适当地过滤及精制。为了不会使所产生的活性炭超微粒子过度去除,因此此时的过滤程序不使用离子交换或逆浸透膜等方法,为了获得适于目的的水,最好使用过滤器装置。亦即,于过滤装置中,使用中空丝膜最适合,当依序过滤由高压水收容水槽所排出的高压水时,由活性炭分散水的特性上及过滤器的寿命上来看,此种过滤装置较为理想。
于本发明中,制造1吨的活性炭分散液时,水槽内的内压以1.5至5气压,氧/氢混合气体的供给量以每秒1至8公升(L)最适当,而对燃烧室的活性炭供给量以1至10kg/水1000L程度最适当。
气体压力过高时,会有装置的构造被破坏的危险。另外,气体压力较低时,气体会由燃烧室喷起,已经加热溶解的活性炭会以此状态包覆于气泡中,而分散于水上,使活性炭超微粒子的产生状态变差。
然而,本方法中,为了不致产生水与活性炭超微粒子以外的物质,而必须使氢气和氧气在水中燃烧,且为了此时能够在水中单纯地燃烧氢气和氧气,而不致含有杂质,故必须在高压下燃烧。另外,混合气体会在***活性炭棒的位置完全燃烧,故该位置必须成为完全超高温的水蒸气的存在区域。
以下揭示用以观察本发明的活性炭分散液使用效果的实验结果。
(活性炭分散水的调制剂)
准备由:具有氧气和氢气构成燃料气体的供给装置与燃料气体的燃烧室、用以收容预先分散有活性炭的耐压水槽及过滤装置所构成的活性炭超微粒子制造装置。先使制造水槽的内压为2气压,预先将活性炭粉末5kg分散于1000L水中。使氢气/氧气摩尔比为2比1的混合气体,亦即氧气/氢气(1/2)混合气体以每秒5L的喷射量喷出,并在燃烧区域燃烧,令此燃烧连续进行1小时即可制造出作为本案标的的活性炭分散水。
(实施例1)
为了调查上述活性炭分散水在淡水中的观赏鱼生育效果,而用投入有10条黑色四边观赏鱼的60L水槽来观察。水槽内的水是使用仅用上述调制法制造的活性炭分散液与使用以往制造法的过滤剂的水作为对比。
分别就经过10天及23天后的各水槽内调查其中作为水的浊度指标的锰酸钾消耗量。
其结果揭示于表1。
10天后 | 23天后 | |
本发明的活性炭分散液K2MnO4消耗量(mg/l) | 3.2 | 2.7 |
使用以往制法的过滤剂的K2MnO4消耗量(mg/l) | 5.8 | 7.9 |
表1
根据表1,与使用以往制法的过滤剂的水相比,本发明在作为水污染度指标的过锰酸钾消耗量上较少,故可确认本发明的活性炭分散液的净化效果。
(实施例2)
为了调查上述活性炭分散水在海水中的效果,而用投入有10条琉璃麻雀鲷鱼的60L水槽来观察。本发明活性炭分散液对海水的添加量为10%。调查经过9天及22天后,调查水槽内的过锰酸钾消耗量。
其结果表示于表2。
9天后 | 22天后 | |
本发明的活性炭分散液K2MnO4消耗量(mg/l) | 7.4 | 17.0 |
使用以往过滤剂的海水K2MnO4消耗量(mg/l) | 12.0 | 33.0 |
海水(投入市售的麦饭石)K2MnO4消耗量(mg/l) | 8.9 | 30.0 |
表2
根据表2,与使用以往制法的过滤剂及麦饭石相比,本发明的活性炭分散液于海水中的过锰酸钾消耗量较少,而可确认本发明的活性炭分散液的净化效果。
(发明效果)
本发明在水中以分散状态含有通过新颖制造法的活性炭超微粒子而构成活性炭分散水,并活用该分散水的生理活性机能,将其作为饲养观赏鱼或鱼贝类用水的净化补助水。通过本发明活性炭分散水的使用,可以提高观赏鱼或鱼贝类的生理活化机能,使之得以作长期间的饲养,同时可通过分解该等饲养鱼的***物而改善水槽内的净化周期。
Claims (1)
1.一种观赏鱼或鱼贝类的饲养用水的净化补助水,其特征为,使氧气和氢气的混合气体在高压水中燃烧,且通过该燃烧气体令活性炭燃烧所获得的活性炭超微粒子呈分散状态包含于水中。
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CN105979774A (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2016-09-28 | 海洋生物技术株式会社 | 鱼贝类的麻醉方法及装置 |
CN107530590A (zh) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-01-02 | 唐纳森公司 | 水包烃净化*** |
US10604707B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2020-03-31 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Hydrocarbon-in-water purification anion-exchange system |
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JPH04150995A (ja) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-05-25 | Yoshiaki Nagaura | 浄化方法 |
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US5384051A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-01-24 | Mcginness; Thomas G. | Supercritical oxidation reactor |
JPH07136645A (ja) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-30 | Sensor Kenkyusho:Kk | 廃水浄化剤の製造方法 |
JP3737162B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-30 | 2006-01-18 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 活性炭の製造方法及び装置 |
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CN105979774A (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2016-09-28 | 海洋生物技术株式会社 | 鱼贝类的麻醉方法及装置 |
CN107530590A (zh) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-01-02 | 唐纳森公司 | 水包烃净化*** |
US10526548B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2020-01-07 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Hydrocarbon-in-water purification system |
US10604707B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2020-03-31 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Hydrocarbon-in-water purification anion-exchange system |
US11220636B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2022-01-11 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Hydrocarbon-in-water purification system |
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