CN118065404A - Land reclamation vegetation recovery method - Google Patents
Land reclamation vegetation recovery method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118065404A CN118065404A CN202410461944.2A CN202410461944A CN118065404A CN 118065404 A CN118065404 A CN 118065404A CN 202410461944 A CN202410461944 A CN 202410461944A CN 118065404 A CN118065404 A CN 118065404A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a land reclamation vegetation restoration method, which comprises a reclamation system, wherein the reclamation system is arranged on a platform and a side slope, the reclamation system comprises a drainage intercepting device, a drainage intercepting and retaining planting canal and a deep seepage water supplementing device, the drainage intercepting device comprises an embedded combined drainage intercepting groove, a water receiver and a serial water storage tank, the pipeline drainage intercepting device comprises a flat disc water storage tank, a water pipe, a deep water seepage branch pipe and a water seepage pipe head, the deep water seepage branch pipe is arranged on the water seepage branch pipe, and the water seepage pipe head is arranged on the deep water seepage branch pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land reclamation vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid regions, in particular to a land reclamation vegetation restoration method.
Background
At present, land reclamation of a side slope of a strip mine discharging field and desertification land of a grassland is realized, surface soil is paved for vegetation recovery, sand barriers, bankets and grass curtains are inserted, the vegetation recovery is realized by a seed sowing method, large-area sowing is realized, the seeds are lost and waste is high, the cost is high, especially, the windward slope and the sunny slope of a high slope section are high in temperature, the wind power is strong, the water storage and soil fixation force is poor, the artificial drip irrigation is adopted, when the drip irrigation water quantity is small, the water evaporation loss quantity is large, the infiltration soil layer is shallow, the drip water quantity is large, the runoff is serious, the soil loss of the grown plants is gradually degraded due to the water and soil loss, the repeated reclamation sowing is large in investment, the cost is high, the water resource consumption is large, and the sand and stone on the slope are bare; secondly, the side slope of the strip mine dumping site is only provided with a longitudinal drainage pipe groove, a transverse drainage intercepting facility is not provided, continuous rainfall, sudden rain and heavy rain are reduced, a runoff landslide appears in the strip mine dumping site, the difficulty of reclamation is increased, the cost is high, and repeated landslide does not appear due to soil covering settlement; thirdly, sand barriers are inserted, grass curtains are paved for large-area sowing seeds for grassland desertification control, the methods play a certain role in blocking wind sand and shielding sunlight, and when the grasslands desertification in semiarid areas are original, heavy rain and heavy rain can drop, firstly, rainwater is gathered in low-lying places, secondly, the rainwater leaks into underground deep sandy soil, the survival rate of water and soil plants is low because the soil root growth layer cannot be maintained, the non-plump maturity of the surviving plant seeds is low, the self-propagation capability is poor, the coverage is low, the ecological control process is slow, and the method for recovering land reclamation vegetation suitable for arid and semiarid areas is researched, so that the ecological control quality is improved, and the ecological control process is accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a land reclamation vegetation restoration method, which solves the problems of low restoration efficiency and poor restoration effect of the land reclamation vegetation in the arid and semiarid regions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the land reclamation vegetation recovery method comprises a reclamation system, wherein the reclamation system is arranged on a platform and a side slope and comprises a water interception and drainage device, a water interception and drainage storage planting canal and a deep seepage and water supplement device;
The intercepting and draining device comprises: the water storage tank is connected with the water receiver in series, and the pipeline water intercepting and draining device is connected with the water receiver;
The embedded combined water interception and drainage tank comprises a plurality of bottom plates, a pair of water baffles are arranged on two sides of the upper wall of the bottom plates, a water drainage channel is formed between the bottom plates and the water baffles on two sides, a fixed pull plate is arranged between a pair of water baffles, adjacent bottom plates are connected in a detachable mode, the water baffles which are adjacent up and down are connected through bolts, and a fixer assembly connected with a side slope is arranged on the bottom plate;
the water inlets at two sides of the intercepting and draining groove correspond to the water outlets of the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels, a guide plate which is tightly attached to the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels is arranged above the water inlet of the intercepting and draining groove, a filter screen is arranged above the water receiver, and an overflow pipe is arranged at one side of the serial water storage tank;
The deep seepage water supplementing device comprises a flat disc water storage tank, the bottom of the flat disc water storage tank is connected with a water delivery pipe, a deep seepage branch pipe extending into the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal is arranged on the water delivery pipe, deep seepage branch pipes are arranged on two sides of the deep seepage branch pipe, a seepage pipe head buried under the surface soil layer of the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal is arranged at the bottom of the deep seepage branch pipe, a seepage material is arranged in the seepage pipe head, one end diameter of the seepage pipe head is smaller than that of the deep seepage pipe head and is inserted into the deep seepage pipe head, and the other end of the seepage pipe head is buried in soil and is plugged with a seepage hole through the seepage material;
the water storage planting canal comprises an inner canal and outer canals on two sides, a retaining dam is arranged between the inner canal and the outer canals and on one side, far away from the inner canal, of the outer canals, a water accumulation slow-seepage layer, a water storage planting layer and a soil fixing and moisture retaining layer are sequentially arranged inside the inner canal and the outer canals from bottom to top, impermeable curtains are paved at the bottoms of the retaining dam, the inner canal and the outer canals, plant scraps are paved on the impermeable curtains, nutrient water storage planting soil is buried on the plant scraps, ecological planting curtains are paved on the ecological planting soil, branch grids are paved along the canals, the branch grids are fixed in the soil through bearing fixing rods, the branch grids, the ecological planting curtains and the bearing fixing rods are fixedly connected through binding wires, a water blocking and seepage area is arranged in the water storage planting canal, and deep water seepage branch pipes are paved in the inner canal, and the branch water seepage pipes are buried in the inner underground canal;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one: intercepting and draining the rainwater of the side slope of the soil discharge field and the flat plate into a serial water storage tank through embedding a combined intercepting and draining tank, arranging a rainwater overflow pipe in the serial water storage tank, and draining excessive water into a draining canal;
step two: the water supply source is lifted by the flat-disc water storage tank, so that water sequentially enters the inner canal through the water delivery pipe, the deep water seepage branch pipe and the water seepage pipe head to supplement water for the water storage planting canal;
Step three: the method comprises the steps of constructing a cut-off water storage planting canal into an inner canal and an outer canal, enabling two outer canals of the inner canal to be a group, arranging the cut-off water storage planting canal transversely on a side slope, connecting one end of an inlet of the cut-off embedded combined cut-off water drainage groove to be in butt joint inclination with an embedded combined cut-off water drainage groove, enabling the inclination to be 3-10%, mixing 5-50% of organic matter fertilizer with dug surface soil, preparing nutrition water storage planting soil, constructing a retaining dam with dug deep waste soil, immersing and compacting a retaining dam to wrap an impermeable curtain, flattening the canal, filling gaps with soil, paving impermeable curtains at the bottoms of the retaining dam and the canal, paving plant debris on the impermeable curtain, paving ecological water storage planting soil on the nutrition water storage planting soil while filling soil, paving ecological planting curtains, paving a smashing lattice along the canal branches, connecting and fixing the branches together by using a binding wire, uniformly penetrating and sealing the ecological curtain and the retaining curtain at a height of 3-2 cm in the same connecting and fixing method, and uniformly covering the retaining dam with the same inner water storage area at a height of 200 cm, and covering the ecological water storage area at a height of 3-2 cm.
Preferably, the pipeline drainage intercepting device comprises a drainage pipeline and drainage intercepting devices arranged on two sides of the drainage pipeline, a water inlet is arranged above the drainage intercepting devices, a connecting water inlet communicated with the drainage pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the drainage intercepting devices, and a connecting plate is arranged on the side wall of the drainage intercepting devices.
Preferably, the bottom plates at the bottoms of the adjacent embedded combined water interception and drainage grooves are connected through buckling grooves in a buckling mode, and the two adjacent water baffles are connected through bolts.
Preferably, the fixer assembly comprises a pair of cross bars fixedly arranged on the side walls of the water baffle, a pair of longitudinal fixing rods are connected to the cross bars through fixing clamps, the lower ends of the longitudinal fixing rods are fixed in soil, fixing rings are arranged at the upper ends of the longitudinal fixing rods, fixing stay wires are tied on the fixing rings, and fixing holes for the longitudinal fixing rods to pass through are formed in the bottom plate.
Preferably, the flat disc is provided with a pressurizing device connected with the water delivery pipe.
Preferably, the water permeable material is a sponge.
Preferably, the protection rods are buried along the edges of the two sides of the cut-off water storage planting canal, and branches and grass are additionally arranged on the protection rods to form the branch grass protection shielding curtain.
Preferably, a 5-10 m wide empty space is reserved between each group of intercepting and draining water storage planting channels on the side slope, and a plant planting intercepting and storing belt is paved in the middle of the empty space.
Advantageous effects
The invention discloses a land reclamation vegetation recovery method, which has the following beneficial effects:
The embedded combined water interception and drainage groove adopted by the invention is:
Firstly, the manufacturing process is easy to operate, the sources of rubber, metal and plastic used by the materials are wide, the mass production efficiency of the process is high, the construction and installation moving soil quantity is small, the original elements embedded into the combined water interception and drainage groove are assembled on site, and compared with the cast concrete and metal pipe grooves, the weight is light, and the safety coefficient is high;
Secondly, the system is connected with a drainage intercepting and water storage planting canal, a dam, a serial water tank and a mining area water storage reservoir to form a drainage field of the whole strip mine and a drainage intercepting, storing and utilizing system of the mining area, and the drainage field and the mining area are changed into a rainwater collecting area in seasons with high rainfall;
Thirdly, avoiding the runoff of rainwater, soil erosion and mud-rock flow landslide and preventing geological disasters;
Fourthly, the water interception and drainage groove is easy to assemble and disassemble, can be processed into water interception and drainage channels, water interception and drainage grooves, water blocking grooves and water blocking plates with different sizes and shapes, is matched with a pipeline water interception and drainage device to be used, and is suitable for treating small watershed in different scenes, including water interception and drainage utilization in mountain areas, hills and basins;
Fifth, the embedded combination water interception and drainage groove can increase vegetation coverage and improve ecological construction quality.
The deep seepage water supplementing device adopted by the invention comprises:
Firstly, the infiltrating irrigation pipe head of the deep infiltrating water supplementing branch pipe is arranged and buried under the surface soil of the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal, the soil fixing and soil moisture preserving layer effectively prevents evaporation of water, and the water collecting and infiltration retarding layer can prevent water from infiltrating and losing downwards towards two sides and the bottom;
Secondly, the deep seepage water supplementing method adopts a water intercepting and draining water storing planting canal to supplement water, only the inner canal supplements water, the outer canal and the empty space between the canals are not supplemented with water, and large-area drip irrigation water supplementing is not needed;
Thirdly, the soil in the canal is added with organic matters, so that the water holding capacity and the water holding time of the soil are improved, and by adopting the water-saving measures, more than nine and fifty percent of water is saved compared with large-area drop and spray irrigation;
Fourthly, the water is infiltrated into the soil through the infiltration pipe, the water yield is less than that of drip irrigation, the moisture of the soil is uniform and constant, and the soil is suitable for the growth and development of seed seedlings;
fifth, the deep seepage water supplementing is a water seepage pipe head made of water seepage materials, the contact water area of one end of the inner side is large, the water blocking fault is not easy to occur, the problems of runoff and soil erosion are prevented from happening frequently in drip irrigation, the installation is convenient, the operation is simple, the fault rate is low, and the water supplementing is only performed on the inner canal for water storage planting by cutting and draining, so that the cost of labor and materials is low.
3. The invention adopts the combination of the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal and deep seepage water to recover vegetation:
Firstly, the longitudinal distance between each group of channels and each group of channels of each group of intercepting and draining water storage planting channels of a side slope is determined according to the gradient and the rainfall, the rainwater is reduced to medium rain, the rainwater permeates into the sloping surface and the inner and outer intercepting and draining water storage planting channels, heavy rain and heavy rain are reduced, the excessive rainwater flows into the inner and outer intercepting and draining water storage planting channels before converging into runoffs, and the blocking silt passing through curtains, grids and strips is settled in the channels, and the rainwater flows into the embedded combined intercepting and draining channels, so that no water and soil loss exists, the channels and the retaining dams are covered and wrapped by the curtains, the bearing protective rods are additionally used for reinforcing branches, the water and soil can be prevented from being washed and retained, after one year, the plants growing in the channels can be used for soil-fixing and protecting the channels, the accumulated dead branches and fallen leaves in the channels can be cleaned in time, and the intercepting and draining and water storage functions can be retained for a long time;
secondly, the combination of the inner canal and the outer canal can increase the rain and snow interception capacity, the weather is drought, the humidity of the soil of the water storage planting layer is lower than that of the soil outside the water accumulation slow-seepage layer, and the water can be absorbed and transferred into the soil of the water storage planting layer; the water supplemented by the inner canal is transferred to the outer canal through air-heat conversion, so that the soil humidity of the outer canal is increased, plants are grown, and the water complementation effect is achieved;
Thirdly, compared with cement construction and water interception and drainage groove installation, the water interception and drainage and storage planting canal utilizes the comprehensive advantages of land form (ditch ponding, moisture preservation and wind shielding), soil, ecological planting curtains and plants, namely, water interception and drainage are realized to prevent water and soil loss, the water storage capacity of the soil is increased, the vegetation coverage is increased, and the land reclamation and greening quality of a soil discharge field is improved;
fourthly, soil organic matters and nutrients of the cut-off water storage planting canal are sufficient, water and fertilizer are sufficient, the growth and development of plants can be accelerated, the grass plant seeds are mature for one to two years, and natural breeding of the seeds is promoted by breaking soil and ditching on the ground without sowing;
Fifthly, firstly, the deep seepage water supplementing method is used for supplementing water to seeds and seedlings by the side slope of the strip mine dumping site, and compared with drip irrigation, the soil moisture is not lost by evaporation, so that more than eighty percent of moisture can be saved; secondly, the method of sowing seeds in the inner canal of water-retaining planting to supplement water and promote natural breeding is adopted, and compared with large-area drop and spray irrigation, the water supplementing amount is saved by more than ninety five percent; thirdly, the inner and outer channels of the cut-off water storage planting channel can increase the cut-off utilization of rain and snow, improve the utilization rate of rain and snow resources, and the water saving methods are integrated together, and the plants with the least water quantity are planted and maintained in a large area;
sixthly, the dam of the cut-off water storage planting canal is tightly wrapped by an impermeable curtain, can resist wind erosion and rain erosion, is arranged outside the dam of the cut-off water storage planting canal on the windward slope surface of a high slope section and the cut-off water storage planting canal on the sunny slope surface, is provided with a rod and grass combined shielding curtain, and the dam and the curtain are mutually supported, so that wind and sand are effectively blocked, sunlight is shielded, rain and snow are cut off, and vegetation coverage is increased;
seventh, the water-storage planting canal is planted by adopting an inner canal and outer canal water-storage rain-snow-storage planting method, the rain is reduced to a great extent in one field, the water-storage amount is 5 to 50 tons per mu of land on average, the plants absorb sufficient water and fertilizer, the drought resistance and cold resistance of the plants are improved, the plant roots and stems grow up after one to three years of sowing, natural propagation and growth can be realized without artificial participation, and the problems of long-term water supplement and high annual seed supplement fund cost of the side slope of the open pit and the dump in the semiarid region are solved;
eighth, cut row retaining planting canal and dark infiltration moisturizing combine and have solved the unbalanced difficult problem of rainy season, dry season plant water supply, avoid the high slope section to cut and hold the rain and snow, store the problem that the conservation can not hold the rainwater, water and soil fertilizer runs off along with the rainwater runoff, landslide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water-retaining planting canal with water drainage.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the branch lattice and the barrier permeation storage belt of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the holder assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the pipe drainage trap of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the deep-seeping water-replenishing device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the grass protection shade of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. embedding a combined water interception and drainage groove; 101. a bottom plate; 102. a water baffle; 103. fixing the pulling plate; 104. a cross bar; 105. a longitudinal fixing rod; 106. a fixing ring; 107. a fixing hole; 108. a deflector; 2. a water receiver; 3. a water storage tank is connected in series; 4. a pipe drainage trap; 401. a drainage pipe; 402. a water intercepting and draining device; 403. a water inlet; 404. connecting a water gap; 405. a connecting plate; 5. a filter screen; 6. an overflow pipe; 7. a flat disc water storage tank; 8. a water pipe; 9. a deep water seepage branch pipe; 10. deep water seepage branch pipes; 11. a water seepage pipe head; 12. cutting off and draining the water storage planting canal; 1201. an inner channel; 1202. an outer channel; 1203. a water-retaining dam; 1204. a water-collecting slow-permeation layer; 1205. a water storage planting layer; 1206. soil fixing and soil moisture preserving layers; 1207. a branch lattice; 1208. blocking the seepage-proofing belt; 13. grass protection shielding curtain; 14. cutting and accumulating for plant cultivation; 15. a flat plate; 16. and (5) a side slope.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the present invention provides a technical solution: the land reclamation vegetation recovery method comprises a reclamation system, wherein the reclamation system is arranged on a platform and a side slope and comprises a water interception and drainage device, a water interception and drainage storage planting canal and a deep seepage and water supplement device;
The drainage intercepting device comprises: the water storage tank is embedded into the combined water intercepting and draining tank, the water receiver and the pipeline water intercepting and draining device;
The embedded combined water interception and drainage tank consists of a bottom plate, a water baffle, a fixed pull plate, an impurity filter screen, a connecting plate and an embedded combined water interception and drainage tank fixer; the pipeline drainage intercepting device is used for a slope with hard stone and steep concave-convex, and consists of a drainage pipeline, a drainage intercepting device and a drainage intercepting groove, the contact area of the pipeline drainage intercepting device is small, the pipeline drainage intercepting device can easily penetrate rocks, soil piles and retaining walls, and the two drainage intercepting systems are combined for use and are suitable for relatively complex sites;
The embedded combined water interception and drainage tank comprises a plurality of bottom plates, a pair of water baffles are arranged on two sides of the upper wall of the bottom plates, a water drainage channel is formed between the bottom plates and the water baffles on two sides, a fixed pull plate is arranged between a pair of water baffles, adjacent bottom plates are connected in a detachable mode, the water baffles which are adjacent up and down are connected through bolts, and a fixer assembly connected with a side slope is arranged on the bottom plate;
the water inlets at two sides of the intercepting and draining groove correspond to the water outlets of the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels, a guide plate which is tightly attached to the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels is arranged above the water inlet of the intercepting and draining groove, a filter screen is arranged above the water receiver, and an overflow pipe is arranged at one side of the serial water storage tank;
By adopting the technical scheme, the embedded combined intercepting and draining groove is used for intercepting and draining rainwater on a side slope (intercepting and draining water storage planting canal) of a soil discharge field and a flat plate (intercepting and draining water storage planting canal) into the serial water storage tank, the serial water storage tank is provided with a rainwater overflow pipe, and excessive water is drained into the draining canal;
The width of the embedded combined water interception and drainage groove is 20-300 cm, the height of the water baffle is 15-200 cm, the length of the embedded combined water interception and drainage groove is 1-10 m according to slope conditions, and the connection between the grooves is fixed by the buckling grooves on the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate and the water baffle connecting screws on the two sides; an embedded combined water interception and drainage tank bottom plate on the side slope is arranged on the next embedded combined water interception and drainage tank bottom plate; the combined water-intercepting and draining groove is embedded in the flat disc, the water-intercepting and draining groove is fixedly connected below two groove bottom plates by a connecting fixing plate, the water-intercepting and draining groove is paved under the slope and the flat disc ground by 5-200 cm, water inlets at two sides of the water-intercepting and draining groove of the flat disc and the side slope correspond to water-intercepting and draining water-storing planting groove water outlets of the flat disc and the side slope, a bottom plate which extends to the bottom of the water-intercepting and draining water-storing planting groove and is 30-300 cm long is arranged at the bottom of the water-intercepting and draining groove, a water baffle plate which is tightly attached to the water-intercepting and draining water-storing planting groove retaining dam is arranged at the water inlet lower than the side slope transverse water-intercepting and draining planting groove, the water-intercepting and draining water-storing planting groove can be smoothly intercepted and drained into the combined water-intercepting and draining groove, fixing holes which are fixedly connected with the embedded underground fixing devices are arranged at two sides of the bottom plate of the combined water-intercepting and draining groove, the fixing device assembly is fixedly connected and fixed by a longitudinal fixing rod which is embedded into the ground, and a transverse rod, and a fixing ring on the longitudinal fixing rod can be connected with a pull wire, so that fixing is reinforced;
The drainage pipe drainage intercepting device consists of a drainage pipe and drainage intercepting devices arranged on two sides of the drainage pipe, the drainage intercepting devices on two sides of the pipe can be connected with drainage intercepting grooves, and one drainage intercepting device, two drainage intercepting devices or no drainage intercepting device is arranged according to requirements; the water receiver embedded under the combined intercepting and draining groove can be round, square or rectangular, water is input into the serial water storage tank, the embedded combined intercepting and draining groove is longitudinally arranged at the lateral distance of 20-100 m of the side slope of the strip mine dumping site, and the intercepting and draining and water storage planting canal is transversely arranged according to the gradient of the side slope and the longitudinal distance of 3-15 m of rainfall; arranging an embedded combined intercepting and draining groove along the length of the flat disc in a flat disc of a dumping site of an open pit, arranging intercepting and draining water storage planting channels according to the rainfall by 5-20 m transversely, enabling the flat disc embedded combined intercepting and draining groove to penetrate through a retaining wall by using a pipeline intercepting and draining device and be connected with the embedded combined intercepting and draining groove of a slope, enabling the flat disc soil to settle and fasten, avoiding cracks, and building the embedded combined intercepting and draining groove to replace the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels;
The deep seepage water supplementing device comprises a flat disc water storage tank, the bottom of the flat disc water storage tank is connected with a water delivery pipe, a deep seepage branch pipe extending into the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal is arranged on the water delivery pipe, deep seepage branch pipes are arranged on two sides of the deep seepage branch pipe, a seepage pipe head buried under the surface soil layer of the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal is arranged at the bottom of the deep seepage branch pipe, a seepage material is arranged in the seepage pipe head, one end diameter of the seepage pipe head is smaller than that of the deep seepage pipe head and is inserted into the deep seepage pipe head, and the other end of the seepage pipe head is buried in soil and is plugged with a seepage hole through the seepage material;
By adopting the technical scheme, the water seepage pipe head arranged on the branch pipe is embedded into the position 5CM to 35CM below the soil layer of the cut-off water storage planting canal surface, a flat disc water supply tank is used for supplying water, the drop pressure formed at the upper part of the side slope is used for supplying water, and a pressurizing device is arranged;
The water seepage pipe head arranged on the deep water seepage branch pipe is internally provided with a sponge or a water seepage substance, one end of the water seepage pipe head is smaller than the diameter of the water diversion pipe and has a certain water filling space, one end of the water seepage pipe head is arranged in the water diversion pipe, the length of the water seepage pipe head entering the water diversion pipe through one end of the water seepage pipe head increases the area contacted with water in the pipe, so that the water is prevented from being blocked, the water enters the sponge to the water seepage pipe head through the water seepage pipe hole, the other end of the water seepage pipe head is buried in the soil, the water seepage hole on the water seepage pipe head is blocked by the water seepage substance, the blocking of sand outside is prevented, and the water in the pipe is guaranteed to be permeated and diffused into the soil;
the water storage planting canal comprises an inner canal and outer canals on two sides, a retaining dam is arranged between the inner canal and the outer canals and on one side, far away from the inner canal, of the outer canals, a water accumulation slow-seepage layer, a water storage planting layer and a soil fixing and moisture retaining layer are sequentially arranged inside the inner canal and the outer canals from bottom to top, impermeable curtains are paved at the bottoms of the retaining dam, the inner canal and the outer canals, plant scraps are paved on the impermeable curtains, nutrient water storage planting soil is buried on the plant scraps, ecological planting curtains are paved on the ecological planting soil, branch grids are paved along the canals, the branch grids are fixed in the soil through bearing fixing rods, the branch grids, the ecological planting curtains and the bearing fixing rods are fixedly connected through binding wires, a water blocking and seepage area is arranged in the water storage planting canal, and deep water seepage branch pipes are paved in the inner canal, and the branch water seepage pipes are buried in the inner underground canal;
By adopting the technical scheme, the construction method of intercepting and draining water storage planting channels is divided into an inner channel and an outer channel, one inner channel is divided into a group of two outer channels, the inner channel is composed of intercepting and draining water storage planting channels, a retaining dam, two side bottom water accumulation slow-seepage layers, a middle water storage planting layer and an upper soil fixing and soil moisture preservation layer, the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels are transversely arranged on a side slope of a soil discharge field, one end of the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels, which is connected with an inlet of the intercepting and draining water groove, is three percent to ten percent in inclination of an intercepting and draining notch, and the intercepting and draining water storage planting inner channels are excavated and wide: 20-300 cm, deep: 10-100 cm, a water retaining dam: the height is 5-40 CM; the outer channels on the upper side and the lower side are 30-100 cm away from the two sides of the inner channel, and the outer channels are wide: 15-80 cm, deep: 10-80 cm, water retaining dam height 5-40 cm, mix five to fifty percent organic fertilizer of surface soil dug out, make nutrition water retaining planting soil, build the water retaining dam with deep layer waste soil dug out, the water retaining dam is immersed and compacted to wrap up the impermeable curtain, planarize the ditch, fill up the gap with soil, fill up 2-10 cm thick fine soil, the impermeable curtain of dense thickness is laid to the bottom of water retaining dam, the impermeable curtain is assisted with a layer of 1-3 cm thick grass, plant debris, fill up nutrition water retaining planting soil above, fill up soil while compacting, fill up to ditch edge opening 5-10 cm down, spread ecological planting curtain (ecological planting curtain pulls open and has 0.1 to 2 cm gap), after ecological planting curtain lay grid along ditch, fill up soil with the bearing dead lever, tie up grid, ecological planting curtain, bearing dead lever link together, tie up with same tie-down method, fill up the impermeable curtain of tie up, lateral spacing set up 200 cm of the impermeable curtain to 3 cm high water retaining area of height of water retaining dam, 3 cm high-10 cm in the same tie-up method,
The inner canal is paved with water seepage branch pipes and water seepage branch pipes, the water seepage pipe heads on the water seepage branch pipes are buried underground for 5 to 35 cm, water flows are collected in the water storage planting canal which is cut off by heavy rain and is discharged, the water flow and soil in the canal are blocked by branch grids and ecological planting curtains, the water storage and seepage belt is blocked, the flow speed of the water is reduced, the infiltration amount of the soil rainwater is increased, and the water storage planting canal which is cut off and discharged plays a role in preventing flood disasters; the soil under the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal is supplemented with water by the weather drought deep-seepage water supplementing water pipe head, the soil humidity of seed germination and growth is kept for a long time, the water supplementing time and the water supplementing amount are mastered, the humidity of the soil suitable for plant growth and development is kept, and the plant root branch and leaf growth is accelerated.
The embodiment is further provided that the protection rods are buried at the edges of the two sides of the close-up cut water storage planting canal, the branches and the grass are additionally provided with branch grass protection shielding curtains, the edges of the two sides are enhanced to resist the impact of rainwater, and the flushing of the rainwater is prevented.
The embodiment is further arranged in such a way that 5-10 m wide empty spaces are reserved in the upper and lower middle of each group of intercepting and draining water storage planting channels of the side slope of the soil discharge field, the depth of ploughing is 3-10 cm, the width of each 5-15 cm planting channel is 10-20 cm, the sowing width is 1-3 m, the sowing seeds cover the soil, 1-3 m wide plant planting intercepting and storing belts are paved, and the water and soil are intercepted.
The embodiment is further provided that the slope intercepting, draining and retaining planting channel is provided with a single channel, a double channel and an inner channel group and an outer channel group according to the slope and the soil texture stability.
The embodiment is further provided as a grassland desertification control method and used products: cutting off the drainage and water storage planting canal, preventing seepage curtain, ecological planting curtain, rod and grass combined shielding curtain, ecological synthetic planting curtain, branch grid, water storage and seepage planting belt and fixing rod;
Planting in a plurality of channels to promote natural breeding: the multi-canal space planting is that the middle planting canal is used for sowing arbor and shrub which are suitable for local growth, the two sides of the middle planting canal are used for sowing grass seeds which are local growth, the three canals are a group, one group or a plurality of groups of the three canals can be continuously planted according to the condition of the climate environment, an empty space is reserved between the vertical and horizontal space planting, a grid is formed, the multi-canal planting is performed, a large amount of rain and snow can be trapped and stored under the blocking effect of a canal dam and a pole grass combined blocking curtain, the water storage and seepage layer of the canal can store more rainwater, and plants grow into grass-irrigation plant communities under the condition of sufficient water and fertilizer, so that drought resistance, cold resistance and flood prevention capacity are improved;
the deep water seepage device is arranged in the water interception and drainage water storage planting canal in the middle of the water source field, so that the plant growth and development are accelerated, the plant seeds are mature and full, the natural breeding and growth of the plant seeds in the empty land can be promoted, and the natural distribution and growth state of the plant suitable for the climate environment and the vertical condition of the local area is gradually achieved;
The method comprises the steps of crushing the dead branches and fallen leaves of a planting field, adding manure into the crushed dead branches and fallen leaves of the planting field to prepare organic fertilizer, adding the organic fertilizer into soil, and improving and optimizing the land by sowing plants to realize virtuous circle;
The quantity of the branches and leaves is large when the plants grow, the branches and leaves are dug in the empty space of the planting field to cut the ditches, and the plants are planted by turning over and ploughing on time.
The embodiment is further configured that the desertification control method for different sites comprises the following steps:
The method is characterized in that a longitudinal parallel intercepting and draining water storage planting canal is transversely arranged on a windward slope surface of a sand dune and a wind opening, a transverse retaining dam for intercepting and storing wind and sand is arranged along the 1-5 m distance between the canal and the canal, the distance between the canal and the water storage planting canal is 1-5 m, the distance is the same as that between the water storage planting canal of a surface mine and a soil discharging site, an impermeable curtain wrapping the retaining dam is compact and tight, the loss of wrapped sand and soil is prevented, an ecological synthetic curtain made of nutrient medium, seeds and grass curtains is paved between the canal and the canal, a rod and grass combined shielding curtain is longitudinally and transversely fixed tightly against the retaining dam, the retaining dam is 5-40 CM higher than the retaining dam, the rod and curtain combined shielding curtain can block the wind and sand, reduce wind force, shield sunlight, the water storage planting layer of the intercepting and draining water storage canal can collect rainwater at the periphery of the lower part of the sand layer;
Secondly, a rod and grass combined shielding curtain is used for setting and fixing a wind and sand prevention grid on a site with relatively flat topography and small wind force, (the rod of the rod and grass combined shielding curtain is inserted into the ground for 15 to 20 cm, one line is provided with a plurality of identical triangles, and a second line is provided with a plurality of square grids formed by the triangles corresponding to the first line), and the site suitable for embedding the storage and infiltration planting belt and the rod and grass combined shielding curtain is provided according to the site conditions; a field suitable for combining ecological synthetic curtains and grass rods to form a shielding curtain; in the places with small wind and sand and more rainfall and sand, the plants can grow by using the combined shade curtain of the grass and the stems;
The combined shielding curtain of the rod and the grass, the seepage-accumulating planting belt and the ecological synthetic curtain are processed and manufactured before planting construction seasons, so that the construction efficiency can be improved.
The components in this case are connected in sequence by a person skilled in the art, and specific connection and operation sequence should be referred to the following working principle, and the detailed connection means are known in the art, and the following working principle and process are mainly described.
Examples: paving a flat disc side slope of a surface soil discharge field of an open pit with the thickness of 10-25 cm in an area with the annual average rainfall of 210-300 mm, building a water storage and interception planting channel along the flat disc, wherein the bottom angle of the flat disc is 5m outwards from the upper side slope, building an inner water storage and interception planting channel with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.4m transversely along the water storage and interception planting channel with the distance of 5-15 m, and building two outer water storage and interception planting channels with the distance of 0.6-0.8 m from the two sides of the inner channel; at the slope of 27 ℃, the upper and lower lengths of the slope are 26 m, an embedded combined water intercepting and draining groove is longitudinally arranged along the slope, the two sides of the embedded combined water intercepting and draining groove are longitudinally separated by 8m from the top of the slope, the inner water intercepting and draining groove is transversely dug with the width of 0.8m, the depth of 0.2m to 0.6m and the length of 20m, the water intercepting and draining groove is planted with an intercepting and draining water storage inner ditch with the water inlet port inclination of five percent, the outer ditch with the width of 0.5m to 0.7m, the depth of 0.2 to 0.4m and the length of 20m is dug from the upper side and the lower side of the inner ditch, a water retaining dam is cleaned and leveled, the bottom and the two sides of the ditch are paved with 3 cm to 5 cm thick fine soil, the impermeable curtain is paved on the upper side, the water retaining dam is wrapped by the impermeable curtain, covering a layer of 2 cm thick grass and plant scraps on an impermeable curtain in a canal, filling nutrient water storage planting soil, compacting the soil while filling the soil to a position 5 cm away from the upper edge of the canal, watering or depositing rainwater, filling gaps with the soil, paving an ecological planting curtain, pressing branch grids, connecting and fixing the branches and the grids by using fixing rod binding wires, tightly clinging to canal edges on two sides to smash the fixing rods, adding a layer of branches and grass on the outer side of the canal edge impermeable curtain, transversely fixing a blocking water storage cutting belt which is 5-10 cm lower than a retaining dam along a water storage cutting and draining planting canal distance of 2-5 m, and planting sea buckthorn, medlar, elm, mountain apricot, elm leaf plum and handle almond in a flat disc canal;
Seeds such as sand-seed, alfalfa, grass of alkali, ryegrass, grass of ice, grass of Chinese caterpillar and the like are planted on a side slope, a layer of 2-3 cm thick fine soil is covered, a deep seepage water supplementing device is paved on an inner ditch, water is timely supplemented, growth and development of inner ditch plants are guaranteed, a combined shielding curtain of the outer side of each ditch is stuck upwards from the lower side of the slope, the distance between the upper and lower middle empty spaces of a water storage planting ditch is cut, the water storage planting ditches are cut along the upper and lower middle empty spaces of the two water storage planting ditches, the ploughing depth is 5-10 cm, the planting ditches are 10-15 cm wide, the distance between the ditches is 30 cm, the cultivation width is 1-3 m, the planting soil is planted on the ditches, the ecological planting curtains are paved, a plant water storage belt is built, the rain and snow can be cut, the runoffs are prevented, the effects of promoting natural breeding by wind force are reduced, and the like.
Through experiments, the water is supplemented for two times in the first year, the water is supplemented for one time in the second year, the water is not supplemented in the third year, and the vegetation coverage reaches more than eighty-five percent;
Two times of heavy rain exist in three years, the first time is caused by low vegetation coverage of the side slope, a small amount of soil is deposited on the soft part of the soil, and the second time of plants grow up, so that no soil deposition places exist;
In recent years, the tracking observation shows that the plants near the canal edge grow fast, the root system is developed, the branches are high, the seeds and fruits are full, the yield is high, the varieties of the plants near the canal are high, and the coverage is high, because the water storage planting canal is cut off to store rain and snow, the wind power is blocked, the sunlight is blocked to create favorable conditions for the plant growth, the maturity of the plant seeds grown in the water storage planting canal is high, and the seed source for long-term growth of the surrounding plants is provided.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The land reclamation vegetation restoration method is characterized by comprising a reclamation system and an operation step of using the reclamation system, wherein the reclamation system is arranged on a flat plate (15) and a side slope (16), and comprises a water interception and drainage device, a water interception and drainage storage planting canal (12) and a deep seepage and water supplement device;
The intercepting and draining device comprises: the water draining device comprises an embedded combined water draining intercepting tank (1), a water receiver (2) arranged at the bottom of the embedded combined water draining intercepting tank (1), a serial water storage tank (3) connected with the water receiver (2) and a pipeline water draining intercepting device (4);
The embedded combined water interception and drainage tank (1) comprises a plurality of bottom plates (101), a pair of water baffles (102) are arranged on two sides of the upper wall of each bottom plate (101), a water drainage channel is formed between each bottom plate (101) and each water baffle (102), a fixed pull plate (103) is arranged between each pair of water baffles (102), adjacent bottom plates (101) are connected in a detachable mode, the water baffles (102) which are adjacent up and down are connected through bolts, and a fixer assembly connected with a side slope (16) is arranged on each chassis;
The water inlets at two sides of the embedded combined intercepting and draining groove correspond to the water outlets of the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels (12), a guide plate (108) which is tightly attached to the intercepting and draining water storage planting channels (12) is arranged above the water inlets of the intercepting and draining groove, a filter screen (5) is arranged above the water receiver (2), and an overflow pipe (6) is arranged at one side of the serial water storage tank (3);
The deep seepage water supplementing device comprises a flat disc water storage tank (7), the bottom of the flat disc water storage tank (7) is connected with a water conveying pipe (8), a deep seepage branch pipe (9) extending into the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal (12) is arranged on the water conveying pipe (8), deep seepage branch pipes (10) are arranged on two sides of the deep seepage branch pipe (9), a seepage pipe head (11) embedded under the surface soil layer of the intercepting and draining water storage planting canal (12) is arranged at the bottom of the deep seepage branch pipe (10), a seepage substance is arranged in the seepage pipe head (11), one end diameter of the seepage pipe head (11) is smaller than the diameter of the deep seepage pipe (10) and is inserted into the deep seepage branch pipe (10), and the other end of the seepage pipe head is embedded into soil and plugs a seepage hole through the seepage substance;
The water storage planting canal (12) comprises an inner canal (1201) and outer canals (1202) on two sides, wherein a retaining dam (1203) is arranged between the inner canal (1201) and the outer canal (1202) and on one side, far away from the inner canal (1201), of the outer canal (1202), a water accumulation and slow-permeation layer (1204), a water storage planting layer (1205) and a soil fixation and moisture preservation layer (1206) are sequentially arranged inside the inner canal (1201) and the outer canal (1202) from bottom to top, impermeable curtains are paved on the inner canal (1201) and the outer canal (1202), plant debris is paved on the impermeable curtains, nutrient water storage planting soil is filled on the plant debris, ecological planting curtains are paved on the ecological planting curtains along the canal, the ecological branch planting grids (1207) are fixed in the soil through bearing fixing rods, the ecological branch planting grids (1207), the ecological branch planting curtains and the bearing fixing rods are fixedly connected through wires, impermeable curtains are paved on the bottoms of the inner water storage planting canal (1201) and the outer canal (1202), and the water storage planting canal (1201) is deeply buried in the water storage canal (1201), and the water storage pipe (1201) is deeply permeated into the water storage canal (11);
the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: intercepting and draining rainwater on a side slope (16) and a flat plate (15) of a soil discharge field into a serial water storage tank (3) through embedding a combined intercepting and draining tank (1), arranging a rainwater overflow pipe (6) on the serial water storage tank (3), and draining excessive water into a draining channel;
Step two: a water source is provided through the flat-disc water storage tank (7), so that water sequentially enters the inner canal (1201) through the water delivery pipe (8), the deep water seepage branch pipe (9), the deep water seepage branch pipe (10) and the water seepage pipe head (11) to supplement water for the water storage planting canal (12) with water interception and drainage;
Step three: the method comprises the steps of constructing a cut-off water storage planting canal (12) into an inner canal (1201) and an outer canal (1202), enabling two outer canals (1202) of the inner canal (1201) to be a group, transversely arranging the cut-off water storage planting canal (12) on a side slope (16) and connecting one end of an inlet of an embedded combined water storage groove (1) to incline to the embedded combined water storage groove (1), enabling the inclination to be 3-10%, mixing the dug surface soil with 5-50% of organic matter fertilizer to prepare nutrient water storage planting soil, constructing a retaining dam (1203) by using dug deep waste soil, soaking and compacting a sealing curtain, leveling the canal, filling gaps by using soil, paving the sealing dam (1203) and the bottom of the canal, paving plant chips on the sealing curtain, paving the ecological planting soil on the ecological planting curtain while compacting, paving the ecological planting curtain on the ecological planting curtain along the sealing curtain to the position of 5-10 cm-distance, paving the ecological planting soil along the branches (1207), paving the ecological planting soil in the retaining dam (1208), fixing the sealing bars (1208) on the bearing bars (1208), and covering the bearing bars (1208) by using the bearing bars (1208) at the height of 3-3, and setting the bearing bars (1208-3) at the sealing bars and the level of the bearing bars.
2. The land reclamation vegetation restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the pipeline drainage interception device (4) comprises a drainage pipeline (401) and drainage interception devices (402) arranged on two sides of the drainage pipeline (401), a water inlet (403) is arranged above the drainage interception devices (402), a water connection port (404) communicated with the drainage pipeline (401) is arranged at the bottom, and a connection plate (405) is arranged on the side wall of the drainage interception device (402).
3. The land reclamation vegetation restoration method as recited in claim 1, wherein the bottom plates (101) at the bottoms of the adjacent embedded combined water interception and drainage tanks (1) are connected by buckling through buckling grooves, and two adjacent water baffles (102) are connected by bolts.
4. The land reclamation vegetation restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the fixer assembly comprises a pair of cross bars (104) fixedly arranged on the side walls of the water baffle (102), the cross bars (104) are connected with longitudinal fixing rods (105) through fixing clamps, the lower ends of the longitudinal fixing rods (105) are fixed in soil, the upper ends of the longitudinal fixing rods are provided with fixing rings (106), fixing stay wires are tied on the fixing rings (106), and fixing holes (107) for the longitudinal fixing rods (105) to pass through are formed in the bottom plate (101).
5. A land reclamation vegetation restoration method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the flat plate is provided with a pressurizing device connected with the water pipe (8).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the water permeable material is a sponge.
7. The land reclamation vegetation restoration method as recited in claim 1, wherein protective rods are buried along the edges of the two sides of the cut-off water storage planting channel (12), and branch grass protective shielding curtains (13) are formed by adding branches and grass on the protective rods.
8. The land reclamation vegetation restoration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a space with a width of 5-10 m is reserved between each group of intercepting and draining water storage planting channels (12) on the side slope (16), and a plant planting intercepting and storing belt (14) is paved in the middle of the space.
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| KR20150065480A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-15 | 한국도로공사 | Side gutter for mountain ridge and construction method |
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| CN117211385A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-12 | 山西省交通环境保护中心站（有限公司） | Concealed ecological drainage structure for water and soil conservation |
| CN117868165A (en) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-04-12 | 三峡大学 | Water-saving greening integrated protection structure for soil slopes in arid regions and construction method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20150065480A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-15 | 한국도로공사 | Side gutter for mountain ridge and construction method |
| CN112112172A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-22 | 岭南水务集团有限公司 | Ecological bank protection system of sectional type interception water purification |
| CN116180776A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-05-30 | 美丽华夏生态环境科技有限公司 | Northwest mining area dumping site platform vegetation recovery module and construction method thereof |
| CN117211385A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-12-12 | 山西省交通环境保护中心站（有限公司） | Concealed ecological drainage structure for water and soil conservation |
| CN117868165A (en) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-04-12 | 三峡大学 | Water-saving greening integrated protection structure for soil slopes in arid regions and construction method |
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