CN118052168A - Calculation method of high-speed train passing noise - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of high-speed train passing noise calculation, in particular to a calculation method of high-speed train passing noise, which comprises the following steps: establishing a computational fluid dynamics CFD model of the object based on the wind tunnel mode; performing unsteady flow field simulation of a wind tunnel mode on a computational fluid dynamics model of an object by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to obtain the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface, and according to the motion relativity, enabling the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface to be equal to the pulsating pressure of a moving object in static air; and executing a virtual motion process on the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface by using the object motion condition and the relative position between the measuring point and the object, so as to calculate the passing noise of the object. According to the invention, sound source data are obtained based on CFD simulation of a wind tunnel mode, virtual train movement process calculation passing noise is executed, errors generated at interfaces when a sliding grid or an overlapped grid is used for simulating train movement are avoided, and time consumption is brought by repeatedly calculating the sound source data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed train passing noise, in particular to a calculation method of high-speed train passing noise.
Background
As the speed of train operation increases, the noise pollution generated by the train has a more and more significant effect on surrounding residents, and for this reason, passing noise limits of trains are regulated by many countries. There are studies showing that when the train speed exceeds 300km/h, aerodynamic noise will exceed wheel track noise as a major source of noise for high speed trains. Therefore, the pneumatic power of the high-speed train has important significance for the control of noise through noise calculation.
At present, the simulation of the aerodynamic noise of the high-speed train is mostly based on a wind tunnel mode, namely, the train is motionless, the air flow direction blows to the train, and at the moment, the noise receiving point and the train are kept relatively static. This approach is relatively simple, but differs from the evaluation approach required in noise regulations and standards. In noise regulations and standards, the noise level of a train is estimated in the form of passing noise. This includes the doppler effect caused by the movement of the object. Some studies calculate the acoustic power of each component of the train using test (e.g., beam forming) data of the actual train and equivalent several primary sound sources of the train to simple point sound sources according to the principle of acoustic power equivalence to calculate the passing noise. However, for aerodynamic noise, its sound source is a distinct plane distribution sound source, and there is some coherence, and the approach of equivalent to a simple sound source may be greatly different from the actual one. And this method relies on test data of the actual train. When a sample car is not manufactured, it is difficult to predict the noise level of the train in advance.
The analog-to-sound integration of the FW-H equation is a common method of predicting far-field aerodynamic noise of a train and has been integrated in many CFD software. However, when CFD software is used for train aerodynamic noise prediction, a mode similar to a wind tunnel test is generally adopted, that is, the train is stationary, the receiving point is fixed in position, and wind is blown to the train at a certain speed. To achieve prediction by noise, a sliding grid or overlapping grid technique must be used to simulate the movement of the train, but the presence of an interface between the moving and stationary domains may negatively impact the accuracy of the calculation.
Accordingly, the present invention proposes a high-speed train solving the above-mentioned problems by a noise calculation method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention develops a high-speed train passing noise calculation method, thereby avoiding errors at interfaces when a sliding grid or an overlapped grid is used for simulating train movement and time consumption caused by repeatedly calculating sound source data.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-speed train passing noise calculation method comprises the following steps:
Firstly, establishing a computational fluid dynamics model of a train based on a wind tunnel mode, obtaining sound source geometric data and sound source data of each micro element by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics model of the train and CFD software, obtaining the pulsating pressure of a moving object in the air on the surface of the moving object in the static air according to the relativity of the movement, solving the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time, and then bringing the sound source geometric data, the pulsating pressure and the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time into a Farassat _1A formula to calculate an ith micro element sound source At the receiving point/>And traversing the sound pressure signals of all the micro-element receiving points at all the moments, finally interpolating the obtained sound pressure signals, superposing the sound pressures radiated by all the micro-elements to obtain the total sound pressure of the far-field receiving points, and finally obtaining the real passing noise signals after removing the invalid sound pressure signals in the total sound pressure.
In a specific embodiment, the calculation of the unsteady flow field is performed in CFD software by using a computational fluid dynamics model of the train to obtain the first train surfaceFirst/>, of individual microelementsSound source geometric data and sound source data at each moment, wherein the sound source geometric data comprises coordinates, an area and an external normal direction, the sound source data refers to the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface, and according to the relativity of movement, the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface is equal to the pulsating pressure of a moving object in static air, so that the ith micro-element/>, is obtainedPulsating pressure f generated in the static air at each moment, wherein the flow field starting moment is 0, and the step time is/>The number of step sizes is/>End time is/>The number of the surface microelements of the train is/>。
In particular embodiments, the derivative of the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface with respect to time is approximated by a fourth order center differenceThe specific calculation is as follows:
，
wherein, Time is expressed by/>Representing step time,/>Representing pulsating pressure,/>Representing the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time.
In a specific embodiment, the sound pressure signal at the receiving point y at the j-th moment of the ith micro-element sound source is solved:
Firstly, executing a virtual train motion process on a sound source surface by utilizing the motion speed of an object under a ground coordinate system, updating the sound source position of each micro element at each moment, and calculating the time from the sound source to the receiving point according to the updated sound source position Finally, the ith infinitesimal at/> isobtainedSound pressure of time-of-day radiation at/>Time to far field reception point, time/>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows;
，
wherein, Representing the initial position of the ith bin,/>Representing the speed of movement of an object,/>Representing the speed of sound;
then calculate the sound pressure signal of far-field receiving point by Farassat _1A formula The Farassat _1a formula is as follows:
，
wherein, Representing air density,/>Representing sound velocity,/>Representing the velocity component of the sound source surface in the external normal direction,/>Representing the derivative of the component of the velocity in the external normal direction with respect to time,/>Representing sound source motion Mach number,/>Mach number at/>, for sound source motionComponent in the direction,/>Representing the coordinate component,/>For the distance between the transmitting point and the receiving point,Is the unit vector in the direction from the sound source to the receiving point,/>Representation/>At/>Component in the direction,/>Representation/>At/>The component in the direction, subscript ret denotes the value of the quantity in brackets at the moment of acoustic emission determined by the delay time equation,/>Representing object surface area,/>Representing an area of 1 bin;
In the calculation process by using Farassat _1A formula, the integral calculation of the object surface area S is involved, and the surface unit is spatially integrated by a first-order method, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
，
wherein, Represents the/>Sound source intensity of individual microelements,/>，/>Represents the/>The area of the individual microelements is that of the wafer,Representing the total sound source intensity of the object surface,/>Representing an area;
finally, the sound source geometry data, the pulsating pressure and the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time are recorded Carrying out Farassat _1A formula to calculate the ith micro-element sound source/>At the receiving point/>Sound pressure signal at/>And go through/>Individual infinitesimal at/>Sound pressure signals of the points are received at each moment.
In a specific embodiment, the obtained sound pressure signals are subjected to linear interpolation processing, the sound pressure signals of the receiving points of the microelements are aligned on a time axis, and then the sound pressure signals from the microelements received by the receiving points at the same timeSuperposition is carried out to obtain sound pressure signals/>, which are generated by the whole object at the receiving point at the moment。
In a specific embodiment, the sound pressure signal generated at the receiving pointThe time domain data of (a) is pruned, concretely as follows:
receiving point sound pressure signal Time domain data of/>Starting at the moment/>Ending at the moment, wherein only at/>To/>The sound pressure signal between the two contains contributions of all infinitesimal units,/>Before and/>The latter data does not contain contributions of all the primitives, thus yielding/>To the point ofThe data in between as an effective sound pressure signal;
Minimum time of propagation from sound source surface to receiving point And maximum time/>The calculation is as follows:
，/>，
wherein, And/>Representing the minimum and maximum distance between the sound source face and the receiving point, respectively.
The effects provided in the summary of the invention are merely effects of embodiments, not all effects of the invention, and the above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
In order to realize the prediction of passing noise, the method solves the problem that the existence of interfaces between a motion domain and a static domain can negatively affect the calculation accuracy in the process of simulating the motion of a train by using a sliding grid or overlapping grid technology; specifically, the method adopts a wind tunnel mode to acquire near-field pulsation pressure as sound source data, so that errors generated at interfaces when a sliding grid or an overlapped grid is used for simulating train movement can be avoided; in addition, the current numerical method can be used as an acoustic post-processing tool, once sound source data are obtained, the method can be used for calculating the passing noise of far field points at different sides, and time consumption caused by repeatedly calculating the sound source data is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder computational domain of a cylinder CFD model built according to the method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder computational domain grid of a cylinder CFD model constructed according to the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing comparison of time domain results of the method of the present invention and STAR-CCM+ method.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing comparison of the frequency domain results of the method of the present invention and the STAR-CCM+ method.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of sound pressure time domain results of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sound pressure frequency domain results of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of a high-speed train constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pantograph sub-field model setup of a high-speed train geometric model established by the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a pantograph mesh of a geometric model of a high-speed train constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the receiving point P1 and the receiving point P2 in the geometric model of the high-speed train established in the invention.
Fig. 12 is a second schematic diagram of the positions of the receiving point P1 and the receiving point P2 in the geometric model of the high-speed train.
Fig. 13 is a comparison diagram of the time domain results of the method of the present invention and the STAR-ccm+ method at the receiving point P1.
Fig. 14 is a comparison of the frequency domain results of the method of the present invention and the STAR-ccm+ method at the receiving point P1.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a time domain result at a receiving point P2 by the method of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a frequency domain result at a receiving point P2 by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of the present solution, the present invention will be described in detail by means of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different structures of the invention. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below.
Example 1
A high-speed train passing noise calculation method comprises the following steps:
Firstly, establishing a computational fluid dynamics model of a train based on a wind tunnel mode, obtaining sound source geometric data and sound source data of each micro element by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics model of the train and CFD software, obtaining the pulsating pressure of a moving object in the air on the surface of the moving object in the static air according to the relativity of the movement, solving the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time, and then bringing the sound source geometric data, the pulsating pressure and the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time into a Farassat _1A formula to calculate an ith micro element sound source At the receiving point/>And traversing the sound pressure signals of all the micro-element receiving points at all the moments, finally interpolating the obtained sound pressure signals, superposing the sound pressures radiated by all the micro-elements to obtain the total sound pressure of the far-field receiving points, and finally obtaining the real passing noise signals after removing the invalid sound pressure signals in the total sound pressure.
In a specific embodiment, the calculation of the unsteady flow field is performed in CFD software by using a computational fluid dynamics model of the train to obtain the first train surfaceFirst/>, of individual microelementsSound source geometric data and sound source data at each moment, wherein the sound source geometric data comprises coordinates, an area and an external normal direction, the sound source data refers to the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface, and according to the relativity of movement, the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface is equal to the pulsating pressure of a moving object in static air, so that the ith micro-element/>, is obtainedPulsating pressure f generated in the static air at each moment, wherein the flow field starting moment is 0, and the step time is/>The number of step sizes is/>End time is/>The number of the surface microelements of the train is/>。
In particular embodiments, the derivative of the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface with respect to time is approximated by a fourth order center differenceThe specific calculation is as follows:
，
wherein, Time is expressed by/>Representing step time,/>Representing pulsating pressure,/>Representing the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time.
In a specific embodiment, the sound pressure signal at the receiving point y at the j-th moment of the ith micro-element sound source is solved:
Firstly, executing a virtual train motion process on a sound source surface by utilizing the motion speed of an object under a ground coordinate system, updating the sound source position of each micro element at each moment, and calculating the time from the sound source to the receiving point according to the updated sound source position Finally, the ith infinitesimal at/> isobtainedSound pressure of time-of-day radiation at/>Time to far field reception point, time/>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows;
，
wherein, Representing the initial position of the ith bin,/>Representing the speed of movement of an object,/>Representing the speed of sound;
then calculate the sound pressure signal of far-field receiving point by Farassat _1A formula The Farassat _1a formula is as follows:
，
wherein, Representing air density,/>Representing sound velocity,/>Representing the velocity component of the sound source surface in the external normal direction,/>Representing the derivative of the component of the velocity in the external normal direction with respect to time,/>Representing sound source motion Mach number,/>Mach number at/>, for sound source motionComponent in the direction,/>Representing the coordinate component,/>For the distance between the transmitting point and the receiving point,Is the unit vector in the direction from the sound source to the receiving point,/>Representation/>At/>Component in the direction,/>Representation/>At/>The component in the direction, subscript ret denotes the value of the quantity in brackets at the moment of acoustic emission determined by the delay time equation,/>Representing object surface area,/>Representing an area of 1 bin;
In the calculation process by using Farassat _1A formula, the integral calculation of the object surface area S is involved, and the surface unit is spatially integrated by a first-order method, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
，
wherein, Represents the/>Sound source intensity of individual microelements,/>，/>Represents the/>The area of the individual microelements is that of the wafer,Representing the total sound source intensity of the object surface,/>Representing an area;
finally, the sound source geometry data, the pulsating pressure and the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time are recorded Carrying out Farassat _1A formula to calculate the ith micro-element sound source/>At the receiving point/>Sound pressure signal at/>And go through/>Individual infinitesimal at/>Sound pressure signals of the points are received at each moment.
In a specific embodiment, the obtained sound pressure signals are subjected to linear interpolation processing, the sound pressure signals of the receiving points of the microelements are aligned on a time axis, and then the sound pressure signals from the microelements received by the receiving points at the same timeSuperposition is carried out to obtain sound pressure signals/>, which are generated by the whole object at the receiving point at the moment。
In a specific embodiment, the sound pressure signal generated at the receiving pointThe time domain data of (a) is pruned, concretely as follows:
receiving point sound pressure signal Time domain data of/>Starting at the moment/>Ending at the moment, wherein only at/>To/>The sound pressure signal between the two contains contributions of all infinitesimal units,/>Before and/>The latter data does not contain contributions of all the primitives, thus yielding/>To the point ofThe data in between as an effective sound pressure signal;
Minimum time of propagation from sound source surface to receiving point And maximum time/>The calculation is as follows:
，/>，
wherein, And/>Representing the minimum and maximum distance between the sound source face and the receiving point, respectively.
Example 2
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, fig. 2 to 7, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below; taking a cylinder as an example, fig. 4 and fig. 5 are diagrams showing the comparison of the sound pressure result at (0, 0.1, 0) m calculated by the method according to the invention and the calculation result of STAR-ccm+ without considering the movement of the cylinder, fig. 4 is a diagram showing the comparison of the time domain results of the method according to the invention and the STAR-ccm+ method, and fig. 5 is a diagram showing the comparison of the frequency domain results of the method according to the invention and the STAR-ccm+ method, and it can be seen that the results of the method according to the invention and the STAR-ccm+ method coincide well, thereby proving the effectiveness of the program of the method according to the invention; fig. 6 and 7 show sound pressure results at (13, 0.5, 0) m using the method of the present invention when the cylinder is moving at a speed of 50m/s, fig. 6 shows time domain results, and fig. 7 shows frequency domain results. It can be seen that on the premise that the sliding grid or the overlapped grid technology is not applicable, the method can accurately simulate to obtain the passing noise, and can consider the Doppler effect generated by the object in the moving process.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 8 to 15, taking a pantograph of a high-speed train as an example for testing, fig. 8 to 10 are schematic diagrams of a geometric model of the high-speed train, and are schematic diagrams of receiving points P1 and P2 shown in fig. 11 and 12, comparing the method in the invention with a STAR-ccm+ method at the receiving point P1 in the geometric model of the high-speed train to obtain a result comparison graph in a time domain and a frequency domain shown in fig. 13 and 14, and adopting the method of the invention to obtain a sound pressure result at the receiving point P2 when the pantograph moves at a speed of 400km/h to obtain a time domain result and a frequency domain result shown in fig. 15 and 16; it can be seen that on the premise that the sliding grid or the overlapped grid technology is not applicable, the method can accurately simulate to obtain the passing noise, and can consider the Doppler effect generated by the object in the moving process.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented with reference to the drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is apparent that various modifications or variations can be made by those skilled in the art without the need for inventive work on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The calculation method of the passing noise of the high-speed train is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Firstly, establishing a computational fluid dynamics model of a train based on a wind tunnel mode, obtaining sound source geometric data and sound source data of each micro element by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics model of the train and CFD software, obtaining the pulsating pressure of a moving object in the air on the surface of the moving object in the static air according to the relativity of the movement, solving the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time, and then bringing the sound source geometric data, the pulsating pressure and the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time into a Farassat _1A formula to calculate an ith micro element sound source At the receiving point/>And traversing the sound pressure signals of all the micro-element receiving points at all the moments, finally interpolating the obtained sound pressure signals, superposing the sound pressures radiated by all the micro-elements to obtain the total sound pressure of the far-field receiving points, and finally obtaining the real passing noise signals after removing the invalid sound pressure signals in the total sound pressure.
2. The method for calculating the passing noise of the high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
calculating an unsteady flow field in CFD software by using a computational fluid dynamics model of the train to obtain the first train surface First/>, of individual microelementsSound source geometric data and sound source data at each moment, wherein the sound source geometric data comprises coordinates, an area and an external normal direction, the sound source data refers to the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface, and according to the relativity of movement, the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface is equal to the pulsating pressure of a moving object in static air, so that the ith micro-element/>, is obtainedPulsating pressure f generated in the static air at each moment, wherein the flow field starting moment is 0, and the step time is/>The number of step sizes is/>End time is/>The number of the surface microelements of the train is/>。
3. The method for calculating the passing noise of the high-speed train according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
approximating the time derivative of the pulsating pressure of the sound source surface by a fourth order center difference The specific calculation is as follows:
，
wherein, Time is expressed by/>Representing step time,/>Representing pulsating pressure,/>Representing the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time.
4. A method for calculating passing noise of a high-speed train according to claim 3, wherein the sound pressure signal at the receiving point y at the j-th moment of the i-th micro-element sound source is solved:
Firstly, executing a virtual train motion process on a sound source surface by utilizing the motion speed of an object under a ground coordinate system, updating the sound source position of each micro element at each moment, and calculating the time from the sound source to the receiving point according to the updated sound source position Finally, the ith infinitesimal at/> isobtainedSound pressure of time-of-day radiation at/>Time to far field reception point, time/>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows;
，
wherein, Representing the initial position of the ith bin,/>Representing the speed of movement of an object,/>Representing the speed of sound;
then calculate the sound pressure signal of far-field receiving point by Farassat _1A formula The Farassat _1a formula is as follows:
，
wherein, Representing air density,/>Representing sound velocity,/>Representing the velocity component of the sound source surface in the external normal direction,/>Representing the derivative of the component of the velocity in the external normal direction with respect to time,/>Representing sound source motion Mach number,/>Mach number at/>, for sound source motionComponent in the direction,/>Representing the coordinate component,/>For the distance between the transmitting point and the receiving point,Is the unit vector in the direction from the sound source to the receiving point,/>Representation/>At/>Component in the direction,/>Representation/>At/>The component in the direction, subscript ret denotes the value of the quantity in brackets at the moment of acoustic emission determined by the delay time equation,/>Representing object surface area,/>Representing an area of 1 bin;
In the calculation process by using Farassat _1A formula, the integral calculation of the object surface area S is involved, and the surface unit is spatially integrated by a first-order method, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
，
wherein, Represents the/>Sound source intensity of individual microelements,/>，/>Represents the/>Area of individual microelements,/>Representing the total sound source intensity of the object surface,/>Representing an area;
finally, the sound source geometry data, the pulsating pressure and the derivative of the pulsating pressure with respect to time are recorded Carrying out Farassat _1A formula to calculate the ith micro-element sound source/>At the receiving point/>Sound pressure signal at/>And go through/>The units are inSound pressure signals of the points are received at each moment.
5. The method for calculating passing noise of high-speed train according to claim 4, wherein:
Performing linear interpolation processing on the obtained sound pressure signals, aligning the sound pressure signals of each micro element at the receiving point on a time axis, and then receiving the sound pressure signals from each micro element at the same time by the receiving point Superposition is carried out to obtain sound pressure signals/>, which are generated by the whole object at the receiving point at the moment。
6. The method for calculating the passing noise of the high-speed train according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
sound pressure signal generated at reception point The time domain data of (a) is pruned, concretely as follows:
receiving point sound pressure signal Time domain data of/>Starting at the moment/>Ending at the moment, wherein only at/>To/>The sound pressure signal between the two contains contributions of all infinitesimal units,/>Before and/>The latter data does not contain contributions of all the primitives, thus yielding/>To the point ofThe data in between as an effective sound pressure signal;
Minimum time of propagation from sound source surface to receiving point And maximum time/>The calculation is as follows:
，/>，
wherein, And/>Representing the minimum and maximum distance between the sound source face and the receiving point, respectively.
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