CN118040992A - Underwater equipment heat dissipation motor system and design method thereof - Google Patents
Underwater equipment heat dissipation motor system and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN118040992A CN118040992A CN202410439200.0A CN202410439200A CN118040992A CN 118040992 A CN118040992 A CN 118040992A CN 202410439200 A CN202410439200 A CN 202410439200A CN 118040992 A CN118040992 A CN 118040992A
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a heat dissipation motor system of an underwater device and a design method thereof, which belong to the field of motor design of the underwater device. According to the invention, the space resources of the underwater equipment are fully utilized, and no heat dissipation equipment is additionally arranged, so that the cooling system can realize self-adaptive cooling of the motor rotor assembly and the stator assembly under different sailing working conditions under the condition of greatly reducing the weight of the motor cabin section, and the working safety of the motor is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater equipment, and particularly relates to a heat dissipation motor system of underwater equipment and a design method thereof.
Background
Based on the requirements of high navigational speed and range of the underwater equipment, the motor needs to have higher output power and efficiency, and a large amount of heat can be rapidly generated when the motor works under the working conditions of high power and high rotating speed, and the motor cabin section of the general underwater equipment has tightness, so that if the heat cannot be timely dissipated, the motor can not work continuously due to overheat, and the motor can be influenced to safe operation due to overheat.
Patent publication CN208820621U discloses an energy-saving heat-dissipating motor for underwater use, whose cooling system needs to be equipped with additional cooling devices for cooling, such as a radiator and a coolant. However, since the motor compartment of the underwater equipment is a limited space, the cooling device occupies a large amount of the internal space of the underwater equipment, limiting the arrangement of other components in the compartment. In addition, when the underwater equipment is sailing at a high speed, that is, the sailing speed is greater than 30Kn, the required motor torque and power are sharply increased, the motor heat generation amount is also increased, and in order to ensure the safe operation of the motor in the sailing at the high speed, the design of the cooling system is usually considered to be optimized in the field so as to improve the cooling effect of the motor, but the design process is usually neglected, so that extra weight is added, the lightweight design of the underwater equipment is not facilitated, the sailing performance of the underwater equipment is reduced, and more thrust is required to maintain the sailing speed.
Therefore, how to design a motor system by considering the navigation working condition, the limited space, the light weight and the motor safety performance of the underwater equipment is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the limited space, the light weight and the sailing working condition of the underwater equipment are not considered in the prior art, and provides the underwater equipment heat dissipation motor system and the design method thereof.
The invention is characterized in that:
the water pump adopts a passive driving mode, and the motor rotor shaft directly drives the water pump to work, so that seawater is introduced into the heat dissipation flow channel through the rotor shaft center hole to cool the motor. Because the water pump is driven by the motor, at the low-speed navigation stage of the underwater equipment, namely, generally when the navigation speed is about 5kn, the motor rotor shaft rotates at a lower speed, the heat generated by the motor is small, and the motor cooling system can be increased along with the rotation speed of the rotor shaft, so that the self-adaptive cooling of the heat of the motor is realized, and the safety working requirement of the motor is met. In the high-speed sailing stage of the underwater equipment, namely when the sailing speed is greater than 30Kn, the required motor torque and power are rapidly increased, the rotating speed of a motor rotor shaft is increased, the heat generation amount of the motor is increased, the pressure of a water pump is also increased along with the increase of the speed of the rotor shaft, the cooling effect is improved, but after the rotating speed of the rotor shaft is increased, the heat generation amount of the motor is greatly increased, the pressure of the water pump is insufficient to dissipate the heat generation amount of the motor, and the temperature of the motor exceeds the safety working requirement.
In order to solve the problem of heat dissipation in the high-speed navigation stage of the underwater equipment, the research on the motor system of the underwater equipment generally focuses on the cooling performance of the cooling system, namely, the heat dissipation effect is improved simply by optimizing the structural parameters of the cooling system, and the cooling effect is not related to the adopted motor structure and the total weight requirement of the underwater equipment. Based on the total weight of the underwater equipment and the space requirement, the invention creatively evaluates the heat generation quantity of the motor and the heat dissipation performance of the cooling system under different navigational speeds of the underwater equipment based on the application scene of the underwater equipment for cooling by adopting the passive pump, quantitatively designs the structural parameters of the heat dissipation flow channel of the equipped motor structure and the cooling system, ensures that the temperature of the motor is in a safe working range in the high-speed navigational stage of the underwater equipment, and simultaneously realizes the light-weight design of the motor cabin section of the underwater equipment.
Based on the inventive concept, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
the motor system for cooling the underwater equipment is characterized by comprising a shell of the underwater equipment, a motor and a cooling system; the underwater equipment shell comprises a motor cabin section and a tail cabin section;
The motor comprises a motor front end cover, a rotor assembly, a stator assembly and a motor rear end cover;
the motor front end cover and the motor rear end cover are respectively and radially fixedly arranged at two ends of the motor cabin section cavity, and the rotor assembly and the stator assembly are coaxially arranged between the motor front end cover and the motor rear end cover; the rotor assembly has a rotor shaft for driving the underwater equipment propeller to rotate;
the cooling system is an open type passive self-adaptive cooling system and comprises a heat dissipation flow channel and a water pump arranged at the front end of the rotor shaft; the rear end of the rotor shaft extends out of the tail cabin section and is communicated with the ocean;
The heat dissipation runner comprises a seawater suction hole, a first connecting runner, a double-spiral runner, a second connecting runner and an annular jet hole; the double spiral flow channel is a spiral groove symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the motor cabin section; the seawater suction hole is a central hole of the rotor shaft; the annular jet hole is coaxially arranged on the rotor shaft and is arranged at the position of the outlet of the second connecting flow passage along the rear end of the rotor shaft;
the water pump is provided with two flow passage outlets which are respectively communicated with the input port of the double-spiral flow passage through first connecting flow passages which are symmetrically arranged, and the output port of the double-spiral flow passage is respectively communicated with the annular jet hole through second connecting flow passages which are symmetrically arranged; the water pump sucks seawater from a central hole of the rotor shaft under the drive of the motor rotor shaft, cools the rotor assembly, cools the stator assembly along the double spiral flow passage, flows out of an outlet of the second connecting flow passage after cooling, and is discharged into the ocean through the annular jet hole.
The heat dissipation motor system is determined by adopting simulation optimization, so that the cooling system can conduct heat dissipation and cooling on the motor under different navigation working conditions of the underwater equipment under the condition that the requirements of the weight and the strength of the motor cabin section are met, and the safe operation of the motor is ensured.
Further, the second connecting flow passage comprises a flow passage radially arranged on the rear end cover of the motor, a lip seal cabin and a flow hole arranged on the rotor shaft;
two ends of a liquid flow channel radially arranged on a rear end cover of the motor are respectively communicated with an output port of the double-spiral flow channel and the lip-shaped sealing cabin;
The lip seal cabin is arranged in a central hole of the rear end cover of the motor, and the inner wall of the lip seal cabin is in interference fit with the outer wall of the rotor shaft;
A plurality of liquid flow holes are radially formed in the side wall of the rotor shaft and at the position matched with the lip seal cabin, and the liquid flow holes are communicated with the annular jet holes;
the cooling wastewater discharged through the double spiral flow channels is discharged into the ocean through the liquid flow channel, the lip seal cabin, the liquid flow hole and the annular jet hole on the rear end cover of the motor in sequence.
Further, the rotor assembly includes the rotor shaft, a rotor core, and a permanent magnet; the rotor shaft, the rotor core and the permanent magnet are nested and fixedly connected from inside to outside coaxially in sequence;
the stator assembly is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotor assembly, a gap exists between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, the stator assembly comprises a stator core and a stator winding, the outer wall of the stator core is fixed on the inner wall of the motor compartment, and the stator winding is wound in the stator core; under the action of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet and the stator winding, the rotor iron core, the permanent magnet and the rotor shaft rotate together, and the rotor shaft drives the propeller of the underwater equipment to rotate.
Further, the cross-sectional area ratio of the seawater suction port to the annular jet hole is 3:1.
Further, in order to secure the strength of the inner wall surface of the rotor shaft, the wall thickness between the sea water suction hole and the annular jet hole is not less than 8mm.
Further, the rear section shaft body of the rotor shaft is connected with the tail cabin section through a sliding bearing arranged in the tail cabin section of the underwater equipment, and one end face of the sliding bearing is attached to the inner end face of the tail cabin section;
The inner diameter of the chamber of the tail cabin section is provided with a fixed support fixedly connected with the body of the tail cabin section, and the middle section shaft body of the rotor shaft is connected with the central hole of the fixed support through another sliding bearing.
Further, the whole fixed bracket is disc-shaped, a central hole is formed in the fixed bracket along the axis, and the fixed bracket is connected with the outer wall of the rotor shaft through a sliding bearing;
The fixed bolster lateral wall radially is equipped with a plurality of connecting rods, and the connecting rod tip is connected with the lug that sets up on the motor cabinet section inner wall.
The invention also provides a design method of the heat dissipation motor system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1: according to the space and overall weight requirements of the underwater equipment motor cabin section, configuring a motor for the motor cabin section, and determining the electromagnetic structure of the motor;
Establishing a simulation model of a motor and an underwater equipment shell, and initially setting structural parameters of a heat dissipation runner in the model; the structural parameters comprise the pitch, depth, section size and spiral inclination angle of the double spiral flow channels, and the section sizes of the seawater suction holes and the annular jet holes;
The sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is initially set to be 1;
Step 2: obtaining temperature field parameters of a heat dissipation runner and the highest temperature T i of a stator winding, a stator iron core and a rotor iron core when the motor operates under water at different navigational speeds V i in a high-speed mode through simulation calculation; wherein i=1, 2,3, …, n;
Step 3: judging whether the highest temperatures T i of the stator winding, the stator core and the rotor core meet the motor design requirements under different navigational speeds V i based on the temperature field parameters obtained in the step 2, and if so, entering the step 5; otherwise, enter step 4 and adjust the parameter of the heat dissipation runner;
Step 4: adjusting the parameters of the heat dissipation flow channel in a mode of reducing the pitch of the double-spiral flow channel and/or increasing the cross section size of the double-spiral flow channel, returning to the step 2 and the step 3 under the condition that the motor cabin shell meets the strength design requirement after adjustment, judging whether the highest temperature T i of the stator winding, the stator core and the rotor core meets the motor design requirement, and entering the step 5 if the highest temperature T i meets the motor design requirement; otherwise, returning to the step 1, and re-determining the electromagnetic structure of the motor;
Step 5: calculating and obtaining the edge flow resistance of the double spiral flow channels and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channels, judging whether the edge flow resistance and the local flow resistance are in the range of a Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump (Q is the flow rate of the water pump and H is the lift of the water pump), and if so, obtaining a required heat dissipation motor system; otherwise, the cross section sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole are adjusted until the along-distance flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel can be within the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump after adjustment.
Further, the specific process of adjusting the cross-sectional dimensions of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole in the step 5 is as follows:
step 5.1: setting an adjusting step of the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole, and calculating to obtain the sectional sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole based on the adjusting step;
Step 5.2: through simulation calculation, the along-path flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel are obtained, and whether the along-path flow resistance and the local flow resistance are in the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump is judged:
if yes, continuously increasing the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole according to the step 5.1 until the along-range flow resistance and the local flow resistance are larger than the maximum value of the Q-H characteristic curve range of the water pump;
If not, the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is taken as the limit ratio, the sectional area ratio of the maximum seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole in the Q-H characteristic curve range of the water pump is taken as the optimal sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole, and the sectional size of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is calculated according to the optimal sectional area ratio.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. According to the invention, the water pump is arranged on the rotor shaft of the motor, the central hole of the rotor shaft is used as a seawater suction hole, a double-spiral flow passage is formed on the inner wall of the shell of the underwater equipment motor cabin section, the double-spiral flow passage is in contact with the outer wall of the stator assembly, and the water pump arranged at the end part of the rotor shaft sucks ocean water through the central hole of the rotor shaft under the drive of the motor, so that the rotor assembly is directly subjected to heat dissipation and cooling; ocean water is communicated with the double spiral flow channels through the outlet of the water pump flow channels, so that heat dissipation and cooling of the stator assembly are realized; the double-spiral flow passage output port is communicated with the annular jet hole on the rotor shaft through a liquid flow passage arranged on the rear end cover of the motor, so that the cooling wastewater is discharged to the sea. According to the invention, the space resources of the underwater equipment are fully utilized, a heat dissipation device is not required to be additionally arranged, and the cooling system is used for cooling the motor rotor assembly and the stator assembly under different sailing working conditions under the condition that the weight of the motor cabin section of the underwater equipment is greatly reduced, so that the safe operation of the motor is ensured. The water pump works under the driving action of the motor rotor shaft, so that the cooling system can cool the motor in a self-adaptive manner according to the output power of the motor. In addition, the double-spiral runner is arranged on the inner wall of the underwater equipment motor cabin section shell, the underwater equipment motor cabin section shell replaces the motor shell, and the outer wall of the motor cabin section is directly contacted with the sea to realize heat exchange while the sea is cooled by the seawater in the double-spiral runner, so that the heat dissipation effect of the heat dissipation runner is greatly improved.
2. According to the invention, the double spiral flow channels are symmetrically arranged, and seawater flows oppositely through the double spiral flow channels, so that the turbulent flow effect of fluid is increased, the uniform distribution of the fluid is facilitated, the heat transfer and dissipation in the motor and the motor cabin section are accelerated, the cooling effect of the motor is improved, and the use safety of the motor is ensured.
3. According to the invention, the double-spiral flow passage output port is communicated with the annular jet hole arranged on the rotor shaft through the second connecting flow passage, and the annular jet hole and the central hole of the rotor shaft are coaxially designed, so that cooling wastewater can be discharged and simultaneously axial driving force can be provided for underwater equipment, and the working efficiency of an aircraft power system is greatly improved.
4. The heat dissipation motor system is not only suitable for underwater vehicles, such as AUV and UUV, but also suitable for other underwater equipment such as torpedo. The AUV is an autonomous underwater vehicle (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV for short), and the UUV is an unmanned underwater vehicle (Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, UUV for short).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an aircraft in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a quarter sectional view of a three-dimensional structure of a heat dissipating motor system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the two spiral flow channels are reserved in the form of a double spiral flow channel structure;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional full cross-sectional view of a heat dissipating motor system in an axial direction in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the flow of seawater in the heat dissipation flow channel of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a water pump; 2-rotor shaft; 201-seawater suction holes; 202-an annular jet aperture; 3-a first connecting channel; 4-double spiral flow channels; 401-upper spiral flow channel; 402-lower spiral flow channel; 5-a second connecting runner; 6-lip seal cabin; 7-a front end cover of the motor; 8-rotor core; a 9-stator assembly; 10-permanent magnets; 11-a rear end cover of the motor; 12-a sliding bearing; 13-fixing a bracket; 14-a motor compartment; 15-tail bay section.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with respect to an underwater vehicle as an example, which is intended to be illustrative of the present invention and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, an underwater vehicle heat dissipation motor system includes an underwater vehicle housing, a motor, and a cooling system;
The underwater vehicle housing comprises a motor compartment 14 and a tail compartment 15;
The motor comprises a motor front end cover 7, a rotor assembly, a stator assembly 9 and a motor rear end cover 11;
the motor front end cover 7 and the motor rear end cover 11 are respectively and radially fixedly arranged at two ends of the cavity of the motor cabin section 14, and the rotor assembly and the stator assembly 9 are coaxially arranged between the motor front end cover 7 and the motor rear end cover 11;
the rotor assembly comprises a rotor shaft 2, a rotor core 8 and permanent magnets 10; the rotor shaft 2, the rotor core 8 and the permanent magnet 10 are coaxially nested and fixedly connected into a whole from inside to outside in sequence;
The stator assembly 9 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotor assembly, and a gap exists between the inner wall of the stator assembly and the outer wall of the rotor assembly. The stator assembly 9 comprises a stator core and a stator winding, wherein the outer wall of the stator core is fixed on the inner wall of the motor compartment section 14, and the stator winding is wound in the stator core. Under the action of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 10 and the stator winding, the rotor core 8, the permanent magnet 10 and the rotor shaft 2 rotate together, and the rotor shaft 2 drives the propeller of the underwater vehicle to rotate. The propeller of the underwater vehicle is not shown in the drawings.
The cooling system adopts an open type passive cooling system, the cooling system comprises a heat dissipation runner and a water pump 1, the water pump 1 is arranged at the front end of a rotor shaft 2, and the cooling system is passively operated under the driving action of the motor rotor shaft. The rear end of the rotor shaft 2 extends out of the shell of the tail cabin section 15 and is communicated with the sea; the shaft body of the tail section of the rotor shaft 2 is connected with the shell of the tail section through a sliding bearing 12 arranged in the tail section 15, and the end face of the sliding bearing 12 is attached to the inner end face of the shell of the tail section 15. A fixed bracket 13 fixedly connected with a shell of the tail cabin section is radially arranged in a cavity of the tail cabin section 15, and the shaft body of the rotor shaft 2 is connected with a central hole of the fixed bracket 13 through another sliding bearing 12.
The fixed support 13 is disc-shaped as a whole, a central hole is formed in the middle of the fixed support along the axis, and the fixed support is connected with the outer wall of the rotor shaft 2 through a sliding bearing. The side wall of the fixed bracket 13 is radially provided with a plurality of connecting rods, and the end parts of the connecting rods are connected with lugs arranged on the inner wall of the underwater vehicle shell.
The heat dissipation flow path includes a seawater suction hole 201, a first connection flow path 3, a double spiral flow path 4, a second connection flow path 5, and an annular jet hole 202.
The seawater suction hole 201 is a central hole formed in the rotor shaft 2 along the axis, and the seawater suction hole 201 is connected with the liquid inlet of the water pump 1. The rotor shaft 2 is provided with an annular jet hole 202, the annular jet hole 202 and the seawater suction hole 201 are coaxially arranged, and the annular jet hole is arranged to the position of the motor rear end cover 11 along the rear end face of the rotor shaft 2. The side wall of the rotor shaft 2 is radially provided with a plurality of liquid flow holes which are communicated with the annular jet holes and are positioned at the position of the rear end cover of the motor. In order to ensure the mechanical strength of the rotor shaft, in the present embodiment, the cross-sectional area ratio of the seawater suction port 201 to the annular jet hole is preferably taken to be 3:1. Since the wall thickness between the seawater suction hole 201 and the annular jet hole is too small, the wall strength of the rotor shaft 2 is lowered; too large a wall thickness may result in a low structural integration. Therefore, the wall thickness between the seawater intake port and the annular jet hole is not less than 8 mm.
Two spiral grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner wall of the motor cabin section 14, the top wall of each spiral groove is fixedly attached to the outer wall of the stator assembly 9 to form the double-spiral flow channel 4, each double-spiral flow channel comprises an upper spiral flow channel 401 and a lower spiral flow channel 402, and the pitch, the depth, the spiral inclination angle and the section parameters of the two spiral flow channels are the same. The design of the double spiral flow channel 4 increases the turbulence effect of the fluid, is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the fluid, accelerates the heat transfer and emission, and realizes the efficient and balanced cooling of the motor.
The water pump 1 is provided with two flow passage outlets, which are respectively communicated with the input ports of the upper spiral flow passage 401 and the lower spiral flow passage 402 through two first connecting flow passages 3 symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the front end of the motor compartment section 14, and the output ports of the upper spiral flow passage 401 and the lower spiral flow passage 402 are respectively communicated with the annular jet hole 202 through second connecting flow passages 5 symmetrically arranged on the motor rear end cover 11. When the cooling device works, the rotating speed of the impeller in the water pump is the same as that of the rotor shaft of the motor, and when the output power of the motor is larger, the rotating speed of the impeller is larger, the flow speed of seawater in the heat dissipation flow channel is increased, and the cooling effect of the motor is also improved.
Because the rotating rotor shaft can not be directly connected with the fixedly arranged second connecting runner 5, a lip-shaped sealing cabin 6 is arranged in the central hole of the motor rear end cover 11, and the outer wall of the rotor shaft 2 is connected with the central hole of the lip-shaped sealing cabin 6 in an interference fit mode. The outlet end of the second connecting runner 5 is communicated with a liquid flow hole arranged on the rotor shaft through a cavity of the lip seal cabin 6, so that cooling waste water can flow into the annular jet hole 202 through the lip seal cabin and the liquid flow hole and finally be discharged into the ocean.
Referring to fig. 4, in operation, the water pump 1 is driven by the rotor shaft of the motor to passively operate, and sucks seawater through the seawater suction hole 201 on the rotor shaft 2, and cools the rotor assembly during the inflow of seawater through the seawater suction hole; seawater flows into the upper spiral flow channel 401 and the lower spiral flow channel 402 through two flow channel outlets on the water pump 1 respectively through the first connecting flow channels 3 which are vertically and symmetrically arranged, so as to cool the stator assembly 9; the cooling wastewater flows out of the double spiral flow channels, flows into the lip seal cabin 6 for liquid exchange through the second connecting flow channel 5 arranged on the motor rear end cover 11, and then flows into the ocean through the annular jet holes 202 through the liquid flow holes on the rotor shaft. Meanwhile, as the double-spiral flow channel is formed in the inner wall of the motor cabin section 15 of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle shell is directly contacted with ocean water, and heat exchange exists between the ocean water in the double-spiral flow channel and the ocean water outside the underwater vehicle shell, the temperature of the ocean water in the double-spiral flow channel is reduced, the heat dissipation in the motor and the motor cabin section is further improved, and the cooling effect is improved. The cooling system disclosed by the invention realizes uniform heat dissipation of the motor, and simultaneously, cooling wastewater is discharged through the annular jet holes arranged on the rotor shaft, so that the forward thrust of the aircraft is provided, and the efficiency of the power system of the underwater aircraft is improved.
In order to minimize the impact of the cooling system on the overall weight of the aircraft to improve the maneuvering and voyage performance of the aircraft, the design motor structure needs to be light and small. In addition, because the navigation working conditions of the underwater vehicle are different, the requirements of the actually carried motor on heat dissipation are also different. In order to improve the heat dissipation effect, the pitch of the spiral flow channel is reduced or the depth and the section size of the spiral flow channel are increased to obtain larger heat dissipation surface area, meanwhile, according to the performance parameters of an actual motor, the pitch, the spiral inclination angle, the section size and the depth of the double spiral flow channel are optimally adjusted to change the speed and the direction of seawater flow so as to improve the cooling effect, and meanwhile, the double spiral flow channel arranged on the inner wall of the underwater vehicle shell can not reduce the strength of the underwater vehicle shell, so that the underwater vehicle is prevented from slightly swinging due to the vibration of the motor during navigation.
In addition, a sudden change in water flow may produce a momentary pressure change in the heat dissipation flow path, referred to as a water hammer force. Under the condition that other conditions are not changed, the water flow speed is increased, and the water impact force is also increased. The water hammer force can damage the flow channel, especially at the connection position of the double spiral flow channel and the annular jet hole, water flows are injected into the annular jet hole at an angle of 90 degrees, and the sudden increase of the water hammer force can cause serious damage to the rotor shaft.
Therefore, when the size of the annular jet flow hole is designed and determined, the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet is expanded as much as possible according to the load relation of the flow resistance and the water pump according to the actually carried motor, so as to achieve the effect of pushing water flow into the aircraft. The cross section sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole are properly obtained through design, so that the flow resistance of the heat dissipation flow channel is in the range of a characteristic curve Q-H of the water pump (Q is the flow rate of the water pump and H is the lift of the water pump), and larger forward thrust is provided for the underwater vehicle as much as possible.
Based on the above consideration, the present embodiment provides a design method of the heat dissipation motor system of an underwater vehicle, which specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: according to the space and overall weight requirements of the motor cabin section of the underwater vehicle, configuring a motor for the motor cabin section, and determining the electromagnetic structure of the motor;
Establishing a simulation model of the motor and the underwater vehicle shell; initially setting structural parameters of a heat dissipation runner in the model; the structural parameters comprise the pitch, depth, section size and spiral inclination angle of the double spiral flow channels, and the section sizes of the seawater suction holes and the annular jet holes;
The sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is initially set to be 1;
Step 2, obtaining temperature field parameters of a heat dissipation runner and the highest temperature T i of a stator winding, a stator core and a rotor core when the motor operates at different navigational speeds V i through simulation calculation; where i=1, 2,3, …, n. Considering that the stator winding generates larger heat when the underwater vehicle sails at a low speed and the stator core and the rotor core generate larger heat when the underwater vehicle sails at a high speed, only the highest temperature of the stator winding, the stator core and the rotor core is concerned with whether the highest temperature is in the safe working temperature range of the motor.
Step 3, judging whether the highest temperature T i of the stator winding, the stator iron core and the rotor iron core meets the design requirement of the safe working temperature of the motor under different navigational speeds V i based on the temperature field parameters obtained in the step 2, and if so, entering the step 5; otherwise, enter step 4 and adjust the parameter of the heat dissipation runner;
Step 4, adjusting the heat dissipation flow channel parameters in a mode of reducing the pitch of the double-spiral flow channel and/or increasing the cross-section size of the double-spiral flow channel, returning to the step 2 and the step 3 under the condition that the motor cabin shell meets the strength design requirement after adjustment, judging whether the highest temperature T i of the stator winding, the stator core and the rotor core meets the motor safe working temperature design requirement, and entering the step 5 if the highest temperature T i meets the motor safe working temperature design requirement; otherwise, returning to the step 1, and re-determining the electromagnetic structure of the motor;
step 5, calculating and obtaining the along-path flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel, and judging whether the along-path flow resistance and the local flow resistance are in the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump or not: if yes, obtaining a required heat dissipation motor system; otherwise, the cross section sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole are adjusted until the along-distance flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel can be within the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump after adjustment.
In the step 5, the specific process of making the along-range flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance at the bending position of the heat dissipation flow channel be within the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump is as follows by adjusting the cross section sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole:
And 5.1, setting an adjusting step of the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole, and calculating to obtain the sectional sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole based on the adjusting step. In this embodiment, the step of proportional adjustment is 0.5, and the step of proportional adjustment can be reduced to obtain more accurate design parameters;
Step 5.2, obtaining the along-path flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel through simulation calculation, and judging whether the along-path flow resistance and the local flow resistance are in the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump or not:
if yes, continuously increasing the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole according to the step 5.1 until the along-range flow resistance and the local flow resistance are larger than the maximum value of the Q-H characteristic curve range of the water pump;
If not, the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is taken as the limit ratio, the sectional area ratio of the maximum seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole in the Q-H characteristic curve range of the water pump is taken as the optimal sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole, and the sectional size of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is calculated according to the optimal sectional size ratio.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The underwater equipment heat dissipation motor system is characterized by comprising an underwater equipment shell, a motor and a cooling system; the underwater equipment shell comprises a motor cabin section and a tail cabin section;
The motor comprises a motor front end cover, a rotor assembly, a stator assembly and a motor rear end cover;
the motor front end cover and the motor rear end cover are respectively and radially fixedly arranged at two ends of the motor cabin section cavity, and the rotor assembly and the stator assembly are coaxially arranged between the motor front end cover and the motor rear end cover; the rotor assembly has a rotor shaft for driving the underwater equipment propeller to rotate;
the cooling system is an open type passive self-adaptive cooling system and comprises a heat dissipation flow channel and a water pump arranged at the front end of the rotor shaft; the rear end of the rotor shaft extends out of the tail cabin section and is communicated with the ocean;
The heat dissipation runner comprises a seawater suction hole, a first connecting runner, a double-spiral runner, a second connecting runner and an annular jet hole; the double spiral flow channel is a spiral groove symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the motor cabin section; the seawater suction hole is a central hole of the rotor shaft; the annular jet hole is coaxially arranged on the rotor shaft and is arranged at the position of the outlet of the second connecting flow passage along the rear end of the rotor shaft;
the water pump is provided with two flow passage outlets which are respectively communicated with the input port of the double-spiral flow passage through first connecting flow passages which are symmetrically arranged, and the output port of the double-spiral flow passage is respectively communicated with the annular jet hole through second connecting flow passages which are symmetrically arranged; the water pump sucks seawater from a central hole of the rotor shaft under the drive of the motor rotor shaft, cools the rotor assembly, cools the stator assembly along the double spiral flow passage, flows out of an outlet of the second connecting flow passage after cooling, and is discharged into the ocean through the annular jet hole.
2. The heat dissipating motor system of claim 1, wherein the second connecting flow channel comprises a flow channel radially opening on the motor rear end cap, a lip seal compartment, and a flow hole opening on the rotor shaft;
two ends of a liquid flow channel radially arranged on a rear end cover of the motor are respectively communicated with an output port of the double-spiral flow channel and the lip-shaped sealing cabin;
The lip seal cabin is arranged in a central hole of the rear end cover of the motor, and the inner wall of the lip seal cabin is in interference fit with the outer wall of the rotor shaft;
A plurality of liquid flow holes are radially formed in the side wall of the rotor shaft and at the position matched with the lip seal cabin, and the liquid flow holes are communicated with the annular jet holes;
the cooling wastewater discharged through the double spiral flow channels is discharged into the ocean through the liquid flow channel, the lip seal cabin, the liquid flow hole and the annular jet hole on the rear end cover of the motor in sequence.
3. The heat-dissipating motor system of claim 2, wherein the rotor assembly comprises the rotor shaft, a rotor core, and a permanent magnet; the rotor shaft, the rotor core and the permanent magnet are nested and fixedly connected from inside to outside coaxially in sequence;
the stator assembly is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotor assembly, a gap exists between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, the stator assembly comprises a stator core and a stator winding, the outer wall of the stator core is fixed on the inner wall of the motor compartment, and the stator winding is wound in the stator core; under the action of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet and the stator winding, the rotor iron core, the permanent magnet and the rotor shaft rotate together, and the rotor shaft drives the propeller of the underwater equipment to rotate.
4. The heat dissipating motor system of claim 3, wherein a cross-sectional area ratio of said seawater intake port to said annular jet port is 3:1.
5. The heat dissipating motor system of claim 4, wherein a wall thickness between said seawater intake port and said annular jet port is not less than 8 mm.
6. The heat dissipating motor system of claim 5, wherein the rear shaft body of the rotor shaft is connected to the tail section by a sliding bearing provided in the tail section of the underwater equipment, and an end face of the sliding bearing is fitted to an inner end face of the tail section;
The inner diameter of the chamber of the tail cabin section is provided with a fixed support fixedly connected with the body of the tail cabin section, and the middle section shaft body of the rotor shaft is connected with the central hole of the fixed support through another sliding bearing.
7. The heat dissipation motor system according to claim 6, wherein the fixed bracket is disc-shaped as a whole, a central hole is formed in the fixed bracket along the axis, and the fixed bracket is connected with the outer wall of the rotor shaft through a sliding bearing;
The fixed bolster lateral wall radially is equipped with a plurality of connecting rods, and the connecting rod tip is connected with the lug that sets up on the motor cabinet section inner wall.
8. The method for designing a heat dissipating motor system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
Step 1: according to the space and overall weight requirements of the underwater equipment motor cabin section, configuring a motor for the motor cabin section, and determining the electromagnetic structure of the motor;
Establishing a simulation model of a motor and an underwater equipment shell, and initially setting structural parameters of a heat dissipation runner in the model; the structural parameters comprise the pitch, depth, section size and spiral inclination angle of the double spiral flow channels, and the section sizes of the seawater suction holes and the annular jet holes;
The sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is initially set to be 1;
Step 2: obtaining temperature field parameters of a heat dissipation runner and the highest temperature T i of a stator winding, a stator core and a rotor core when the motor sails under water with different sailing speeds V i through simulation calculation; wherein i=1, 2,3, …, n;
Step 3: judging whether the highest temperatures T i of the stator winding, the stator core and the rotor core meet the motor design requirements under different navigational speeds V i based on the temperature field parameters obtained in the step 2, and if so, entering the step 5; otherwise, enter step 4 and adjust the parameter of the heat dissipation runner;
Step 4: adjusting the parameters of the heat dissipation flow channel in a mode of reducing the pitch of the double-spiral flow channel and/or increasing the cross section size of the double-spiral flow channel, returning to the step 2 and the step 3 under the condition that the motor cabin shell meets the strength design requirement after adjustment, judging whether the highest temperature T i of the stator winding, the stator core and the rotor core meets the motor design requirement, and entering the step 5 if the highest temperature T i meets the motor design requirement; otherwise, returning to the step 1, and re-determining the electromagnetic structure of the motor;
Step 5: calculating and obtaining the along-path flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel, judging whether the along-path flow resistance and the local flow resistance are within the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump, and if so, obtaining a required heat dissipation motor system; otherwise, the cross section sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole are adjusted until the along-distance flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel can be within the range of the Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump after adjustment.
9. The design method according to claim 8, wherein the specific process of adjusting the cross-sectional dimensions of the seawater intake port and the annular jet hole in step 5 is:
step 5.1: setting an adjusting step of the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole, and calculating to obtain the sectional sizes of the seawater suction hole and the annular jet hole based on the adjusting step;
Step 5.2: obtaining the along-path flow resistance of the double spiral flow channel and the local flow resistance of the bending part of the heat dissipation flow channel through simulation calculation, and judging whether the along-path flow resistance and the local flow resistance are within the range of a Q-H characteristic curve of the water pump;
if yes, continuously increasing the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole according to the step 5.1 until the along-range flow resistance and the local flow resistance are larger than the maximum value of the Q-H characteristic curve range of the water pump;
If not, the sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is taken as the limit ratio, the sectional area ratio of the maximum seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole in the Q-H characteristic curve range of the water pump is taken as the optimal sectional area ratio of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole, and the sectional size of the seawater suction hole to the annular jet hole is calculated according to the optimal sectional area ratio.
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