CN117999932A

CN117999932A - Intelligent planting device and planting method for agricultural machinery

Info

Publication number: CN117999932A
Application number: CN202410423433.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张世杰; 韩葆颖; ***
Original assignee: Shanxi Province Agricultural Machinery Development Center
Current assignee: Shanxi Province Agricultural Machinery Development Center
Priority date: 2024-04-09
Filing date: 2024-04-09
Publication date: 2024-05-10
Anticipated expiration: 2044-04-09
Also published as: CN117999932B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery planting, and discloses an agricultural machinery intelligent planting device and a planting method thereof. When the swing rod moves downwards in an arc way, the pit digger is inserted into the position below the ground by utilizing the two groups of spring steel blades, a crack is formed, when the arc head at the bottommost end of the conical sliding block contacts a ground soil layer, the conical sliding block is caused to move upwards in the area between the two groups of guide grooves, the conical sliding block slowly expands the two groups of spring steel blades, so that the gap of the crack expands to two sides under the extrusion of the back surfaces of the spring steel blades, a groove pit space enough for placing seedlings is formed, and the technical problem that the seedlings in the groove pit space are difficult to place is solved.

Description

Intelligent planting device and planting method for agricultural machinery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery planting, in particular to an intelligent agricultural machinery planting device and a planting method thereof.

Background

Agricultural machinery is generally classified according to purposes and can be classified into soil cultivation machinery, planting machinery, fertilization machinery, plant protection machinery, crop harvesting machinery, animal husbandry machinery, agricultural product processing machinery and the like, wherein the planting machinery is defined in a broad sense, namely transplanting seedlings cultivated indoors to outdoors for planting, and the outdoor planting is fast in speed and high in efficiency due to the short survival period of the seedlings, and has strict requirements on climate.

The existing seedling planting machinery has the following technical defects that the first semi-automatic planting manipulator is widely applied, but the actual operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the planting can be completed only in more than 6 hours per mu of land on average, the problems of low automation and intelligent degree exist, and only one pit can be planted each time, so that the product cannot be further improved, and the working efficiency is low; when the second current planting machine is used for planting seedlings, the seedling plants fall down and lack of support and protection due to the lack of a centralizing structure, the seedlings fall down immediately, the lodging proportion is high, and the planting quality is reduced; third at present used planter seedling case degree of automation is low, takes out and the unloading in-process and appears the seedling blocking, seedling handstand whereabouts, the condition such as seedling leaf damage easily, and the structural defect of seedling case is bigger, can't handle multiunit seedling.

In summary, considering that the existing mechanical facilities cannot meet the working and use requirements, we propose an intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery and a planting method thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide an intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery and a planting method thereof, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides an agricultural machine intelligence planting device, includes the device main part, spacing movable groove has been seted up to the inside equidistance of device main part, every group spacing movable inslot installs the mechanism of digging pit, the top of device main part is provided with the support, the top of mechanism of digging pit is fixed in the support.

The bottom of the device main body is riveted with a plurality of groups of soil pressing devices corresponding to the pit digging mechanisms at equal intervals, the soil pressing devices are positioned at the horizontal rear sides of the corresponding pit digging mechanisms, and the number of the limiting movable grooves, the number of the limiting movable supports, the number of the pit digging mechanisms and the number of the soil pressing devices are all preferably 3-5 groups.

The soil pressing device comprises a soil pressing device main body, wherein the soil pressing device main body is made of solid steel materials, waist-shaped grooves are formed in two outer side faces of the soil pressing device main body, the number of the waist-shaped grooves is preferably 4, supporting rods are movably arranged in the waist-shaped grooves, and the supporting rods are fixed on a connecting seat.

The upper ends of the two groups of connecting seats are riveted on the lower end face of the device main body through connecting sheets, the number of the connecting sheets is preferably 2-3 groups, and the bottom of the soil pressing device main body is symmetrically provided with two groups of flat pressing seats.

The front end part of the area between the two groups of flat pressing seats is provided with a feeding hole, the rear end part of the area between the two groups of flat pressing seats is provided with a limiting gap, and the top of the soil pressing device main body is provided with a pushing seat.

A feeding chain structure is arranged at the rear position inside the soil pressing device main body.

The pushing seat comprises a second servo motor, a speed changer, a rotating rod, a cam, a middle table and a contact sliding block, wherein the second servo motor is horizontally arranged on the inner side of the pushing seat, the second servo motor is connected with the rotating rod through the speed changer, the cam is sleeved on the rotating rod, the contact sliding block is arranged at the lower end of the cam in a fitting mode, and the contact sliding block is arranged at the upper end of the middle table.

The pushing seat further comprises a pushing column, a column hole, a pushing spring and a suction barrel, the pushing column is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the middle table, the pushing column downwards penetrates through the column hole on the partition board, the partition board is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the pushing seat, the pushing spring is fixedly arranged between the partition board and the middle table, the pushing spring is sleeved on the outer side of the pushing column, the lower end of the pushing column stretches into the soil pressing device main body and is provided with the suction barrel, the middle of the suction barrel is downwards provided with a trough, the trough is covered at the head blade position of a seedling plant, one side of the upper end of the suction barrel is communicated with the trough to be provided with a hose, and the other end of the hose is provided with a suction fan which is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the partition board.

The feeding chain structure comprises a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, a chain and a discharging tool, wherein the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are horizontally connected through the chain, positioning shafts are arranged at the middle positions of the bottoms of the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, the positioning shafts are fixed through a third bearing seat and the inside of the soil pressing device main body, a plurality of groups of discharging tools are uniformly arranged on the outer side face of the chain, the number of the discharging tools is preferably 20-40, and seedlings are vertically arranged in each discharging tool.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the pit digging mechanism comprises a fixing seat, a swing rod, a sliding seat, a sliding groove and a crank, wherein the fixing seat is positioned on a support, the swing rod is rotationally arranged on the fixing seat, one end of the movement range of the swing rod is positioned right below the fixing seat, the sliding seat is internally provided with the sliding groove, the sliding groove is hooped at the middle part of the swing rod and is matched with the sliding groove, and the crank is hinged to the end part of the sliding seat.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the pit digging mechanism further comprises a rotating shaft, a first bearing seat, a large gear and a connecting rod, the central position of the crank is horizontally connected with the rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is fixed with the device main body through the first bearing seat, the large gear is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the lower end of the swing rod is fixed with the connecting rod, and the lower end of the connecting rod is riveted with a pit digger.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: one side of each group of large gears is provided with a small gear in a meshed manner, each group of small gears are sleeved on a connecting shaft, one end of the connecting shaft is connected with a first servo motor fixed with the device main body, and the other end of the connecting shaft is fixed with the inner wall of the device main body through a second bearing seat.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the pit digger comprises spring steel blades, inner steps, guide grooves, conical sliding blocks, arc heads and reset springs, wherein the spring steel blades are arranged in two groups and symmetrically distributed, the spring steel blades are buckled and pressed close to each other, the end parts of the spring steel blades are riveted on a connecting rod, the inner sides of the spring steel blades are provided with the inner steps, the guide grooves are formed in the inner surfaces of the inner steps, the conical sliding blocks are movably arranged between the guide grooves, the conical sliding blocks are gradually thickened from top to bottom, the arc heads are arranged at the lower ends of the conical sliding blocks, the reset springs are sleeved at the upper ends of the conical sliding blocks, one ends of the reset springs are fixed on the sliding blocks, and the other ends of the reset springs are fixed at the bottoms of the connecting rods.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the feeding chain structure is characterized in that a hopper is arranged below the front end position of the feeding chain structure, a discharging hole through which a feeding barrel downwards passes is formed in the bottom of the hopper, a baffle plate is arranged above the front end position of the feeding chain structure, a plurality of groups of harrow hooks are arranged at the bottom of the baffle plate, and the number of the harrow hooks is preferably 2-4 groups.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the rear end face of the soil pressing device main body is provided with a charging hole.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: one end of the rotating rod, which is far away from the speed changer, is fixed by utilizing the inner walls of the fourth bearing seat and the pushing seat.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the positioning shaft at the lower end of the driving sprocket is sleeved with a reduction gear, one side of the reduction gear is provided with a driving gear in a meshed mode, the driving gear is sleeved on an output shaft of a third servo motor, and the third servo motor is vertically arranged in the soil pressing device body.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the striker plate is obliquely arranged towards the material suction cylinder.

As a preferable scheme of the intelligent planting device for the agricultural machinery, the invention comprises the following steps: the device body is located on an agricultural machine with a drive mechanism.

An intelligent planting method for agricultural machinery adopts the intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery, which comprises the following steps:

S1: intermittently starting a first servo motor to drive a connecting shaft to rotate, driving a plurality of groups of pinions on the connecting shaft to rotate along with the pinions on each group of pit digging mechanisms to rotate for one circle, enabling a crank on the same rotating shaft to rotate for one circle, enabling the crank to act on a sliding seat to cause the sliding seat and a swinging rod to perform relative movement, enabling the swinging rod at a high position to move downwards in an arc manner until the swinging rod moves to a vertical downward state as an end point, and then enabling the swinging rod to move back to the original position and then stopping.

S2: when the swing rod moves downwards in an arc way, the pit digger is inserted into the ground from a position above the ground by utilizing two groups of spring steel blades, a crack is formed, when the arc head at the bottommost end of the conical sliding block contacts a ground soil layer, the conical sliding block is caused to move upwards in the area between the two groups of guide grooves, the conical sliding block slowly expands the two groups of spring steel blades, so that gaps of the crack are expanded to two sides under the extrusion of the back surfaces of the spring steel blades, a groove pit space enough for placing seedlings is formed, and the pit digging action is ended.

S3: after the pit is dug, the soil pressing device just moves to the pit position along with the forward movement of the agricultural machinery, at the moment, a group of discharging tools on the feeding chain structure move to a front position, when the seedlings just pass through the lower part of the baffle plate, the seedlings in the discharging tools touch the harrow hooks, the blades at the heads of the seedlings are hooked by a plurality of groups of harrow hooks, the seedlings are moved out of the discharging tools, fall into the hopper, and move towards the direction of the blanking holes in the middle.

S4: immediately starting a suction fan to generate suction force to act on the trough area of the suction barrel, and bundling the head blades of the seedling plants into the trough through the suction force.

S5: and then immediately starting a second servo motor, driving the rotating rod to rotate for a circle after the speed is reduced by the speed changer, causing the cam on the rotating rod to circularly move for a circle, extruding the convex part of the cam and the contact sliding block, causing the middle table and the pushing column at the lower end to move downwards, and enabling the seedling-sucking barrel to continuously move downwards through the blanking hole until the lower barrel opening of the seedling-sucking barrel moves to the position of the feeding opening, closing the suction fan at the moment, and enabling the seedling to just freely fall into the groove pit from the feeding opening and accurately fall.

S6: the soil pressing device continuously moves forwards, so that the middle branch position of the seedling directly enters into the limiting gap, and two groups of flat pressing seats are utilized to loosen and compact the soil at two sides of the seedling, fill up the groove pits and finish planting at a single pit position.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable improvements and advantages:

When the swing rod moves downwards in an arc, the pit digger is inserted into the ground from a position above the ground by utilizing two groups of spring steel blades, a crack is formed, when the arc head at the bottommost end of the conical sliding block contacts a ground soil layer, the conical sliding block is caused to move upwards in an area between the two groups of guide grooves, the conical sliding block slowly expands the two groups of spring steel blades, so that gaps of the crack expand to two sides under the extrusion of the back surfaces of the spring steel blades, a groove pit space enough for placing seedlings is formed, and the technical problem that the seedlings are difficult to place in the groove pit space is solved.

Intermittently starting a first servo motor to drive a connecting shaft to rotate, and driving a plurality of groups of pinions on the connecting shaft to rotate for a circle respectively to drive a large gear of each group of pit digging mechanisms to rotate for a circle to enable a crank on the same rotating shaft to rotate for a circle, so that the crank can act on a sliding seat to cause the sliding seat and a swinging rod to perform relative motion, the swinging rod which is originally positioned at a high position moves downwards in an arc manner, a plurality of groups of pit digging mechanisms are realized to synchronously dig pits through a single power source, and a plurality of groups of seedling plants can be excavated and planted at one time by matching with a soil pressing device, so that the working efficiency is remarkably improved.

The design feed chain structure, chain drive a plurality of groups of blowing frock annular motion, a set of blowing frock on the feed chain structure moves to the position of leaning on, and just in time when the striker plate below, the seedling in the blowing frock touches the harrow material hook, and the blade of seedling head receives the hook of a plurality of groups harrow material hook, shifts out in the follow blowing frock, and seedling whereabouts is gone into in the hopper, and to the unloading hole direction removal in the centre, reaches the purpose of automatic orderly unloading.

The design pushes away the material seat, start the suction fan earlier, produce suction force and act on the silo region of inhaling the feed cylinder, make the head blade of seedling cluster get into the silo through suction force effect, ensure the vertical state of seedling, then start the second servo motor immediately, drive the bull stick and rotate a week after reducing through the derailleur, cause the cam circular motion on the bull stick a week, the bulge and the contact slider extrusion of cam, cause the material post down motion of middle platform and lower extreme, and make the feed cylinder carry the seedling to pass the unloading hole and continue down motion, until inhale feed cylinder lower nozzle and move to the pan feeding mouth position, at this moment close suction fan, the seedling just falls into the trough pit from the pan feeding mouth freely, accurate fall, reach the purpose of pushing away the pan feeding hole, degree of automation is high.

The soil pressing device continuously moves forwards, so that the middle branch position of the seedling plant directly enters the limiting gap to play a role in supporting and protecting, and two groups of flat pressing seats are utilized to loosen and compact soil at two sides of the seedling plant and fill up the groove pits, so that the seedling plant is ensured not to fall.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the device body of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the relative positions of the earth boring mechanism and the earth compactor of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the external structure of the pit art of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation position of the earth boring machine of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a specific structure of the hole digger of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a structure of the soil compactor of the present invention in one direction;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another direction of the soil compactor of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the pushing base of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a specific structure of a feed chain according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a driving structure of a feed chain structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the relative positions of the hopper and the pusher base of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a device body; 2. a limit movable groove; 3. a bracket; 4. a pinion gear; 5. a connecting shaft; 6. a first servo motor; 7. a pit digging mechanism; 70. a fixing seat; 71. swing rod; 72. a slide; 73. a chute; 74. a crank; 75. a rotating shaft; 76. a first bearing seat; 77. a large gear; 78. a connecting rod; 8. a pit digger; 81. spring steel blade; 82. an inner step; 83. a guide groove; 84. a conical slide block; 85. a circular arc head; 86. a return spring; 9. a pushing seat; 90. a second servo motor; 91. a transmission; 92. a rotating rod; 93. a cam; 94. an intermediate station; 95. a contact slider; 96. pushing the material column; 97. a post hole; 98. a thrust spring; 99. a suction cylinder; 10. a soil compactor; 11. a soil compactor body; 12. a waist-shaped groove; 13. a connecting seat; 14. a support rod; 15. a flat pressing seat; 16. a feed inlet; 17. spacing gaps; 18. a partition plate; 19. a hose; 20. a suction fan; 21. a hopper; 22. a blanking hole; 30. a feed chain structure; 31. a drive sprocket; 32. a driven sprocket; 33. a chain; 34. discharging tooling; 35. seedling plants; 36. a striker plate; 37. a raking hook; 40. positioning a shaft; 41. a third bearing seat; 42. a reduction gear; 43. a drive gear; 44. a third servo motor; 50. a fourth bearing housing; 51. a feed inlet; 52. and a second bearing seat.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1-12, this embodiment provides an intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery, including device main part 1, spacing movable groove 2 has been seted up to the inside equidistance of device main part 1, plays spacing movable's effect, installs earth boring mechanism 7 in every group spacing movable groove 2, and the top of device main part 1 is provided with support 3, and earth boring mechanism 7's top is fixed in support 3, plays the effect of connecting support.

Specifically, the pit digging mechanism 7 includes a fixed seat 70, a swing link 71, a slide seat 72, a chute 73 and a crank 74, as shown in fig. 4.

In this embodiment, the fixing base 70 is located on the bracket 3, the swing rod 71 is rotatably disposed on the fixing base 70, one end of the movement range of the swing rod 71 is located under the fixing base 70 (i.e. the lowest point of movement is located under the fixing base 70 in consideration of actual working requirements), the sliding seat 72 is internally provided with the sliding groove 73, the sliding groove 73 is hooped at the middle part of the swing rod 71, the two are engaged with each other to perform relative movement, the end part of the sliding seat 72 is hinged with the crank 74, and the crank 74 performs circular movement.

Further, the pit digging mechanism 7 further includes a rotation shaft 75, a first bearing housing 76, a large gear 77, and a link 78, as shown in fig. 4.

In this embodiment, a rotating shaft 75 is horizontally connected to the center of the crank 74, one end of the rotating shaft 75 is fixed to the device body 1 through a first bearing seat 76, so as to perform a supporting and fixing function, a large gear 77 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 75, and a connecting rod 78 is fixed to the lower end of the swing rod 71.

Wherein, one side of every group gear wheel 77 all meshes and is provided with pinion 4, and every group pinion 4 all cup joints on the connecting axle 5, and the one end of connecting axle 5 is connected with the first servo motor 6 fixed with device main part 1, and the other end of connecting axle 5 is fixed through the inner wall of second bearing frame 52 and device main part 1, plays the fixed effect of support.

Further, the lower end of the link 78 is riveted with a pit digger 8, as shown in fig. 5.

Specifically, the pit digger 8 includes a spring steel blade 81, an inner step 82, a guide groove 83, a tapered slider 84, a circular arc head 85, and a return spring 86, as shown in fig. 6.

In this embodiment, the two groups of spring steel blades 81 are symmetrically arranged, and the two groups of spring steel blades 81 are buckled together, after being deformed under force, the spring steel blades 81 have resetting capability, the back area of the spring steel blades 81 is thicker, the spring steel blades have extrusion effect on soil layers, the end parts of the two groups of spring steel blades 81 are riveted on the connecting rod 78, and the inner sides of the two groups of spring steel blades 81 are provided with inner steps 82.

In this embodiment, the inner surface of the inner step 82 is provided with the guide groove 83, the tapered slider 84 is movably disposed between the two sets of guide grooves 83, the sliding force between the guide groove 83 and the tapered slider 84 is strong, the resistance is small, the tapered slider 84 gradually thickens from top to bottom, the lower end of the tapered slider 84 is provided with the arc head 85, the arc head 85 plays a bearing role, and the extrusion force of the soil layer can be converted into the linear motion process of the tapered slider 84.

In this embodiment, the upper end of the conical slider 84 is sleeved with a return spring 86, one end of the return spring 86 is fixed on the conical slider 84, the other end of the return spring 86 is fixed at the bottom of the connecting rod 78, and the return spring 86 plays a return role on the conical slider 84.

Further, the bottom of the device main body 1 is riveted with a plurality of groups of soil compactors 10 corresponding to the pit digging mechanisms 7 at equal intervals, the soil compactors 10 are positioned at the horizontal rear side of the corresponding pit digging mechanisms 7 (the connecting rod 78 on the pit digging mechanisms 7 and the pit digger 8 are ensured not to collide with the soil compactors 10 in the moving process), the distance between the two is determined according to the actual moving speed of the agricultural machinery, and the two processes of pit digging and seedling laying can be accurately connected, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.

Specifically, the soil compactor 10 includes a soil compactor body 11, and the soil compactor body 11 is made of a solid steel material, and functions like a soil compactor, as shown in fig. 7.

The two outer sides of the soil pressing device main body 11 are provided with a waist-shaped groove 12, a supporting rod 14 is movably arranged in the waist-shaped groove 12, the supporting rod 14 can move up and down in the waist-shaped groove 12, the supporting rod 14 is fixed on the connecting seats 13, the upper ends of the two groups of connecting seats 13 are riveted on the lower end face of the device main body 1 through connecting sheets, and the connecting and fixing functions are achieved, as shown in fig. 7.

Wherein, two sets of flat pressing seats 15 are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the soil compactor main body 11, as shown in fig. 7 and 8.

Specifically, the front end part of the area between the two groups of flat pressing seats 15 is provided with a feed inlet 16, the seedling plants 35 (with the heads upward and the roots downward) are supplied to fall into the groove pits in a straight line, the rear end part of the area between the two groups of flat pressing seats 15 is provided with a limit gap 17, and the branch positions of the seedling plants 35 are supplied to enter, as shown in fig. 7.

Further, a pushing seat 9 is provided on the top of the soil compactor main body 11, as shown in fig. 7 and 8.

Specifically, the pusher 9 includes a second servo motor 90, a transmission 91, a rotating lever 92, a cam 93, an intermediate stage 94, and a contact slider 95, as shown in fig. 9.

In this embodiment, the second servo motor 90 is horizontally installed on the inner side of the pushing seat 9 (the second servo motor 90 intermittently works), the second servo motor 90 is connected with a rotating rod 92 through a transmission 91, one end of the rotating rod 92, which is far away from the transmission 91, is fixed by utilizing the fourth bearing seat 50 and the inner wall of the pushing seat 9, the purpose of connection and fixation is achieved, a cam 93 is sleeved on the rotating rod 92, the cam 93 performs circular motion, a contact slide block 95 is attached to the lower end of the cam 93, the contact friction force between the cam 93 and the contact slide block 95 is small, and the contact slide block 95 is installed on the upper end of the middle table 94.

Further, the pushing base 9 further includes a pushing post 96, a post hole 97, a pushing spring 98, and a suction cylinder 99, as shown in fig. 9.

In this embodiment, a pushing post 96 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the middle stage 94, the pushing post 96 passes through a post hole 97 on the partition plate 18 downwards, the post hole 97 plays a role of limiting movement, the partition plate 18 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the pushing seat 9, a pushing spring 98 is fixedly arranged between the partition plate 18 and the middle stage 94, the pushing spring 98 is used for keeping the contact acting force between the cam 93 and the contact sliding block 95, the pushing spring 98 is sleeved on the outer side of the pushing post 96, and the lower end of the pushing post 96 stretches into the soil pressing device main body 11 to be provided with a material sucking cylinder 99.

In this embodiment, a trough is provided in the middle downward position of the suction barrel 99, the trough is covered on the head blade position of the seedling 35, a hose 19 is provided on one side of the upper end of the suction barrel 99 and in communication with the trough, the hose 19 is made of corrugated pipe material and can be stretched or contracted, the suction fan 20 is installed at the other end of the hose 19 along with the up-down movement of the suction barrel 99, and the suction fan 20 is fixed at the bottom of the partition 18.

Further, a feeding chain structure 30 is disposed at a rear position inside the soil compacting body 11, a feed port 51 is provided at a rear end face of the soil compacting body 11, and all seedlings 35 are sequentially placed in the discharging tool 34 (in cooperation with the circulating motion of the feeding chain structure 30) at the feed port 51, as shown in fig. 8.

Specifically, the feed chain structure 30 includes a driving sprocket 31, a driven sprocket 32, a chain 33, and a discharging tool 34, as shown in fig. 10.

In this embodiment, the driving sprocket 31 and the driven sprocket 32 are horizontally connected through the chain 33, the middle positions of the bottoms of the driving sprocket 31 and the driven sprocket 32 are respectively provided with a positioning shaft 40, the positioning shafts 40 are fixed through the third bearing seat 41 and the inside of the soil pressing device main body 11, the outer side surfaces of the chain 33 are uniformly provided with a plurality of groups of discharging tools 34, the inner sides of the discharging tools 34 are fixed through the chain connecting frame and the outer side surfaces of the chain 33, seedling plants 35 (free placement and no clamping binding force) are vertically placed in each group of discharging tools 34, and the lower half parts of the seedling plants 35 are positioned in the discharging tools 34.

The positioning shaft 40 at the lower end of the driving sprocket 31 is sleeved with a reduction gear 42, one side of the reduction gear 42 is meshed with a driving gear 43, the driving gear 43 is sleeved on an output shaft of a third servo motor 44, the third servo motor 44 is vertically installed inside the soil pressing device main body 11, the third servo motor 44 also works intermittently, the same number of turns are rotated each time, and the chain 33 is ensured to stop after driving the discharging tool 34 to move the same distance each time, as shown in fig. 11.

Further, a hopper 21 is disposed below the front end of the feed chain structure 30, an initial movement position of the suction cylinder 99 is located above the hopper 21, and is close to the inside of the hopper 21, so as to be convenient for sucking close to the seedlings 35, and a blanking hole 22 through which the suction cylinder 99 passes downwards is formed in the bottom of the hopper 21, as shown in fig. 10-12.

Further, a baffle plate 36 is arranged above the front end position of the feed chain structure 30 (the position of the baffle plate 36 is located in a section of area rather than an end point position in the intermittent motion process of the discharging tool 34), the baffle plate 36 plays a role in supporting and fixing, the baffle plate 36 is obliquely arranged towards the position of the suction cylinder 99 (the seedling 35 can conveniently fall down towards the hopper 21), the upper end of the baffle plate 36 is fixed with the partition plate 18, a plurality of groups of rake hooks 37 acting on the heads of the seedling 35 are arranged at the bottom of the baffle plate 36, and the rake hooks 37 are free of sharp teeth, as shown in fig. 10 and 12.

Further, the device main body 1 is positioned on an agricultural machine with a driving mechanism and is adapted to agricultural machines with different types and power sources.

In use, the device body 1 moves forward slowly along with the agricultural machinery, intermittently starts the first servo motor 6 to drive the connecting shaft 5 to rotate, and drives the plurality of groups of pinion gears 4 on the connecting shaft 5 to rotate along with the rotation of the large gears 77 of each group of pit digging mechanisms 7, so that the crank 74 on the same rotating shaft 75 rotates one circle, the crank 74 acts on the sliding seat 72 in the process of rotating one circle, the sliding seat 72 and the swing rod 71 are caused to move relatively (namely the swing rod 71 moves in the sliding groove 73), so that the swing rod 71 at the originally high position moves downwards in an arc until the swing rod 71 moves to the vertically downward state as an end point, (the lower end part of the swing rod 71 has two end points in the reciprocating swing motion, the end points are the end points where the lower end parts of the swing rod 71 are in the vertically downward state), then the swing rod 71 moves back to the original position and then stops, when the swing rod 71 moves downwards in an arc way, the pit digger 8 is inserted into the ground from a position above the ground by utilizing two groups of spring steel blades 81, a crack is formed, the pit digger advances downwards, when the arc head 85 at the lowest end of the tapered slide block 84 contacts a ground soil layer, the tapered slide block 84 is caused to move upwards in the area between the two groups of guide grooves 83, the volume of the tapered slide block 84 entering the area is increased, the tapered slide block 84 slowly expands the two groups of spring steel blades 81, the gap of the crack expands to two sides under the extrusion of the back surfaces of the spring steel blades 81, a groove pit space enough for placing seedlings 35 is formed, after the pit digger is finished, the soil compactor 10 moves to the groove pit position just along with the forward movement of the agricultural machinery, at the moment, one group of discharging tools 34 on the feed chain structure 30 moves to the front position just passing under the baffle plate 36, the seedling 35 in the discharging tooling 34 touches the raking hooks 37, the blades at the head of the seedling 35 are hooked by a plurality of groups of raking hooks 37, the seedling 35 is moved out of the discharging tooling 34 (the discharging tooling 34 continues to move, and the seedling 35 is blocked to separate the seedling 35 from the raking hooks), then the seedling 35 falls into the hopper 21 and moves towards the middle discharging hole 22, at the moment, the suction fan 20 is started to generate suction force to act on the trough area of the suction barrel 99, the head blades of the seedling 35 are clustered into the trough by suction force (the head of the seedling 35 faces upwards, the blades are more and lighter in weight and are easy to be preferentially attracted), at the moment, the second servo motor 90 is started immediately, the rotating rod 92 is driven to rotate for one circle after the speed is reduced by the speed changer 91, the cam 93 on the rotating rod 92 is caused to move for one circle, the protruding part of the cam 93 is extruded with the contact sliding block 95, the middle stage 94 and the pushing column 96 at the lower end are caused to move downwards, the suction barrel 99 carries the seedling plants 35 to pass through the blanking holes 22 to move downwards until the lower barrel opening of the suction barrel 99 moves to the position of the feeding hole 16, at the moment, the suction fan 20 is turned off, the seedling plants 35 just freely fall into the groove pits from the feeding hole 16, the roots are downwards and accurately located (at the moment, the suction barrel 99 is returned to the position above the hopper 21), the soil pressing device 10 moves forwards continuously, therefore, the middle branch positions (above soil layers) of the seedling plants 35 directly enter the limiting gaps 17 to prevent the seedling plants from lodging, the two groups of flat pressing seats 15 are utilized to compact the loose soil on two sides of the seedling plants 35 (the soil pressing device main body 11 has enough gravity pressure), the groove pits are filled, and accordingly planting is completed, and the steps above the circulation are realized, so that continuous automatic intelligent planting is realized.

It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery, which comprises a device main body (1), and is characterized in that: limiting movable grooves (2) are formed in the device main body (1) at equal intervals, pit digging mechanisms (7) are arranged in each group of limiting movable grooves (2), a support (3) is arranged at the top of the device main body (1), the tops of the pit digging mechanisms (7) are fixed in the support (3), a plurality of groups of soil pressing devices (10) corresponding to the pit digging mechanisms (7) are riveted at equal intervals at the bottom of the device main body (1), and the soil pressing devices (10) are positioned at the horizontal rear sides of the corresponding pit digging mechanisms (7);

The soil pressing device comprises a soil pressing device body (10), wherein the soil pressing device body (11) is made of solid steel materials, waist-shaped grooves (12) are formed in two outer side surfaces of the soil pressing device body (11), supporting rods (14) are movably arranged in the waist-shaped grooves (12), the supporting rods (14) are fixed on connecting seats (13), the upper ends of the two groups of connecting seats (13) are riveted on the lower end surface of a device body (1) through connecting sheets, and two groups of flat pressing seats (15) are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the soil pressing device body (11);

The front end part of the area between the two groups of flat pressing seats (15) is provided with a feeding hole (16), the rear end part of the area between the two groups of flat pressing seats (15) is provided with a limiting gap (17), the top of the soil pressing device main body (11) is provided with a pushing seat (9), and the rear position inside the soil pressing device main body (11) is provided with a feeding chain structure (30);

The pushing seat (9) comprises a second servo motor (90), a transmission (91), a rotating rod (92), a cam (93), a middle table (94) and a contact sliding block (95), wherein the second servo motor (90) is horizontally arranged on the inner side of the pushing seat (9), the second servo motor (90) is connected with the rotating rod (92) through the transmission (91), the cam (93) is sleeved on the rotating rod (92), the contact sliding block (95) is arranged at the lower end of the cam (93) in a fitting mode, and the contact sliding block (95) is arranged at the upper end of the middle table (94);

The pushing seat (9) further comprises a pushing column (96), a column hole (97), a pushing spring (98) and a suction barrel (99), the lower end of the middle table (94) is fixedly provided with the pushing column (96), the pushing column (96) downwards passes through the column hole (97) on the partition plate (18), the partition plate (18) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the pushing seat (9), the pushing spring (98) is fixedly arranged between the partition plate (18) and the middle table (94), the pushing spring (98) is sleeved outside the pushing column (96), the lower end of the pushing column (96) stretches into the soil pressing device main body (11) and is provided with the suction barrel (99), the middle of the suction barrel (99) is downwards provided with a trough, the trough is covered at the head blade position of the seedling plant (35), one side of the upper end of the suction barrel (99) is communicated with the trough and is provided with a hose (19), the other end of the hose (19) is provided with a suction fan (20), and the suction fan (20) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the partition plate (18).

The feeding chain structure (30) comprises a driving sprocket (31), a driven sprocket (32), a chain (33) and a discharging tool (34), wherein the driving sprocket (31) and the driven sprocket (32) are horizontally connected through the chain (33), positioning shafts (40) are arranged at the middle positions of the bottoms of the driving sprocket (31) and the driven sprocket (32), the positioning shafts (40) are fixed through the third bearing seat (41) and the inside of the soil pressing device main body (11), a plurality of groups of discharging tools (34) are uniformly arranged on the outer side face of the chain (33), and seedling plants (35) are vertically arranged in each group of discharging tools (34).

2. The intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the pit digging mechanism (7) comprises a fixing seat (70), a swinging rod (71), a sliding seat (72), a sliding groove (73) and a crank (74), wherein the fixing seat (70) is located on a support (3), the swinging rod (71) is rotationally arranged on the fixing seat (70), one end of the swinging rod (71) in the movement range is located under the fixing seat (70), the sliding groove (73) is formed in the sliding seat (72), the sliding groove (73) is hooped at the middle part of the swinging rod (71), the sliding groove (73) and the sliding groove are matched with the swinging rod, and the crank (74) is hinged to the end part of the sliding seat (72).

3. The intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery according to claim 2, wherein: the pit digging mechanism (7) further comprises a rotating shaft (75), a first bearing seat (76), a large gear (77) and a connecting rod (78), the center position of the crank (74) is horizontally connected with the rotating shaft (75), one end of the rotating shaft (75) is fixed with the device main body (1) through the first bearing seat (76), the large gear (77) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (75), the connecting rod (78) is fixed at the lower end of the swing rod (71), and the pit digger (8) is riveted at the lower end of the connecting rod (78).

4. An intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery according to claim 3, wherein: one side of each group of large gears (77) is provided with a small gear (4) in a meshed mode, each group of small gears (4) are sleeved on a connecting shaft (5), one end of the connecting shaft (5) is connected with a first servo motor (6) fixed with the device main body (1), and the other end of the connecting shaft (5) is fixed with the inner wall of the device main body (1) through a second bearing seat (52).

5. The intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery according to claim 4, wherein: the utility model provides a hole digger (8) include spring steel blade (81), interior step (82), guide way (83), taper slider (84), circular arc head (85) and reset spring (86), spring steel blade (81) are equipped with two sets of and symmetric distribution altogether to both lock are pressed close to, two sets of tip riveting of spring steel blade (81) is on connecting rod (78), two sets of the medial surface of spring steel blade (81) all is provided with interior step (82), guide way (83) have been seted up to interior step (82) internal surface, two sets of the activity is provided with taper slider (84) between guide way (83), taper slider (84) from the top down becomes thick gradually, the lower extreme of taper slider (84) is provided with circular arc head (85), reset spring (86) have been cup jointed to the upper end of taper slider (84), the one end of reset spring (86) is fixed on taper slider (84), the bottom at connecting rod (78) is fixed to the other end of reset spring (86).

6. The intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery according to claim 5, wherein: the feeding chain structure is characterized in that a hopper (21) is arranged below the front end position of the feeding chain structure (30), a discharging hole (22) for a suction barrel (99) to downwards pass through is formed in the bottom of the hopper (21), a baffle plate (36) is arranged above the front end position of the feeding chain structure (30), and a plurality of groups of raking hooks (37) are arranged at the bottom of the baffle plate (36).

7. An intelligent planting method for agricultural machinery, which adopts the intelligent planting device for agricultural machinery as claimed in claim 6, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

S1: intermittently starting a first servo motor (6) to drive a connecting shaft (5) to rotate, driving a plurality of groups of pinions (4) on the connecting shaft (5) to rotate, respectively driving large gears (77) of each group of pit digging mechanisms (7) to rotate for one circle, enabling a crank (74) on the same rotating shaft (75) to rotate for one circle, enabling the crank to act on a sliding seat (72), causing the sliding seat (72) and a swinging rod (71) to perform relative movement, enabling the swinging rod (71) which is originally in a high position to move downwards in an arc manner until the swinging rod (71) moves to a vertically downward state as an end point, and then enabling the swinging rod (71) to move back to the original position and then stopping;

S2: when the swing rod (71) moves downwards in an arc way, the pit digger (8) is inserted into the ground from a position above the ground by utilizing two groups of spring steel blades (81) to scratch a crack, when the arc head (85) at the lowest end of the conical sliding block (84) contacts a ground soil layer, the conical sliding block (84) is caused to move upwards in an area between the two groups of guide grooves (83), the conical sliding block (84) slowly expands the two groups of spring steel blades (81), so that gaps of the crack expand to two sides under the extrusion of the back surfaces of the spring steel blades (81) to form a groove pit space enough for placing seedlings (35), and the pit digging action is ended;

S3: after the pit is dug, the soil pressing device (10) just moves to the pit position along with the forward movement of the agricultural machinery, at the moment, a group of discharging tools (34) on the feed chain structure (30) moves to a front position, when the seedlings (35) in the discharging tools (34) just pass under the baffle plate (36) touch the harrow hooks (37), blades at the heads of the seedlings (35) are hooked by the harrow hooks (37), the seedlings are moved out from the discharging tools (34), the seedlings (35) fall into the hopper (21) and move towards the middle discharging holes (22);

s4: immediately starting a suction fan (20), generating suction force to act on a trough area of a suction barrel (99), and bundling head blades of seedling plants (35) into the trough through the suction force;

S5: immediately starting a second servo motor (90), driving a rotating rod (92) to rotate for one circle after the speed is reduced by a speed changer (91), causing a cam (93) on the rotating rod (92) to circularly move for one circle, extruding a convex part of the cam (93) and a contact sliding block (95) to cause a middle table (94) and a pushing column (96) at the lower end to downwards move, and enabling a suction barrel (99) to carry a seedling (35) to continuously downwards move through a blanking hole (22) until a lower barrel opening of the suction barrel (99) moves to a position of a feeding hole (16), closing a suction fan (20), and enabling the seedling (35) to just freely fall into a groove pit from the feeding hole (16) to accurately fall in position;

s6: the soil pressing device (10) continuously moves forwards, so that the middle branch position of the seedling (35) directly enters the limiting gap (17), and two groups of flat pressing seats (15) are utilized to loosen and compact the soil at two sides of the seedling (35), fill up the groove pits and finish planting at a single pit position.