CN117999747A

CN117999747A - Ephemeris augmentation for non-terrestrial networks

Info

Publication number: CN117999747A
Application number: CN202280064357.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: L·马; X·F·王; A·森古普塔; B·什雷斯塔; U·蒲亚尔; P·加尔; A·里科阿尔瓦里尼奥; C·朴
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2021-09-29
Filing date: 2022-09-22
Publication date: 2024-05-07

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for enhancing ephemeris for non-terrestrial networks. For example, UEs with different orbit propagation capabilities (e.g., calculating orbit propagation models of different levels of accuracy) may receive additional ephemeris parameters. In one aspect, a network entity may determine at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters including ephemeris parameters different from one or more of the basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with satellites providing coverage for the network entity. The network entity may transmit broadcast signaling indicating the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters. The UE may receive and use the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters in an orbit propagation model to calculate a state of motion of the satellite.

Description

Ephemeris augmentation for non-terrestrial networks

Cross Reference to Related Applications

The present application claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/657,906, filed 4 at 2022, which claims the benefit and priority from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 63/250,081, filed 29 at 2021, 9, which are assigned to the assignee of the present application and are hereby expressly incorporated by reference as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes.

Background

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for ephemeris enhancement for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcast, or other similar types of services. These wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access techniques capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or other resources) with the users. The multiple access technique may rely on any of code division, time division, frequency division, orthogonal frequency division, single carrier frequency division, or time division synchronous code division, to name a few examples. These and other multiple access techniques have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels.

Despite the tremendous technological advances made over the years in wireless communication systems, challenges remain. For example, complex and dynamic environments may still attenuate or block signals between the wireless transmitter and the wireless receiver, disrupting the various wireless channel measurement and reporting mechanisms established for managing and optimizing the use of limited wireless channel resources. Accordingly, there is a need for further improvements in wireless communication systems to overcome various challenges.

Disclosure of Invention

One aspect provides a method of wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE). The method generally includes determining that a UE is or will be in an out-of-coverage state with respect to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) for a first duration, and entering a power saving state in response to the determination. The method also includes exiting the power saving state and taking one or more actions to resume communication with the NTN when the UE is expected to be in an in-coverage state with respect to the NTN.

One aspect provides a method of wireless communication by a network entity. The method generally includes determining that the UE is or will be in an out-of-coverage state with respect to the NTN for a first duration, and refraining from communicating with the UE during the first duration in response to the determination. The method also includes taking one or more actions to resume communication between the NTN and the UE.

One aspect provides an apparatus for wireless communication by a UE. The UE comprises: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory. The memory and the processor are configured to: receiving, from a network entity, one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with satellites that provide coverage for the network entity; receiving at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters associated with the satellite, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising different ephemeris parameters than the one or more base sets of ephemeris parameters; and calculating a state of motion of the satellite using the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

One aspect provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a UE, cause the UE to: receiving, from a network entity, one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with satellites that provide coverage for the network entity; receiving at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters associated with the satellite, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising different ephemeris parameters than the one or more base sets of ephemeris parameters; and calculating a state of motion of the satellite using the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform the foregoing methods and those described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods and those described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the foregoing methods and those described elsewhere herein; and an apparatus comprising means for performing the foregoing methods, as well as those methods described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or a processing system cooperating over one or more networks.

For purposes of illustration, the following description and the annexed drawings set forth certain features.

Drawings

The drawings depict certain features of the aspects described herein and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary wireless communication network.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating aspects of an exemplary base station and user equipment.

Fig. 3A-3D depict various exemplary aspects of a data structure for a wireless communication network.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless communication network with non-terrestrial network entities.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of discontinuous coverage of a non-terrestrial network.

Fig. 6 is a call flow diagram illustrating exemplary signaling for ephemeris enhancement for non-terrestrial networks in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a call flow diagram illustrating exemplary signaling for ephemeris enhancement for non-terrestrial networks in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication by a user equipment to resume communication with a non-terrestrial network.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication by a network entity.

Fig. 10 depicts aspects of an exemplary communication device.

Fig. 11 depicts aspects of an exemplary communication device.

Detailed Description

Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and non-transitory computer-readable media for ephemeris enhancement for non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

NTN generally refers to a network that uses entities, such as satellites in various orbits, to provide network coverage for User Equipment (UE). Thus, NTN may help provide coverage in remote areas. Unfortunately, because NTN entities are constantly moving, there is a coverage gap (e.g., an area at some time) in which UEs may not be able to communicate with NTN entities (e.g., because they are out of coverage or range).

To avoid such coverage gaps, the UE may calculate the location of the NTN entity using an ephemeris that, in some aspects, includes a data table or set of data for providing trajectory, location, and speed information of the NTN entity. In addition, the UE may use the location and/or speed information of the NTN entity to perform timing and/or frequency pre-compensation for uplink transmissions to the NTN entity. Ideally, ephemeris provides an accurate orbit model of the satellite and enables the correct prediction of any future position of the satellite. However, it would be computationally expensive to implement such an ideal orbit model and not practical for ordinary use. Thus, different approximations and assumptions are used to simplify the orbit model at the expense of accuracy. The present disclosure provides various aspects of ephemeris enhancement that allow a UE to achieve improved accuracy in various practical scenarios.

For example, the classical kepler model assumes a perfectly symmetrical gravitational model by assuming that the earth is a perfectly symmetrical sphere and assuming that there is no disturbance (e.g., deviation from an ideal route due to the attraction of another entity). The kepler model uses six parameters, including: the semimajor axis αm, eccentricity e, perigee argument ωrad, ascending intersection longitude Ω rad, inclination i rad, and average anomaly M rad at epoch time t _o.

To correct for the simplistic assumption in the kepler model (or other common model), other complex orbit propagation models will take into account disturbances due to various factors, including earth's flatness (e.g., mass distribution is not perfectly spherical, resulting in varying gravitational coefficients), aerodynamic drag (e.g., at low orbits where lean air needs to be considered), solar radiation (e.g., pressure), and other gravitation (e.g., at least taking into account sun or moon), etc. The present disclosure enables the UE to apply complex orbit propagation models that take these factors into account, thereby increasing overall prediction accuracy. Thus, UEs employing such complex models may accurately predict satellite positions over a longer duration (e.g., error accumulation is slower than less complex models). Thus, the UE may benefit from reducing the number of System Information Block (SIB) reads and saving power.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and methods for transmitting broadcast signaling indicating ephemeris parameters that serve UEs with orbit propagation models of varying degrees of complexity. Some UEs, such as those with hardwired wireless power supplies, may not require complex models because they may rely on frequent communications to correct modeling errors, while some UEs may employ more complex orbit propagation models to obtain associated benefits (including power savings). The disclosed signaling mechanism allows some UEs to receive additional ephemeris parameters when implementing a complex orbit propagation model. In some cases, the signaling mechanism allows a particular UE to request additional ephemeris parameters when implementing a complex orbit propagation model.

Wireless communication network introduction

Fig. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communication system 100 in which aspects described herein may be implemented.

In general, the wireless communication network 100 includes a Base Station (BS) 102, a User Equipment (UE) 104, one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and a 5G core (5 GC) network 190, that interoperate to provide wireless communication services.

The base station 102 may provide an access point for the user equipment 104 to the EPC 160 and/or 5gc 190 and may perform one or more of the following functions: user data delivery, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio Access Network (RAN) sharing, multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN Information Management (RIM), paging, positioning, delivery of warning messages, and other functions. In various contexts, a base station may include and/or be referred to as a gNB, nodeB, eNB, ng-eNB (e.g., an eNB that has been enhanced to provide connectivity to both EPC 160 and 5gc 190), an access point, a transceiver base station, a radio transceiver or transceiver functional unit, or a transmit receive point.

The base station 102 communicates wirelessly with the UE 104 via a communication link 120. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110, which may overlap in some cases. For example, a small cell 102 '(e.g., a low power base station) may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro cells (e.g., high power base stations).

The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include Uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmissions from the user equipment 104 to the base station 102 and/or Downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmissions from the base station 102 to the user equipment 104. In aspects, communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity.

Examples of UEs 104 include cellular telephones, smart phones, session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players, cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors/actuators, displays, or other similar devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be internet of things (IoT) devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, ovens, vehicles, heart monitors, or other IoT devices), always-on (AON) devices, or edge processing devices. The UE 104 may also be more generally referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, or client.

Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and shorter distances than lower frequency communications. Thus, some base stations (e.g., 180 in fig. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to improve path loss and distance. For example, the base station 180 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and/or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming.

In some cases, the base station 180 may transmit the beamformed signals to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signals from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182 ". The UE 104 may also transmit the beamformed signals to the base station 180 in one or more transmit directions 182 ". The base station 180 may also receive beamformed signals from the UEs 104 in one or more receive directions 182'. The base station 180 and the UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 180 and the UE 104. It is noted that the transmitting direction and the receiving direction of the base station 180 may be the same or different. Similarly, the transmit direction and the receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or different.

The wireless communication network 100 includes an ephemeris enhancement component 199, which may be configured to resume communication between the user equipment and the non-terrestrial network, as further described herein. The wireless network 100 also includes an ephemeris enhancement component 198 that can be utilized to resume communication with a non-terrestrial network, as further described herein.

Fig. 2 depicts aspects of an exemplary Base Station (BS) 102 and User Equipment (UE) 104.

In general, base station 102 includes various processors (e.g., 220, 230, 238, and 240), antennas 234a through 234t (collectively 234), transceivers 232a through 232t (collectively 232) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 212) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 239). For example, the base station 102 may send and receive data between itself and the user equipment 104.

The base station 102 includes a controller/processor 240 that may be configured to implement various functions related to wireless communications. In the depicted example, the controller/processor 240 includes an ephemeris enhancement component 241, which may represent the ephemeris enhancement component 199 of fig. 1. Notably, while depicted as an aspect of the controller/processor 240, in other implementations the ephemeris enhancement component 241 may additionally or alternatively be implemented in various other aspects of the base station 102.

In general, the user equipment 104 includes various processors (e.g., 258, 264, 266, and 280), antennas 252a through 252r (collectively 252), transceivers 254a through 254r (collectively 254) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 262) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 260).

The user equipment 104 includes a controller/processor 280 that may be configured to implement various functions related to wireless communications. In the depicted example, controller/processor 280 includes an ephemeris enhancement component 281, which may represent ephemeris enhancement component 198 of fig. 1. Notably, while depicted as an aspect of the controller/processor 280, in other implementations the ephemeris enhancement component 281 may additionally or alternatively be implemented in various other aspects of the user equipment 104.

Fig. 3A-3D depict aspects of a data structure for a wireless communication network, such as wireless communication network 100 of fig. 1. Specifically, fig. 3A is a diagram 300 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, fig. 3B is a diagram 330 illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G subframe, fig. 3C is a diagram 350 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and fig. 3D is a diagram 380 illustrating an example of a UL channel within a 5G subframe.

Further discussion regarding fig. 1,2, and 3A-3D is provided later in this disclosure.

Exemplary non-terrestrial network and ephemeris

Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a wireless communication network 400 including a non-terrestrial network (NTN) entity 140 (which may be generally referred to as NTN 140) in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced. In some examples, wireless communication network 400 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication network 400 may include the BS102, the UE 104, and the non-terrestrial network entity 140 (such as a satellite). In the case of a terrestrial network, BS102 can serve coverage area or cell 110a, and in the case of a non-terrestrial network (NTN), non-terrestrial network entity 140 can serve coverage area 110b. Some NTNs may employ an on-board platform (e.g., a drone, an aircraft, or a balloon) and/or a satellite-borne platform (e.g., a satellite).

As part of wireless communication in the NTN, non-terrestrial network entity 140 may communicate with BS102 and UE 104. In the case of a terrestrial network, the UE 104 may communicate with the BS102 via a communication link 414. In the case of NTN wireless communication, the non-terrestrial network entity 140 may be a serving cell for the UE 104 via the communication link 416. In certain aspects, non-terrestrial network entity 140 may act as a relay (or remote radio head) for BS102 and UE 104. For example, BS102 may communicate with non-terrestrial network entity 140 via communication link 418, and the non-terrestrial network entity may relay signaling between BS102 and UE 104 via communication links 416 and 418.

In some cases, for example, NTN may provide discontinuous radio coverage to UEs due to the orbits of NTN satellites. For example, some NTNs, such as Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems, may have one or more revisit times (which may also be referred to as response times or coverage gaps) in certain geographic areas. The revisit time may be the duration between successive observations (or coverage areas) of a given location of the NTN. As an example, satellite revisit time (or coverage gap) may be 10 minutes to 40 minutes, depending on the number of satellites deployed. During the revisit time, the wireless network (such as the core network) may not be able to reach the UE.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary NTN 500 with a revisit time 506 between two satellites 502a and 502 b. As shown, the UE 104 may be on the edge of the coverage area 110b of the second satellite 502 b. Revisit time 506 may provide a coverage gap between coverage areas 110a and 110b of satellites 502a and 502 b. As satellites 502a and 502b orbit generally in respective directions 504a and 504b, coverage areas 110a and 110b and revisit time 506 pass through UE 104 such that UE 104 may experience discontinuous coverage with respect to NTN 500. When a UE (e.g., UE 104) is in the coverage area of an NTN (e.g., coverage area 110a or 110 b), the UE may be considered to be in an in-coverage state with respect to the NTN, and when the UE is in a coverage gap (e.g., revisitation time 506), the UE may be considered to be in an out-of-coverage state with respect to the NTN for a particular duration (e.g., revisitation time).

The UE 104 may avoid attempting to communicate with the NTN 500 in the coverage gap by calculating the locations of the satellites 504a and 504 b. For example, the NTN 500 may broadcast service satellite ephemeris to allow the UE 104 to calculate the trajectories of satellites 504a and/or 504 b. Ephemeris may be in a variety of basic formats including PVT (position, velocity, and time) formats that provide satellite position and velocity state vectors (e.g., X, Y, Z coordinates and their first derivatives). The basic format may also be a kepler model using six parameters, including: the semimajor axis αm, eccentricity e, perigee argument ωrad, ascending intersection longitude Ω rad, inclination i rad, and average anomaly M rad at epoch time t _o. When the UE 104 is within coverage of a satellite, the UE 104 may use position and/or velocity information indicated by or derived from the ephemeris information to perform time and/or frequency precompensation for uplink transmissions towards the satellite (e.g., satellite 504 a).

In addition to these basic sets of ephemeris parameters, the NTN 500 may provide one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters to the UE 104 to account for other factors affecting the actual trajectories of the satellites 504a and 504b, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. For example, the one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters may comprise at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters. In some cases, the one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters may include a second set of ephemeris parameters or a plurality of sets of ephemeris parameters, depending on an orbit propagation model available at the UE. In some cases, the one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters may include band harmonics, sector harmonics, and field harmonics to characterize earth's flatness. The one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters may also include a drag coefficient, an air density measurement, and a cross-sectional area corresponding to a particular orientation of the satellite to characterize the aerodynamic force.

The one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters may also include a cross-sectional area of the satellite relative to the direction of radiation, a mass of the satellite, and an average barefoot of the sun (or radiation source) to characterize the light pressure of the solar radiation. The one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters may also include information of other important qualities (e.g., star, planet, satellite, comet) and corresponding distances to improve the accuracy of the orbit propagation model.

In aspects of the disclosure, the UE 104 may support different orbit propagation models of various degrees of complexity. In some cases, the UE 104 may support a long-term J2 model (with additional J2 parameters 1.08263E-3) that is valid for elliptical orbits. In some cases, the UE 104 may support the Eckstein-Hechler model for a near-circular orbit. The Eckstein-Hechler model may use the harmonic coefficients and the center gravity coefficients as additional sets of ephemeris parameters. In some cases, the UE 104 may support the Lyddane model for eccentricities below 0.9. The Lyddane model may also use harmonic coefficients. In some cases, the UE 104 may support Simplified General Perturbations (SGP), SGP4, and SGP8, which model an orbit period of less than 225 minutes. The UE 104 may support simplified deep space perturbations (SDP), SDP4, and SDP8, which model track periods of 225 minutes or longer.

Since the UE 104 may support various orbit propagation models and the NTN 500 may support two or more UEs, different sets of ephemeris parameters may be provided to the UEs. The ephemeris parameters may include a base set shared by two or more UEs, and one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters useful for a particular UE and corresponding to a particular orbit propagation model therein. The additional ephemeris parameter sets may enable the UE and/or the core network to determine the exact location of the NTN entity and behave accordingly for resource and power saving purposes. Thus, the present disclosure provides a signaling mechanism that enhances ephemeris parameter availability for UEs that can run a wide range of orbit propagation models.

Aspects related to ephemeris augmentation

Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for enhancing ephemeris for non-terrestrial networks. For example, UEs with different orbit propagation capabilities (e.g., calculating orbit propagation models of different levels of accuracy) may receive additional ephemeris parameters.

In one aspect, a network entity may determine at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters including ephemeris parameters different from one or more of the basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with satellites providing coverage for the network entity. The network entity may transmit broadcast signaling indicating the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters. The UE may receive and use the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters in an orbit propagation model to calculate a state of motion of the satellite.

Fig. 6 depicts an exemplary call flow diagram 600 for restoring communication of discontinuous coverage in an NTN. In the illustrated example, the NTN (e.g., a network entity of the NTN) may communicate wirelessly with the UE (e.g., via a Uu interface).

At 602, the NTN determines at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising ephemeris parameters different from one or more of the basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with the satellites providing coverage for the NTN.

As an example, the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters may include a kepler set or a position, velocity and time (PVT) set. The kepler set may include various track type parameters, including: the semimajor axis αm, eccentricity e, perigee argument ωrad, ascending intersection longitude Ω rad, inclination i rad, and average anomaly M rad at epoch time t _o. The PVT set may include explicit or implicit PVT type parameters. For example, the PVT set may include explicit location, velocity, and time values. In some cases, the speed may be implicit, such as by calculating a first derivative of the position parameter. For a basic set of ephemeris parameters, the NTN 140 may determine one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters for use with the corresponding basic set.

For example, when the base set is the kepler set, the additional set of ephemeris parameters (referred to herein as the superset) may include the first derivative of the parameters in the kepler set. The superset may also include parameters describing band harmonics, sector harmonics, and field harmonics. The superset may include parameters for calculating the cross-sectional area of aerodynamic drag, drag coefficient, and air density. The superset may include parameters for calculating solar radiation pressure, including cross-sectional area in the radiation direction, average solar right-hand warp at a reference time, and mass of the satellite (e.g., for further calculation of acceleration). The superset may include parameters for calculating the gravitational effect, such as updates or changes to satellite acceleration or a central gravitational coefficient μ according to f=μm/r ², where F is gravitational force, r is distance from the satellite to the earth center, and m is the mass of the satellite. When the base set is a PVT set, the superset may include a second derivative or higher derivative of position (e.g., the second derivative provides the acceleration parameter).

At 604, the UE receives broadcast signaling from the NTN indicating at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters. The at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters may be associated with a reference time. In one option, a common reference time may be used for all broadcast parameters. The common reference time may be an explicit reference time (e.g., a timestamp) or an implicit reference time (e.g., indicated by a first downlink frame boundary after a parameter transmission at the satellite). In another option, different parameters or different parameter sets may have corresponding and different reference times. In one aspect, the additional set of ephemeris parameters may be transmitted in a System Information (SI) message that is different from the SI message carrying the basic set of ephemeris parameters (or one or more basic sets). The SI update rate of the additional sets of ephemeris parameters may be slower than the SI message carrying one or more sets of ephemeris parameters.

At 606, the UE uses the additional set of ephemeris parameters in the orbit propagation model. For example, a harmonic coefficient or a center gravity coefficient may be used in the Eckstein-Hechler model. Different sets of ephemeris parameters may be applied to different orbit propagation models, such as Lyddane models, simplified general perturbations, simplified deep space perturbations, models that take into account aerodynamic drag due to certain low altitudes, or models that take into account radiation pressure.

At 608, the UE calculates a state of motion and/or an orbit trajectory of the satellite based on the orbit propagation model. For example, the motion state may include a position of the satellite, a relative position between the satellite and the UE, and/or a first derivative thereof (i.e., velocity or relative velocity). Based on the calculations, the UE may accurately predict when the UE will be within coverage of the NTN. At 610, while in coverage, the UE communicates with the NTN based on the location of the satellite.

In some cases, the UE may request additional ephemeris parameters. Fig. 7 is a call flow diagram illustrating another example for signaling ephemeris enhancements in response to a UE request.

As shown, at 701, the NTN may broadcast signaling of one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters to UEs in coverage. At 702, the NTN determines one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters. The additional ephemeris parameter sets may include measurement data such as perturbation, aerodynamic drag and radiation pressure that take into account the assumption that correction is too simplistic. At 704, the NTN indicates to the UE the availability of additional sets of ephemeris parameters. At 706, the UE transmits a request for additional sets of ephemeris parameters. The request may be based on some orbit propagation model in the UE. In response to the request, the NTN transmits an additional set of ephemeris parameters to the UE at 708.

In some cases, when the basic ephemeris parameter set comprises a PVT set, the additional ephemeris parameter set may be a kepler set (which may not be broadcast in the SIB or if broadcast, broadcast at a lower frequency than the PVT set). If the kepler set is broadcast in the SIB but at a lower frequency than the broadcast of the PVT set, a UE newly connected to the NTN may be forced to wait for a long time before receiving the kepler set without requesting the kepler set. Thus, the signaling mechanism enables the UE to receive the kepler set as an additional set of ephemeris parameters. In some cases, the additional set of ephemeris parameters may include first derivatives of parameters in the kepler set. Other aforementioned additional sets of ephemeris parameters may also be transmitted to the UE as needed.

In some cases, the request may include an indication of the requested parameter, a System Information (SI) message, a track propagation model, or a category of track propagation model. The request may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE). The NTN may signal the requested ephemeris parameters or SI message as explicitly requested by the UE. The NTN may also signal an ephemeris parameter or SI message corresponding to the orbit propagation model or class of orbit propagation model included in the request of the UE. In some cases, the signaling may indicate an associated explicit reference time (e.g., a timestamp) or implicit reference time (e.g., a first downlink frame boundary after the parameter transmission). The explicit or implicit reference time may be common to all requested parameters or may be different in a parameter or set of parameters. The signaling from the NTN to the UE may be in RRC or MAC CE.

At 710, the UE uses the received additional set of ephemeris parameters in an orbit propagation model. At 712, the UE calculates a state of motion and/or an orbit trajectory of the satellite based on the orbit propagation model. Based on the calculations, the UE may accurately predict when the UE will be within coverage of the NTN. At 714, while in coverage, the UE communicates with the NTN based on the location of the satellite.

Fig. 8 depicts an exemplary method 800 for ephemeris enhancement in NTN. The method 800 may be performed by a network entity, such as the NTN 140 of fig. 6-7.

The method 800 begins at step 802 by: at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is determined, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising ephemeris parameters different from one or more of the set of basic ephemeris parameters associated with the satellite providing coverage for the network entity.

At step 804, the network entity transmits broadcast signaling indicating at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

In some aspects, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is determined based on an orbit propagation model supported by a User Equipment (UE) to receive the broadcast signaling.

In some aspects, the one or more basic ephemeris parameter sets comprise a kepler ephemeris parameter set and the at least one additional ephemeris parameter set comprises at least one of: derivatives of at least one ephemeris parameter of the kepler ephemeris parameter set; parameters describing at least one of a band harmonic, a sector harmonic, or a field harmonic; parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag; parameters for calculating radiation pressure; or parameters for calculating the attraction force.

In some aspects, the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a position-velocity-time (PVT) set, and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: the second derivative of the parameter in the PVT set; or the third derivative of the parameter in the PVT set.

In some aspects, the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are used by two or more UEs, a first subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is used by one UE of the two or more UEs, and a second subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is used by another UE of the two or more UEs.

In some aspects, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are associated with a reference time.

In some aspects, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters share a common reference time.

In some aspects, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters have different reference times.

In some aspects, the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters are transmitted in a System Information (SI) message.

In some aspects, the method 800 further includes transmitting one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters in a subsequent SI message to update parameters of the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters or the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

In some aspects, the method 800 further includes indicating to a User Equipment (UE) availability of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters; receiving a request for the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters from the UE; and transmitting the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to the UE in response to the request.

In some aspects, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: when the base ephemeris parameters are position-velocity-time (PVT) parameters, the derivative of one of the kepler ephemeris parameters set; parameters describing at least one of a band harmonic, a sector harmonic, or a field harmonic; parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag; parameters for calculating radiation pressure; parameters for calculating attraction force; or a second derivative or higher derivative of the position parameter.

In some aspects, the request is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

In some aspects, the request from the UE includes at least one of: an indication of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters, a System Information (SI) message, an orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters, or a category of orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

In some aspects, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters or the SI message corresponds to the orbit propagation model or a class of the orbit propagation model.

In some aspects, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is transmitted to the UE via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) in response to the request.

Fig. 9 depicts an exemplary method 900 for ephemeris enhancement for a related NTN. Method 900 may be performed by a UE in addition to method 800.

The method 900 begins at step 902 by: one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with satellites providing coverage for a network entity are received from the network entity.

At 904, the UE may receive at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters associated with the satellite. The at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises ephemeris parameters different from the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters.

At 906, the UE calculates a motion state of the satellite using the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

In some aspects, the method 900 further includes using the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters in the orbit propagation model to determine at least one of: the position of the satellite; the velocity of the satellite; the relative position of the satellite with respect to the UE; or the relative velocity of the satellite with respect to the UE.

In some aspects, the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are adapted for use by another UE that uses a first subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to calculate the motion state of the satellite and the other UE uses a second subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

In some aspects, the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters are carried in a System Information (SI) message.

In some aspects, the method 900 further includes receiving one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters in a subsequent SI message to update parameters of the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters or the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

In some aspects, the method 900 further includes receiving availability of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters from the network entity; transmitting a request for the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to the network entity; and receiving the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters from the network entity in response to the request.

Exemplary Wireless communication device

Fig. 10 depicts an exemplary communication device 1000 that includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as the operations depicted and described with respect to fig. 8-9. In some examples, the communication device 1000 may be, for example, the user equipment 104 described with respect to fig. 1 and 2.

The communication device 1000 includes a processing system 1002 coupled to a transceiver 1008 (e.g., a transmitter and/or a receiver). The transceiver 1008 is configured to transmit (or send) and receive signals for the communication device 1000, such as the various signals described herein, via the antenna 1010. The processing system 1002 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 1000, including processing signals received by and/or to be transmitted by the communication device 1000.

The processing system 1002 includes one or more processors 1020 coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1030 via a bus 1006. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1030 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1020, cause the one or more processors 1020 to perform the operations shown in fig. 8-9 or other operations for performing various techniques discussed herein for enhancing ephemeris in an NTN.

In the depicted example, computer-readable medium/memory 1030 stores code 1031 for determining, code 1032 for receiving, code 1033 for indicating, and code 1034 for transmitting.

In the depicted example, the one or more processors 1020 include circuitry configured to implement code stored in the computer-readable medium/memory 1030, including circuitry 1021 for determining, circuitry 1022 for receiving, circuitry 1023 for indicating, and circuitry 1024 for transmitting.

The various components of the communication device 1000 may provide means for performing the methods described herein (including with respect to fig. 8-9).

In some examples, the means for transmitting or sending (or the means for outputting for transmission) may include the transceiver 254 and/or antenna 252 of the user equipment 104 shown in fig. 2 and/or the transceiver 1008 and antenna 1010 of the communication device 1000 in fig. 10.

In some examples, the means for receiving (or means for obtaining) may include the transceiver 254 and/or the antenna 252 of the user equipment 104 shown in fig. 2 and/or the transceiver 1008 and the antenna 1010 of the communication device 1000 in fig. 10.

In some examples, the means for indicating or determining at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and/or taking action may include various processing system components such as: one or more processors 1020 in fig. 10, or aspects of the user equipment 104 depicted in fig. 2, include a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, and/or a controller/processor 280 (including an ephemeris enhancement component 281).

It is noted that fig. 10 is an example, and that many other examples and configurations of communication device 1000 are possible.

Fig. 11 depicts an exemplary communication device 1100 that includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein, such as the operations depicted and described with respect to fig. 8-9. In some examples, the communication device 1100 may be, for example, the base station 102 or the non-terrestrial network entity 140 described with respect to fig. 1 and 2.

The communication device 1100 includes a processing system 1102 coupled to a transceiver 1108 (e.g., a transmitter and/or receiver). Transceiver 1108 is configured to transmit (or send) and receive signals for communication device 1100, such as the various signals described herein, via antenna 1110. The processing system 1102 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 1100, including processing signals received by and/or to be transmitted by the communication device 1100.

The processing system 1102 includes one or more processors 1120 coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1130 via a bus 1106. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium/memory 1130 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1120, cause the one or more processors 1120 to perform the operations shown in fig. 8-9 or other operations for performing various techniques for recovering communications between a UE and NTN discussed herein.

In the depicted example, computer-readable medium/memory 1130 stores code 1131 for receiving, code 1132 for computing, code 1133 for transmitting, and code 1134 for using.

In the depicted example, the one or more processors 1120 include circuitry configured to implement code stored in a computer-readable medium/memory 1130, including circuitry 1121 for receiving, circuitry 1122 for computing, circuitry 1123 for transmitting, and circuitry 1124 for using.

The various components of the communication device 1100 may provide means for performing the methods described herein (including with respect to fig. 8-9).

In some examples, the means for transmitting or sending (or the means for outputting for transmission) may include the transceiver 232 and/or the antenna 234 of the base station 102 shown in fig. 2 and/or the transceiver 1108 and the antenna 1110 of the communication device 1100 in fig. 11.

In some examples, the means for receiving (or means for obtaining) may include the transceiver 232 and/or the antenna 234 of the base station shown in fig. 2 and/or the transceiver 1108 and the antenna 1110 of the communication device 1100 in fig. 11.

In some examples, the means for computing and/or using may include various processing system components, such as: one or more processors 1120 in fig. 11, or aspects of base station 102 depicted in fig. 2, include a receive processor 238, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, and/or a controller/processor 240 (including an ephemeris enhancement component 241).

It is noted that fig. 11 is an example, and that many other examples and configurations of communication device 1100 are possible.

Exemplary clauses

Specific examples of implementations are described in the following numbered clauses:

clause 1: a method for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: determining at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising ephemeris parameters different from one or more of the set of basic ephemeris parameters associated with the satellite providing coverage for the network entity; and transmitting broadcast signaling indicating the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Clause 2: the method of clause 1, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is determined based on an orbit propagation model supported by a User Equipment (UE) to receive the broadcast signaling.

Clause 3: the method of clause 1 or 2, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a kepler set and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: derivatives of at least one ephemeris parameter of the kepler ephemeris parameter set; parameters describing at least one of a band harmonic, a sector harmonic, or a field harmonic; parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag; parameters for calculating radiation pressure; or parameters for calculating the attraction force.

Clause 4: the method of clause 1 or 2, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a position-velocity-time (PVT) set, and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: the second derivative of the parameter in the PVT set; or third derivatives of the parameter in the PVT set.

Clause 5: the method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are used by two or more UEs, and wherein a first subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is used by one UE of the two or more UEs and a second, different subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is used by another UE of the two or more UEs.

Clause 6: the method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are associated with a reference time.

Clause 7: the method of clause 6, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters share a common reference time.

Clause 8: the method of clause 6, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters have different reference times.

Clause 9: the method of clause 1, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters are transmitted in a System Information (SI) message, and the method further comprises: one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters are transmitted in a subsequent SI message to update parameters in the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters or the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Clause 10: the method of clause 1, further comprising: indicating to a User Equipment (UE) availability of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters; receiving a request for the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters from the UE; and transmitting the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to the UE in response to the request.

Clause 11: the method of clause 10, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: when the base ephemeris parameters are position-velocity-time (PVT) parameters, the derivative of one of the kepler ephemeris parameters set; parameters describing at least one of a band harmonic, a sector harmonic, or a field harmonic; parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag; parameters for calculating radiation pressure; parameters for calculating attraction force; or second or higher derivatives of the position parameter.

Clause 12: the method of clause 10, wherein the request is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

Clause 13: the method of clause 10, wherein the request from the UE comprises at least one of: an indication of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters, a System Information (SI) message, an orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters, or a category of orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Clause 14: the method of clause 13, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters or the SI message corresponds to the orbit propagation model or a class of the orbit propagation model.

Clause 15: the method of clause 10, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is transmitted to the UE via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) in response to the request.

Clause 16: a method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, from a network entity, one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with satellites that provide coverage for the network entity; receiving at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters associated with the satellite, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising different ephemeris parameters than the one or more base sets of ephemeris parameters; and calculating a state of motion of the satellite using the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Clause 17: the method of clause 16, further comprising using the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters in an orbit propagation model to determine at least one of: the position of the satellite; the velocity of the satellite; the relative position of the satellite with respect to the UE; or the relative velocity of the satellite with respect to the UE.

Clause 18: the method of clause 16 or 17, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a kepler set and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: derivatives of at least one ephemeris parameter of the kepler ephemeris parameter set; parameters describing at least one of a band harmonic, a sector harmonic, or a field harmonic; parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag; parameters for calculating radiation pressure; or parameters for calculating the attraction force.

Clause 19: the method of clause 16 or 17, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a position-velocity-time (PVT) set and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: the second derivative of the parameter in the PVT set; or the third derivative of the parameter in the PVT set.

Clause 20: the method of clause 16, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are applicable to another UE, and wherein the UE uses a first subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to calculate the motion state of the satellite and the other UE uses a second, different subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Clause 21: the method of clause 16, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are associated with a reference time.

Clause 22: the method of clause 16, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters are carried in a System Information (SI) message, and further comprising: one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters are received in a subsequent SI message to update parameters in the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters or the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Clause 23: the method of clause 16, further comprising: receiving availability of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters from the network entity; transmitting a request for the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to the network entity; and receiving the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters from the network entity in response to the request.

Clause 24: the method of clause 23, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of: when the base ephemeris parameters are position-velocity-time (PVT) parameters, the derivative of one of the kepler ephemeris parameters set; parameters describing at least one of a band harmonic, a sector harmonic, or a field harmonic; parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag; parameters for calculating radiation pressure; parameters for calculating attraction force; or a second derivative or higher derivative of the position parameter.

Clause 25: the method of clause 23, wherein the request is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

Clause 26: the method of clause 23, wherein the request from the UE comprises at least one of: an indication of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters, a System Information (SI) message, an orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters, or a category of orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

Clause 27: the method of clause 26, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters or the SI message corresponds to the orbit propagation model or a class of the orbit propagation model.

Clause 28: the method of clause 23, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is transmitted to the UE via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) in response to the request.

Clause 29: an apparatus, comprising: a memory comprising executable instructions; one or more processors configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of clauses 1-28.

Clause 30: an apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any one of clauses 1 to 28.

Clause 31: a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising: executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of clauses 1-28.

Clause 32: a computer program product, embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, comprising code for performing the method according to any of clauses 1-28.

Additional wireless communication network considerations

The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communication networks (or Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs)) and Radio Access Technologies (RATs). Although aspects may be described herein using terms commonly associated with 3G, 4G, and/or 5G (e.g., 5G new air interface (NR)) wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be equally applicable to other communication systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.

The 5G wireless communication network may support various advanced wireless communication services, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), millimeter wave (mmWave), machine Type Communication (MTC), and/or ultra-reliable, low-latency communication for mission critical (URLLC). These services and other services may include latency and reliability requirements.

Returning to fig. 1, aspects of the present disclosure may be performed within an exemplary wireless communication network 100.

In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to a coverage area of a NodeB and/or a narrowband subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In an NR system, the terms "cell" and BS, next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB), access Point (AP), distributed Unit (DU), carrier, or transmission-reception point may be used interchangeably. The BS may provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, and/or other types of cells.

A macro cell may generally cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. The pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a gym) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs associated with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) and UEs of users in the home). The BS for the macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. The BS for the pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS. The BS for the femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS, a home BS, or a home NodeB.

A base station 102 configured for 4G LTE, collectively referred to as an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), may interface with the EPC 160 through a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., an S1 interface). A base station 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or next generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with the 5gc 190 over the second backhaul link 184. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through EPC 160 or 5gc 190) over a third backhaul link 134 (e.g., an X2 interface). The third backhaul link 134 may generally be wired or wireless.

The small cell 102' may operate in licensed and/or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by Wi-Fi AP 150. The use of small cells 102' of NR in unlicensed spectrum may improve coverage of the access network and/or increase capacity of the access network.

Some base stations, such as gNB 180, may operate in a conventional below 6GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies, and/or frequencies near mmWave to communicate with UEs 104. When the gNB 180 operates in mmWave or frequencies near mmWave, the gNB 180 may be referred to as a mmWave base station.

The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and, for example, the UE 104 may be over one or more carriers. For example, for each carrier allocated in carrier aggregation up to yxmhz (x component carriers) in total for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 and the UE 104 may use a spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, and other MHz) bandwidth. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

The wireless communication system 100 further includes a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) 150 that communicates with Wi-Fi Stations (STAs) 152 via a communication link 154 in, for example, the 2.4GHz and/or 5GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, STA 152/AP 150 may perform Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) prior to communication to determine whether a channel is available.

Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL/UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more side link channels, such as a physical side link broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical side link discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical side link control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems such as, for example, FLASHLINQ, WIMEDIA, bluetooth, zigBee, wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, 4G (e.g., LTE), or 5G (e.g., NR), just to name a few options.

EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway 172.MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.

In general, user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are communicated through a serving gateway 166, which itself is connected to a PDN gateway 172. The PDN gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP services 176, which may include, for example, the internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS), PS streaming services, and/or other IP services.

The BM-SC 170 may provide functionality for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may be used as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service and may be responsible for session management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.

The 5gc 190 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.

The AMF 192 is typically a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the 5gc 190. In general, AMF 192 provides QoS flows and session management.

All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through the UPF 195, which connects to the IP service 197 and provides IP address assignment for the UE as well as other functions for the 5gc 190. The IP services 197 may include, for example, the internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming services, and/or other IP services.

Returning to fig. 2, various exemplary components of BS102 and UE 104 (e.g., wireless communication network 100 of fig. 1) that may be used to implement aspects of the present disclosure are depicted.

At BS102, transmit processor 220 may receive data from data source 212 and control information from controller/processor 240. The control information may be for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), a group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), and the like. In some examples, the data may be for a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

A Medium Access Control (MAC) -control element (MAC-CE) is a MAC layer communication structure that may be used for control command exchange between wireless nodes. The MAC-CE may be carried in a shared channel, such as a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), or a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH).

Processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols, such as for a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

A Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to Modulators (MODs) in the transceivers 232a-232 t. Each modulator in transceivers 232a-232t may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from modulators in transceivers 232a-232t may be transmitted via antennas 234a-234t, respectively.

At the UE 104, antennas 252a-252r may receive the downlink signals from the BS102 and may provide the received signals to a demodulator (DEMOD) in transceivers 254a-254r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 254a-254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a corresponding received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols.

MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all of the demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data to the UE 104 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller/processor 280.

On the uplink, at the UE 104, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 (e.g., for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) and control information from a controller/processor 280 (e.g., for a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals, e.g., sounding Reference Signals (SRS). The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators in transceivers 254a-254r (e.g., for SC-FDM), and transmitted to BS102.

At BS102, uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 234a-234t, processed by demodulators in transceivers 232a-232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller/processor 240.

Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for BS102 and UE 104, respectively.

The scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.

The 5G may utilize Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) on uplink and downlink. 5G may also support half duplex operation using Time Division Duplex (TDD). OFDM and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) divide the system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones and bins. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. The modulation symbols may be transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and in the time domain using SC-FDM. The interval between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed and the total number of subcarriers may depend on the system bandwidth. In some examples, the minimum resource allocation, referred to as a Resource Block (RB), may be 12 consecutive subcarriers. The system bandwidth may also be divided into a plurality of sub-bands. For example, one subband may cover multiple RBs. The NR may support a 15KHz base subcarrier spacing (SCS) and may define other SCSs (e.g., 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, 240kHz, etc.) with respect to the base SCS.

As described above, fig. 3A-3D depict various exemplary aspects of a data structure for a wireless communication network, such as wireless communication network 100 of fig. 1.

In aspects, the 5G frame structure may be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to DL or UL. The 5G frame structure may also be Time Division Duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), the subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL. In the example provided by fig. 3A and 3C, the 5G frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 configured with slot format 28 (mostly DL) and subframe 3 configured with slot format 34 (mostly UL), where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL/UL. Although subframes 3, 4 are shown in slot formats 34, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of a variety of available slot formats 0-61. The slot formats 0, 1 are DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with a slot format (dynamically configured by DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically/statically controlled by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling) through a received Slot Format Indicator (SFI). Note that the following description also applies to a 5G frame structure that is TDD.

Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and/or different channels. One frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more slots. The subframe may also include a minislot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. In some examples, each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot configuration.

For example, for slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, while for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols. The symbols on DL may be Cyclic Prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) -spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also known as single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to single stream transmission).

The number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the parameter set. For slot configuration 0, different parameter sets (μ) 0 through 5 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different parameter sets 0 to 2 allow 2, 4 and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Thus, for slot configuration 0 and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols/slot and 2 μ slots/subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length/duration are functions of the parameter set. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 ^μ x 15kHz, where μ is a number scheme 0 through 5. Thus, the digital scheme μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, while the digital scheme μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbol length/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Fig. 3A to 3D provide examples of a slot configuration 0 having 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 having 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 mus.

The resource grid may be used to represent a frame structure. Each slot includes Resource Blocks (RBs) (also referred to as Physical RBs (PRBs)) that extend for 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of Resource Elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

As shown in fig. 3A, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for UEs (e.g., UE 104 of fig. 1 and 2). The RSs may include demodulation RSs (DM-RSs) (denoted Rx for one particular configuration, where 100x is a port number, but other DM-RS configurations are also possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) for channel estimation at the UE. The RSs may also include beam measurement RSs (BRSs), beam Refinement RSs (BRRSs), and phase tracking RSs (PT-RSs).

Fig. 3B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. A Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs), each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.

The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by the UE (e.g., 104 of fig. 1 and 2) to determine subframe/symbol timing and physical layer identification.

The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identification group number and radio frame timing.

Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE may determine a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DM-RS. A Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying a Master Information Block (MIB) may be logically grouped with PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS)/PBCH block. The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (e.g., system Information Blocks (SIBs)) not transmitted over the PBCH, and paging messages.

As shown in fig. 3C, some REs carry DM-RS for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible). The UE may transmit DM-RS of a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations according to whether the short PUCCH or the long PUCCH is transmitted and according to a specific PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency dependent scheduling of the UL.

Fig. 3D illustrates examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries Uplink Control Information (UCI) such as a scheduling request, a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Rank Indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback. PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry Buffer Status Reports (BSR), power Headroom Reports (PHR), and/or UCI.

Additional considerations

The foregoing description provides an example of communicating in discontinuous coverage of a non-terrestrial network in a communication system. The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limited in scope, applicability, or aspect to the description set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, replace, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods that are implemented using other structures, functions, or structures and functions in addition to or instead of the various aspects of the present disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more components of the present invention.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication techniques such as 5G (e.g., 5 GNR), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-a), code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), time division-synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), and other networks. The terms "network" and "system" are often used interchangeably. CDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, and the like. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. TDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM). OFDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as NR (e.g., 5G RA), evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDMA, and the like. UTRA and E-UTRA are parts of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-a are versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-a and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "third generation partnership project" (3 GPP). Cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "third generation partnership project 2" (3 GPP 2). NR is an emerging wireless communication technology being developed.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable Logic Device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Although a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC), or any other such configuration.

If implemented in hardware, an exemplary hardware configuration may include a processing system in a wireless node. The processing system may be implemented using a bus architecture. The bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints. The bus may link together various circuits including processors, machine-readable media, and bus interfaces. The bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter or the like to the processing system via the bus. The network adapter may be used to implement the signal processing functions of the PHY layer. In the case of user equipment (see fig. 1), a user interface (e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, touch screen, biometric sensor, proximity sensor, light emitting element, etc.) may also be connected to the bus. The bus may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further. A processor may be implemented using one or more general-purpose processors and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality of the processing system depending on the particular application and overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.

If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Software should be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general-purpose processing, including the execution of software modules stored on a machine-readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. By way of example, machine-readable media may comprise a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, separate from the wireless node, all of which may be accessed by a processor through a bus interface. Alternatively or in addition, the machine-readable medium, or any portion thereof, may be integrated into the processor, such as with a cache and/or general purpose register file. By way of example, a machine-readable storage medium may comprise RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read only memory), PROM (programmable read only memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), registers, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a hard disk drive, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof. The machine-readable medium may be embodied by a computer program product.

A software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media. The computer readable medium may include several software modules. The software modules include instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, such as a processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions. The software modules may include a transmit module and a receive module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices. By way of example, when a trigger event occurs, the software module may be loaded from the hard disk drive into RAM. During execution of the software module, the processor may load some of the instructions into the cache to increase access speed. One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general purpose register file for execution by a processor. When reference is made below to the functionality of a software module, it will be understood that such functionality is implemented by the processor when executing instructions from the software module.

As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of a list of items" refers to any combination of these items (which includes a single member). For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and so forth. Further, "determining" may include parsing, selecting, choosing, establishing, and so forth.

The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the method. The steps and/or actions of the methods may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. That is, unless a particular order of steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of particular steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Furthermore, the various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The components may include various hardware and/or software components and/or modules including, but not limited to, circuits, application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or processors. In general, where there are operations shown in the figures, those operations may have corresponding component plus function assemblies.

The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within the claims, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one or more. The term "some" means one or more unless specifically stated otherwise. No claim element should be construed in accordance with the specification of 35u.s.c. ≡112 (f) unless the phrase "means for … …" is used to explicitly recite the element or, in the case of method claims, the phrase "step for … …" is used to recite the element. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising:

Determining at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising ephemeris parameters different from one or more of the basic sets of ephemeris parameters, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters each being associated with a satellite providing coverage for the network entity; and

Broadcast signaling is transmitted indicating the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is determined based on an orbit propagation model supported by a User Equipment (UE) to receive the broadcast signaling.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a kepler set of ephemeris parameters, and wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of:

Derivatives of at least one ephemeris parameter of the kepler ephemeris parameter set;

parameters describing at least one of a band harmonic, a sector harmonic, or a field harmonic;

parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag;

parameters for calculating radiation pressure; or alternatively

Parameters for calculating the attraction force.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a position-velocity-time (PVT) set, and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of:

Second derivatives of parameters in the PVT set; or alternatively

Third derivatives of the parameters in the PVT set.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are used by two or more UEs, wherein a first subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is used by one of the two or more UEs, and wherein a second subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is used by another of the two or more UEs.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are associated with a reference time.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters share a common reference time.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters have different reference times.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more basic ephemeris parameter sets and the at least one additional ephemeris parameter set are transmitted in a System Information (SI) message, and wherein the method further comprises:

one or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters are transmitted in a subsequent SI message to update parameters in the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters or the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

indicating to a User Equipment (UE) availability of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters;

Receiving a request from the UE for the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters; and

The at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is transmitted to the UE in response to the request.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of:

When the base ephemeris parameters are position-velocity-time (PVT) parameters, the derivative of one of the kepler ephemeris parameters set;

parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag;

parameters for calculating radiation pressure;

parameters for calculating attraction force; or alternatively

Second derivative or higher derivative of the position parameter.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the request is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the request from the UE comprises at least one of:

an indication of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters,

A System Information (SI) message is provided,

An orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters or a class of orbit propagation model associated with the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters or the SI message corresponds to the orbit propagation model or a category of the orbit propagation model.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is transmitted to the UE via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) in response to the request.

16. A method for wireless communication by a User Equipment (UE), comprising:

Receiving, from a network entity, one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters associated with satellites providing coverage for the network entity;

receiving at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters associated with the satellite, the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprising different ephemeris parameters than the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters; and

The motion state of the satellite is calculated using the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising using the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters in an orbit propagation model to determine at least one of:

The position of the satellite;

the speed of the satellite;

The relative position of the satellites with respect to the UE; or alternatively

The relative velocity of the satellite with respect to the UE.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a kepler set of ephemeris parameters, and wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of:

parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag;

parameters for calculating radiation pressure; or alternatively

Parameters for calculating the attraction force.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters comprise a position-velocity-time (PVT) set, and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of:

Second derivatives of parameters in the PVT set; or alternatively

Third derivatives of the parameters in the PVT set.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are applicable to another UE, wherein the UE uses a first subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to calculate the motion state of the satellite, and wherein the other UE uses a second subset of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters and the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters are associated with a reference time.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters and the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters are carried in a System Information (SI) message, and wherein the method further comprises:

One or more additional sets of ephemeris parameters are received in a subsequent SI message to update parameters in the one or more basic sets of ephemeris parameters or the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters.

23. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

receiving availability of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters from the network entity;

Transmitting a request for the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters to the network entity; and

The at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is received from the network entity in response to the request.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters comprises at least one of:

parameters for calculating aerodynamic drag;

parameters for calculating radiation pressure;

parameters for calculating attraction force; or alternatively

Second derivative or higher derivative of the position parameter.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the request is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE).

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the request from the UE comprises at least one of:

an indication of the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters,

A System Information (SI) message is provided,

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters or the SI message corresponds to the orbit propagation model or a class of the orbit propagation model.

28. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one additional set of ephemeris parameters is transmitted to the UE via a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) in response to the request.

29. A network entity configured for wireless communication, comprising: a memory including computer-executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the network entity to:

30. A user equipment configured for wireless communication, comprising: a memory including computer-executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the user equipment to: