CN117997112A - Power supply circuit and switching power supply using same - Google Patents
Power supply circuit and switching power supply using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN117997112A CN117997112A CN202410139468.2A CN202410139468A CN117997112A CN 117997112 A CN117997112 A CN 117997112A CN 202410139468 A CN202410139468 A CN 202410139468A CN 117997112 A CN117997112 A CN 117997112A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application discloses a power supply circuit which is used for supplying power to a low-voltage circuit at the rear end, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current limiting circuit, a control circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a voltage stabilizer, wherein the voltage sampling circuit samples rectified input voltage, the current limiting circuit regulates current flowing to the energy storage capacitor according to the change of the input voltage, the control circuit opens or closes the current limiting circuit according to the magnitude of the input voltage, and the power supply circuit is connected to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end through the voltage stabilizer so as to reduce the voltage input to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end; the control circuit starts the current limiting circuit when the input voltage is smaller than or equal to a set threshold value, the input voltage supplies power to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end, meanwhile, the energy storage capacitor is charged, and when the input voltage is larger than the set threshold value, the control circuit closes the current limiting circuit, and the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end. Through the arrangement, the circuit structure of the power supply circuit is simplified, so that the size of the switching power supply is reduced, and meanwhile, the power supply efficiency of the circuit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power management, in particular to a power supply circuit and a switching power supply using the same.
Background
Along with the popularization of smart home, the cost and the size requirements of the strong current equipment on the auxiliary power supply circuit are higher and higher. The common power supply modes of the control circuit in the existing strong current equipment are as follows: the switching power supply is directly reduced to the power supply voltage, the resistance current-limiting diode is used for stabilizing the power supply, and the power supply is realized through a valley power-taking chip. The power supply mode cannot meet the requirements of small size and low cost of a control circuit, and meanwhile, the power supply mode is guaranteed to have high power supply efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the application aims to provide a power supply circuit with simple structure and higher power supply efficiency and a switching power supply using the same.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
In one aspect, the application provides a power supply circuit for supplying power to a low-voltage circuit at a rear end, the power supply circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current limiting circuit, a control circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a voltage stabilizer, the voltage sampling circuit samples rectified input voltage, the current limiting circuit is connected in series between the voltage sampling circuit and the energy storage capacitor and adjusts current flowing to the energy storage capacitor according to the change of the input voltage, the input end of the control circuit is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, the output end of the control circuit is connected to the current limiting circuit and turns on or off the current limiting circuit according to the magnitude of the input voltage, the voltage stabilizer is connected to the energy storage capacitor, and the power supply circuit is connected to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end through the voltage stabilizer so as to reduce the voltage input to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end; the control circuit starts the current limiting circuit when the input voltage is smaller than or equal to a set threshold value, the input voltage supplies power to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end, meanwhile, the energy storage capacitor is charged, and when the input voltage is larger than the set threshold value, the control circuit closes the current limiting circuit, and the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end.
Further, the current limiting circuit at least comprises a switching element and an operational amplifier, the switching element is connected in series between the input voltage and the energy storage capacitor, a first input end of the operational amplifier receives a current representing the current flowing through the switching element, a second input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, and an output end of the operational amplifier is connected to a control end of the switching element; the operational amplifier adjusts the current flowing through the switching element according to the input voltage so that the phase of the input voltage and the phase of the current flowing through the switching element are kept identical.
Further, the switching element is a PMOS transistor.
Further, the control circuit comprises a comparator and a reference voltage source, a first input end of the comparator is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, a second input end of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage source, and an output end of the comparator is connected to a control end of the switching element; the comparator controls the switching element to be turned off when the input voltage is greater than the voltage of the reference voltage source.
Further, the voltage sampling circuit comprises at least one regulating resistor, and the second input end of the operational amplifier and the first input end of the comparator are respectively connected to the common node of the two adjacent regulating circuits.
Further, the adjusting resistor comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor which are connected in series, a second input end of the operational amplifier is connected to a common node of the first resistor and the second resistor, and a first input end of the comparator is connected to a common node of the second resistor and the third resistor; the conducting interval of the switching element is adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor, the second resistor and/or the third resistor or adjusting the voltage of the reference voltage source.
Further, the current limiting circuit further comprises a voltage dividing resistor, and the voltage dividing resistor is connected in series between the input voltage and the first input end of the operational amplifier; the ratio of the input voltage to the current flowing through the switching element is adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor and/or the voltage dividing resistor.
Further, the power supply circuit is connected to the high-voltage power supply module, the high-voltage power supply module supplies power to the load, the power supply circuit and the high-voltage power supply module are integrated in the same package, and the power supply circuit and the high-voltage power supply module share an input node of the package to acquire input voltage.
Further, the package is connected with an external energy storage capacitor through a power supply node of the package, so that the energy storage capacitor is charged when the input voltage is smaller than or equal to a set threshold value.
On the other hand, the application also provides a switching power supply, which comprises the power supply circuit in the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention controls the current limiting circuit to be conducted when the input voltage is lower than the set threshold value through the power supply circuit formed by the voltage stabilizer, the energy storage capacitor, the voltage sampling circuit, the current limiting circuit and the control circuit, the input voltage supplies power to the back-end circuit through the voltage stabilizer, and meanwhile, the energy storage capacitor starts to charge so as to realize the electricity taking at the valley bottom, thereby simplifying the circuit structure of the power supply circuit, reducing the design cost of the circuit, having smaller layout area and higher power supply efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 2 is a circuit topology diagram of a power supply circuit in an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a timing chart of input voltages in an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a switching power supply according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a power supply circuit 100 for supplying power to a low voltage circuit 200 at the back end. The power supply circuit 100 is generally applied to a strong electric device in an intelligent home, and is used as an auxiliary power supply circuit for the strong electric device. Since the strong electric device is powered by the mains supply, the mains supply is rectified by the AC-DC rectifying circuit and then is pulsating direct current (i.e., an input voltage Vin described later), and the input voltage Vin changes periodically.
The power supply circuit 100 at least includes a voltage sampling circuit 11, a current limiting circuit 12, a control circuit 13, a storage capacitor 14, and a voltage regulator 15. The voltage sampling circuit 11 samples the rectified input voltage Vin, and the current limiting circuit 12 is connected in series between the voltage sampling circuit 11 and the energy storage capacitor 14, and adjusts the current flowing to the energy storage capacitor 14 according to the change of the input voltage Vin. An input end of the control circuit 13 is connected to the voltage sampling circuit 11, an output end of the control circuit 13 is connected to the current limiting circuit 12, and the control circuit 13 turns on or off the current limiting circuit 12 according to the magnitude of the input voltage Vin. The voltage regulator 15 is connected to the energy storage capacitor 14, and the power supply circuit 100 is connected to the low voltage circuit 200 at the back end through the voltage regulator 15 to reduce the voltage input to the low voltage circuit at the back end, and is connected to the voltage regulator 15 to reduce the voltage ripple of the low voltage input to the back end.
It should be noted that the voltage regulator 15 is a common low dropout linear voltage regulator 15 (LDO, low Dropout Regulator), and the voltage stabilizing output is realized by controlling the power consumption in the tube, which is not explained in the present application.
As an implementation manner, the control circuit 13 turns on the current limiting circuit 12 when the input voltage Vin is less than or equal to the set threshold, and at this time, the input voltage Vin supplies power to the low voltage circuit 200 at the back end, and at the same time, the storage capacitor 14 charges.
Further, the control circuit 13 turns off the current limiting circuit 12 when the input voltage Vin is greater than the set threshold value, and at this time, the current path between the voltage input node receiving the input voltage Vin and the low voltage circuit 200 at the rear end is cut off, and the power is supplied to the low voltage circuit 200 at the rear end through the storage capacitor 14.
In the embodiment of the present application, the current limiting circuit 12 can adjust the current flowing to the energy storage capacitor 14 according to the variation of the input voltage Vin, so that the phase of the input voltage Vin and the phase of the current flowing to the energy storage capacitor 14 are kept substantially consistent, thereby increasing the PF value of the power supply circuit 100 and the circuit system to which the power supply circuit 100 is applied.
Through the arrangement, the circuit structure formed by the voltage sampling circuit 11, the current limiting circuit 12, the control circuit 13, the energy storage capacitor 14 and the voltage stabilizer 15 is simpler, so that the circuit integration is facilitated, the board layout area of the circuit is reduced, and the production cost of the power supply circuit 100 and a circuit system applying the power supply circuit 100 is further reduced. In addition, the scheme also has higher power supply efficiency.
The input voltage Vin varies periodically, and therefore, the input voltage Vin is less than or equal to the set voltage in a first time period, so that the input voltage Vin powers the low-voltage circuit 200 at the back end, and the storage capacitor 14 is charged. The input voltage Vin is greater than the set voltage in the second time, the control circuit 13 controls the current limiting circuit 12 to be disconnected, and the low voltage circuit 200 at the rear end is powered through the energy storage capacitor 14. The sum of the first time and the second time is the variation period of the input voltage Vin, so that the energy storage capacitor 14 is circularly charged and discharged at equal intervals through the arrangement, so as to avoid damage to the low-voltage circuit 200 at the back end when the input voltage Vin rises to the peak value.
As shown in fig. 2, as an implementation manner, the current limiting circuit 12 includes at least a switching element Q1 and an operational amplifier U1, the switching element Q1 is connected in series between the voltage input node and the storage capacitor 14, a first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a first terminal of the switching element Q1, and receives a current representing a current flowing through the switching element Q1, a second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the voltage sampling circuit 11, and an output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a control terminal of the switching element Q1.
Specifically, the operational amplifier U1 adjusts the current flowing through the switching element Q1 according to the input voltage Vin, so that the phase of the input voltage Vin and the phase of the current flowing through the switching element Q1 are kept consistent, thereby improving the PF value of the power supply circuit 100 and the circuit system applying the power supply circuit 100, and further improving the power efficiency.
The switching element Q1 is a PMOS transistor, a gate of the PMOS transistor is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1, a source of the PMOS transistor receives the input voltage Vin, and a drain of the PMOS transistor is connected to the storage capacitor 14. The first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 receives the current representing the current flowing through the PMOS transistor, so that the PMOS transistor operates in the amplifying region, and the phase of the current flowing through the PMOS transistor is adjusted, thereby increasing the PF value of the power supply circuit 100.
In some examples, current limiting circuit 12 further includes a voltage dividing resistor R0, with voltage dividing resistor R0 being connected in series between the voltage input node and the first input of operational amplifier U1. The ratio of the input voltage Vin to the current flowing through the switching element Q1 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the voltage dividing resistor R0, so as to adjust the PF values of the power supply circuit 100 and the circuit system applying the power supply circuit 100, thereby improving the power efficiency.
As shown in fig. 2, as an implementation manner, the control circuit 13 includes a comparator U2 and a reference voltage source U3, a first input terminal of the comparator U2 is connected to the voltage sampling circuit 11, a second input terminal of the comparator U2 is connected to the reference voltage source U3, and an output terminal of the comparator U2 is connected to a control terminal of the switching element Q1.
Specifically, the reference voltage source U3 is configured to provide a constant voltage, and the comparator U2 outputs a control signal when the input voltage Vin is greater than the voltage of the reference voltage source U3, and the control terminal of the switching element Q1 receives the control signal and turns off in response to the control signal. Thereby avoiding damage to the low voltage circuit 200 at the back end when the input voltage Vin reaches a peak value.
In the above scheme, the basic functional unit is formed by the comparator U2, the reference voltage source U3 and the switching element Q1, so as to disconnect the power supply circuit 100 from the low-voltage circuit 200 at the back end when the input voltage Vin reaches a peak value, and supply power to the low-voltage circuit 200 at the back end through the power supply circuit 100 when the input voltage Vin is at a valley value. The valley bottom electricity taking mode is adopted, the service life of the low-voltage circuit 200 at the rear end is guaranteed, and the circuit system of the power supply circuit 100 applying the same has lower voltage ripple and higher PF value.
As an implementation, the voltage sampling circuit 11 includes at least one adjusting resistor, and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 and the first input terminal of the comparator U2 are respectively connected to a common node of two adjacent adjusting resistors.
The on interval of the switching element Q1 is adjusted by changing the adjustment resistance, or the ratio of the input voltage Vin to the current flowing through the switching element Q1 is adjusted by changing the adjustment resistance.
As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present application, the adjusting resistor includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3, and the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3 are connected in series between the input voltage Vin and the zero potential reference point GND.
Specifically, a first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a common node of the voltage dividing resistor R0 and the first terminal of the switching element Q1, and a second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a common node of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2.
The ratio of the input voltage Vin to the current flowing through the switching element Q1 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3 and/or the voltage dividing resistor R0. Thereby improving the PF value and power efficiency of the power supply circuit 100 and the circuit system to which the power supply circuit 100 is applied.
Further, a first input terminal of the comparator U2 is connected to a common node of the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3, a second input terminal of the comparator U2 is connected to the reference voltage source U3, and the reference voltage source U3 is connected in series between the second input terminal of the comparator U2 and the zero potential reference point GND.
The on interval of the switching element Q1 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and/or the third resistor R3, or adjusting the voltage of the reference voltage source U3.
It should be noted that, according to the size and the power parameter of the low-voltage circuit 200 at the back end, the low-voltage circuit 200 has different rated operation thresholds, and the conduction interval of the switching element Q1 is adjusted to adapt to the low-voltage circuit 200 at the different back end.
The application also provides a voltage-current waveform diagram as shown in fig. 3, wherein the rectified input voltage Vin, main power current and valley current are shown. The main power current is the current flowing through the load, wherein the load 400 may be a camera, a light fixture, a central control panel, a display, etc. The valley power-taking current is the current flowing through the switching element Q1 when the input voltage Vin is smaller than the set threshold value or the input voltage Vin is at the first time.
As shown in fig. 4, as an implementation manner, the power supply circuit 100 is connected to the high voltage power supply module 300, the high voltage power supply module 300 is used for supplying power to the load 400, the power supply circuit 100 and the high voltage power supply module 300 are integrated in the same package, and the power supply circuit 100 and the high voltage power supply module 300 share an input node of the package to obtain the input voltage Vin.
It can be appreciated that, because the power supply circuit 100 provided by the present application has a simpler structure, the power supply circuit 100 and the high voltage power supply module 300 may have a common package, so that the power supply circuit 100 and the circuit system using the same occupy a smaller layout area, thereby reducing the production cost.
In the embodiment of the present application, the package is connected to the external energy storage capacitor 14 through a power supply node thereof, and the energy storage capacitor 14 is charged when the input voltage Vin is less than or equal to a set threshold value through the power supply node.
The above arrangement facilitates replacement of the storage capacitor 14 to provide better maintainability of the power supply circuit 100.
In the embodiment of the present application, the comparator U2 receives the voltage signal representing the input voltage Vin through the common node of the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3, and controls the switching element Q1 to be closed when the voltage of the voltage signal is less than or equal to the voltage of the reference voltage source U3, so as to charge the storage capacitor 14 through the input voltage Vin, and at the same time, the input voltage Vin provides the voltage for driving the low-voltage circuit 200 at the back end. The operational amplifier U1 receives a current that characterizes the current flowing through the switching element Q1 and adjusts the current so that the phase of the current flowing through the switching power supply and the phase of the input voltage Vin remain substantially identical. The comparator U2 controls the switching element Q1 to be turned off when the voltage of the voltage signal is greater than the voltage of the reference voltage source U3, and at this time, a voltage for driving the low voltage of the rear end is supplied through the storage capacitor 14.
The above scheme maintains the voltage required by the operation of the low-voltage circuit 200 at the back end by the mode of taking electricity from the bottom of the valley, and ensures that the circuit system applying the power supply circuit 100 has higher PF value and power efficiency.
It can be appreciated that the circuit structure in the above scheme is simpler and can be integrated with other circuits, thereby reducing the cost and the circuit layout area.
As shown in fig. 4, the present application further provides a switching power supply 10, which includes the foregoing power supply circuit 100, the low voltage circuit 200 at the back end, and the high voltage power supply module 300, and the switching power supply 10 supplies power to the load 400 through the high voltage power supply module 300. The power supply circuit 100 is connected to the low voltage circuit 200 at the rear end, supplies a voltage for driving the low voltage circuit 200 at the rear end, and the low voltage circuit 200 at the rear end controls the load 400 through the high voltage power supply module 300.
It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A power supply circuit for supplying power to a low voltage circuit at a back end, comprising:
The voltage sampling circuit samples rectified input voltage, the current limiting circuit is connected in series between the voltage sampling circuit and the energy storage capacitor, current flowing to the energy storage capacitor is regulated according to the change of the input voltage, the input end of the control circuit is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, the output end of the control circuit is connected to the current limiting circuit, the current limiting circuit is opened or closed according to the magnitude of the input voltage, the voltage stabilizer is connected to the energy storage capacitor, and the power supply circuit is connected to a low-voltage circuit at the rear end through the voltage stabilizer so as to reduce the voltage input to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end;
The control circuit starts the current limiting circuit when the input voltage is smaller than or equal to a set threshold value, the input voltage supplies power to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end, meanwhile, the energy storage capacitor is charged, the control circuit closes the current limiting circuit when the input voltage is larger than the set threshold value, and the energy storage capacitor supplies power to the low-voltage circuit at the rear end.
2. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a power supply circuit,
The current limiting circuit at least comprises a switching element and an operational amplifier, wherein the switching element is connected in series between the input voltage and the energy storage capacitor, a first input end of the operational amplifier receives a current representing the current flowing through the switching element, a second input end of the operational amplifier is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, and an output end of the operational amplifier is connected to a control end of the switching element;
The operational amplifier adjusts the current flowing through the switching element according to the input voltage so that the phase of the input voltage and the phase of the current flowing through the switching element are consistent.
3. The power supply circuit of claim 2, wherein,
The switch element is a PMOS tube.
4. The power supply circuit of claim 2, wherein,
The control circuit comprises a comparator and a reference voltage source, wherein a first input end of the comparator is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, a second input end of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage source, and an output end of the comparator is connected to a control end of the switching element;
The comparator controls the switching element to be turned off when the input voltage is greater than the voltage of the reference voltage source.
5. The power supply circuit of claim 4, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a power supply circuit,
The voltage sampling circuit comprises at least one regulating resistor, and a second input end of the operational amplifier and a first input end of the comparator are respectively connected to a common node of two adjacent regulating circuits.
6. The power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a power supply circuit,
The adjusting resistor comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor which are connected in series, the second input end of the operational amplifier is connected to a common node of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the first input end of the comparator is connected to a common node of the second resistor and the third resistor;
and adjusting the conduction interval of the switching element by adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor, the second resistor and/or the third resistor or adjusting the voltage of the reference voltage source.
7. The power supply circuit of claim 6, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a power supply circuit,
The current limiting circuit further comprises a voltage dividing resistor which is connected in series between the input voltage and the first input end of the operational amplifier;
And adjusting the ratio of the input voltage to the current flowing through the switching element by adjusting the resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor and/or the voltage dividing resistor.
8. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a power supply circuit,
The power supply circuit is connected to the high-voltage power supply module, the high-voltage power supply module supplies power to the load, the power supply circuit and the high-voltage power supply module are integrated in the same package, and the power supply circuit and the high-voltage power supply module share an input node of the package to acquire the input voltage.
9. The power supply circuit of claim 8, wherein the power supply circuit comprises a power supply circuit,
The package is connected with the external energy storage capacitor through a power supply node of the package, so that the energy storage capacitor is charged when the input voltage is smaller than or equal to the set threshold value.
10. A switching power supply, comprising:
a power supply circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410139468.2A CN117997112A (en) | 2024-01-31 | 2024-01-31 | Power supply circuit and switching power supply using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410139468.2A CN117997112A (en) | 2024-01-31 | 2024-01-31 | Power supply circuit and switching power supply using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117997112A true CN117997112A (en) | 2024-05-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410139468.2A Pending CN117997112A (en) | 2024-01-31 | 2024-01-31 | Power supply circuit and switching power supply using same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117997112A (en) |
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2024
- 2024-01-31 CN CN202410139468.2A patent/CN117997112A/en active Pending
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