CN117993171A - Switching loss calculation method and system for hybrid modular multilevel converter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calculating switching loss of a hybrid modular multilevel converter, wherein the method is used for calculating turn-off loss and turn-on loss of a power tube and reverse recovery loss of an anti-parallel diode based on a device manual. And then determining the loss type of the mixed MMC according to the bridge arm current of the mixed MMC sub-module and the quantity of the conducted sub-modules. Then the switching times of the switch are calculated through the comparison of the modulated wave and the carrier wave; and finally, calculating the switching loss of the mixed MMC based on the analysis. According to the invention, through the switching loss type analysis and the switching action quantity calculation, the switching loss rapid calculation of the mixed MMC is realized, and a certain research foundation can be provided for the junction temperature calculation, the heat dissipation design, the device selection and the reliability evaluation of the mixed MMC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multi-level power electronic converters, in particular to a switching loss calculation method and a system of a hybrid modular multi-level converter.
Background
The hybrid modular multilevel converter (Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC) based on the half-bridge submodule and Quan Qiaozi has high operation efficiency, direct-current fault ride-through capability and can operate in an overmodulation operation mode, and has certain advantages in application in a new energy collection system. The novel modulation method is suitable for various operation conditions of non-overmodulation and overmodulation, has high waveform quality and is widely applied to the hybrid MMC in a new energy collection system. The modulation method determines the number of conducting sub-modules required at each moment, and then the capacitor voltage equalization algorithm determines the specific output mode of each sub-module.
The switching loss is an important component of the mixed MMC loss, and the accurate loss calculation model is an important precondition for realizing the junction temperature calculation, heat dissipation design, device type selection and reliability evaluation of the mixed MMC. However, unlike the on-loss, the switching loss of the hybrid MMC is closely related to the times of switching on and off of the device, the current magnitude during switching on and off, and the like, and the calculation difficulty is high.
The existing MMC loss calculation method mainly comprises a calculation method based on a detailed electromagnetic transient simulation model and a direct calculation method based on an analytic formula. The calculation method based on the detailed electromagnetic transient simulation model requires longer calculation time and is not suitable for mixed MMCs with huge module quantity. The existing analytical formula direct calculation method is mainly aimed at half-bridge MMC, and the working mode and switching of the mixed MMC based on Quan Qiaozi modules and half-bridge sub-modules are more complex, and an applicable switching loss calculation model is not available at present. Therefore, a method for calculating the switching loss of the hybrid modular multilevel converter applicable to the improved carrier phase shift modulation mode is still needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a switching loss calculation method of a hybrid modular multilevel converter, which realizes the rapid calculation of the switching loss of a hybrid MMC and can provide a certain research foundation for the calculation of the junction temperature of the hybrid MMC, the heat dissipation design, the device selection and the reliability evaluation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a switching loss calculation method of a hybrid modular multilevel converter comprises the following steps:
S1, acquiring the relation between devices in a mixed MMC and current, voltage and junction temperature, and determining the turn-off loss and turn-on loss of a power tube in a mixed MMC sub-module and a calculation method of reverse recovery loss of an anti-parallel diode;
S2, determining the loss type of the mixed MMC according to bridge arm current of the mixed MMC sub-module and the quantity change quantity of the conducted sub-modules;
S3, determining the number of submodules required to be put into the mixed MMC at the current moment according to the modulated wave and the carrier wave of the improved carrier wave phase-shift modulation method, and determining the switching times of the mixed MMC according to the number of the submodules;
S4, determining the total switching loss of the mixed MMC according to the switching times and a loss calculation method corresponding to the loss type.
Preferably, in the step 1, the method for calculating the turn-off loss and turn-on loss of the power tube and the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode;
E off,Eon,Erec is the turn-off loss, turn-on loss and reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode of the power tube respectively; i ce,Vce is the current and voltage of the power tube, and V ce,rated is the rated voltage of the power tube; i f,VD is the reverse current and voltage of the diode, and V D,rated is the rated voltage of the power tube; e off1,Eoff2 is the turn-off loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2; e on1,Eon2 is the turn-on loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2; e rec1,Erec2 is the reverse recovery loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2, respectively.
Preferably, in step 2, the loss type of the hybrid MMC is determined according to the bridge arm current flowing through the bridge arm where the sub-module is located and the number of sub-modules required to be turned on at the current time and the last sampling time.
Preferably, the method for determining the loss type of the mixed MMC is as follows:
Wherein E sw is the switching loss corresponding to this case; e off,Eon,Erec is the turn-off loss, turn-on loss and reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode of the power tube respectively; i arm is the bridge arm current flowing through the bridge arm where the submodule is located; n and n pre are the number of sub-modules that need to be turned on at the current time and the last sampling time, respectively.
Preferably, the method for calculating the modulated wave of the improved carrier phase shift modulation method in step 3 is as follows:
wherein m is a voltage modulation degree, k is an adjustment coefficient of a modulation wave under an overmodulation working condition, and ω is fundamental wave angular frequency.
Preferably, the carrier wave adopted in the improved carrier phase shift modulation method in step 3is a triangular wave with a frequency of f c, and the expression is:
wherein N is the total modulation wave number; sign (x) is a sign function, and i is an integer division calculation flag.
Preferably, the calculating method of the number of the submodules in the step 3 is as follows:
preferably, the method for calculating the switching times of the mixed MMC includes the following steps:
Δn(t)＝n(t)-n(t-Δt)
Wherein, deltat is the calculation time interval for determining the switching times of the switch, and Deltat is required to be less than 1/f s.
Preferably, the method for calculating the total switching loss of the hybrid MMC in step 4 is as follows:
Wherein N arm is the number of bridge arms contained in the mixed MMC, and f is the period of output voltage; n sample is the number of samples per fundamental period.
A system for a switching loss calculation method of a hybrid modular multilevel converter includes,
The loss module is used for acquiring the relation between devices in the mixed MMC and current, voltage and junction temperature, and determining the turn-off loss and turn-on loss of a power tube in the mixed MMC sub-module and the calculation method of the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode;
the loss type determining module is used for determining the loss type of the mixed MMC according to the bridge arm current of the mixed MMC sub-module and the quantity of the conducted sub-modules;
The switching times module is used for determining the number of submodules required to be put into the mixed MMC at the current moment according to the modulated wave and the carrier wave of the improved carrier wave phase-shift modulation method and determining the switching times of the mixed MMC according to the number of the submodules;
and the total loss module is used for determining the total switching loss of the mixed MMC according to the switching times and the loss calculation method corresponding to the loss type.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
The invention provides a switching loss calculation method of a hybrid modular multilevel converter based on the improved working principle of a carrier phase shift modulation method and the working mode switching characteristics of a hybrid MMC submodule. The existing switching loss calculation method aiming at the MMC is mainly suitable for half-bridge MMC under the non-overmodulation working condition, the method is suitable for mixed MMC consisting of a half-bridge submodule and a full-bridge submodule, and the calculation method is suitable for the non-overmodulation working condition and the overmodulation working condition and has the advantage of wider application range. Meanwhile, the invention also proves that the method has high calculation accuracy and small error through a calculation example. In addition, compared with a switching loss calculation method based on a detailed electromagnetic transient simulation model, the calculation method provided by the invention has the advantages of high calculation speed and more suitability for complex systems with more submodules. The invention can provide accurate numerical reference basis with high calculation speed for parameter design and optimization of the mixed MMC applied to a new energy collection system and a direct current transmission system and device type selection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hybrid modular multilevel topology of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship among the operation mode, the current flow path and the current direction of the hybrid MMC submodule of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the distribution of simulation values and calculated values of the switching loss of the hybrid MMC under different voltage modulation degrees when the carrier frequency of the invention is 500 Hz;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing simulated and calculated values of the switching loss of the hybrid MMC at different voltage modulation levels for a carrier frequency of 1000 Hz.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate but do not limit the invention.
A switching loss calculation method of a hybrid modular multilevel converter comprises the following steps:
S1, acquiring the relation between devices in the mixed MMC and current, voltage and junction temperature, and determining the turn-off loss and turn-on loss of a power tube in a mixed MMC sub-module and a calculation method of reverse recovery loss of an anti-parallel diode.
The half-bridge submodule and the full-bridge submodule of the hybrid MMC are composed of a plurality of power tubes and anti-parallel diodes thereof, and the corresponding switching loss comprises the switching loss and the switching loss of the power tubes, the switching-on loss and the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diodes. Since the anti-parallel diode has a smaller value of conduction loss, only the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode is generally considered.
Based on a switching loss curve of the hybrid MMC, the turn-off loss and the turn-on loss of the power tube and the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode are obtained, and the expression is as follows:
E off,Eon,Erec is the turn-off loss, turn-on loss and reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode of the power tube respectively; i ce,Vce is the current and voltage of the power tube, and V ce,rated is the rated voltage of the power tube; i f,VD is the reverse current and voltage of the diode, and V D,rated is the rated voltage of the power tube; e off1,Eoff2 is the turn-off loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2; e on1,Eon2 is the turn-on loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2; e rec1,Erec2 is the reverse recovery loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2, respectively.
S2, determining the loss type of the hybrid MMC according to bridge arm currents of the hybrid MMC sub-modules and the number of the conducted sub-modules.
The relation between the working modes of the hybrid MMC inner half-bridge submodule and the full-bridge submodule, the current flow path and the current direction of the research object is shown in FIG. 2. The following switching loss expression can be obtained:
Wherein E sw is the switching loss corresponding to this case; e off,Eon,Erec is the turn-off loss, turn-on loss and reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode of the power tube respectively; i arm is the bridge arm current flowing through the bridge arm where the submodule is located; n and n pre are the number of sub-modules that need to be turned on at the current time and the last sampling time, respectively.
When the bridge arm current i arm is larger than 0 (i.e. flows into a port of the submodule) and the submodule is converted from a bypass mode to a positive input mode or from a negative input mode to a bypass mode, the switching action generated in the submodule is that the power tube is turned off; when the bridge arm current i arm is smaller than 0 (i.e. flows out of the port of the sub-module) and the sub-module is converted from the positive input mode to the bypass mode or from the bypass mode to the negative input mode, the switching action occurring inside the sub-module is also that the power tube is turned off, so that the switching loss expression corresponding to the situation is E sw＝Eoff, and i arm*(n-npre) >0.
When the bridge arm current i arm is larger than 0 (i.e. flows into a port of the submodule) and the submodule is converted from a positive input mode to a bypass mode or from the bypass mode to a negative input mode, the switching action generated in the submodule is that the power tube is turned on and the anti-parallel diode is turned off; when the bridge arm current i arm is smaller than 0 (i.e. flows out of the port of the sub-module) and the sub-module is converted from the bypass mode to the positive input mode or from the negative input mode to the bypass mode, the switching action occurring inside the sub-module is that the power tube is turned on and the anti-parallel diode is turned off, so that the switching loss expression corresponding to the above situation is E sw＝Eon+Erec, and i arm*(n-npre is <0.
S3, determining the number of submodules required to be put into the mixed MMC at the current moment according to the modulated wave and the carrier wave of the improved carrier wave phase-shift modulation method, and determining the switching times of the mixed MMC according to the number of the submodules.
The modulated wave expression adopted by the improved carrier phase shift modulation method is as follows:
Wherein m is a voltage modulation degree, which is the ratio of the voltage of the alternating current port of the mixed MMC to half of the voltage of the direct current port; k is an adjustment coefficient of a modulation wave under an overmodulation working condition, and k is usually 0.5; ω is the fundamental angular frequency, which is equal to 2 pi times the output voltage period.
The carrier wave adopted by the improved carrier phase-shift modulation method is triangular wave with frequency f c, and the expression is as follows:
Wherein U c,i is a carrier expression corresponding to the ith carrier; n is the total modulation wave number; sign (x) is a sign function, and when x is greater than 0, equal to 0 and less than 0, the values thereof are respectively equal to 1, 0 and-1; and I is an integer division calculation mark.
Based on the carrier wave and the modulated wave expression, the number of submodules required to be put into at the current moment can be calculated.
Calculating the switching times of the switch according to the number of the submodules:
Δn(t)＝n(t)-n(t-Δt)
Wherein, deltat is the calculation time interval for determining the switching times of the switch, and Deltat is required to be less than 1/f s.
S4, determining the total switching loss of the mixed MMC according to the switching times and the loss types.
The calculation method of the total switching loss of the mixed MMC comprises the following steps:
Wherein, N arm is the number of bridge arms contained in the mixed MMC, and for the three-phase mixed MMC, N arm takes on a value of 6; f is the period of the output voltage; n sample is the number of samples per fundamental period, which is equal to 1/(f×Δt).
Example 1
The invention also provides a system of the switching loss calculation method of the hybrid modular multilevel converter, which comprises a loss module, a loss type determining module, a switching frequency module and a total loss module.
The loss module is used for acquiring the relation between devices in the mixed MMC and current, voltage and junction temperature, and determining the turn-off loss and turn-on loss of a power tube in the mixed MMC sub-module and the calculation method of the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode;
the loss type determining module is used for determining the loss type of the mixed MMC according to the bridge arm current of the mixed MMC sub-module and the quantity of the conducted sub-modules;
The switching times module is used for determining the number of submodules required to be put into the mixed MMC at the current moment according to the modulated wave and the carrier wave of the improved carrier wave phase-shift modulation method and determining the switching times of the mixed MMC according to the number of the submodules;
and the total loss module is used for determining the total switching loss of the mixed MMC according to the switching times and the loss calculation method corresponding to the loss type.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a hybrid MMC inverter is taken as an example, and the error between the switching loss obtained by simulation and the calculation result of the method under different voltage modulation operating conditions is compared, so as to verify the feasibility of the method. The basic circuit parameters of the hybrid MMC inverter are shown in table 1. The number of the half-bridge submodules contained in each bridge arm is 4, and the number of the full-bridge submodules is 4.
Basic circuit parameter table 1 of hybrid MMC inverter
Referring to fig. 3, the simulation value and the calculation value of the switching loss of the hybrid MMC under different voltage modulation degrees are shown when the carrier frequency is 500 Hz. As can be seen from the figure, the calculation result of the switching loss calculation method provided by the invention is relatively close to the simulation result, and the accuracy of the method is verified.
Referring to fig. 4, the simulation value and the calculation value of the switching loss of the hybrid MMC under different voltage modulation degrees are shown when the carrier frequency is 1000 Hz. As can be seen from the figure, the calculation result of the switching loss calculation method provided by the invention is relatively close to the simulation result, and the accuracy of the method is verified.
The invention provides a method for calculating the switching loss of a hybrid modular multilevel converter, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the turn-off loss and the turn-on loss of a power tube and the calculation method of the reverse recovery loss of an anti-parallel diode based on a device manual. And then determining the loss type of the mixed MMC according to the bridge arm current of the mixed MMC sub-module and the quantity change quantity of the conducted sub-modules. Then the switching times of the switch are calculated through the comparison of the modulated wave and the carrier wave; and finally, calculating the switching loss of the mixed MMC based on the analysis. According to the invention, through the switching loss type analysis and the switching action quantity calculation, the switching loss rapid calculation of the mixed MMC is realized, and a certain research foundation can be provided for the junction temperature calculation, the heat dissipation design, the device selection and the reliability evaluation of the mixed MMC.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The switching loss calculation method of the hybrid modular multilevel converter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, acquiring the relation between devices in a mixed MMC and current, voltage and junction temperature, and determining the turn-off loss and turn-on loss of a power tube in a mixed MMC sub-module and a calculation method of reverse recovery loss of an anti-parallel diode;
S2, determining the loss type of the mixed MMC according to bridge arm current of the mixed MMC sub-module and the quantity change quantity of the conducted sub-modules;
S3, determining the number of submodules required to be put into the mixed MMC at the current moment according to the modulated wave and the carrier wave of the improved carrier wave phase-shift modulation method, and determining the switching times of the mixed MMC according to the number of the submodules;
S4, determining the total switching loss of the mixed MMC according to the switching times and a loss calculation method corresponding to the loss type.
2. The method for calculating the switching loss of the hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the turn-off loss and the turn-on loss of the power tube and the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode in the step 1;
E off,Eon,Erec is the turn-off loss, turn-on loss and reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode of the power tube respectively; i ce,Vce is the current and voltage of the power tube, and V ce,rated is the rated voltage of the power tube; i f,VD is the reverse current and voltage of the diode, and V D,rated is the rated voltage of the power tube; e off1,Eoff2 is the turn-off loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2; e on1,Eon2 is the turn-on loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2; e rec1,Erec2 is the reverse recovery loss corresponding to the junction temperature T 1,T2, respectively.
3. The method for calculating the switching loss of the hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the loss type of the hybrid MMC is determined according to the bridge arm current flowing through the bridge arm where the sub-module is located and the number of sub-modules required to be turned on at the current time and the last sampling time.
4. A method for calculating the switching loss of a hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 3, wherein the method for determining the loss type of the hybrid MMC is as follows:
Wherein E sw is the switching loss corresponding to this case; e off,Eon,Erec is the turn-off loss, turn-on loss and reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode of the power tube respectively; i arm is the bridge arm current flowing through the bridge arm where the submodule is located; n and n pre are the number of sub-modules that need to be turned on at the current time and the last sampling time, respectively.
5. The method for calculating switching loss of a hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating a modulation wave of the improved carrier phase shift modulation method in step 3 is as follows:
wherein m is a voltage modulation degree, k is an adjustment coefficient of a modulation wave under an overmodulation working condition, and ω is fundamental wave angular frequency.
6. The method for calculating the switching loss of a hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein in the improved carrier phase shift modulation method in step 3, the carrier wave is a triangular wave with a frequency of f c, and the expression is:
wherein N is the total modulation wave number; sign (x) is a sign function, and i is an integer division calculation flag.
7. The method for calculating the switching loss of a hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 6, wherein the method for calculating the number of sub-modules in step 3 comprises the following steps:
8. The method for calculating the switching loss of the hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 7, wherein the method for calculating the switching times of the hybrid MMC is as follows:
Δn(t)＝n(t)-n(t-Δt)
Wherein, deltat is the calculation time interval for determining the switching times of the switch, and Deltat is required to be less than 1/f s.
9. The method for calculating the switching loss of the hybrid modular multilevel converter according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the total switching loss of the hybrid MMC in step 4 is as follows:
Wherein N arm is the number of bridge arms contained in the mixed MMC, and f is the period of output voltage; n sample is the number of samples per fundamental period.
10. A system for performing the switching loss calculation method of the hybrid modular multilevel converter according to any of claims 1-9,
The loss module is used for acquiring the relation between devices in the mixed MMC and current, voltage and junction temperature, and determining the turn-off loss and turn-on loss of a power tube in the mixed MMC sub-module and the calculation method of the reverse recovery loss of the anti-parallel diode;
the loss type determining module is used for determining the loss type of the mixed MMC according to the bridge arm current of the mixed MMC sub-module and the quantity of the conducted sub-modules;
The switching times module is used for determining the number of submodules required to be put into the mixed MMC at the current moment according to the modulated wave and the carrier wave of the improved carrier wave phase-shift modulation method and determining the switching times of the mixed MMC according to the number of the submodules;
and the total loss module is used for determining the total switching loss of the mixed MMC according to the switching times and the loss calculation method corresponding to the loss type.
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