CN117986060A - Organic fertilizer suitable for camellia oleifera planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer suitable for camellia oleifera planting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117986060A CN117986060A CN202410188154.1A CN202410188154A CN117986060A CN 117986060 A CN117986060 A CN 117986060A CN 202410188154 A CN202410188154 A CN 202410188154A CN 117986060 A CN117986060 A CN 117986060A
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 title description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting and a preparation method thereof, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of microbial agent fertilizer, 4-6 parts of sawdust, 7-9 parts of rice bran, 5-9 parts of straw, 8-12 parts of mushroom residue and 30-35 parts of livestock manure. According to the invention, the inorganic fertilizer is coated by the bentonite-corn starch coating material, so that the slow release of the inorganic fertilizer is realized, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the composite microbial inoculum is sprayed on the surface of the coated particles, the organic fertilizer is mixed, the direct contact between the microbial inoculum and the inorganic fertilizer is avoided, and the carbon source can be provided by the decomposition of the coating material, so that the technical effect of prolonging the shelf life is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The camellia oleifera is also called as camellia oleifera, is a evergreen plant and is mainly distributed in mountains and hilly areas in the south of Yangtze river, seeds of the camellia oleifera can squeeze oil, and the camellia oleifera is one of four woody oil sources in the world, so that the camellia oleifera is widely cultivated for producing camellia oleifera, is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, is beneficial to human health, is high-quality edible oil, can also be used as industrial oil such as lubricating oil, and in addition, tea leaves of the camellia oleifera have certain medicinal value and are commonly used for stopping bleeding and detoxifying; the growth of plants is influenced by soil fertility, proper fertilization can provide the plants with required elements to promote the growth of the plants, and the application of phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer can promote the growth and development of seedlings; the organic fertilizer is prepared from natural organic matters serving as raw materials through fermentation, decomposition and other processes, mainly comprises animal manure, plant straw, vegetable slag, biogas slurry and the like, can improve the soil structure, increase the soil fertility, is beneficial to the balance of a soil ecosystem, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, is environment-friendly, and is beneficial to guaranteeing the quality and safety of agricultural products; the microbial inoculum fertilizer is a fertilizer added with a certain strain, contains a certain amount of beneficial microorganisms, can be symbiotic with plants, improves the utilization rate of the plants on inorganic fertilizers, and promotes the growth and development of the plants.
The prior art mainly has the following problems: 1. the traditional fertilizer is easy to run off after being applied, and the utilization rate is low; 2. excessive use of chemical fertilizers is prone to environmental damage; 3. the microbial inoculum fertilizer has short shelf life and poor use effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides the organic fertilizer suitable for camellia oleifera planting and the preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the traditional fertilizer is easy to run off and the utilization rate is low after application.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention provides an organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of microbial agent fertilizer, 4-6 parts of sawdust, 7-9 parts of rice bran, 5-9 parts of straw, 8-12 parts of mushroom residue and 30-35 parts of livestock manure.
Preferably, the microbial agent fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-19 parts of bentonite, 20-25 parts of corn starch, 80-100 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 110-130 parts of urea and 4.5-6.5 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the composite microbial inoculum is composed of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus in a ratio of 1:1.2-1.5:1.3-1.7.
Preferably, the preparation method of the microbial agent fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, adding a composite bacterial agent into water, and vibrating on a shaking table to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 3-5 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL;
S2, adding bentonite into water, dispersing to obtain a suspension, adding a silane coupling agent KH560 into the suspension, stirring and dispersing at a high speed of 900-1200rpm for 12min, stirring in a water bath at 70-80 ℃ for 5h, filtering, washing with distilled water for three times, adding absolute ethyl alcohol for ageing for 15-22h, vacuum drying, and activating at 100-115 ℃ for 1h to obtain modified bentonite;
s3, adding the modified bentonite obtained in the step S2 into a corn starch solution with the mass fraction of 5-6%, adding acetic acid with the mass fraction of 2% of the corn starch solution, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a composite coating material;
S4, respectively adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and urea into water, heating and stirring until the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the urea are completely dissolved, and obtaining an inorganic fertilizer solution;
s5, mixing the composite coating material obtained in the step S3 with the inorganic fertilizer solution obtained in the step S4, stirring in a water bath, and spray-drying to obtain a solid coated fertilizer;
S6, spraying the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the solid coated fertilizer obtained in the step S5 to form a biological bacterial film, and drying to obtain the microbial agent fertilizer.
Preferably, in S1, the shaking speed of the shaking table is 200-300rpm, and the shaking time is 30-50min;
preferably, in S2, the addition amount of the bentonite in water is 0.04-0.06g/mL;
preferably, in S2, the addition amount of the silane coupling agent KH560 in water is 0.8-1mg/mL;
preferably, in S3, the water bath is stirred at a speed of 150-200rpm and at a temperature of 55-65 ℃ for 3-6 hours;
Preferably, in S4, the water bath is stirred at a speed of 100-120rpm, at a temperature of 50-60℃for a period of 60-100min.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sawdust, rice bran, straw and mushroom residues into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and then adding livestock manure and mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
(2) Adding a composite microbial inoculum consisting of lactobacillus and bacillus and microzyme in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (1), enabling the total colony number to be more than or equal to 8 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/mL, continuously fermenting for 10-17h when the fermentation tank is sealed and fermented to 65 ℃, then performing throwing and cooling, and repeating for 3-5 times to obtain fermentation clinker;
(3) Drying the fermentation clinker obtained in the step 2 in the shade until the water content is 15-25%, and granulating by using a granulator to obtain organic fertilizer granules;
(4) And uniformly mixing the microbial agent fertilizer and the organic fertilizer particles to obtain the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: the bentonite is modified by a silane coupling agent KH560, si-OH generated by hydrolysis of the silane coupling agent is subjected to condensation reaction with Si-OH on the surface of the bentonite, grafted on the surface of the bentonite, and then the epoxy group is subjected to ring opening reaction with hydroxyl on corn starch, so that the corn starch is connected to the bentonite to coat the inorganic fertilizer, the coating density is improved, the mechanical property of the coating material is enhanced, the decomposition time is prolonged, and the effect of slow release of the inorganic fertilizer is achieved; corn starch is used as a composite coating material component, so that the microbial inoculum is sprayed on the surface of the solid coated fertilizer, and the carbon source can be provided for the composite microbial inoculum on the surface of the coating along with decomposition, so that the activity of the composite microbial inoculum is kept, and the shelf life is prolonged; bacillus licheniformis can produce plant hormone, promote plant growth, secrete a series of metabolites, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in soil, and bacillus megaterium is gram-positive bacteria and aerobic bacteria, is a decomposing bacteria of organic phosphorus, can decompose organic phosphorus to prepare phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose potassium, release soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and medium trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum and manganese, and the like, and phosphorus and potassium are two important nutritional elements in the growth process of tea-oil trees, so that bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus can efficiently decompose phosphorus and potassium to promote the content of phosphorus and potassium in activated state in soil, and promote the growth and high yield of tea-oil trees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of dissolution rate tests in water of fertilizer release experiments of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of soil dissolution rate tests of fertilizer release experiments of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the fertilizer shelf life experiments obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 3;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the increment of the heights of the culture experimental strains of example 1, comparative examples 1-3 and the control group according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the chlorophyll content of the culture experiments of example 1, comparative examples 1 to 3 and control group according to the present invention.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the present application. The preferred methods and materials described herein are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the application.
The experimental methods in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the test materials and test strains used in the examples described below, unless otherwise specified, were commercially available.
Example 1
The organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of microbial agent fertilizer, 4 parts of saw dust, 7 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of straw, 8 parts of mushroom residue and 30 parts of livestock manure;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of corn starch, 80 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 110 parts of urea and 4.5 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared from bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the proportion of 1:1.2:1.3.
The preparation method of the microbial agent fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, adding the composite bacterial agent into water, and oscillating on a shaking table at a speed of 200rpm for 30min to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid with an effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL;
S2, adding bentonite into water according to the addition amount of 0.04g/mL, dispersing to obtain a suspension, adding a silane coupling agent KH560 into the suspension according to the addition amount of 0.8mg/mL, stirring and dispersing at a high speed of 900rpm for 12min, stirring in a water bath at 70 ℃ for 5h, filtering, washing with distilled water for three times, adding into absolute ethyl alcohol, aging for 15h, vacuum drying, and activating at 100 ℃ for 1h to obtain modified bentonite;
s3, adding the modified bentonite obtained in the S2 into a corn starch solution with the mass fraction of 5%, adding acetic acid with the mass fraction of 2% of the corn starch solution, and stirring in a water bath at the speed of 150rpm and the temperature of 55 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a composite coating material;
S4, respectively adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and urea into water, heating and stirring until the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the urea are completely dissolved, and obtaining an inorganic fertilizer solution;
s5, mixing the composite coating material obtained in the step S3 with the inorganic fertilizer solution obtained in the step S4, stirring in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 60min at a speed of 100rpm, and spray-drying to obtain a solid coated fertilizer;
S6, spraying the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the solid coated fertilizer obtained in the step S5 to form a biological bacterial film, and drying to obtain the microbial agent fertilizer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sawdust, rice bran, straw and mushroom residues into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and then adding livestock manure and mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
(2) Adding a composite microbial inoculum consisting of lactobacillus and bacillus and microzyme in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (1), enabling the total colony number to be more than or equal to 8 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/mL, continuously fermenting for 10 hours when the fermentation tank is sealed and fermented to 65 ℃, then performing throwing and cooling, and repeating for 3 times to obtain fermentation clinker;
(3) Drying the fermentation clinker obtained in the step 2 in the shade until the water content is 15%, and granulating by using a granulator to obtain organic fertilizer granules;
(4) And uniformly mixing the microbial agent fertilizer and the organic fertilizer particles to obtain the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting.
Example 2
The organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of microbial agent fertilizer, 6 parts of sawdust, 9 parts of rice bran, 9 parts of straw, 12 parts of mushroom residue and 35 parts of livestock manure;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of bentonite, 25 parts of corn starch, 100 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 130 parts of urea and 6.5 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared from bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the proportion of 1:1.5:1.7.
The preparation method of the microbial agent fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, adding the composite bacterial agent into water, and oscillating on a shaking table at a speed of 300rpm for 50min to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid with an effective viable count of not less than 5 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL;
S2, adding bentonite into water according to the addition amount of 0.06g/mL, dispersing to obtain a suspension, adding a silane coupling agent KH560 into the suspension according to the addition amount of 1mg/mL, stirring and dispersing at a high speed of 1200rpm for 12min, stirring in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 5h, filtering, washing with distilled water for three times, adding into absolute ethyl alcohol, aging for 22h, vacuum drying, and activating at 115 ℃ for 1h to obtain modified bentonite;
S3, adding the modified bentonite obtained in the S2 into a corn starch solution with the mass fraction of 6%, adding acetic acid with the mass fraction of 2% of the corn starch solution, and stirring in a water bath at the speed of 200rpm and 65 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a composite coating material;
S4, respectively adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and urea into water, heating and stirring until the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the urea are completely dissolved, and obtaining an inorganic fertilizer solution;
s5, mixing the composite coating material obtained in the step S3 with the inorganic fertilizer solution obtained in the step S4, stirring in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 100min at the speed of 120rpm, and spray-drying to obtain a solid coated fertilizer;
S6, spraying the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the solid coated fertilizer obtained in the step S5 to form a biological bacterial film, and drying to obtain the microbial agent fertilizer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sawdust, rice bran, straw and mushroom residues into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and then adding livestock manure and mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
(2) Adding a composite microbial inoculum consisting of lactobacillus, bacillus and saccharomycete in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (1), enabling the total colony number to be more than or equal to 8 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/mL, continuously fermenting for 17 hours when the fermentation tank is sealed and fermented to the temperature of 65 ℃, and then performing throwing and cooling, and repeating for 5 times to obtain fermentation clinker;
(3) Drying the fermentation clinker obtained in the step 2 in the shade until the water content is 25%, and granulating by using a granulator to obtain organic fertilizer granules;
(4) And uniformly mixing the microbial agent fertilizer and the organic fertilizer particles to obtain the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting.
Example 3
The organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting comprises the following components in parts by weight: 59 parts of microbial agent fertilizer, 5 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of straw, 9 parts of mushroom residue and 32 parts of livestock manure;
The microbial agent fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of bentonite, 23 parts of corn starch, 90 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 120 parts of urea and 5.2 parts of composite microbial inoculum.
The composite microbial inoculum is prepared from bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the proportion of 1:1.3:1.5.
The preparation method of the microbial agent fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, adding the composite bacterial agent into water, and oscillating on a shaking table at a speed of 250rpm for 40min to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid with an effective viable count of more than or equal to 4 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL;
S2, adding bentonite into water according to the addition amount of 0.05g/mL, dispersing to obtain a suspension, adding a silane coupling agent KH560 into the suspension according to the addition amount of 0.9mg/mL, stirring and dispersing at a high speed of 1000rpm for 12min, stirring in a 75 ℃ water bath for 5h, filtering, washing with distilled water for three times, adding into absolute ethyl alcohol, aging for 18h, vacuum drying, and activating at 110 ℃ for 1h to obtain modified bentonite;
s3, adding the modified bentonite obtained in the step S2 into a corn starch solution with the mass fraction of 5.5%, adding acetic acid with the mass fraction of 2% of the corn starch solution, and stirring in a water bath at the speed of 170rpm and 60 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain a composite coating material;
S4, respectively adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and urea into water, heating and stirring until the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the urea are completely dissolved, and obtaining an inorganic fertilizer solution;
S5, mixing the composite coating material obtained in the step S3 with the inorganic fertilizer solution obtained in the step S4, stirring in a water bath at the speed of 110rpm and the temperature of 55 ℃ for 80min, and spray drying to obtain a solid coated fertilizer;
S6, spraying the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the solid coated fertilizer obtained in the step S5 to form a biological bacterial film, and drying to obtain the microbial agent fertilizer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sawdust, rice bran, straw and mushroom residues into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and then adding livestock manure and mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
(2) Adding a composite microbial inoculum consisting of lactobacillus and bacillus and microzyme in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (1), enabling the total colony number to be more than or equal to 8 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/mL, continuously fermenting for 14 hours when the fermentation tank is sealed and fermented to 65 ℃, then performing throwing and cooling, and repeating for 3-5 times to obtain fermentation clinker;
(3) Drying the fermentation clinker obtained in the step 2 in the shade until the water content is 20%, and granulating by using a granulator to obtain organic fertilizer granules;
(4) And uniformly mixing the microbial agent fertilizer and the organic fertilizer particles to obtain the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a fertilizer which differs from example 1 only in that all components do not contain coating materials, and the remaining components, component contents, are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a fertilizer differing from example 1 only in that bentonite among all components is not modified with a silane coupling agent KH560, and the remaining components and component contents are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a fertilizer which differs from example 1 only in that no corn starch is included in all components, the remaining components, component contents being the same as in example 1.
Experimental example
1. Fertilizer release test
And (3) testing the dissolution rate in water, namely taking the fertilizers obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3, filling the fertilizers into nylon bags, immersing the nylon bags in distilled water, taking out the immersion liquid at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ on days 1,3, 7, 14 and 28, measuring the nitrogen content in the solution, and calculating the dissolution rate in water of the fertilizers according to the following formula:
dissolution rate in fertilizer water = nitrogen content in solution/total nitrogen in fertilizer x 100%.
Testing soil dissolution rate, namely placing the fertilizers obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 into a non-woven fabric bag, placing the non-woven fabric bag into soil with a depth of about 5cm and a relative humidity of 30%, taking out the cloth bags on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28, cleaning the soil adhered to the cloth bags, drying and weighing, and calculating the soil dissolution rate of the fertilizers according to the following formula:
fertilizer soil dissolution rate= (mass before release of fertilizer-mass after release of fertilizer)/mass before release of fertilizer x 100%.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the dissolution rate tests of the fertilizer release test water of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, wherein the dissolution rates of the fertilizer release test water of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 are 62.6%, 63.3%, 60.8%, 100%, 77.6% and 83.1% respectively on day 28;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of soil dissolution rate tests of fertilizer release experiments of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 according to the present invention, wherein the soil dissolution rates of the fertilizers obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 are 50.1%, 49.3%, 51.6%, 100%, 66.9% and 79.2% on day 28, respectively;
on day 28, the dissolution rates of the water and the soil in the examples 1-3 are all lower than 80%, which accords with the national standard; the dissolution rate of the water and soil in examples 1-3 is obviously lower than that in comparative examples 1-3, and the decomposed fertilizer release of the coating material is increased along with the time, so that the use of the silane coupling agent and the corn starch prolongs the decomposition time of the coating material, reduces the dissolution rate of the fertilizer, can realize the growth requirement of crops, reduces the waste of the fertilizer, and has good slow release performance.
2. Shelf life experiment
Taking the fertilizers obtained in the comparative examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 3, preserving the fertilizers under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and avoiding light, detecting the effective viable count of the prepared fertilizers at 0d and 183d, and calculating the content reduction rate of the effective viable count according to the following formula:
effective viable bacteria reduction rate= (0 d effective viable bacteria count-183 d effective viable bacteria count)/0 d effective viable bacteria count×100%.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the fertilizer shelf life experiments obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 3; as shown in the figures, the effective viable bacteria reduction rates of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 3 are 23.1%, 25.3%, 23.6%, 66.4% and 43.9%, respectively, and the reduction rates of examples 1-3 are obviously lower than that of comparative example 1, so that the coating materials contribute to the activity maintenance of the strain, the reduction rates of examples 1-3 are obviously lower than that of comparative example 3, the use of corn starch in the coating materials contributes to the activity maintenance of the strain, the coating materials reduce the influence of high salt on the viable bacteria number, the corn starch provides a carbon source, the coating effect of the coating is improved, the decomposition time is prolonged, and the shelf life of the product is prolonged.
4. Culture experiments
Selecting a control field and a test field in the same area, wherein the control field is not applied with fertilizer, the test fields are respectively applied with fertilizer obtained in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-3, 50 camellia oleifera seedlings with basically consistent growth vigor are randomly selected in each test field, each group is used for measuring the plant height and analyzing the chlorophyll content to obtain an average value as a result, the plant height is measured again after 2 years, the chlorophyll content in the leaves is analyzed by using a chlorophyll analysis device, the average value is obtained as a result, and the plant height increment is calculated by the following formula:
Plant height increment = plant height after two years-initial plant height.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the plant height increment of the culture experiments of the example 1, the comparative examples 1-3 and the control group according to the present invention, wherein the plant height increment of the example 1, the comparative examples 1-3 and the control group is 27.4cm, 17.2cm, 22.9cm, 20.5cm and 14.3cm respectively;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the chlorophyll content of the culture experiments of example 1, comparative examples 1-3 and control group according to the present invention, wherein the chlorophyll content of example 1, comparative examples 1-3 and control group is 60.7%, 52.6%, 56.5%, 54.9% and 50.1%, respectively;
The plant height increment and chlorophyll content of example 1 were higher than those of comparative examples 1-3, and were both higher than those of the control group, demonstrating that the coating material contributed to the growth of camellia oleifera seedlings, and that the use of the silane coupling agent and corn starch also promoted the growth of camellia oleifera seedlings.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above with no limitation, and the invention is illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings as one of its embodiments, without limitation in practice. In summary, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that the invention can be practiced without the specific details disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. An organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting, which is characterized in that: comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of microbial agent fertilizer, 4-6 parts of sawdust, 7-9 parts of rice bran, 5-9 parts of straw, 8-12 parts of mushroom residue and 30-35 parts of livestock manure; the microbial agent fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-19 parts of bentonite, 20-25 parts of corn starch, 80-100 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 110-130 parts of urea and 4.5-6.5 parts of composite microbial inoculum; the composite microbial inoculum is composed of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megatherium and bacillus mucilaginosus in a ratio of 1:1.2-1.5:1.3-1.7.
2. A method for preparing the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sawdust, rice bran, straw and mushroom residues into a pulverizer, pulverizing and mixing, and then adding livestock manure and mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
(2) Adding a composite microbial inoculum consisting of lactobacillus and bacillus and microzyme in a ratio of 3:2:1 into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (1), enabling the total colony number to be more than or equal to 8 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/mL, continuously fermenting for 10-17h when the fermentation tank is sealed and fermented to 65 ℃, then throwing and turning over for cooling, and repeating for 3-5 times to obtain fermentation clinker;
(3) Drying the fermentation clinker obtained in the step 2 in the shade until the water content is 15-25%, and granulating by using a granulator to obtain organic fertilizer granules;
(4) And uniformly mixing the microbial agent fertilizer and the organic granular fertilizer to obtain the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting.
3. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the microbial agent fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, adding a composite bacterial agent into water, and vibrating on a shaking table to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 3-5 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/mL;
S2, adding bentonite into water, dispersing to obtain a suspension, adding a silane coupling agent KH560 into the suspension, stirring and dispersing at a high speed of 900-1200rpm for 12min, stirring in a water bath at 70-80 ℃ for 5h, filtering, washing with distilled water for three times, adding absolute ethyl alcohol for ageing for 15-22h, vacuum drying, and activating at 100-115 ℃ for 1h to obtain modified bentonite;
s3, adding the modified bentonite obtained in the step S2 into a corn starch solution with the mass fraction of 5-6%, adding acetic acid with the mass fraction of 2% of the corn starch solution, and stirring in a water bath to obtain a composite coating material;
S4, respectively adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and urea into water, heating and stirring until the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the urea are completely dissolved, and obtaining an inorganic fertilizer solution;
s5, mixing the composite coating material obtained in the step S3 with the inorganic fertilizer solution obtained in the step S4, stirring in a water bath, and spray-drying to obtain a solid coated fertilizer;
S6, spraying the mixed bacterial liquid obtained in the step S1 on the surface of the solid coated fertilizer obtained in the step S5 to form a biological bacterial film, and drying to obtain the microbial agent fertilizer.
4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in S1, the shaking speed of the shaking table is 200-300rpm, and the shaking time is 30-50min.
5. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in S2, the addition amount of the bentonite in water is 0.04-0.06g/mL.
6. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: in S2, the addition amount of the silane coupling agent KH560 in water is 0.8-1mg/mL.
7. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in S3, the water bath is stirred at the speed of 150-200rpm, the temperature of 55-65 ℃ and the time of 3-6h.
8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer suitable for oil tea planting according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: in S4, the water bath is stirred at the speed of 100-120rpm, the temperature of 50-60 ℃ and the time of 60-100min.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101913964A (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2010-12-15 | 山西农业大学 | Granular biological organic fertilizer |
| CN105061054A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-11-18 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Coated sustained-release fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN105622291A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 湖南泰谷生物肥料有限公司 | Tea-seed-containing biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN107382551A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 广西凌云县凌春农业商贸有限责任公司 | A kind of tea fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110437009A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-12 | 亳州司尔特生态肥业有限公司 | A kind of granular bioorganic fertilizer |
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- 2024-02-20 CN CN202410188154.1A patent/CN117986060A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101913964A (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2010-12-15 | 山西农业大学 | Granular biological organic fertilizer |
| CN105061054A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-11-18 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Coated sustained-release fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN105622291A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 湖南泰谷生物肥料有限公司 | Tea-seed-containing biological organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN107382551A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 广西凌云县凌春农业商贸有限责任公司 | A kind of tea fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110437009A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-12 | 亳州司尔特生态肥业有限公司 | A kind of granular bioorganic fertilizer |
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