CN117980420A - Radiation cooling paint with improved sunlight reflecting capacity - Google Patents
Radiation cooling paint with improved sunlight reflecting capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN117980420A CN117980420A CN202380013754.8A CN202380013754A CN117980420A CN 117980420 A CN117980420 A CN 117980420A CN 202380013754 A CN202380013754 A CN 202380013754A CN 117980420 A CN117980420 A CN 117980420A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims description 90
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
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- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radiation cooling coating, comprising the following components: the solar cell is composed of ceramic particles functioning as pigments (pigment), polymer resin functioning as binder, and solvent (solvent), and a coating film layer is formed after coating on a substrate, the coating film layer maximally reflecting incident sunlight and minimizing absorption, and the radiation (emision) of long-wave infrared rays corresponding to 8-13 μm is maximized to prevent inflow of energy from the incident sunlight and increase energy release due to the radiation of the long-wave infrared rays, thereby exhibiting a radiation cooling function, and the volume of bubbles (pore) formed inside the coating film layer may be 3-50% in order to increase reflection of the incident sunlight without reducing the radiation of the long-wave infrared rays.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a radiation-cooling coating material having improved solar light reflection capability, and more particularly, to a radiation-cooling coating material which prevents inflow of energy from incident solar light by increasing the reflection capability of the incident solar light and which exerts a radiation-cooling function by improving release of energy emitted by long-wave infrared rays.
Background
Generally, it is necessary to use energy for cooling, and a widely used cooling apparatus such as a refrigerator, an air conditioner, etc. performs cooling using a principle of compressing a refrigerant by converting electric energy (compressor) into mechanical energy and then absorbing heat generated when the compressed refrigerant expands.
That is, in order to achieve cooling that moves heat from a low temperature to a high temperature, energy should be used.
However, radiation cooling is a new technology that can cool without consuming energy by exchanging heat with the outside of the earth's atmosphere through a spontaneous process called infrared radiation that does not use energy, rather than around the cooling body.
That is, radiation-based heat exchange from the cooling body to outside the earth's atmosphere is achieved by heat radiation (infrared radiation) as a spontaneous process that does not require energy.
When approaching a hot object, heat is felt even if the surrounding air is not hot, which is the conduction of thermal energy by radiation.
The heat radiation is a heat transfer method that can be performed even without direct contact with a heat source or through a medium substance, and the heat transfer is performed by releasing electromagnetic waves, so that no medium is required and the heat is conducted to astronomical distance at the speed of light.
All objects above absolute temperature (0K) have thermal energy and emit thermal radiation, where the emitted radiation energy is determined by the temperature, surface area and surface properties of the object.
The core of zero-energy-consumption radiation cooling is that incident sunlight is not absorbed and reflected to the maximum extent, and heat energy of an object is effectively released outside an earth atmosphere.
For this purpose, the energy of the object is discharged in the long-wave infrared (also called the sky window) region of 8 μm to 13 μm wavelength that is not absorbed by the earth's atmosphere.
Infrared rays having wavelengths other than 8 μm to 13 μm are absorbed by carbon dioxide, water vapor, and the like in the atmosphere during passage through the earth's atmosphere, and heat transfer between an object on the earth's surface and the space is not generated.
For radiation cooling, infrared rays should be emitted well, and for this purpose, physical properties capable of absorbing infrared rays to be emitted well should be possessed.
In particular, some materials should control light absorption, reflection, transmission, and radiation well independently in each wavelength band in order to obtain a lower temperature than the surroundings by performing radiation cooling also during daytime when there is sunlight.
In most cases, the main heat source is incident sunlight, the sunlight reaches in the form of Ultraviolet (UV) -visible light-near infrared, and in order to realize cooling by daytime radiation, the sunlight should be reflected to the maximum extent and not absorbed to the maximum extent, so that heat caused by the sunlight is blocked to the maximum extent, and heat possessed by the sunlight itself should be well radiated in the form of infrared on the surface.
If a larger amount of heat energy than the energy of the incoming solar light can be emitted in this way, the solar light can be cooled to a lower temperature than the surrounding without consuming energy.
As a simple example, in the daytime when sunlight is irradiated, the temperature inside a black automobile that is liable to absorb light is liable to rise, but in the case of a white automobile that is relatively less liable to absorb and reflect light, the temperature is relatively less liable to rise.
If the surface of the automobile does not absorb and reflects light of a wavelength band of ultraviolet-visible light-near infrared rays to the greatest extent, i.e., incident sunlight, while discharging a larger amount of energy of the automobile than that which flows in by failing to 100% reflect the sunlight by emitting infrared rays of 8 μm to 13 μm which are not absorbed by the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of the automobile can be cooled to a lower temperature than the surrounding temperature.
All the objects radiate their own energy to the outside in the form of light, in which case the wavelength band of the radiated light is determined by the surface temperature of the object.
The reason why the sun emits light in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared wavelength band to the outside is that the surface temperature of the sun reaches 6000 ℃.
An object having a surface temperature of several tens of degrees celsius (c) emits a long-wave infrared ray having a wavelength of several to several tens of micrometers (e.g., 5 μm to 100 μm) to the outside.
When a material for suppressing emission of long-wave infrared rays or re-reflecting emitted light is applied to the surface of an object, heat loss due to the emission of long-wave infrared rays is reduced, and heat is preserved.
This phenomenon has been applied to winter clothing, and also, if the surface is liable to cause infrared radiation, the object is liable to cause heat release by heat radiation.
In addition to nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, a small amount of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the like exist in the earth's atmosphere, and the water vapor and carbon dioxide gas absorb a part of the wavelength of long-wave infrared rays reflected to the earth's exterior to suppress radiation to the outside.
A typical example is the "greenhouse effect", which is that the higher the concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere, the more the release of long-wave infrared rays emitted from the earth into the universe is hindered, and the temperature of the earth increases because heat cannot be released from the earth into the universe.
However, long-wave infrared rays in a wavelength band of 8 μm to 13 μm commonly called an atmospheric window region are not absorbed by the earth atmosphere but easily emitted outside the earth atmosphere.
For reference, the temperature of the space is-270 ℃ close to absolute temperature 0K, and long-wave infrared radiation from the earth surface with a surface temperature of tens of degrees celsius to the space is a natural phenomenon of heat movement.
Radiation cooling is better caused if a material releases its own thermal energy well in the long wave infrared in the wavelength band of 8 μm to 13 μm, known as the atmospheric window region.
In order to achieve sufficient solar light reflection, the conventional radiation cooling materials (devices) in the form of paint require a thick film thickness and a low binder content (high ceramic particle content).
To prepare the radiation-cooled coating, ceramic particles of appropriate physical properties should be screened by selecting the particle size to maximize light scattering.
Materials are selected that have a high refractive index in the solar bandgap and a high extinction coefficient (extinction coefficient k) in the atmospheric window region.
Even if the mie scattering (MIE SCATTERING) is maximized by size adjustment of ceramic particles and screening of substances having a high refractive index in the band gap of the incident sunlight (ultraviolet-visible rays-near infrared rays (UV-vis-NIR)), the radiation cooling power and hiding power of the radiation cooling coating are limited at low thickness of the coating film layer due to limited light scattering.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem
The invention aims to provide the following radiation cooling paint: the formation of bubbles in the inside of the paint film layer reduces the thickness of the paint film layer required for achieving radiation cooling performance, reduces the coating workability and the coating difficulty of the radiation cooling paint, and can cause light scattering more actively in the inside of the radiation cooling paint.
The invention aims to provide the following radiation cooling paint: excellent radiation cooling performance is exhibited even at a small thickness, and there is no need to apply the paint to a thick thickness, thereby having excellent coating operability.
The invention aims to provide the following radiation cooling paint: the coating film layer has excellent radiation cooling performance even in the case of increasing the binder content due to effective light scattering caused by bubbles, and the binder content is increased to improve the durability of the coating film layer.
The invention aims to provide the following radiation cooling paint: the solar radiation device has high cooling radiation capacity no matter day and night, and is applied to a structure or a building arranged outdoors, so that the absorption of incident sunlight is minimized even in the daytime when the sunlight is intense, and the radiation cooling performance is well maintained through the heat release of long-wave infrared radiation.
The invention aims to provide a radiation cooling paint for solving the problem that the temperature of equipment is increased due to internal heat accumulation when a data center, communication equipment, relay equipment and the like are arranged outdoors.
Technical proposal
The radiation cooling coating according to an embodiment of the present invention is composed of ceramic (pigment) particles, a polymer resin (binder) and a solvent (solvent), and is applied on a substrate to form a coating layer that reflects incident sunlight to the maximum and minimizes absorption, and at the same time, prevents inflow of energy from the incident sunlight and increases emission of energy based on the long-wave infrared rays by maximizing emission (emision) corresponding to 8 to 13 μm, thereby exhibiting a radiation cooling function, and in order to increase reflection of the incident sunlight without reducing the long-wave infrared rays, a volume of bubbles (pore) formed inside the coating layer may be 3% to 50%.
The paint film layer is formed by treating the ceramic fine particles to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic according to the solvent, and homogeneously mixing the ceramic fine particles with the polymer binder to form the bubbles on the surfaces of the ceramic fine particles, thereby forming a combination of the ceramic fine particles and the bubbles.
The binder may increase the reflection of the incident sunlight so as not to decrease the long-wave infrared radiation at least one of the interfaces between the ceramic fine particles and the air bubbles and the interfaces between the air bubbles and the polymer binder, and may decrease at least one of the thickness of the paint film layer and the content of the ceramic fine particles as the volume of the air bubbles increases.
The ceramic fine particles may include at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO 2), aluminum oxide (Al 2O3), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2), silicon dioxide (SiO 2), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), barium sulfate (BaSO 4), magnesium oxide (MgO), yttrium oxide (Y 2O3), yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia (YSZ), beryllium oxide (BeO), manganese oxide (MnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum nitride (AlN), and at least one of polymer fine particles of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE).
The size of the ceramic fine particles and the bubbles may be 0.1 μm to 5 μm.
The ceramic fine particles are selected by considering the refractive index and extinction coefficient for the incident sunlight and the extinction coefficient for the long-wave infrared rays.
The polymer resin may include at least one of polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, acrylate resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), acrylic resin, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), and fluorine-based resin.
The weight ratio of the ceramic particles to the polymer resin is x:1, and x may be 0.15 to 3.
The thickness of the paint film layer may be 300 μm or less.
The radiation-cooled coating of an embodiment of the present invention may further comprise at least one additive of a dispersant (conditioning agent) and a photoinitiator (photoinitiator) in order to improve the handleability of the coating.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
The present invention can provide the following radiation-cooled paint: the formation of bubbles in the inside of the paint film layer reduces the thickness of the paint film layer required for achieving radiation cooling performance, reduces the coating workability and the coating difficulty of the radiation cooling paint, and can cause light scattering more actively in the inside of the radiation cooling paint.
The present invention can provide the following radiation-cooled paint: excellent radiation cooling performance is exhibited even at a small thickness, and there is no need to apply the paint to a thick thickness, thereby having excellent coating operability.
The present invention can provide the following radiation-cooled paint: the coating film layer has excellent radiation cooling performance even in the case of increasing the binder content due to effective light scattering caused by bubbles, and the binder content is increased to improve the durability of the coating film layer.
The present invention can provide the following radiation-cooled paint: the solar radiation device has high cooling radiation capacity no matter day and night, and is applied to a structure or a building arranged outdoors, so that the absorption of incident sunlight is minimized even in the daytime when the sunlight is intense, and the radiation cooling performance is well maintained through the heat release of long-wave infrared radiation.
The invention can provide a radiation cooling paint for solving the problem that the temperature of equipment is increased due to internal heat accumulation when a data center, communication equipment or relay equipment is arranged outdoors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining the concept of a radiation-cooled device and a radiation-cooled paint.
Fig. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining a radiation cooling paint having improved solar light reflection ability according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4a and 4b are diagrams for explaining optical characteristics of the radiation-cooled paint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an electron micrograph illustrating a radiation-cooled coating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various embodiments of the present specification are described below with reference to the drawings.
The examples and the terms used therein should not be construed to limit the technology described in this specification to the particular embodiments, but rather should be construed to include various modifications, equivalents and/or alternatives to the relevant examples.
In the description of the various embodiments described below, when it is judged that a specific description of related known functions or constructions may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Also, the terms described below are terms defined in consideration of functions in various embodiments, and may be different according to the intention of a user, an operator, a convention, or the like. Accordingly, the definition should be determined based on the contents throughout the present specification.
Similar reference numerals may be used for similar structural elements in connection with the description of the drawings.
Where the context does not clearly indicate the singular expression may include plural expressions.
In this specification, "a or B" or "at least one of a and/or" may include all possible combinations of the listed items.
The expressions "first", "second" or "first" or "second" etc. may be modified irrespective of the order or importance of the relevant structural elements, and are used only to distinguish one structural element from other structural elements, not to limit the relevant elements.
When it is referred to that a certain (e.g., a first) structural element is "connected" or "joined" to another (e.g., a second) structural element (in a functional or communicative manner), it may mean that the certain structural element is directly connected to the other structural element or connected through the other structural element (e.g., a third structural element).
In the present specification, "make up (set) to (configured to)" may be used interchangeably (interchangeably) with terms such as "suitable to", "having to capability", "changing to", "preparing to", "being able to perform to", "designing to" and the like in hardware or software, for example.
In some cases, "device is configured to" means that the device can "along with other devices or accessories.
For example, the phrases "processor is configured (or set) to perform A, B and C" may refer to a special purpose processor (e.g., an embedded processor) for performing the relevant operations or a general purpose processor (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or an application processor (application processor)) that executes one or more software programs stored in a memory device to perform the relevant operations.
Further, "or" means an inclusive logical or "compatible or (inclusive or)" as compared with an exclusive logical or "exclusive or".
That is, unless otherwise defined or the context clearly indicates, the expression "x uses a or b" indicates any of inclusive natural permutations (natural inclusive permutations).
The terms "… section", "… device" and the like are used below to refer to units of processing at least one function or operation, which may be implemented in hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software.
Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining the concept of a radiation-cooled device and a radiation-cooled paint.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a radiation-cooled device formed using an existing radiation-cooled coating that achieves radiation-cooled performance in relation to the radiation-cooled coating of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a radiation-cooled device (100) fabricated using a radiation-cooled coating of the prior art is illustrated.
The radiation cooling device (100) includes a paint coating layer (120) formed on a substrate (110), the paint coating layer (120) being formed based on a radiation cooling paint composed of ceramic particles (121) functioning as pigments, ceramic particles (122), a polymer resin functioning as a binder, and a solvent.
While radiation-cooled coatings are limited by light scattering only at the interface of polymer binders having a refractive index different from that of ceramic particles, various forms of radiation-cooled devices have been investigated.
Initially, a radiation cooling device in the form of a multilayer thin film deposited on a substrate was proposed. In order to reflect incident sunlight, a silver (Ag) thin film is deposited on a substrate, and a multilayer thin film of a material that is transparent to incident sunlight and can well absorb and emit long-wave infrared rays is laminated thereon to construct a device.
A radiation cooling device in the form of a polymer film in which a silver thin film for solar reflection is deposited on one surface of the polymer film and ceramic fine particles for long-wave infrared radiation are dispersed in the film is also proposed.
Both devices use a specular reflection (specular reflection) that uses a metal film such as silver to reflect incident sunlight like a mirror in order to reflect the incident sunlight.
Instead of specular reflection, white scattering with an appearance other than specular reflection may be used to scatter light of all wavelengths of the incident sunlight, and radiation cooling may be performed by not absorbing the incident sunlight and totally reflecting it.
In particular, the white scattering reflection does not use an expensive silver film, so that the manufacturing cost is low, the performance reduction phenomenon of the product caused by the degradation of the silver film does not occur, the service life of the product is prolonged, and the method is more suitable for manufacturing radiation cooling devices.
In order to effectively cause white diffuse reflection, ceramic particles having a size similar to the wavelength to be reflected are required, and an adhesive material connecting such particles is also required, and a polymer material is very suitable for the adhesive material.
The polymer is easy to mass produce and low in cost, and can adjust physical properties in various ways, so that the polymer is very competitive.
Therefore, if the polymer is used to construct a zero-energy radiation cooling device, various products can be manufactured at low cost, and there are many advantages in that the processability is good.
Many polymer resins and ceramic particles have high emissivity in the region corresponding to their own atmospheric window of 8 μm to 13 μm, are transparent to incident sunlight, and are not easily absorbed.
The white radiation cooling device can be produced by combining only such materials, and can be realized as a radiation cooling device in the form of a "coating" in the form of a polymer resin combined with ceramic particles.
That is, a plurality of polymer resins and ceramic fine particles are dissolved and dispersed in a solvent, and the coating material is a general form.
Such a coating material is a radiation-cooled coating material, if it is applied (coated) on various surfaces to form a coating film that reflects incident sunlight to the greatest extent and minimizes absorption and maximizes radiation of long-wave infrared rays of 8 μm to 13 μm for radiation cooling.
The radiation-cooled coating material has an advantage over various radiation-cooled devices in that a coating film is formed by coating on any surface on which the coating material can be applied, and the formed coating film is radiation-cooled, thereby enabling various applications.
Fig. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining a radiation cooling paint having improved solar light reflection ability according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 and 3 illustrate radiation-cooled coatings that form bubbles inside the coating film layer of the coating material according to an embodiment of the present invention and enhance light scattering by the bubbles.
Fig. 2 illustrates a case where only any one of a plurality of ceramic particles is generated as a binder in a radiation-cooled device formed using a radiation-cooled coating material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
On the other hand, fig. 3 illustrates a case where a plurality of ceramic particles all generate a bond in a radiation-cooled device formed using a radiation-cooled coating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
For example, the binder can enhance reflection of incident sunlight at least one of the interfaces between the ceramic fine particles and the air bubbles and the interfaces between the air bubbles and the polymer binder in such a manner that long-wave infrared radiation is not reduced, and at least one of the thickness of the coating film layer and the content of the ceramic fine particles can be reduced as the volume of the air bubbles increases.
For example, the binder may be a combination of ceramic particles and bubbles.
Referring to fig. 2, a radiation-cooled device (200) of an embodiment of the present invention is formed from a radiation-cooled paint.
The radiation-cooled paint is composed of ceramic particles functioning as pigments, a polymer resin functioning as a binder, and a solvent, and is applied to a substrate (210) to form a paint film layer (220).
The ceramic particles may include first ceramic particles (221) and second ceramic particles (222).
The ceramic particles may include at least one of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, hexagonal boron nitride, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide, beryllium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride, and may include at least one polymer particle of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
The first ceramic particles (221) and the second ceramic particles (222) may be different from each other among the above-mentioned ceramic particulate matters.
For example, the ceramic particles may have a size of 0.1 μm to 5 μm.
The ceramic particles may be selected in consideration of refractive index and extinction coefficient for incident sunlight and extinction coefficient for long-wave infrared rays.
In the case of radiation-cooled coatings, ceramic particles that scatter light and polymer bonds that bond these ceramic particles are required in order to effectively reflect incident sunlight.
In this case, if the refractive index between the ceramic fine particles and the polymer is larger, light scattering is promoted more, and thus scattering reflection is more effectively caused.
For efficient radiation cooling, 90% or more of incident sunlight should be reflected, the concentration of ceramic particles that scatter reflected incident light should be high, and the thickness of a coating layer formed of a combination of ceramic particles and a polymer should be a prescribed thickness or more.
If the coating layer formed of the combination of the ceramic fine particles and the polymer is uniformly present in the bubbles (223) of similar size of the ceramic fine particles, light is refracted due to a high refractive index difference in the boundary between the bubbles (223) and the polymer combination, and the bubbles and the ceramic fine particles to promote light scattering, so that the thickness of the coating layer for reflecting 90% of incident sunlight can be reduced, and the concentration of the ceramic fine particles can be reduced.
In general, the lower the content of ceramic fine particles, the more advantageous the preparation of the coating, and the thinner the coating film thickness of the coating film layer of the coating is.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the paint film layer (220) maximally reflects incident solar light and minimizes absorption, and simultaneously, performs a radiation cooling function by maximizing emission of long-wave infrared rays corresponding to 8 to 13 μm to prevent inflow of energy from the incident solar light and increasing release of energy by the emission of the long-wave infrared rays.
In order to enhance reflection of incident sunlight without reducing long-wave infrared radiation, the volume of bubbles (223) formed in the paint coating layer (220) may be 3% or more and 50% or less.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the paint film layer (220) treats the ceramic particles to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic according to a solvent, and is homogeneously mixed with a polymer binder to form bubbles (223) on the surfaces of the ceramic particles, so that a combination (224) of the second ceramic particles (222) and the bubbles can be formed.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the paint film layer (220) of the radiation cooling device (200), when the air bubble (223) is above a specific volume, the scattering of the incident sunlight can be promoted to totally reflect light, but if the volume fraction of the air bubble is too large, the mechanical properties of the film layer can be reduced.
Light scattering in the radiation cooling device (200) formed of the radiation cooling coating occurs at the interface between the ceramic fine particles and the polymer conjugate, the interface between the ceramic fine particles and the air bubbles, and the interface between the air bubbles and the polymer conjugate, and the thickness of the coating film layer for prescribed amount of light scattering reflection can be reduced or the content of the ceramic fine particles required can be reduced as compared with the case without the air bubbles.
Referring to fig. 3, a radiation cooling device (300) of an embodiment of the present invention is formed from a radiation cooling paint.
The radiation-cooled paint is composed of ceramic particles functioning as pigments, a polymer resin functioning as a binder, and a solvent, and is applied to a substrate (310) to form a paint film layer (320).
The ceramic particles may include first ceramic particles (321) and second ceramic particles (322).
The ceramic particles may include at least one of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, hexagonal boron nitride, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide, beryllium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride, and may include at least one polymer particle of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
The first ceramic particles (321) and the second ceramic particles (322) may be different from each other among the above-mentioned ceramic particulate matters.
For example, the ceramic particles may have a size of 0.1 μm to 5 μm.
The ceramic particles may be selected in consideration of refractive index and extinction coefficient for incident sunlight and extinction coefficient for long-wave infrared rays.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the radiation-cooled paint for forming the paint film layer (320), the polymer resin may include at least one of polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, acrylate resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, acrylic resin, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, fluorine-based resin.
The weight ratio of the ceramic particles to the polymer resin is x:1, and x can be 0.15 to 3.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the radiation-cooled coating may be a radiation-cooled coating which further enhances light scattering by means of gas bubbles (323).
For example, the size of the air bubbles (323) may be 0.1 μm to 5 μm.
As an example, the paint film layer (320) is formed by mixing bubbles (323) in a similar size to ceramic particles to promote light reflection, and high light reflection and radiation cooling performance can be achieved even if the content of ceramic particles in the radiation cooling paint is reduced.
That is, the radiation-cooling paint forms a paint coating layer by mixing bubbles having a size similar to that of ceramic particles, whereby high light reflection and radiation cooling performance can be achieved even if the content of ceramic particles is reduced.
Light scattering of the radiation-cooled coating of an embodiment of the present invention occurs at the interface between the ceramic particles and the polymer conjugate, the interface between the ceramic particles and the air bubbles (323), and the interface between the air bubbles (323) and the polymer conjugate, and the thickness of the coating film layer for prescribed amount of light scattering reflection can be reduced or the content of the ceramic particles required can be reduced as compared with the case without the air bubbles (323).
Polymer particles such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and the like, and ceramic fine particles such as titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, hexagonal boron nitride, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide, beryllium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, and the like, polyurethane resin, fluorine-based resin, polyethylene resin, polyacrylate resin, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinyl chloride, and the like, are not absorbed and effectively reflect incident sunlight (ultraviolet-visible light-near infrared rays), and can have a high degree of absorption (radiation) in the entire region of the atmospheric window region of 8 μm to 13 μm, and thus have a radiation cooling function.
The mixture is homogenized by a solvent used as a solvent, and thus a paint form that can be easily applied to various surfaces is provided.
The polymer particles and the ceramic particles have refractive indices different from each other with the polymer resin, and the absorption of incident sunlight is reduced and the reflection is improved by scattering the incident light.
The substrate (210) or the substrate (310) may be a surface of an apparatus that is provided outdoors and has heat accumulated therein, such as a data center, a communication apparatus, or a relay apparatus.
Accordingly, the present invention can provide a radiation-cooled paint for solving the problem of the temperature rise of equipment due to the heat accumulation in the interior when the data center, the communication equipment, the relay equipment, etc. are installed outdoors.
Ceramic particles include not only single particles but also core-shell (coreshell) particles composed of different kinds of ceramic materials or hollow (hollow) particles with an empty interior.
When bubbles are added, light scattering occurs at the interfaces between the polymer binder and the bubbles, and between the ceramic particles and the bubbles, in addition to the interfaces between the ceramic particles and the polymer binder, as compared with the case where bubbles are simply formed only by the ceramic particles and the polymer binder (bond), thereby further promoting light scattering.
The refractive index of the ceramic fine particles is about 2.0 or more, the refractive index of the polymer binder is 1.4 to 1.6, and the refractive index of the bubbles is 1.0, so that light scattering by the bubbles can be more effectively formed.
The mechanical properties, gloss, drying properties, dispersibility of polymer (ceramic) particles, and the like of the coating film can be improved by adding a photoinitiator, a thermal initiator, a dispersant, or the like to a polymer resin such as a polyurethane resin, a fluorine-based resin, a polyethylene resin, a polyacrylate resin, a polydimethylsiloxane, a polyvinyl chloride, or the like.
Thus, in order to improve the handleability of the coating, the radiation-cooled coating may further comprise at least one additive of a dispersant and a photoinitiator.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the paint film layer (320) may be formed to 300 μm or less.
If the content of the polymer binder is increased, that is, if the content of the ceramic fine particles is decreased, there is a problem that reflection of sunlight is decreased and sunlight transmission is increased.
But generally the higher the content of polymeric binder, the more improved the handling of the coating and the more aesthetically pleasing the surface of the coating film.
The reduction of the minimum film thickness required to achieve radiation cooling performance means that it is necessary to reduce the coating operability and the coating difficulty of the radiation cooling coating.
For this reason, light scattering should be made to occur more actively inside the radiation-cooled coating.
In order to achieve adequate reflection of incident sunlight in a reduced thickness of the paint film layer (320), the radiation cooling device (300) of an embodiment of the present invention may trigger additional light scattering in addition to the scattering of ceramic particles and polymer binder of the existing radiation cooling paint.
To this end, the radiation-cooled coating of an embodiment of the present invention distributes bubbles of a size similar to that of the ceramic particles inside the coating film layer (320) by forming the first and second bonds (324, 325), so that light scattering also occurs between the bubbles and the ceramic particles, and between the bubbles and the polymer binder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first bonding agent (324) may be a bonding agent of the first ceramic particles (321) and the bubbles (323), and the second bonding agent (325) may be a bonding agent of the second ceramic particles (322) and the bubbles (323).
The bubbles have a refractive index of 1.0, and a large difference from the refractive index of the polymer binder and the ceramic fine particles, and light scattering occurs very effectively around the bubbles, and a sufficiently high solar reflectance and a low solar transmittance can be provided even in the paint film layer (320) formed with a thin thickness.
Even if a small amount of bubbles are contained, the emissivity of the air window area is not affected at all.
More specifically, when bubbles (323) are present in the paint film layer (320), light is actively scattered, and thus light cannot reach the deep portion of the paint film layer (320) and is reflected.
However, in the absence of bubbles, light scattering is reduced to allow light to reach deep in the coating layer, more absorbing particles are encountered to increase absorption, and reflection is reduced.
Compared with the radiation cooling paint of the prior invention or the commercial heat insulation (heat resistance), the radiation cooling paint of an embodiment of the invention reduces the absorption of incident sunlight, maximizes reflection, promotes the radiation of infrared rays of 8-13 μm, and has more excellent radiation cooling performance.
In order to increase reflection of incident sunlight and reduce absorption, first bonds (324) and second bonds (325) including bubbles (323) are uniformly distributed inside the paint film layer (320).
Light scattering is promoted by the influence of bubbles existing in the paint coating layer (320), reflection of incident light is increased, light cannot reach the deep part of the coating layer, and scattering reflection is formed on the upper part of the coating layer, so that absorption is reduced.
In order to generate bubbles in the paint film layer (320), in the case of a water-soluble paint in which the solvent is water, the ceramic fine particle surfaces are formed into hydrophobic (lipophilic) surfaces, and when the ceramic fine particles are mixed with the polymer binder and the solvent to be homogenized, bubbles are formed on the ceramic fine particle surfaces.
Similarly, in the case of an oil-based paint in which the solvent is an oil component, the ceramic fine particles are formed to have a hydrophilic (oleophobic) surface, and when the ceramic fine particles are homogenized by mixing with the polymer binder and the solvent, air bubbles are formed on the surfaces of the ceramic fine particles.
Thus, the operation of the surface of the ceramic fine particles can be performed on part or all of the ceramic fine particles, and can be performed on part or all of the types of the ceramic fine particles, and the concentration of the bubbles can be adjusted in this manner.
In general, ceramic particles are naturally hydrophilic, and such ceramic particles may be treated with a solution in which stearic acid (STEARIC ACID) is dissolved to modify the surface properties to be hydrophobic.
In order to effectively scatter and reflect incident sunlight, the radiation-cooled coating may be a material having a refractive index that is greatly different from that of the polymer resin functioning as the binder.
That is, since a material having a high refractive index value and a band gap energy (band gap) value are selected, a material transparent to incident sunlight is selected.
Accordingly, the present invention may provide the following radiation-cooled coating: the formation of bubbles in the inside of the paint film layer reduces the thickness of the paint film layer required for achieving radiation cooling performance, reduces the coating workability and the coating difficulty of the radiation cooling paint, and can cause light scattering more actively in the inside of the radiation cooling paint.
And, the present invention can provide the following radiation-cooled paint: the coating composition also exhibits excellent radiation cooling performance even in a thin thickness, and can be used without coating a thick thickness, thereby having excellent coating operability.
Fig. 4a and 4b are diagrams for explaining optical characteristics of the radiation-cooled paint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4a illustrates the invention in comparison with the prior art by correlating the reflectivity (reflection) in the optical properties of a radiation-cooled coating according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 4a, a graph (400) compares the reflectivity of a sample (401) of a radiation-cooled paint according to the present invention in which a paint film layer is formed in the presence of air holes with a sample (402) of the related art.
Fig. 4b illustrates the invention in comparison with the prior art by correlating the absorbance (absorption) in the optical properties of a radiation-cooled coating according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 4b, a graph (410) compares the absorptivity of a sample (411) of the radiation-cooled paint according to the present invention, in which a paint film layer is formed in such a manner that air holes exist, with a sample (412) of the related art.
In connection with plot (400) and plot (410), yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ, yttria-stabilized zirconia) particles having a particle size of 0.4 μm to 0.6 μm were mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene polymer binder to prepare radiation cooled coatings, one coupon was prepared with low stirring at a speed of 1000rpm and the other coupon was prepared with high stirring at a speed of 2000 rpm.
The results of measuring the optical properties after coating two test pieces of the radiation-cooled coating thus prepared onto a substrate are shown in graph (400) and graph (410). Among them, the test piece stirred at a low speed corresponds to the sample (401) and the sample (411) related to the present invention, and the test piece stirred at a high speed corresponds to the sample (402) and the sample (412) related to the prior art.
As shown in the graph (400) and the graph (410), it was confirmed that the sample (401) and the sample (411) showed high reflectance and low absorptance in the entire area of the incident solar light, compared to the sample (402) and the sample (412).
It was confirmed that the presence of bubbles in the samples (401) and (411) promoted light scattering and increased reflection, and that relatively few bubbles in the samples (402) and (412) failed to effectively generate light scattering, and that reflection due to light scattering was reduced and light was more deeply penetrated into the paint film layer, thereby showing an increase in absorbance.
Thus, the present invention can provide the following radiation-cooled paint: the coating film layer has excellent radiation cooling performance even in the case of increasing the binder content due to effective light scattering caused by bubbles, and the binder content is increased to improve the durability of the coating film layer.
And, the present invention can provide the following radiation-cooled paint: the solar radiation device has high cooling radiation capacity no matter day and night, and is applied to a structure or a building arranged outdoors, so that the absorption of incident sunlight is minimized even in the daytime when the sunlight is intense, and the radiation cooling performance is well maintained through the heat release of long-wave infrared radiation.
Fig. 5 is a view of an electron micrograph illustrating a radiation-cooled coating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 illustrates an electron micrograph of a radiation-cooled coating according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 5, a first electron micrograph (500) shows that in the case of preparing a radiation-cooled coating material in which bubbles are present by low-speed stirring, a particulate aggregate (agglomerate) of about 20 μm is observed.
On the other hand, in the second electron micrograph (510), the above-mentioned aggregates were not observed in the test piece from which the bubbles were removed, which was prepared by high-speed stirring.
As shown in the first electron micrograph (500) and the second electron micrograph (510) which are high-power electron micrographs, the bubble-removed paint test piece prepared by high-speed stirring showed less observed bubbles corresponding to empty spaces behind the particles than the bubble-present test piece prepared by low-speed stirring.
It was confirmed that both test pieces showed similar atmospheric window area reflectivities of up to 94% to 95%, while the test pieces stirred at low speed showed high reflectivities to incident sunlight, showing high radiant cooling capacities exceeding 100W.
The screening and composition of ceramic particles of the radiation-cooled coating according to an embodiment of the present invention has a sufficiently high refractive index and low extinction coefficient in sunlight and a high extinction coefficient in an atmospheric window region, thereby also having high sunlight reflection, low sunlight transmission, and high atmospheric window region emission at low thickness.
For example, the radiation cooling power can be increased by using a radiation cooling coating material having physical properties of a refractive index of 1.7 or more and a band gap (band gap) of 5eV or more at a visible light wavelength of 550 nm.
For example, the radiation-cooled coating may be a powder (powder) form of the coating substance.
In order to improve the handleability of the radiation-cooled coating, various additives (e.g., dispersants, photoinitiators, etc.) may be added.
The performance of the coating layer can be improved by adding a transparent top coat (top coat) to the top of the coating layer formed from the radiation-cooled coating.
A lower coating layer, an intermediate coating layer, and the like may be added to the lower portion of the coating film layer formed of the radiation-cooled coating material to improve the bonding force with the substrate.
The radiation cooling coating of the embodiment of the invention can replace the existing coating to be applied to buildings, containers, antenna boxes (boxes), cooling towers, oil (water) conveying pipes, automobiles, helmets and the like, and can be applied to all product groups needing cooling.
The radiation-cooled paint is similar to the conventional paint in terms of its constituent materials, and thus can be realized by modifying a part of the forming materials.
In the above embodiments, the constituent elements included in the present invention are expressed in the singular or plural in the disclosed embodiments.
However, the above-described embodiments are not limited to the components in the singular or the plural, and the components in the plural may be configured in the singular or the plural, as appropriate, for convenience of description.
On the other hand, in the description of the invention, although the description is related to the specific embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the limits not departing from the scope of the technical ideas included in the various embodiments.
The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not by the appended claims, but by the equivalents of the claims to be presented.
Claims (10)
1. A radiation cooling paint is characterized in that,
Comprises ceramic particles serving as pigment, polymer resin serving as binder and solvent, and is coated on a substrate to form a coating layer,
The paint film layer maximally reflects incident sunlight and minimizes absorption, and simultaneously, maximizes emission of long-wave infrared rays corresponding to 8-13 μm to prevent inflow of energy from the incident sunlight and increase energy release based on the emission of the long-wave infrared rays, thereby exhibiting a radiation cooling function, and the volume of bubbles formed in the paint film layer is 3-50% in order to increase reflection of the incident sunlight without reducing the emission of the long-wave infrared rays.
2. The radiation-cooled paint according to claim 1, wherein the paint film layer is formed by treating the ceramic fine particles to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic according to the solvent, and homogeneously mixing the ceramic fine particles with the polymer binder to form the bubbles on the surfaces of the ceramic fine particles, thereby forming a combination of the ceramic fine particles and the bubbles.
3. The radiation-cooled paint according to claim 2, wherein the binder increases the reflection of the incident sunlight in at least one of the interfaces between the ceramic fine particles and the air bubbles and the interfaces between the air bubbles and the polymer binder so as not to reduce the long-wave infrared radiation, and at least one of the thickness of the paint film layer and the content of the ceramic fine particles is reduced as the volume of the air bubbles increases.
4. The radiation cooling coating of claim 1 wherein the ceramic particles comprise at least one of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, hexagonal boron nitride, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, yttria stabilized zirconia, beryllium oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, and at least one polymer particle comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
5. The radiation-cooled coating of claim 4, wherein the size of said ceramic particles and said bubbles is from 0.1 μm to 5 μm.
6. The radiation-cooled coating of claim 4, wherein said ceramic particles are selected by taking into account the refractive index and extinction coefficient for said incident sunlight and the extinction coefficient for said long-wave infrared light.
7. The radiation-cooled coating of claim 1, wherein said polymer resin comprises at least one of polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, acrylate resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, acrylic resin, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, and fluorine-based resin.
8. The radiation-cooled coating of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of said ceramic particles to said polymer resin is x:1 and x is from 0.15 to 3.
9. The radiation cooling paint according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the paint film layer is 300 μm or less.
10. The radiation-cooled coating according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additive of a dispersant and a photoinitiator in order to improve the operability of the coating.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2022-0069730 | 2022-06-08 | ||
| KR1020230072233A KR20230168974A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-06-05 | Radiative cooling paint with improved solar reflection |
| KR10-2023-0072233 | 2023-06-05 | ||
| PCT/KR2023/007724 WO2023239140A1 (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-06-07 | Radiative cooling paint having improved solar reflectivity |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117980420A true CN117980420A (en) | 2024-05-03 |
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| CN202380013754.8A Pending CN117980420A (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-06-07 | Radiation cooling paint with improved sunlight reflecting capacity |
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| CN (1) | CN117980420A (en) |
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