CN117977770A - Lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion - Google Patents
Lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
According to the lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion, the characteristic expression of charge and discharge control of each battery string in the current capacity expansion mode is expressed by fine granularity of the battery capacity change rate in a unit voltage interval, and then the relationship between the mutual influence between the battery capacity change rate and the internal resistance in the unit voltage interval with the characteristic expression of the charge and discharge control with fine granularity is measured by a balance factor, so that the internal resistance is taken as a consideration factor to be included in the battery management in the serial-parallel capacity expansion scene, the management effect on batteries in the serial-parallel capacity expansion mode is improved, and the charge and discharge states of a multi-battery system can be optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a lithium battery management method aiming at charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion.
Background
The management content of the battery management in the serial-parallel capacity expansion scene generally comprises the charge-discharge management of the batteries after serial and parallel capacity expansion, the control of the input and output voltages of a power converter (such as a DC/DC power converter), the control of the upper limit of charge or lower limit of discharge voltage of the battery modules after capacity expansion, the adjustment of the output voltages of a plurality of battery modules to be consistent, and the like. For the capacity expansion scene, in the existing scheme, charge and discharge management (such as charge equalization or discharge equalization for each battery module) is generally performed by a power converter based on charge and discharge data after expansion or before and after expansion (mainly including input voltage and output voltage collected by each battery module after expansion or before and after expansion by the power converter). However, in different capacity expansion scenarios, the influence of the same battery module on the internal resistance change of the overall battery after capacity expansion is usually different, for example, in an a capacity expansion scenario, the battery module 1 and the battery module 2 are connected in series, the internal resistances of the two battery modules in the a capacity expansion scenario are assumed to be r, the internal resistance of the overall battery is 2r, and at this time, the influence of the internal resistance of the battery module 1 on the overall battery can be expressed as r/2r and is 50%. In the B capacity expansion scene, the battery module 1 and the battery module 2 are connected in parallel, and the internal resistance of the whole battery in the B capacity expansion scene is r/2, so that the influence of the internal resistance of the battery module 1 on the whole battery is the ratio of r to r/2, and the ratio is 200%. When the serial-parallel connection relation of each battery module in the whole battery is more complex, the internal resistance influence relation of the battery modules on the whole battery is more various, and particularly when each single battery in the battery modules is used, the internal resistance influence relation of the single battery on the whole battery is more complex.
Different internal resistances of the battery consume different energies. In the non-series-parallel capacity expansion scenario, the kinds of the influence relations of the internal resistances of the battery modules on the whole battery are single, so that the internal resistances of the battery modules in the whole battery are usually ignored when the battery management is performed. However, in the serial-parallel capacity expansion scene, the internal resistance influence relationship of the battery module on the whole battery is more various, and if the various internal resistance influence relationship is ignored, the battery management effect is directly influenced. However, in the serial-parallel capacity expansion scenario, how to take the internal resistance into the battery management as an important consideration, and the existing method lacks effective technical means.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at taking the internal resistance as a consideration factor into battery management under the serial-parallel capacity expansion scene and improving the battery management effect, and provides a lithium battery management method aiming at charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a to-be-evaluated balance factor between the battery capacity change rate and the internal resistance in a unit voltage interval of a battery pack string in a current capacity expansion mode, and acquiring a historical balance factor of the current capacity expansion mode;
s2, judging whether the deviation degree of the balance factor to be evaluated and the historical balance factor exceeds a deviation degree threshold preset for the battery pack string,
If yes, backtracking to obtain a charging or discharging control correction parameter of the battery string, and then turning to step S3;
If not, maintaining the charge or discharge control of the battery string by using the control parameters before backtracking;
and S3, the power converter controls the charging or discharging state of the battery pack string in the current capacity expansion mode according to the control correction parameter.
Preferably, in step S1, the method for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated includes the steps of:
a1, determining single batteries serving as reference objects for battery health calculation in the battery pack string;
a2, calculating the health degree of each single battery in the battery pack string;
a3, further calculating the abnormal rate of the internal resistance of the single battery with drifting health degree;
a4, carrying out weighted summation on the health degree and the internal resistance abnormality rate of the same associated single battery to obtain a balance factor to be evaluated of the single battery;
and A5, calculating an average value of the balance factor to be evaluated corresponding to each single battery in the battery string as the balance factor to be evaluated of the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode.
Preferably, in step A1, the single battery having reached an interval unit voltage with the shortest charge duration or discharge duration is determined as the reference object for battery health calculation.
Preferably, in step A2, the method for calculating the health degree includes the steps of:
A21, taking each single battery in the battery pack string to reach a unit voltage at intervals as a data acquisition triggering condition, and acquiring charge and discharge data and a charge and discharge control data sequence of each single battery;
A22, intercepting a plurality of subsequences with the data interception length from the charge and discharge control data sequences associated with each single battery remained in the battery string according to the number of elements in the charge and discharge control data sequences associated with the reference object;
a23, calculating a ratio average value of the battery available capacity variation amount and the differential pressure variation amount of each sub-sequence associated with the same single battery, and then calculating an average value of the ratio average values of the sub-sequences, wherein the average value is defined as a ratio average value;
And A24, calculating the absolute value of the difference between the average value of the ratio and the battery capacity change rate in the unit voltage interval of the reference object as the health degree of the single battery.
Preferably, in step a21, the charge-discharge data includes a charge current or a discharge current, a charge duration or a discharge duration, a battery usable capacity change rate, a first battery usable capacity and a second battery usable capacity of the unit battery corresponding to a start time and a stop time of the unit voltage interval, respectively, and a first battery voltage and a second battery voltage corresponding to each, respectively, for each of the unit batteries, and a historical internal resistance calculated for each of the unit batteries in the battery string in the last same expansion mode for the battery string,
The charge and discharge control data sequence is a data sequence obtained by sequencing the charge duration or discharge duration, the acquisition time point voltage and/or the acquisition time point current of the current data acquisition time point which is acquired by the single battery successively from the last data acquisition time point according to the sequence of each data acquisition time point in the unit voltage interval;
and the collection frequency of the charge and discharge control data of each single battery in the battery pack string is the same.
Preferably, in step a22, the method of intercepting the subsequence is as follows:
Taking each element in the data interception object as the first element which is ordered at the first position in the subsequence, intercepting the first element arranged after and continuous in the data interception object The elements form the subsequence until the last element in the subsequence is intercepted as the last same element in the charge and discharge control data sequence of the data intercepting object per se,/>Representing the data interception length.
Preferably, in step a23, the method for calculating the ratio average value includes the steps of:
A231, extracting two elements which are arranged continuously from the subsequence to form element combinations, and then acquiring charge and discharge control data corresponding to each element in each element combination;
A232 calculating a ratio of a battery usable capacity variation amount and a differential pressure variation amount from a first data collection timing of a first element to a second data collection timing of a second element in the element combinations, based on the charge and discharge control data acquired for each of the element combinations;
A233, calculating the average value of the ratios respectively corresponding to the element combinations extracted from the same subsequence as the average value of the ratios.
Preferably, in step A3, when an absolute value of a difference between the degree of health of the single battery and a battery capacity change rate within a unit voltage interval of the reference object exceeds a preset degree of health threshold, it is determined that the single battery drifts;
in step A3, the method for calculating the internal resistance abnormality rate includes the steps of:
a31, taking the health degree with drift as an independent variable of an internal resistance fitting function constructed for the same single battery in the last same capacity expansion mode of the current capacity expansion, and solving a value of the dependent variable as an internal resistance predicted value of the single battery with the drift of the health degree in the current capacity expansion mode;
a32, judging whether the predicted internal resistance value exceeds a preset internal resistance value boundary, wherein the internal resistance value boundary is an upper limit value and a lower limit value of a dependent variable which are solved by the single battery serving as the reference object according to the internal resistance fitting function in the last same capacity expansion mode,
If yes, judging that the internal resistance of the single battery is abnormal, then acquiring the historical internal resistance calculated by adopting an alternating current injection method on the single battery after the charge and discharge control is completed in the same capacity expansion mode at the last time, and then turning to the step A33;
If not, terminating the internal resistance abnormal rate calculation flow;
A33, calculating the ratio of the absolute value of the difference value of the predicted internal resistance value and the historical internal resistance of the same single battery and the historical internal resistance as the internal resistance abnormality rate.
Preferably, in step S2, the method for backtracking the control correction parameter includes the steps of:
s21, judging whether the parameters for solving the balance factors to be evaluated comprise the internal resistance abnormality rate or not under the judgment of yes in the step S2,
If yes, determining each single battery in the battery string, for which the internal resistance abnormality rate is not calculated, as a backtracking object of the control correction parameter, and then turning to step S22;
If not, extracting the front order for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated from small to large The single batteries corresponding to the individual health degrees are used as the backtracking objects of the control correction parameters, and then step S22 is carried out;
s22, obtaining a ratio average value of each retrospective object, wherein the ratio average value is one parameter for calculating the health degree of the retrospective object;
s23, calculating the ratio average value of each backtracking object in all the backtracking objects as the control correction parameter for the backtracking objects;
and S24, the power converter distributes the correction amount calculated for the battery string to the corresponding backtracking object according to the duty ratio.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The effect of charge and discharge control on each battery string in the current capacity expansion mode is reflected through the battery capacity change rate, the characteristic expression of charge and discharge control on each battery string in the current capacity expansion mode is expressed by the fine granularity of the battery capacity change rate in a unit voltage interval, and then the relationship between the battery capacity change rate and the internal resistance in the unit voltage interval with the fine granularity of the charge and discharge control expression characteristic is measured by a balance factor, so that the internal resistance is taken as a consideration factor to be included in the battery management in the serial-parallel capacity expansion scene, and the management effect on the battery in the serial-parallel capacity expansion mode is improved.
2. Taking the average value of the ratio as the basis for calculating the health degree of the single battery, and taking the characteristic feature of the relationship between the change amount of the available capacity of the single battery and the change amount of the pressure difference during each data acquisition interval in the interval unit voltage range of the single battery into consideration. In the state of the change of the available capacity of the single battery, the change of the pressure difference is directly influenced by the internal resistance of the single battery, so that the influence of the change of the internal resistance on the health degree of the single battery in different capacity expansion modes is reflected on a time segment during each data acquisition interval in the interval range of interval unit voltage, the relation characteristic between the change of the available capacity of the single battery and the change of the pressure difference is expressed by a ratio average value, and the specific quantification of the expression characteristic is realized.
3. The term coefficient of the internal resistance fitting function constructed in the step A31 is obtained by fitting data to the health degree of the single battery and the actual internal resistance in each data acquisition interval period (time segment) in the interval unit voltage, the characteristic of the relationship between the internal resistance and the health degree of the single battery is represented by refining the time segment in the interval unit voltage as granularity, then the characteristic relationship between the internal resistance and the health degree of the single battery is reflected to the battery strings step by step, the relationship of the mutual influence between the battery capacity change rate and the internal resistance of the same or different battery strings in the unit voltage interval in the same or different capacity expansion modes is reflected, then the backtracking object is identified through the characteristic relationship after step by step amplification, and after the charge and discharge control parameters of the backtracking object are adjusted, the charge and discharge control mode is adjusted to the backtracking object, and the management effect of the battery is improved.
4. When the charge and discharge control correction is carried out on the backtracking object, the digestion capacity or the response capacity of the health degree of the backtracking object in the current capacity expansion mode to the correction quantity of the power converter, which is made for the whole battery string, is considered, so that each single battery can quickly respond to the charge and discharge correction control of the power converter to the battery string in the self health state, and the charge and discharge management effect of the battery is improved. The digestion capacity of the retrospective object on the correction amount is characterized by the ratio (duty ratio) of the sum value of the ratio average value calculated in the earlier stage and the ratio average value of all the retrospective objects, and the calculation process of the digestion capacity of the retrospective object on the correction amount is simpler and the response speed is faster because the ratio average value is calculated when the health degree is calculated, and the efficiency of battery management is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a step diagram of implementing a lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of an integral battery.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the apparatus or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so that the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meanings of the terms described above may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the term "coupled" or the like should be interpreted broadly, as it may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally formed, as indicating the relationship of components; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between the two parts or interaction relationship between the two parts. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a to-be-evaluated balance factor between the battery capacity change rate and the internal resistance in a unit voltage interval of a battery pack string in a current capacity expansion mode, and acquiring a historical balance factor of the current capacity expansion mode;
Fig. 2 shows an example diagram of an overall battery, in which 4 battery strings 1 are assumed, each battery string is connected to a power converter, and the power converter is used to collect and regulate input and output voltages of the battery strings, and the power converter is connected to an external power source or load. The battery string 1 illustrated in fig. 2 may capacity expand the entire battery in a serial or parallel capacity expansion manner with one or more of the other remaining 3 battery strings. For example, the battery string 1 in fig. 2 is operated, the remaining 3 battery strings are not operated, and the mode is defined as a capacity expansion mode; the battery string 1 and the battery string 2 are in parallel operation, the rest 2 battery strings are not in operation, and the mode is defined as a B capacity expansion mode; the battery string 1 and the battery string 3 are operated in series, and the remaining 2 battery strings are not operated, and this mode is defined as a C-expansion mode or the like.
The following describes a method for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated of the battery string in step S1, taking the a capacity expansion mode, that is, only the battery string 1 in fig. 2 operates as the current capacity expansion mode as an example:
first, the meaning of the rate of change of the battery capacity in the unit voltage interval is explained. Taking the example of charging the battery string, assume that the battery string is slave Time of day charge to/>At that time, when the voltage of the battery string changes by 1 unit voltage, the battery string is at/>Battery Capacity at time and/>The difference of the battery capacity at the moment is the battery capacity change rate of the battery string in the unit voltage interval.
In step S1, the method for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated of the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode specifically includes the steps of:
A1, determining a single battery serving as a reference object for calculating the battery health degree in a battery pack string, wherein the determining method comprises the following steps:
And determining the single battery with the shortest charge duration or discharge duration reaching the interval unit voltage as a reference object for calculating the battery health degree. For example, when constant current charge control is performed on a battery string, a single battery having the shortest charge duration, through which a unit voltage of a charging interval passes, is used as a reference object for battery health calculation. If the battery string is subjected to constant current discharge, the method for determining the reference object for calculating the battery health degree is the same as the method for determining the reference object by constant current charging, and is not repeated.
A2, calculating the health degree of each single battery in the battery string, wherein the calculating method specifically comprises the following steps:
a21, taking each single battery in the battery string as a data acquisition triggering condition when each single battery reaches a unit voltage interval, and acquiring charge and discharge data and a charge and discharge control data sequence of each single battery;
for example, in the a-expansion mode, the battery string 1 shown in fig. 2 has 4 single cells, and during constant current charging of the battery string, it is assumed that The moment is the starting moment of collecting the data for calculating the health degree, thenStarting at the moment, starting to collect data for calculating the health degree of the 4 single batteries, calculating charge and discharge data according to the collected data, and then when the power supply is in/>At the moment, when all the single batteries are charged to reach a unit voltage, the triggering condition for data acquisition for calculating the health degree is satisfied, and then the battery is charged at/>And acquiring a charge and discharge control data sequence acquired for each single battery at any time, and analyzing and calculating the obtained charge and discharge data according to the charge and discharge control data sequence.
The charge and discharge control data sequence is a data sequence obtained by sequencing the elapsed charge time or discharge time, the voltage of the acquisition time and/or the current of the acquisition time of the last data acquisition time from the current data acquisition time which is acquired by the single battery in sequence according to the sequence of each data acquisition time in the unit voltage interval. For example, assuming constant current charging is performed for a certain cell, when data acquisition for health calculation is performed for the cell, the data is acquired from the acquisitionTime (starting time) reaches the end of acquisition over 6 acquisition time points/>Time (off time), slave/>Time to/>At this time, the single battery is exactly one unit of charging voltage apart. The 6 acquisition time points are assumed to be/>, respectively, according to the sequence、、/>、/>、/>、/>The formed charge and discharge control data sequence for the single battery can be expressed as:，/> represents the lower/>, of the single battery Battery voltage, and/or charging current, and/or slave/>, acquired at a momentTime of day is passed/>The charging time period of the moment.
Here, in order to reduce the calculation complexity of the balance factor, it is preferable that the collection frequency of the charge/discharge control data of each unit cell in the battery string is the same.
The charge-discharge data includes a charge current or a discharge current, a charge duration or a discharge duration, a battery available capacity change rate, a first battery available capacity and a second battery available capacity of the single battery corresponding to a start time and a stop time of the single battery at a unit voltage interval, a first battery voltage and a second battery voltage corresponding to the single battery, and a historical internal resistance calculated for each single battery in the battery string in the same capacity expansion mode of the battery string last time.
Here, it should be noted that, in the same capacity expansion mode at the last time, the historical internal resistance calculated for each unit cell of the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode is obtained in order to obtain the internal resistance abnormality rate, which is another variable used for calculating the balance factor later. And calculating the historical internal resistance by adopting an alternating current injection method, calculating the internal resistance of each single battery in the battery string by adopting the alternating current injection method after the charge and discharge management of the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode is finished, and then storing the internal resistance as one item of data content of the charge and discharge data of the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode. And then used as the historical internal resistance when the battery string is expanded in the same capacity expansion mode next time.
After the data for calculating the health degree is obtained in the step a21, the step of calculating the health degree is transferred to:
a22, intercepting a plurality of subsequences with the data intercepting length from the charge and discharge control data sequence associated with each single battery remained in the battery string by using the element number in the charge and discharge control data sequence associated with the reference object, wherein the intercepting method specifically comprises the following steps:
Taking each element in the data interception object as the first element in the subsequence, intercepting the first element in the data interception object, wherein the first element is arranged behind and continuous The elements form a sub-sequence until the last element sequenced in the sub-sequence is intercepted, the same element sequenced in the charge and discharge control data sequence of the data intercepting object itself is intercepted,Representing the data intercept length.
For example, assume that the data intercept object is expressed asThe subsequence intercepted by the data interception object according to the data interception rule comprises: /(I)、/>、/>、、/>。
A23, calculating the ratio average value of the battery available capacity variation and the pressure difference variation of each sub-sequence associated with the same single battery, then calculating the average value of the ratio average values of the sub-sequences, and positioning the average value as the ratio average value;
the ratio average is calculated by the following method steps:
A231, extracting two elements with continuous sequences from the subsequence to form element combinations, and then acquiring charge and discharge control data corresponding to each element in each element combination;
A232, calculating the ratio of the battery available capacity variation and the pressure difference variation from the first data acquisition time point of the first element to the second data acquisition time point of the second element in the element combination according to the charge and discharge control data acquired for each element combination;
A233, calculating the average value of the ratios respectively corresponding to the element combinations extracted from the same subsequence as the average value of the ratios.
In sub-sequencesFor example, calculate/>Acquiring a first available capacity of the single battery at the time point, acquiring a first battery voltage acquired at the time point, and calculating/>Collecting a second available capacity of the single battery at the time point, obtaining a second battery voltage collected at the time point, solving an absolute value of a difference value between the second battery voltage and the first battery voltage as a differential pressure variation, calculating an absolute value of a difference value between the second available capacity and the first available capacity as an available capacity variation of the single battery, and calculating a secondary/>Acquisition of time passes to/>The ratio of the available capacity change amount to the differential pressure change amount at the acquisition time point. In addition, calculate/>, in the same mannerAcquisition of time passes to/>Ratio of acquisition time points,/>Acquisition of time passes to/>The ratio of the time points is collected, and then the average of all the ratios is calculated as the ratio average.
After calculating the average value of the ratio of the single batteries, the health degree calculation is transferred to the steps:
And A24, calculating the absolute value of the difference between the average value of the ratio and the battery capacity change rate in the unit voltage interval of the reference object as the health degree of the single battery.
After the calculation of the health degree of each single battery in the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode is completed, in step S1, the method for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated is transferred to the step:
a3, further calculating the abnormal rate of the internal resistance of the single battery with drifting health degree;
the method for judging whether the health degree of the single battery drifts comprises the following steps: and when the interpolation absolute value of the battery capacity change rate in the unit voltage interval of the single battery and the reference object exceeds a preset health degree threshold value, judging that the single battery drifts.
The calculation method of the internal resistance abnormality rate specifically comprises the following steps:
A31, taking the health degree with drift as an independent variable of an internal resistance fitting function constructed for the same single battery in the last capacity expansion mode of the current capacity expansion, and solving the value of the dependent variable as an internal resistance predicted value of the single battery with the drift of the health degree in the current capacity expansion mode;
For example, the capacity expansion mode of the current capacity expansion is to perform charge and discharge control, such as charge control, on the battery string 1 shown in fig. 2 alone in the period of 10:00 a.m. to 10:20 a.m. of 22 days of 3 months. The last time period in which the same capacity expansion mode is performed for this battery string 1 is, for example, a period of 8:10-8:40 a.m. on day 22 of 3 months. For this period of 8:10-8:40 am on the historic 3 month 22 day, for a certain cell in the battery string 1 in the same capacity expansion mode The built internal resistance fitting function is expressed as/>, for example，/>Is term coefficient,/>Obtaining a term coefficient/>, according to a data pair formed by the actual internal resistance and the health degree of the single battery in the history period, through curve fitting by the fitting function。
The actual internal resistance of the single battery is preferably measured by an ac injection method in this embodiment. In each time segment, alternating current injection is carried out on the single battery, so that the internal resistance of the single battery in the time segment is measured. It should be noted that the time slice is a time slice between two data acquisition time points within the interval unit voltage, and is not the above-mentioned exemplary 8:10-8:40 time period. In addition, if the internal resistance measurement is performed on each time segment of the single battery in each interval unit voltage through the alternating current injection method in each capacity expansion mode, the charging or discharging process of the single battery can be disturbed, the internal resistance measurement and analysis calculation processes are troublesome, the fitting construction of the internal resistance fitting function is troublesome every time, and the internal resistance fitting function is objectively not performed. Therefore, in this embodiment, for the same battery string, in the multiple times of the same capacity expansion mode of the history, only one time of function fitting construction is needed to be selected in the multiple times of the same capacity expansion mode of the history. However, in order to ensure the accuracy of function fitting, the histories of the same expansion mode preferably define a time range for a plurality of times, for example, the histories are selected for 1 month, and the battery string is constructed according to a function in the same expansion mode at a certain time.
A32, judging whether the predicted internal resistance value exceeds a preset internal resistance value boundary, wherein the internal resistance value boundary is the upper limit value and the lower limit value of a dependent variable solved by the single battery as a reference object according to the internal resistance fitting function in the last same capacity expansion mode (or in the past same capacity expansion mode of constructing the internal resistance fitting function) (for example, if the predicted internal resistance value exceeds the upper limit value or is smaller than the lower limit value, the predicted internal resistance value is judged to exceed the preset internal resistance value boundary),
If yes, judging that the internal resistance of the single battery is abnormal, then acquiring the historical internal resistance calculated by adopting an alternating current injection method for the single battery after the charge and discharge control is completed under the same capacity expansion mode at the last time, and then turning to the step A33;
If not, terminating the internal resistance abnormal rate calculation flow;
It should be noted that, in the step a32, the previous same expansion mode under the "yes" determination condition is preferably the previous expansion of the same battery string having the same expansion mode as the current expansion mode, that is, after the charge and discharge management in each expansion mode is completed, the actual internal resistance of each unit cell in the battery string in the expansion mode is preferably measured by an ac injection method and stored.
A33, calculating the ratio of the absolute value of the difference value of the predicted value of the internal resistance of the same single battery and the historical internal resistance as the internal resistance abnormality rate.
After the calculation of the internal resistance rate is completed, the calculation method of the balance factors to be evaluated is transferred to the steps:
A4, carrying out weighted summation on the health degree and the internal resistance abnormality rate of the same associated single battery to obtain a to-be-evaluated balance factor of the single battery;
Here, the respective weights of the health degree and the internal resistance abnormality rate are not specifically described, since they are not the scope of the invention as claimed.
And A5, calculating an average value of the to-be-evaluated balance sub factors corresponding to each single battery in the battery string as the to-be-evaluated balance factor of the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode.
In addition, the historical balance factor of the current capacity expansion mode shown in step S1 in fig. 1 is preferably a historical balance factor calculated for the charge and discharge data and the charge and discharge control data sequence acquired and analyzed in the last capacity expansion mode of the current capacity expansion mode for the same battery string. The historical balance factor is obtained by solving the same method as the balance factor to be evaluated, except that in the process of solving the historical balance factor, the abnormal rate of the internal resistance may not exist, but the average value of the health degree of each single battery or the weighted sum value of the health degree and the abnormal rate of the internal resistance is the same.
After step 1 shown in fig. 1 is completed and the balance factor to be evaluated is calculated and the history balance factor is obtained, as shown in fig. 1, the lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion provided in this embodiment is transferred to the steps:
S2, judging whether the deviation degree of the balance factor to be evaluated and the historical balance factor (preferably, the absolute value of the difference value of the balance factor to be evaluated and the historical balance factor) exceeds a deviation degree threshold preset for the battery pack string,
If yes, reversely tracing to obtain a charging or discharging control correction parameter of the battery string according to the deviation degree, and then turning to step S3;
if not, maintaining the charge or discharge control of the battery string by using the control parameters before backtracking;
the method for backtracking control correction parameters specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, judging whether the parameters for solving the balance factors to be evaluated comprise the internal resistance abnormality rate or not under the judgment of yes in the step S2,
If yes, determining each single battery in the battery string, for which the internal resistance abnormality rate is not calculated, as a backtracking object for controlling the correction parameters, and then turning to step S22;
if not, extracting the front order for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated from small to large The single batteries corresponding to the individual health degrees are used as backtracking objects for controlling the correction parameters, and then the step S22 is carried out;
Here, it should be explained that the reasons for the occurrence of the internal resistance abnormality of the unit cells are mainly: 1. the change of internal resistance caused by the replacement of the old battery with the new battery or the replacement of the new battery with the old battery is liable to occur an internal resistance mutation, and after the internal resistance mutation, the calculated internal resistance abnormality rate is increased. However, no matter whether the old battery is replaced with a new battery or the new battery is replaced with an old battery, the replaced single battery is not included as a backtracking object in the embodiment, because if the old battery is replaced with the new battery, the internal resistance of the new battery is generally smaller than that of the old battery, and the new battery is not required to be listed as the backtracking object, but if the new battery is replaced with the old battery, after the change, the internal resistance of the single battery is larger, the battery performance is worse, the adjustment difficulty of charging and discharging control is larger, and the effect of directly adjusting the charging and discharging control parameters of the rest single battery is better. 2. The reason why the type a battery is replaced with the type B battery, and the type-replaced battery is not included as a backtracking object is consistent with the reason principle in the reason 1. For battery type replacement, the performance of the battery after type replacement is usually forced by human beings, and the battery performance after type replacement is known through data analysis, which affects the management efficiency of the battery in the current capacity expansion mode, so that the battery type replacement is not included as a backtracking object.
S22, obtaining a ratio average value of each retrospective object, wherein the ratio average value is one parameter for calculating the health degree of the retrospective object, and detailed cross-generation is performed on how the ratio average value is calculated in the above content, so that the detailed description is omitted;
S23, calculating the ratio of the average value of the proportion mean value of each retrospective object in all retrospective objects as a control correction parameter for the retrospective objects;
S24, the power converter distributes the correction amount calculated for the battery string to the corresponding backtracking object with the duty ratio calculated in step S23.
The power converter receives the degree of deviation between the balance factor to be evaluated and the historical balance factor in step S1, and calculates and outputs the correction amount for the whole battery string in the capacity expansion mode by the built-in algorithm program. How this correction is calculated is not specifically within the scope of the claimed invention and is therefore not specifically cross-referenced.
In summary, the invention expresses the characteristic expression of charge and discharge control of each battery string in the current capacity expansion mode by the fine granularity of the battery capacity change rate in the unit voltage interval, and then measures the relationship between the mutual influence between the battery capacity change rate and the internal resistance in the unit voltage interval with the characteristic expression of the charge and discharge control in the fine granularity by the balance factor, thereby taking the internal resistance as the consideration factor to be taken into the battery management in the serial-parallel capacity expansion scene, and improving the management effect on the battery in the serial-parallel capacity expansion mode.
It should be understood that the above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles employed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, variations, and the like can be made to the present application. Such variations are intended to be within the scope of the application without departing from the spirit thereof. In addition, some terms used in the description and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are merely for convenience of description.
Claims (9)
1. A lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating a to-be-evaluated balance factor between the battery capacity change rate and the internal resistance in a unit voltage interval of a battery pack string in a current capacity expansion mode, and acquiring a historical balance factor of the current capacity expansion mode;
s2, judging whether the deviation degree of the balance factor to be evaluated and the historical balance factor exceeds a deviation degree threshold preset for the battery pack string,
If yes, backtracking to obtain a charging or discharging control correction parameter of the battery string, and then turning to step S3;
If not, maintaining the charge or discharge control of the battery string by using the control parameters before backtracking;
and S3, the power converter controls the charging or discharging state of the battery pack string in the current capacity expansion mode according to the control correction parameter.
2. The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the method for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated includes the steps of:
a1, determining single batteries serving as reference objects for battery health calculation in the battery pack string;
a2, calculating the health degree of each single battery in the battery pack string;
a3, further calculating the abnormal rate of the internal resistance of the single battery with drifting health degree;
a4, carrying out weighted summation on the health degree and the internal resistance abnormality rate of the same associated single battery to obtain a balance factor to be evaluated of the single battery;
and A5, calculating an average value of the balance factor to be evaluated corresponding to each single battery in the battery string as the balance factor to be evaluated of the battery string in the current capacity expansion mode.
3. The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to claim 2, wherein in step A1, the single battery that reaches an interval unit voltage with the shortest charge duration or discharge duration is determined as the reference object for battery health calculation.
4. The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to claim 2, wherein in step A2, the method of calculating the health degree comprises the steps of:
A21, taking each single battery in the battery pack string to reach a unit voltage at intervals as a data acquisition triggering condition, and acquiring charge and discharge data and a charge and discharge control data sequence of each single battery;
A22, intercepting a plurality of subsequences with the data interception length from the charge and discharge control data sequences associated with each single battery remained in the battery string according to the number of elements in the charge and discharge control data sequences associated with the reference object;
a23, calculating a ratio average value of the battery available capacity variation amount and the differential pressure variation amount of each sub-sequence associated with the same single battery, and then calculating an average value of the ratio average values of the sub-sequences, wherein the average value is defined as a ratio average value;
And A24, calculating the absolute value of the difference between the average value of the ratio and the battery capacity change rate in the unit voltage interval of the reference object as the health degree of the single battery.
5. The lithium battery management method for charge-discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to claim 4, wherein in step a21, the charge-discharge data includes a charge current or a discharge current, a charge duration or a discharge duration, a battery usable capacity change rate for each of the unit batteries, a first battery usable capacity and a second battery usable capacity of the unit battery respectively corresponding to a start time and a stop time of the unit voltage interval, and a first battery voltage and a second battery voltage respectively corresponding to the unit battery, and a historical internal resistance calculated for each of the unit batteries in the battery string in the last same capacity expansion mode for the battery string;
the charge and discharge control data sequence is a data sequence obtained by sequencing the charge duration or discharge duration, the acquisition time point voltage and/or the acquisition time point current of the current data acquisition time point which is acquired by the single battery successively from the last data acquisition time point according to the sequence of each data acquisition time point in the unit voltage interval;
and the collection frequency of the charge and discharge control data of each single battery in the battery pack string is the same.
6. The method for managing lithium battery cells according to claim 4, wherein in step a22, the method for intercepting the subsequence is as follows:
Taking each element in the data interception object as the first element which is ordered at the first position in the subsequence, intercepting the first element arranged after and continuous in the data interception object The elements form the subsequence until the last element in the subsequence is intercepted as the last same element in the charge and discharge control data sequence of the data intercepting object per se,/>Representing the data interception length.
7. The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to claim 4, wherein in step a23, the ratio average calculation method comprises the steps of:
A231, extracting two elements which are arranged continuously from the subsequence to form element combinations, and then acquiring charge and discharge control data corresponding to each element in each element combination;
A232 calculating a ratio of a battery usable capacity variation amount and a differential pressure variation amount from a first data collection timing of a first element to a second data collection timing of a second element in the element combinations, based on the charge and discharge control data acquired for each of the element combinations;
A233, calculating the average value of the ratios respectively corresponding to the element combinations extracted from the same subsequence as the average value of the ratios.
8. The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to claim 2, wherein in step A3, when the absolute value of the difference between the degree of health of the single battery and the battery capacity change rate within a unit voltage interval of the reference object exceeds a preset degree of health threshold, it is determined that the single battery has drifted;
in step A3, the method for calculating the internal resistance abnormality rate includes the steps of:
a31, taking the health degree with drift as an independent variable of an internal resistance fitting function constructed for the same single battery in the last same capacity expansion mode of the current capacity expansion, and solving a value of the dependent variable as an internal resistance predicted value of the single battery with the drift of the health degree in the current capacity expansion mode;
a32, judging whether the predicted internal resistance value exceeds a preset internal resistance value boundary, wherein the internal resistance value boundary is an upper limit value and a lower limit value of a dependent variable which are solved by the single battery serving as the reference object according to the internal resistance fitting function in the last same capacity expansion mode,
If yes, judging that the internal resistance of the single battery is abnormal, then acquiring the historical internal resistance calculated by adopting an alternating current injection method on the single battery after the charge and discharge control is completed in the same capacity expansion mode at the last time, and then turning to the step A33;
If not, terminating the internal resistance abnormal rate calculation flow;
A33, calculating the ratio of the absolute value of the difference value of the predicted internal resistance value and the historical internal resistance of the same single battery and the historical internal resistance as the internal resistance abnormality rate.
9. The lithium battery management method for charge and discharge control and serial-parallel capacity expansion according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step S2, the method for backtracking the control correction parameters comprises the steps of:
s21, judging whether the parameters for solving the balance factors to be evaluated comprise the internal resistance abnormality rate or not under the judgment of yes in the step S2,
If yes, determining each single battery in the battery string, for which the internal resistance abnormality rate is not calculated, as a backtracking object of the control correction parameter, and then turning to step S22;
If not, extracting the front order for calculating the balance factor to be evaluated from small to large The single batteries corresponding to the individual health degrees are used as the backtracking objects of the control correction parameters, and then step S22 is carried out;
s22, obtaining a ratio average value of each retrospective object, wherein the ratio average value is one parameter for calculating the health degree of the retrospective object;
s23, calculating the ratio average value of each backtracking object in all the backtracking objects as the control correction parameter for the backtracking objects;
and S24, the power converter distributes the correction amount calculated for the battery string to the corresponding backtracking object according to the duty ratio.
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