CN117970145A - Lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device and test method - Google Patents
Lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 91
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LBYHDEOVDZJFJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.CC=C(C)C LBYHDEOVDZJFJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SGBCQWVFIYSUCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate;ethene Chemical compound C=C.COC(=O)OC SGBCQWVFIYSUCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The application discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device and a test method, wherein the test device comprises: the device comprises a test cabin, a liquid injection system, a gas injection system, an inerting agent injection system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a data acquisition system. The testing device provided by the application can simulate various scenes for thermal runaway of the lithium battery, perform individual or mixed tests on various eruptions such as gas, liquid, solid and the like, evaluate the risk level of the eruptions, and provide an important reference for safe use and fire control of the lithium battery.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of power battery safety, and particularly relates to a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device and a test method.
Background
In the situation of the increasing shortage of global petrochemical energy, various fields are gradually turning to new energy directions. In the fields of traffic and energy storage, high-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely used by virtue of their high energy density and long cycle life. However, needling, overheating, overcharging, and shorting all result in thermal runaway of the lithium iron phosphate battery, resulting in ignition and combustion. After thermal runaway of the battery, the internal air pressure rises rapidly due to the progress of a large number of irreversible chemical reactions, and the safety valve opens. The flammable mixture erupts to the outside, causing safety problems.
The mixture of thermal runaway eruption of the battery is mainly a gas-liquid two-phase mixture, the combustible mixed gas mainly comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene and other battery release gases, and the carbon monoxide has extremely strong toxicity to human bodies. The liquid is mainly an electrolyte, and a common electrolyte is a mixture of ethylene dimethyl carbonate (EC) and dimethyl propylene carbonate (DMC). The gas-liquid biphasic eruption is burnt in the air, has toxicity, and has little research on safety evaluation.
In the prior patent, CN109946634A with IPC main classification number in G01R discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway environment simulation method and equipment, which adopts a closed box body to simulate a lithium ion battery box, a gas collecting bin is arranged at the bottom of the box body, a control system is used for automatically configuring mixed gas into the gas collecting bin according to gas components and gas yield sprayed out when the thermal runaway of the battery occurs and heating the mixed gas, and then the mixed gas is quickly injected into the box body to simulate the environmental states such as gas, temperature and the like in the battery box when the thermal runaway of a single battery in the lithium ion battery box and the change of the environmental states. However, it only considers the gas component, and does not consider the influence of the electrolyte component, the inerting agent, and the like.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device and a test method are needed, the safety of the lithium battery after thermal runaway eruption is improved, and theoretical references are provided for fire fighting and extinguishment.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background section of the application and therefore it may not form the prior art that is already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the application provides a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device and a test method. The testing device can perform combustion testing of single-phase or multi-phase eruption in a designed testing cabin, and perform safety index evaluation by using an assignment and product scale method, so that reference is provided for safe use of lithium batteries and fire protection.
In some embodiments of the present application, there is provided a thermal runaway simulation test device for a lithium battery, including:
the test cabin comprises a cabin body, wherein a nozzle, a bracket and a spark plug are arranged in the cabin body; the nozzle is positioned at the bottom of the test cabin, the spark plug is arranged on the bracket positioned above the nozzle, and the bracket is fixed in the test cabin;
The liquid injection system comprises a liquid storage tank, a first pump body, a first turbine flowmeter, a first valve and a first flow valve which are sequentially connected through a liquid pipeline;
The gas injection system comprises a gas storage tank, a gas bag, a second pump body, a second turbine flowmeter, a third valve and a second flow valve which are sequentially connected through a gas pipeline;
The inerting agent injection system comprises an inerting agent storage tank, a third pump body, a third turbine flowmeter, a fourth valve and a third flow valve which are sequentially connected through an inerting agent transmission pipeline;
The pressure sensor is used for acquiring pressure information in the test cabin;
The temperature sensor is used for acquiring temperature information in the test cabin;
The data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the data acquisition instrument is electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and is used for acquiring pressure and temperature information in the test cabin; the computer is used for processing the pressure and temperature data acquired by the data acquisition instrument;
The liquid pipeline, the gas pipeline and the inerting agent transmission pipeline are all communicated with one end of the mixture pipeline, the other end of the mixture pipeline is connected with a nozzle at the bottom of the test cabin, the mixed gas is conveyed to the nozzle at the bottom of the test cabin through the mixture pipeline, and is sprayed into the test cabin through the nozzle, and the spark plug is used for igniting the test.
In some embodiments of the application, a second valve is provided on the mixture line.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve are used for controlling on-off of a pipeline; and controlling the opening degree of the pipeline flow valve according to the numerical values of the first turbine flowmeter, the second turbine flowmeter and the third turbine flowmeter.
In some embodiments of the application, the test pod is an insulated container.
In some embodiments of the application, the nozzle is inverted umbrella shaped.
In some embodiments of the present application, the plurality of gas storage tanks respectively store the gas released from the batteries such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene and acetylene.
In some embodiments of the application, the gas is prepared in proportion to the gas released from the lithium iron phosphate battery in thermal runaway and then flushed into the air bag for use.
In some embodiments of the application, the nozzle is connected to the fourth pump body through a fifth valve, and when the test is finished, the fifth valve is opened to discharge the substances in the test chamber.
In some embodiments of the application, the reservoir contains the electrolyte to be tested.
In some embodiments of the application, the liquid storage tank is a brown glass bottle, which can create a light-proof environment and avoid electrolyte denaturation.
In some embodiments of the application, the inerting agent is aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, or the like.
In another embodiment of the present application, a testing method of a thermal runaway simulation testing device for a lithium battery is further provided, and the thermal runaway simulation testing device for a lithium battery is used to open the second valve and perform testing according to the eruption valve to be tested.
In some embodiments of the application, for gas-phase eruption testing, the second valve and the third valve are opened, the flow of the gas sprayed to the testing cabin is calculated through the second turbine flowmeter, the gas is ignited by using the spark plug, whether ignition is successful is observed, if not, the same amount of gas is sprayed again as the first time, whether ignition is successful is observed, the operation is repeated until ignition is successful, and the pressure and temperature information acquired by the data acquisition instrument is recorded; taking the concentration of the first combustion as the lower flammability limit of the gas, injecting the same amount of gas as the first injection in batches on the basis of the lower flammability limit to increase the concentration of the gas until no flame is observed, and recording the pressure and temperature information acquired by the data acquisition instrument, wherein the concentration of the gas is the upper flammability limit of the gas.
Similarly, when testing liquid-phase eruption, opening a first valve and a second valve, calculating the flow of the sprayed electrolyte through a first turbine flowmeter, igniting a spark plug to ignite the electrolyte, observing whether ignition is successful or not, if not, spraying the electrolyte with the same amount again, continuously observing whether ignition is successful or not, repeating the operation until ignition is successful, and recording pressure information and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument; taking the concentration of starting combustion as a starting point, adding the same amount of electrolyte in batches, increasing the concentration of the electrolyte until no flame is observed, and recording pressure and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument;
When testing the gas-liquid dual-phase spray, opening a first valve, a second valve and a third valve, spraying a mixture of electrolyte and mixed gas from a nozzle, igniting a spark plug, observing whether ignition is successful or not, if not, spraying an equal amount of mixture at the nozzle again, continuously observing whether ignition is successful or not, repeating the operation until ignition, and recording pressure information and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument; taking the concentration of starting combustion as a starting point, adding the same amount of electrolyte and mixed gas in batches until no flame is observed, and recording pressure and temperature information;
When the spray test requiring the participation of the inerting agent is performed, the fourth valve is opened while the required valve is opened, and the inerting agent is sprayed out from the nozzle.
In some embodiments of the application, nine characteristic parameters of the mixture in the test chamber are obtained during testing, namely a burning point, a highest burning temperature, a maximum temperature change rate, a maximum air pressure, a maximum pressure change rate, heat emitted during complete burning, an upper flammability limit, a lower flammability limit and toxicity of gas; wherein the toxicity of the gas is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mixture.
In some embodiments of the application, among the nine characteristic parameters, the higher the number of heat released by complete combustion, the more dangerous is the ignition point, the highest combustion temperature, the maximum temperature change rate, the maximum air pressure, and the maximum pressure change rate; the smaller the lower limit value of the flammability is, the more dangerous the higher the upper limit value of the flammability is, the gas toxicity is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mixed gas, and the more dangerous the higher the value is.
In some embodiments of the application, the security ranking is performed for nine feature parameters, and the assignment is performed according to the numbers 1,2,3 and 4, so that the larger the number is, the more dangerous the number is; obtaining a 3 multiplied by 3 risk level matrix B; weighting each parameter by applying a product scale method to obtain a 3 multiplied by 3 evaluation matrix A; multiplying the two matrixes to obtain a matrix C, and accumulating each value to obtain a risk degree value R;
The application has the beneficial effects that: the testing device can simulate various scenes aiming at thermal runaway of the lithium battery, and perform single or mixed testing on various eruptions such as gas, liquid, solid and the like; the method analyzes the inerting effect of the electrolyte because the inerting agent enhances the thermal stability of the electrolyte in thermal runaway; the gas-liquid double-phase eruption is burnt in the air, has toxicity, and has little research on safety evaluation; meanwhile, the testing method can effectively evaluate the safety of the eruption, and provides an important reference for the safe use of the lithium battery and fire protection.
Drawings
The application will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway simulation test device for a lithium battery in some embodiments of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas injection system in some embodiments of the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid injection system in some embodiments of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an inerting agent injection system in some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a test method according to some embodiments of the application: wherein,
FIG. 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of a test flow of a gas-phase spray;
FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of the liquid-phase spray test;
fig. 5 (c) is a schematic diagram of a test flow of the gas-liquid dual-phase spray;
FIG. 5 (d) is a schematic flow chart of the inerting agent participation test;
The device comprises a liquid injection system 100-a test cabin 200-a gas injection system 300-a gas injection system 400-an inerting agent injection system 201-a pressure sensor 204-a temperature sensor 101-a liquid storage tank 102-a first pump body 103-a first turbine flowmeter, first valves K1 and 104-a first flow valve, second valves K2 and 202-a bracket 205-a spark plug 206-a nozzle 207-a cabin 208-a fourth pump body 301-a second turbine flowmeter 302-a second pump body 303-an air bag 304-a gas storage tank, third valves K3 and 305-a second flow valve 307-a pressure detection display; 401-an inerting agent storage tank, 402-a third pump body, 403-a third turbine flowmeter, and fourth valves K4, 404-third flow valves; 500-data acquisition system, 501-data acquisition instrument, 502-computer and fifth valve K5.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples described below are some, but not all, examples of the present application, and are intended to be illustrative of the present application only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or relative positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the above description of the azimuth may be flexibly set in the course of practical application in the case where the relative positional relationship shown in the drawings is satisfied.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby features defining "first," "second," or the like, may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "communicating" are to be construed broadly as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, and integrally connected, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited. Either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication between two elements, or electrically, the specific meaning of the terms in the present disclosure will be understood by those skilled in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
In embodiments of the present application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
In embodiments of the application, words such as "exemplary" or "such as" are used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "e.g." in an embodiment of the present application should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs, rather, the use of the word "exemplary" or "e.g." is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete fashion.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The application will be further described in detail by way of examples below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-5.
The application provides a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device, in some embodiments of the application, a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device is provided, comprising: test pod 200, liquid injection system 100, gas injection system 300, inerting agent injection system 400, pressure sensor 201, temperature sensor 204, data acquisition system 500.
In some embodiments of the application, the test pod 200 includes a pod 207, the pod 207 having a nozzle 206, a bracket 202, and a spark plug 205 disposed therein; the nozzle 206 is positioned at the bottom of the test chamber 200, the spark plug 205 is disposed on the bracket 202 above the nozzle 206, and the bracket 202 is fixed in the test chamber 200.
In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid injection system 100 includes a liquid reservoir 101, a first pump body 102, a first turbine flow meter 103, a first valve K1, and a first flow valve 104, which are sequentially connected by a liquid line.
In some embodiments of the present application, the gas injection system 300 includes a gas tank 304, a gas bag 303, a second pump body 302, a second turbine flow meter 301, a third valve K3, and a second flow valve 305, which are sequentially connected by gas lines.
In some embodiments of the present application, an inerting agent injection system 400 includes an inerting agent storage tank 401, a third pump body 402, a third turbine flow meter 403, a fourth valve K4, and a third flow valve 404, which are sequentially connected by an inerting agent delivery line;
In some embodiments of the present application, the pressure sensor 201 is configured to obtain pressure information in the test chamber 200.
In some embodiments of the application, the pressure sensor 201 is placed from the right side opening of the cabin 207.
In some embodiments of the application, the temperature sensor 204 is used to obtain temperature information within the test compartment 200.
In some embodiments of the application, the temperature sensor 204 is placed from the left opening of the cabin 207.
In some embodiments of the present application, the data acquisition system 500 includes a data acquisition instrument 501 and a computer 502, where the data acquisition instrument 501 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 201 and the temperature sensor 204, and is used to acquire pressure and temperature information in the test chamber 200; the computer 502 is used for processing the pressure and temperature data acquired by the data acquisition instrument 501;
In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid pipeline, the gas pipeline and the inerting agent conveying pipeline are all communicated with one end of a mixture pipeline, the other end of the mixture pipeline is connected with a nozzle 206 at the bottom of the test chamber 200, the mixture is conveyed to the nozzle 206 at the bottom of the test chamber 200 through the mixture pipeline, and is sprayed into the test chamber 200 through the nozzle 206, and the spark plug 205 ignites the test.
In some embodiments of the application, a second valve K2 is provided on the mixture line.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first valve K1, the second valve K2, the third valve K3, and the fourth valve K4 are used to control on-off of a pipeline where the first valve K3 and the second valve K4 are located; the first turbine flowmeter 103, the second turbine flowmeter 301 and the third turbine flowmeter 403 are used for controlling the flow of the pipeline; the first flow valve 104, the second flow valve 305 and the third flow valve 404 adjust the opening of the valves according to the values of the turbine flow meters where the respective pipelines are located.
In some embodiments of the application, the test pod 200 is an insulated container.
In some embodiments of the application, the nozzle 206 is inverted umbrella shaped.
In some embodiments of the present application, the plurality of gas storage tanks 304 is a plurality, and the plurality of gas storage tanks 304 respectively store the gas released from the batteries such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene, acetylene, etc.
In some embodiments of the application, the gas is conditioned in proportion to the gas released from the lithium iron phosphate battery in thermal runaway and then flushed into the airbag 303 for use.
In some embodiments of the present application, the nozzle 206 is connected to the fourth pump body 208 through a fifth valve K5, and when the test is completed, the fifth valve K5 is opened to discharge the material in the test chamber 200.
In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid storage tank 101 contains an electrolyte to be tested.
In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid storage tank 101 is a brown glass bottle, which can create a light-proof environment and avoid electrolyte denaturation.
In some embodiments of the application, the inerting agent is aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, or the like.
In some embodiments of the application, the testing device further comprises a pressure detection device for detecting the pressure in the air reservoir 304 and displaying the data in the pressure detection display 307.
In some embodiments of the application, the testing device further comprises a camera for monitoring changes in the test compartment 200.
Referring to fig. 5 (a), 5 (b), 5 (c) and 5 (d), in another embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a test method of a thermal runaway simulation test device for a lithium battery, using one of the above-mentioned thermal runaway simulation test devices for a lithium battery,
For gas-phase eruption test, the second valve K2K2 and the third valve K3 are opened, the flow of the gas sprayed to the test cabin 200 is calculated through the second turbine flowmeter 301, the gas is ignited by using the spark plug 205, whether the ignition is successful is observed, if not, the gas with the same quantity as the gas sprayed for the first time is sprayed again, whether the ignition is successful is observed, the operation is repeated until the ignition is successful, and the pressure and temperature information acquired by the data acquisition instrument 501 is recorded; taking the concentration of the first combustion as the lower flammability limit of the gas, injecting the same amount of gas as the first injection in batches on the basis of the lower flammability limit to increase the concentration of the gas until no flame is observed, and recording the pressure and temperature information acquired by the data acquisition instrument 501, wherein the concentration of the gas is the upper flammability limit of the gas.
Similarly, when testing liquid-phase eruption, opening a first valve K1 and a second valve K2, calculating the flow of the sprayed electrolyte through a first turbine flowmeter 103, igniting a spark plug 205 to ignite the electrolyte, observing whether ignition is successful or not, if not, spraying the electrolyte with the same amount again, continuing to observe whether ignition is successful or not, repeating the operation until ignition is successful, and recording pressure information and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument 501; taking the concentration of starting combustion as a starting point, adding the same amount of electrolyte in batches, increasing the concentration of the electrolyte until no flame is observed, and recording the pressure and temperature information acquired by the data acquisition instrument 501;
When testing gas-liquid dual-phase spray, opening a first valve K1, a second valve K2K2 and a third valve K3, spraying a mixture of electrolyte and mixed gas from a nozzle 206, igniting a spark plug 205, observing whether ignition is successful, if not, spraying an equal amount of mixture at the nozzle 206 again, continuously observing whether ignition is successful, repeating the operation until ignition, and recording pressure information and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument 501; taking the concentration of starting combustion as a starting point, adding the same amount of electrolyte and mixed gas in batches until no flame is observed, and recording pressure and temperature information;
For spray tests requiring the participation of an inerting agent, the fourth valve K4 is opened simultaneously with the opening of the desired valve, and the inerting agent is sprayed at the nozzle 206.
As shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments of the present application, the gas injection system 300 is capable of injecting 0.2/0.3/0.4vol% of the gas mixture at a time, distributing the gas according to each gas component of the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway exhaust in the test experiment, storing the gas in the gas bag 303 after distributing, and providing a pressure difference by the second pump body 302 to draw the gas from the gas bag 303; observing the second turbine flowmeter 301 to adjust the opening of the second flow valve 305, and controlling the closing time of the third valve K3 to realize quantitative injection after the gas flow rate is stable; the interval time between opening and closing of the third valve K3 is calculated by the formula c=svt ⁄ L to realize the control of the concentration of the single injection gas to be 0.2/0.3/0.4vol%, where S represents the cross-sectional area of the pipe, v represents the flow rate, t represents the time, L represents the volume of the test chamber 200, and c represents the concentration.
In some embodiments of the present application, the cross-sectional area of the conduit S is 28.26cm 2, the flow velocity v is 2.5m/S, the volume L of the test chamber 200 is 50L, the valve opening closing interval time calculated by the formula is 1.4 seconds, and the interval time of closing the valve opening can be prolonged by properly reducing the cross-sectional area of the conduit and reducing the flow velocity, which is beneficial to the accuracy of quantification.
In some embodiments of the present application, a two-phase or three-phase spray safety test can be performed, after a single-phase combustible injection system to be tested is debugged, the corresponding valve is controlled to be closed at the same time, and a combustible mixture can be generated in the test cabin 200 for testing and obtaining data.
In some embodiments of the present application, taking test of single-phase gas burst as an example, after the tightness of the test cabin 200 is checked and the sensor works normally, 0.2/0.3/0.4vol% of combustible gas is injected into the test cabin 200 for the first time, ignition is attempted by the ignition of the spark plug 205, if not, 0.2/0.3/0.4vol% of combustible gas is injected again, ignition is attempted again until the ignition is successful, and the acquired temperature and pressure data transmitted by the pressure sensor 201 and the temperature sensor 204 are acquired by the data acquisition instrument 501; the concentration of the first fuel is the lower flammability limit of the gas;
After cleaning the test chamber 200, a combustible mixture of 0.2/0.3/0.4vol% is injected once based on the combustible lower limit concentration of the gas, ignition is attempted, if ignition is successful, a combustible mixture of 0.2/0.3/0.4vol% is injected n times based on the combustible lower limit concentration of the gas until ignition is impossible, and data is recorded, wherein the concentration is the combustible upper limit of the gas.
The ignition was considered successful with the appearance of a bluish flame;
The sensor can obtain the data of the ignition point, the highest combustion temperature, the maximum air pressure, the maximum pressure change rate, the upper flammability limit and the lower flammability limit.
In some embodiments of the application, the maximum rate of temperature change may be formulatedIt follows that the maximum pressure change rate can be expressed as%Obtaining; heat evolved availability/>The result is that q is the heat value of each gas,/>For each gas density, c is the concentration of the mixed gas, L is the test chamber 200 volume,/>The ratio of the gas to the mixed gas.
In some embodiments of the present application, when the liquid-phase eruption is needed, the first valve K1 and the second valve K2 are opened, the first turbine flowmeter 103 is observed to adjust the opening of the first flow valve 104, the opening and closing of the first valve K1 are controlled to realize the injection of the liquid, the calculation method of the closing interval time of the first valve K1 refers to the gas injection system 300, the liquid injection is 0.2/0.3/0.4vol% each time, and the rest of the test procedures are the same as the gas injection procedure.
In some embodiments of the present application, when the inerting agent is needed to participate, the third air pump pumps the inerting agent in the inerting agent storage tank 401, controls the opening and closing of the fourth valve K4 to realize the injection of the inerting agent into the test chamber 200, the calculation method of the closing interval time of the fourth valve K4 refers to the calculation of gas injection, the quantity of the inerting agent injected each time is 0.1/0.2/0.3 g/L, and the rest of the test flow is the same as the gas injection test flow.
In some embodiments of the application, nine hazard amounts are represented by letters for ease of computational processing: a combustion point a, a maximum temperature change rate b, a maximum pressure c, a combustion maximum temperature d, a maximum pressure change rate e, heat f, a combustion upper limit g, a combustion lower limit h and gas toxicity i. And carrying out assignment according to the actual data range and the numbers 1,2,3 and 4.
In some embodiments of the present application, the nine feature parameters are ranked safely, and assigned according to the numbers 1,2, 3, and 4, and the larger the number is, the more dangerous, the 3×3 risk level matrix B is obtained, and specifically, reference may be made to table 1:
Table 1 is a scoring reference table;
weighting each parameter by applying a product scale method to obtain a3 multiplied by 3 evaluation matrix A; multiplying the two matrixes to obtain C, and accumulating each value to obtain a dangerous degree value R;
In some embodiments of the application, the particular most dangerous is the toxicity of the gas i, entitled 3.360. And secondly, the ignition point a is given a weight of 2.482. The parameter matrix is evaluated in detail as follows.
The risk grade matrix B is multiplied by the evaluation matrix A to obtain a matrix C, the final result is obtained by adding each parameter of the matrix C, the risk grade evaluation is carried out according to the risk grade evaluation table in the table 2, and the risk grade evaluation is carried out, and the risk grade evaluation table comprises four grades I, II, III and IV, wherein the grade I is the safest, the grade IV is the most dangerous, the setting of the four grades is shown in the table 2,
Table 2 risk rating table
According to the testing method, the matrix B is obtained by corresponding assignment of the values of the nine characteristic parameters obtained through testing, the matrix C is obtained by multiplying the matrix A with the assigned weights, the parameters of the matrix C are added, and the corresponding dangerous grades can provide important references for fire protection.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which is within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device, comprising:
the test cabin comprises a cabin body, wherein a nozzle, a bracket and a spark plug are arranged in the cabin body; the nozzle is positioned at the bottom of the test cabin, the spark plug is arranged on the bracket positioned above the nozzle, and the bracket is fixed in the test cabin;
The liquid injection system comprises a liquid storage tank, a first pump body, a first turbine flowmeter, a first valve and a first flow valve which are sequentially connected through a liquid pipeline;
The gas injection system comprises a gas storage tank, a gas bag, a second pump body, a second turbine flowmeter, a third valve and a second flow valve which are sequentially connected through a gas pipeline;
The inerting agent injection system comprises an inerting agent storage tank, a third pump body, a third turbine flowmeter, a fourth valve and a third flow valve which are sequentially connected through an inerting agent transmission pipeline;
The pressure sensor is used for acquiring pressure information in the test cabin;
The temperature sensor is used for acquiring temperature information in the test cabin;
The data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the data acquisition instrument is electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and is used for acquiring pressure and temperature information in the test cabin; the computer is used for processing the pressure and temperature data acquired by the data acquisition instrument;
The liquid pipeline, the gas pipeline and the inerting agent transmission pipeline are all communicated with one end of the mixture pipeline, the other end of the mixture pipeline is connected with a nozzle at the bottom of the test cabin, the mixed gas is conveyed to the nozzle at the bottom of the test cabin through the mixture pipeline, and is sprayed into the test cabin through the nozzle, and the spark plug is used for igniting the test.
2. The lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein,
A second valve is arranged on the mixture pipeline; the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve are used for controlling the on-off of a pipeline; and controlling the opening degree of the pipeline flow valve according to the numerical values of the first turbine flowmeter, the second turbine flowmeter and the third turbine flowmeter.
3. The lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein,
The test cabin is an adiabatic container; the nozzle is in an inverted umbrella shape; the number of the air storage tanks is multiple.
4. The lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein,
The nozzle is connected with the fourth pump body through a fifth valve, and when substances in the test cabin need to be released, the fifth valve is opened to discharge the substances in the test cabin.
5. The lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein,
And the liquid storage tank is filled with electrolyte to be detected.
6. A test method of a lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device, characterized in that the test is performed by using the lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 5:
When testing gas-phase eruption, opening a second valve and a third valve, calculating the flow of gas sprayed to a test cabin through a second turbine flowmeter, igniting the gas by using a spark plug, observing whether ignition is successful, if not, spraying the same amount of gas as the first spraying, observing whether ignition is successful, repeating the operation until ignition is successful, and recording pressure and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument;
Taking the concentration of the first combustion as the lower flammability limit of the gas, injecting the same amount of gas as the first injection in batches on the basis of the lower flammability limit to increase the concentration of the gas until no flame is observed, and recording the pressure and temperature information acquired by the data acquisition instrument, wherein the concentration of the gas is the upper flammability limit of the gas;
Similarly, when testing liquid-phase eruption, opening a first valve and a second valve, calculating the flow of the sprayed electrolyte through a first turbine flowmeter, igniting a spark plug to ignite the electrolyte, observing whether ignition is successful or not, if not, spraying the electrolyte with the same amount again, continuously observing whether ignition is successful or not, repeating the operation until ignition is successful, and recording pressure information and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument;
Taking the concentration of starting combustion as a starting point, adding the same amount of electrolyte in batches, increasing the concentration of the electrolyte until no flame is observed, and recording pressure and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument; when testing the gas-liquid dual-phase spray, opening a first valve, a second valve and a third valve, spraying a mixture of electrolyte and mixed gas from a nozzle, igniting a spark plug, observing whether ignition is successful or not, if not, spraying an equal amount of mixture at the nozzle again, continuously observing whether ignition is successful or not, repeating the operation until ignition, and recording pressure information and temperature information acquired by a data acquisition instrument; taking the concentration of starting combustion as a starting point, adding the same amount of electrolyte and mixed gas in batches until no flame is observed, and recording pressure and temperature information;
When the test of the spray requiring the participation of the inerting agent is carried out, the valve corresponding to the spray is opened, and the fourth valve is opened, so that the inerting agent is sprayed out from the nozzle, and the test process is the same as that of the gas-phase spray.
7. The test method of the lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 6, wherein,
During testing, nine characteristic parameters of the mixture in the test cabin, namely an ignition point, a highest combustion temperature, a maximum temperature change rate, a maximum air pressure, a maximum pressure change rate, heat emitted during complete combustion, a flammable upper limit, a flammable lower limit and toxicity of gas, are obtained; wherein the toxicity of the gas is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mixture.
8. The test method of the lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 7, wherein,
Among the nine characteristic parameters, the higher the combustion point, the highest combustion temperature, the maximum temperature change rate, the maximum air pressure and the maximum pressure change rate, the more dangerous the heat value emitted by complete combustion is; the smaller the lower limit value of the flammability is, the more dangerous the higher the upper limit value of the flammability is, the gas toxicity is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mixed gas, and the more dangerous the higher the value is.
9. The test method of the lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 8, wherein,
Carrying out safety sorting on nine characteristic parameters, and carrying out assignment according to numbers 1,2, 3 and 4, wherein the larger the number is, the more dangerous the number is; obtaining a3 multiplied by 3 risk level matrix B; weighting each parameter by applying a product scale method to obtain a3 multiplied by 3 evaluation matrix A; multiplying the two matrixes to obtain a matrix C, and accumulating each value to obtain a risk degree value R;
。
10. The test method of the lithium battery thermal runaway simulation test device according to claim 9, wherein,
And (3) performing risk grade judgment according to the magnitude of the risk degree value R, wherein the risk grade judgment is divided into four grades of I, II, III and IV, wherein I is the safest and IV is the most dangerous.
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