CN117969328B - Conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for pneumatic conveying system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pneumatic conveying systems, in particular to a conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system, which comprises a test bed, a wind power mechanism and an adjusting mechanism, wherein a control terminal with a PLC (programmable logic controller) is arranged on the test bed, a fixing frame is arranged on the top surface of the test bed, a fixing box is arranged at the top of the fixing frame, a through hole which is arranged in a penetrating manner is formed in the fixing box, a feeding box which is communicated with the through hole is arranged at the top of the fixing box, a side plate I and a side plate II are respectively arranged on side walls of two sides of the fixing box, a material quantity adjusting component is arranged between inner walls of the feeding box in a sliding manner, one side of the material quantity adjusting component is connected with a connecting shaft which extends out of the feeding box, a U-shaped frame is arranged on the end part of the connecting shaft, and gears I are arranged on two ends of the U-shaped frame in a meshed manner. The invention can more truly simulate the scouring and wearing effects of particles on the pipe elbow part in the airflow conveying equipment in the actual working process.

Description

Conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for pneumatic conveying system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pneumatic conveying systems, in particular to a conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system.

Background

The pneumatic conveying equipment has the advantages of good dustproof effect, convenient realization of mechanization and automation, labor intensity reduction and labor saving. During the transportation, various process operations such as mixing, pulverizing, sorting, drying, and cooling can be performed simultaneously.

In pneumatic conveying apparatus, pipe wear is a common problem, particularly when the material has a high hardness, particles are large or viscosity is high. When the air flow passes through the bend and the corner of the pipeline, the air flow can be severely rotated and the wall surface of the pipeline is scoured due to the change of the air flow direction, so that the possibility of abrasion is increased; at the same time, in the gas stream, the solid particles are suspended and flow together with the gas stream, and when the solid particles contact the wall surface of the pipeline, friction and scouring are generated, so that the pipeline is worn.

However, there is no relevant wear performance testing equipment for the elbow section of the pipeline in the market at present, and therefore, it is necessary to provide a conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system to solve the proposed problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system, which is used for solving the problems in the background technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

The utility model provides a pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for pneumatic conveying system, includes test bench, wind-force mechanism and adjustment mechanism, install the control terminal who takes the PLC controller on the test bench, and be provided with the mount on its top surface, the fixed box is installed at the top of mount, has offered the through-hole that runs through the setting in the fixed box, the top of fixed box is provided with the feeding case that communicates with each other with the through-hole;

side plates I and II are respectively arranged on the side walls of the two sides of the fixed box;

a material quantity adjusting assembly is arranged between the inner walls of the feeding boxes in a sliding manner, one side of the material quantity adjusting assembly is connected with a connecting shaft extending out of the feeding boxes, a U-shaped frame is arranged at the end part of the connecting shaft, gears I are arranged at the two ends of the U-shaped frame in a meshed manner, and the gears I are respectively arranged on the side walls of the two sides of the feeding boxes in a rotating manner;

a fixing mechanism is arranged on one side of the through hole in a sliding manner along the length direction of the test bed;

The wind power mechanism comprises a driving assembly, a transmission assembly, a lifting assembly and a swing arm assembly, wherein a first transmission wheel is arranged at the input end of the transmission assembly, a second screw is arranged at the output end of the transmission assembly, the transmission assembly controls the rotation output of the second screw in a gear meshing mode, the lifting assembly is subjected to the action of the screw transmission of the second screw to move and adjust along the vertical direction, three groups of L brackets are arranged outside the lifting assembly, fixing pieces are arranged at the joints of the three groups of L brackets, the driving assembly is rotatably arranged on the fixing pieces, the swing arm assembly is connected between the lifting assembly and the driving assembly, and the rotation of the swing arm assembly is controlled through the lifting adjustment movement of the lifting assembly, so that the wind direction angle adjustment of the wind power mechanism is realized;

The adjusting mechanism comprises a gear IV, a bevel gear I, a driving wheel II and a movable piece;

The side plate I is provided with a fixed shaft and a support frame which are vertically arranged, the gear IV is rotationally arranged on the support frame, the bevel gear I and the driving wheel II are rotationally arranged on the fixed shaft respectively, one side of the bevel gear I is provided with a bevel gear II which is synchronous with the gear I in a meshed manner, one side of the gear IV is provided with a rack which slides along the outer wall of the fixed box in a meshed manner, a driving belt is connected between the driving wheel II and the driving wheel I, and the movable piece is arranged on the gear IV and reciprocates between the bevel gear I and the driving wheel II in the vertical direction.

In one embodiment, two symmetrically arranged supports are welded on the top surface of the fixed box, a gear shaft is rotatably arranged between the supports on two sides, the gear shaft penetrates through the fixed box, an electromagnet I and an external power supply I which are connected through wires are respectively arranged inside and outside one of the supports, the electromagnet I is arranged in a ring-shaped structure and is fixedly embedded between the inner walls of the supports, the external power supply I is externally embedded on one side wall of the support and is connected with the PLC through an electric signal, and one end of the gear shaft penetrates through the electromagnet I and is fixedly connected with the bevel gear II through a key;

The telescopic pipe is installed on the outer wall of one side of the fixed box through a screw, the telescopic pipe is a corrugated pipe, sliding pieces which can be fixedly connected with the first side plate and the second side plate through fastening screws are arranged on the first side plate and the second side plate in a sliding mode, the two sliding pieces are arranged oppositely, and the other end of the telescopic pipe is fixed between the two sliding pieces.

In one embodiment, the material amount adjusting component comprises a sloping plate and an elastic plate, wherein two opposite side walls of the sloping plate and the elastic plate are respectively contacted and slid with the inner wall of the feeding box, one end of the elastic plate is elastically arranged in the sloping plate and is not separated from the sloping plate all the time, the other end of the elastic plate is contacted and arranged with the inner wall of the other side of the feeding box, a connecting block is arranged on the bottom surface of the sloping plate through a screw, and one end of a connecting shaft is arranged on the connecting block through threaded connection;

Side grooves II are formed in the outer walls of the feeding box, which are opposite to the two sides, the U-shaped frame slides between the side grooves II on the two sides, and a plurality of tooth grooves matched with the first gear are formed in the top surfaces of the two ends of the U-shaped frame, wherein the first gear is an incomplete gear.

In one embodiment, the driving assembly comprises a fan blade, a motor plate and a connecting piece, wherein the driving motor is arranged on the top surface of the motor plate through a bolt, the fan blade is arranged on the end part of an output shaft of the driving motor, and the connecting piece is arranged in a triangular structure and is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the motor plate through a screw;

the lifting assembly comprises a lifting ring, a guide groove which is annularly arranged is formed in the lifting ring, and a chassis is arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting ring through screws;

The transmission assembly comprises a second gear and a third gear which are meshed with each other, the second gear and the third gear are both rotatably arranged on the top surface of the test bed through shaft connection, a first synchronizing shaft which penetrates through a first side plate is arranged on the second gear, a first transmission wheel is arranged at the top end of the first synchronizing shaft through key connection, a second vertically arranged screw rod is arranged on the third gear, and the second screw rod penetrates through the chassis and is in threaded transmission fit with the chassis;

The swing arm assembly comprises a swing arm, a guide ball and a second synchronizing shaft, the swing arm is in a Z-shaped structure, the guide ball is installed at one end of the swing arm and is arranged in a sliding mode along the inner wall of the guide groove, one end of the second synchronizing shaft is installed at the other end of the swing arm, and the other end of the second synchronizing shaft penetrates through the connecting piece and is arranged synchronously with the connecting piece.

In one embodiment, three lifting blocks are welded on the outer wall of the lifting ring, the lifting blocks are arranged on the vertical direction of the L bracket in a sliding mode, the fixing piece comprises a bearing seat and a U-shaped seat, the bearing seat is arranged on the bottom wall of the U-shaped seat through a screw, one end of a second synchronizing shaft penetrates through one side wall of the U-shaped seat and is rotationally arranged on the other side wall of the U-shaped seat, and the top of the second screw is arranged in a non-threaded mode and is rotationally arranged between the inner walls of the bearing seat.

In one embodiment, a side groove I is formed in the outer wall of the side, facing the side plate I, of the fixed box, a fixed plate is fixed on the outer wall of the other side of the fixed box through a screw at one end of the side groove I, a linear motor is mounted on the fixed plate through a bolt, a rack slides between the inner walls of the side groove I, and the end part of an output shaft of the linear motor is fixedly connected with one end of the rack;

A first fixed groove is formed in the middle of the bottom surface of the first bevel gear, a second fixed groove is formed in the middle of the top surface of the second transmission wheel, the first fixed groove and the second fixed groove are positioned in the same vertical direction and are consistent in size and shape, the top end and the bottom end of the movable piece are respectively matched with the first fixed groove and the second fixed groove, and friction transmission modes are adopted between the movable piece and the first bevel gear and between the movable piece and the second transmission wheel;

two mounting holes are formed in the gear IV, an electric push rod is fixedly mounted in the mounting holes, and the end part of an output shaft of the electric push rod is fixedly connected with the top surface of the bottom end of the movable piece.

In one embodiment, the fixing mechanism comprises a movable frame, a first positioning ring and a second positioning ring, wherein a vertical shaft is arranged on the top surface of the movable frame, the first positioning ring is fixed on the top of the vertical shaft through a screw, a horizontally arranged fixing cylinder is welded on the side wall of the vertical shaft, a movable shaft is arranged at one end of the fixing cylinder in a sliding manner, the fixing cylinder is fixedly connected with the movable shaft through a set screw, and the second positioning ring is arranged on the end part of the movable shaft through a screw;

the movable frame slides between the outer walls of the two sides of the test bed, screw rods I which are in threaded transmission with the movable frame are penetrated in the two ends of the movable frame, fixed seats are arranged at the two ends of the screw rods I, the fixed seats are fixed on the test bed through screws, and a rotating motor which is connected with the screw rods and drives is arranged on one of the fixed seats.

In one embodiment, the top surface of the side plate I is fixedly provided with an annular electromagnet II and an annular electromagnet III, the top of the synchronous shaft I penetrates through the electromagnet II, and the bottom end of the fixed shaft penetrates through the electromagnet III;

the first driving wheel and the second driving wheel are iron, the first driving wheel is installed on the top end of the first synchronizing shaft through a key connection, the first driving wheel is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the second electromagnet, the second driving wheel is rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the fixed shaft, and the second driving wheel is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the third electromagnet;

An external power supply II is externally embedded on the side wall of one side of the side plate I, the external power supply II is connected with the PLC controller through an electric signal, the electromagnet II and the electromagnet III are connected with the external power supply II in parallel through wires, and the starting and stopping states of the electromagnet II and the electromagnet III are synchronous.

In one embodiment, when the output shaft of the electric push rod extends to the longest, the bottom end of the movable part is connected with the second fixed groove as a whole, the movable part synchronously drives the second driving wheel to rotate along with the rotation of the fourth gear, and further synchronously drives the first driving wheel to rotate and output through the driving belt, under the action of the first synchronizing shaft, the second gear synchronously rotates along with the first driving wheel and drives the third gear to rotate, the third gear synchronizes the second screw to rotate and output, so that the chassis drives the lifting ring to move in the vertical direction under the action of the screw transmission, when the lifting ring moves upwards, the air inlet angle of the fan blade is adjusted downwards, otherwise, when the lifting ring moves downwards, the air inlet angle of the fan blade is adjusted upwards, and the second electromagnet and the third electromagnet are in an unpowered state;

When the output shaft of the electric push rod is shortened to the shortest time, the electric push rod is in a reset state, the top end of the movable piece is connected with the fixed groove into a whole, the movable piece synchronously drives the bevel gear I to rotate along with the rotation of the gear IV and synchronously drives the bevel gear II to rotate, so that the bevel gear II synchronously drives the two gears I on the gear shaft to rotate through the gear shaft, the position of the material quantity adjusting component is adjusted through the movement of the U-shaped frame, and the electromagnet I at the moment is in a non-electrified state.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The wind power mechanism and the material quantity adjusting component are arranged, the wind power mechanism is matched with the gear III through the gear II, the driving wheel I is used as a power input source, the screw II is used as a power output source, and the lifting movement of the lifting ring is used for controlling the rotation amplitude of one end of the swing arm component, so that the wind direction angle is adjusted; the latter is through the meshing transmission of gear one and U type frame for when the U type frame drives the swash plate and removes, utilize the elastic motion cooperation of elastic plate in the swash plate to adjust its position together, thereby change the discharge size between feeding case and the through-hole, and then make the granule fall into the fixed incasement by the feeding case after, make the granule can constantly flow to pipeline elbow department with the help of the effect of wind power, and wash out the inner wall of this pipeline of friction constantly, simulate real condition with more actual results.

2. According to the invention, the adjusting mechanism is additionally arranged between the wind power mechanism and the material quantity adjusting component, and the vertical movement of the movable part is controlled to be respectively connected with the driving wheel II and the bevel gear I, so that the wind direction angle adjustment of the wind power mechanism and the position adjustment of the material quantity adjusting component can be respectively controlled, different purposes are realized, and the scouring and wearing effects of test particles at the pipeline elbow are better simulated, so that the corresponding detection effect is achieved.

In summary, the invention can more truly simulate the erosion and abrasion effect of particles on the pipe elbow part in the air flow conveying equipment in the actual working process, and is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the test.

Drawings

The technical solution and other advantageous effects of the present application will be made apparent by the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a left side schematic view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the holding tank and feed tank of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an installation section of the swash plate and the elastic plate of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the blower mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall installation of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of portion A of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the drive connection of the movable member to the wind mechanism and the material amount adjusting assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection of the moving member, the second drive wheel and the first bevel gear of the present invention;

fig. 12 is an overall schematic view of the securing mechanism of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a test bed; 11. a control terminal; 12. a first screw; 13. a fixing frame; 2. a fixed box; 21. a support; 211. an external power supply I; 212. an electromagnet I; 22. a telescopic tube; 221. a slider; 23. a side groove I; 24. a first side plate; 241. an external power supply II; 25. a second side plate; 26. a through hole; 261. a ring groove; 3. a feed box; 31. a sloping plate; 32. an elastic plate; 33. a first gear; 34. a U-shaped frame; 35. a connecting shaft; 4. a wind power mechanism; 41. a driving motor; 411. a fan blade; 42. a motor plate; 421. a connecting piece; 43. an L bracket; 431. a fixing member; 44. a lifting ring; 441. a lifting block; 442. a chassis; 45. a second gear; 451. a first synchronizing shaft; 46. a third gear; 461. a second screw; 47. a first driving wheel; 471. an electromagnet II; 48. a swing arm; 481. guiding a ball; 482. a synchronizing shaft II; 5. an adjusting mechanism; 51. a rack; 52. a fourth gear; 521. an electric push rod; 53. bevel gears I; 531. a first fixing groove; 54. bevel gears II; 55. a second driving wheel; 551. a second fixing groove; 56. a movable member; 57. a linear motor; 58. a fixed shaft; 581. an electromagnet III; 59. a support frame; 6. a fixing mechanism; 61. a moving rack; 62. a vertical axis; 621. a first positioning ring; 63. a fixed cylinder; 64. a movable shaft; 641. and a positioning ring II.

Detailed Description

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the application. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the application. Furthermore, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which are for the purpose of brevity and clarity, and which do not themselves indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present application provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the invention provides the technical scheme that: a conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system comprises a test bench 1, a fixed box 2, a feeding box 3, a wind power mechanism 4, an adjusting mechanism 5 and a fixing mechanism 6, wherein a control terminal 11 with a PLC (programmable logic controller) is fixedly installed on the test bench 1, a fixing frame 13 of an H-shaped structure is fixedly welded on the test bench 1, the fixed box 2 is installed on the fixing frame 13, a through hole 26 penetrating through the fixing frame 13 is formed in the fixed box 2, an annular groove 261 is further formed in one end of the through hole 26, a contact sensor (not shown in the figure) connected with the PLC through an electric signal is embedded in the end wall of the annular groove 261, the annular groove 261 is fixedly arranged at the top of the fixed box 2 through bolts, a material quantity adjusting component is arranged in the feeding box 3, a wind power mechanism 4 capable of adjusting a wind power angle is arranged on one side of the through hole 26, the adjusting mechanism 5 is arranged between the material quantity adjusting component and the wind power mechanism 4, the moving part 56 on the adjusting mechanism 5 is used for controlling the quantity of a material quantity and the angle entering the through hole 26, a part of the through hole 26 is also formed in the end wall of the annular groove 261, a contact sensor (not shown in the figure), the end wall of the annular groove 261 is embedded with the end of the pipeline to be tested is fixedly connected with the pipeline to be tested 6, and the end of the pipeline to be tested is fixedly arranged on the other end 6 through the through hole 6, and is fixedly connected with the pipeline to be tested.

It should be further noted that, through installing one end of the pipeline to be tested at one end of the through hole 26, setting the wind power mechanism 4 at the other side of the through hole 26, adjusting the air inlet angle of the wind power mechanism 4 and the material amount in the feeding box 3 falling into the through hole 26 by the adjusting mechanism 5, after the adjustment, using the granular plastic balls as the simulation materials and feeding the simulation materials into the feeding box 3, under the wind direction action of the wind power mechanism 4, making the plastic balls move forward along with the wind direction in the pipeline to be tested, and continuously impacting or flushing the inner wall of the elbow part of the pipeline to be tested, so as to simulate the effect that the actual materials continuously impact the elbow part of the pipeline in the conveying process, and after the test, comparing the quality of the pipeline to be tested before and after the test, obtaining the abrasion condition of the elbow part of the pipeline under the conditions of wind force of different wind directions and different feeding amounts.

As shown in fig. 4-5, the top surface of the fixed box 2 is welded with the support 21 at two opposite positions, an electromagnet 212 is fixedly embedded between the inner walls of one support 21, an external power source one 211 is installed on the outer wall of one side of the support 21, the external power source one 211 and the electromagnet one 212 are controlled through wire connection, the external power source one 211 and the PLC controller are connected through electric signals, a telescopic tube 22 is installed on the outer wall of one side of the fixed box 2 through screws, the telescopic tube 22 is a corrugated tube, a side groove one 23 arranged along the length direction of the telescopic tube is formed on the outer wall of the other side of the fixed box 2, one end of the side groove one 23 is positioned on the outer wall of the fixed box 2 through screws, a side plate one 24 and a side plate two 25 are fixedly installed on the outer walls of the two sides of the fixed box 2 through connecting sheets and bolts of the L shape respectively, an external power source two 241 are installed on the outer wall of one side of the side plate one 24 through electric signals connection, a sliding piece 221 of a U-shaped structure is arranged on the side wall of the opposite sides of the side plate one 24 and the side plate two sides of the side plate two 25 through electric signals connection, and the sliding piece 221 is integrally connected with the sliding piece one end of the two sides of the sliding piece 221 through screws, and the sliding piece 221 is formed by the two side pieces.

It should be further noted that, by manually adjusting the sliding member 221, the length of the telescopic tube 22 is adjusted, and the adjustment can be stopped after the adjustment is performed to a proper position, and then the position of the sliding member 221 is fixed by tightening the set screw.

The feeding box 3 is internally provided with a material quantity adjusting component in a sliding manner along the length direction of the feeding box, the material quantity adjusting component comprises an inclined plate 31 and an elastic plate 32, the bottom of the feeding box 3 is communicated with a through hole 26 in the fixed box 2, the inclined plate 31 is arranged between the inner walls of the feeding box 3 in a sliding manner along the linear direction, the elastic plate 32 is elastically arranged in one end of the inclined plate 31, one end of the elastic plate 32 is always positioned in the inclined plate 31, the other end of the elastic plate is in contact with the inner wall of the feeding box 3 in a propping manner, a connecting block is arranged on the bottom surface of the inclined plate 31 through a screw, a connecting shaft 35 is arranged at one end of the connecting block in a threaded manner, the other end of the connecting shaft 35 penetrates the feeding box 3 and extends to the outer wall, side grooves II are formed in opposite outer walls of two sides of the feeding box 3, a U-shaped frame 34 is arranged between the two opposite sides of the side grooves in a sliding manner, one end of the connecting shaft 35 is fixedly connected with the U-shaped frame 34, and sliding blocks (not shown in the figures) are welded at two ends of the U-shaped frame 34, and the sliding blocks are arranged between the inner walls of the side grooves II.

The gear shaft that rotates the setting runs through in the end wall of feeding case 3, and the gear shaft rotates the setting between the support 21 of both sides, and one of them one end of gear shaft runs through electro-magnet one 212 setting, and gear one 33 is all installed through the key connection in the both ends department of gear shaft, and gear one 33 is incomplete gear, has all seted up a plurality of tooth's socket with gear one 33 looks adaptation on the both ends top surface of U type frame 34.

It should be further noted that, by controlling the rotation of the first gears 33 on both sides, the U-shaped frame 34 synchronously drives the connecting shaft 35 to move and adjust, when the connecting shaft 35 moves linearly, the inclined plate 31 is driven to slide along the inner wall of the feeding box 3, so as to continuously change the size of the feeding hole between the feeding box 3 and the fixed box 2, and in the moving process of the inclined plate 31, one end of the elastic plate 32 is always adjusted along with the synchronous movement of the inclined plate 31 along with the inner wall of the feeding box 3, and the rotation of the first gears 33 is stopped after the adjustment to the proper size of the feeding hole.

It should be noted that the number of tooth grooves on each side of the U-shaped frame 34 is equal to the number of teeth of the first gear 33, the first gear 33 is always meshed with the tooth grooves, each tooth groove corresponds to feeding amounts with different sizes, and the number of tooth grooves passing through the first gear 33 can be adjusted to a proper feeding amount according to requirements.

As shown in fig. 6, the wind power mechanism 4 comprises a driving assembly, a transmission assembly, a lifting assembly and a swing arm assembly, wherein the driving assembly comprises a fan blade 411, a motor plate 42 and a connecting piece 421, the transmission assembly comprises a second gear 45 and a third gear 46, and the lifting assembly comprises a lifting ring 44;

The L bracket 43 is provided with three groups, and its bottom all is through welded fastening on test bench 1, the junction of three groups of L brackets 43 is provided with mounting 431, the mounting 431 includes bearing frame and U type seat, the bearing frame passes through the screw mounting on the diapire of U type seat, still rotate in the centre of bearing frame and be provided with the connecting piece 421 that links as an organic whole with motor plate 42, connecting piece 421 is the triangle-shaped structure setting, there is driving motor 41 through bolt fixed mounting on the motor plate 42, driving motor 41 is the rotating electrical machines, the flabellum 411 is installed on driving motor 41's output shaft, and the flabellum 411 is towards one side setting in the position of through-hole 26 place.

The three groups of L brackets 43 are provided with lifting blocks 441 in a sliding manner, lifting rings 44 are welded in the middle of the three lifting blocks 441, annular guide grooves are formed in the lifting rings 44, swing arm assemblies are further arranged between the connecting pieces 421 and the lifting rings 44, each swing arm assembly comprises a swing arm 48, a guide ball 481 and a second synchronizing shaft 482, each swing arm 48 is in a Z-shaped structure, one end of each second synchronizing shaft 482 is fixedly inserted into one end of each swing arm 48, the other end of each second synchronizing shaft 482 penetrates through one side wall of each U-shaped seat and is rotatably arranged on the other side wall of each U-shaped seat, meanwhile, the connecting pieces 421 penetrate through and are synchronously arranged with the corresponding connecting pieces, and the guide balls 481 are sleeved on the other ends of the swing arms 48 and slide between the inner walls of the guide grooves.

The bottom wall of the lifting ring 44 is provided with a chassis 442 through screws, a second screw 461 in threaded transmission fit with the chassis 442 is penetrated in the middle of the chassis 442, the top of the second screw 461 is in unthreaded arrangement and is rotationally arranged between the inner walls of the bearing seats, the bottom end of the second screw 461 is connected with a third gear 46 which synchronously moves, and the third gear 46 is rotationally arranged on the top surface of the test stand 1 through shaft connection.

The test bench 1 is also provided with a second gear 45 through shaft connection rotation, the second gear 45 is meshed with a third gear 46, a first synchronizing shaft 451 is arranged on the top surface of the second gear 45 through screws, a first driving wheel 47 (the first driving wheel 47 is iron) is arranged at the top end of the first synchronizing shaft 451 through key connection, the first driving wheel 47 is positioned above the first side plate 24, the first synchronizing shaft 451 penetrates through the first side plate 24 and is rotatably arranged between the inner walls of the first side plate 24, an annular electromagnet 471 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the first side plate 24, the top surface of the electromagnet 471 is in contact with the bottom surface of the first driving wheel 47, and the first synchronizing shaft 451 also penetrates through the electromagnet 471.

It should be further noted that, when no current passes through the electromagnet two 471, the driving wheel one 47 is in a movable state, the driving wheel one 47 is controlled to rotate by the action of the driving belt, the synchronous shaft one 451 synchronously drives the gear one 33 to rotate, the gear two 45 is meshed to synchronously rotate with the gear one 33, the screw two 461 synchronously rotates with the gear two 45, the chassis 442 is in threaded connection with the screw two 461, and the lifting block 441 on the outer wall of the lifting ring 44 is equivalent to a limit setting for guiding the chassis 442, so that the chassis 442 drives the lifting ring 44 to lift vertically under the driving of the screw two 461, and when the lifting ring 44 moves upwards, the guide ball 481 slides along the guide groove to one side, so that the swinging arm 48 swings with the guide groove, and the synchronous shaft two 482 on the other end drives the connecting piece to rotate and adjust, so that the motor plate 42 and the driving motor 41 synchronously move downwards with the lifting ring 44, otherwise, the guide ball 481 drives the swinging motor 48 to swing upwards along with the movement of the lifting ring 44, so that the air inlet angle is adjusted upwards with the swinging arm 42 and the driving motor 41.

It should be noted that, when the swing arm 48 is in the vertical state as a whole, the motor plate 42 and the driving motor 41 are in the horizontal state, and the fan blade 411 is arranged opposite to the through hole 26, the air inlet angle is 0 degrees, and the swing arm 48 always moves between the ranges of the two L brackets 43 and does not collide with the L brackets 43 all the time during the whole movement of the guide ball 481.

As shown in fig. 7 to 11, the adjusting mechanism 5 includes a rack 51, a fourth gear 52, a first bevel gear 53, a second bevel gear 54, a second driving wheel 55, and a movable member 56;

the side plate I24 is fixedly provided with a fixed shaft 58 through screws, the fixed shaft 58 is perpendicular to the side plate I24, the fixed shaft 58 is rotatably provided with a bevel gear I53 and a driving wheel II 55, a gear IV 52 is positioned in the middle of the bevel gear I53 and the driving wheel II 55, the fixed shaft 58 penetrates through the middle of the gear IV 52, a supporting frame 59 is arranged below the gear IV 52, the gear IV 52 is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the supporting frame 59 through a bearing ring, the bottom end of the supporting frame 59 is fixed on the side plate I24 through bolts, the bevel gear I53 is positioned at the top of the fixed shaft 58, the driving wheel II 55 is positioned at the bottom end of the fixed shaft 58, the fixed shaft 58 is also provided with a ring-shaped electromagnet III 581, the electromagnet III 581 is embedded on the side plate I24, the electromagnet III 581 and the electromagnet II 471 are connected in parallel with an external power supply II 241 through wires, the driving wheel II 55 is in contact with the top surface of the electromagnet III 581 (wherein the driving wheel II 55 is made of iron), a driving belt is also arranged between the driving wheel II 55 and the driving wheel I47, the bevel gear I53 is meshed with the bevel gear II 54, and one end of the bevel gear 54 and the bevel gear II 54 is fixed into a whole through a key connection.

The rack 51 is slidably disposed along the inner wall of the first side groove 23, one end of the rack 51 is connected with a linear motor 57, the linear motor 57 is mounted on one side wall of the fixing plate through a bolt, and the rack 51 is meshed with the fourth gear 52, so that rotation of the fourth gear 52 is controlled.

The middle of the gear IV 52 is also provided with a movable piece 56 which moves up and down along the fixed shaft 58, the longitudinal section of the movable piece 56 is shown in fig. 11, a second fixed groove 551 is formed in the middle of the top surface of the second driving wheel 55, a first fixed groove 531 is formed in the middle of the bottom surface of the first bevel gear 53, the first fixed groove 531 is positioned right above the second fixed groove 551 and is consistent in size and shape, the first fixed groove 531 is matched with the top end of the movable piece 56, the second fixed groove 551 is matched with the bottom end of the movable piece 56, two mounting holes are formed in the gear IV 52, an electric push rod 521 is mounted in the mounting holes through screws, and the end part of an output shaft of the electric push rod 521 is fixedly connected with one end of the movable piece 56.

It should be noted that, the friction transmission mode is adopted between the movable member 56 and the bevel gear one 53 and between the movable member 56 and the driving wheel two 55, when the output shaft of the electric push rod 521 extends to the longest distance, the bottom end of the movable member 56 is in contact with the fixed slot two 551, otherwise, when the output shaft of the electric push rod 521 is shortened to the shortest, the top end of the movable member 56 is in contact with the fixed slot one 531.

It should be further noted that, firstly, the start and stop of the electric push rod 521 are controlled by the PLC controller, after the electric push rod 521 is started and the output shaft is controlled to extend to the longest and then to stop, at this time, the movable member 56 is connected with the second driving wheel 55 as a whole, then, the movement of the rack 51 is controlled by starting the linear motor 57, so as to rotate and adjust the fourth driving wheel 52, along with the rotation of the fourth driving wheel 52, the movable member 56 synchronously drives the second driving wheel 55 to rotate and output, and the first driving wheel 47 is synchronously driven to rotate and output by the action of the driving belt, so that the second driving wheel 45 drives the third gear 46 to rotate in an engaged manner, and then, the air inlet angle of the fan blade 411 is finally controlled, and after the adjustment is properly stopped, the second external power source 241 is brought into the energized state, and the second electromagnet 471 and the third electromagnet 581 are in the working state, so that the first driving wheel 47 and the second driving wheel 55 are electromagnetically adsorbed and cannot move.

When the electric push rod 521 is started and the output shaft is controlled to shorten to the shortest, the movable piece 56 is connected with the first bevel gear 53 into a whole, then the rotation output of the fourth bevel gear 52 is controlled by the movement of the rack 51, the synchronous action of the movable piece 56 is utilized to enable the first bevel gear 53 to synchronously rotate along with the fourth bevel gear 52 and drive the second bevel gear 54 to rotate and output, so that the gear shaft connected with the second bevel gear 54 drives the first two gears 33 on the gear shaft to rotate, the movement of the U-shaped frame 34 is controlled, the positions of the inclined plate 31 and the elastic plate 32 in the feeding box 3 are controlled, the throughput of particles in the feeding box 3 is adjusted, when the adjustment is stopped after the adjustment is proper, the external power source 211 is started, the first electromagnet 212 is in a working state, and the gear shaft is locked by the adsorption force to prevent the rotation of the first bevel gear shaft.

As shown in fig. 1 and 12, the fixing mechanism 6 includes a moving frame 61, a positioning ring one 621 and a positioning ring two 641;

The top surface of the movable frame 61 is fixedly provided with a vertical shaft 62 which is vertically arranged at the middle position of the movable frame 61 through bolts, the top of the vertical shaft 62 is provided with a first positioning ring 621 through screws, a fixed cylinder 63 which is connected into a whole is welded on the side wall of the vertical shaft 62, the fixed cylinder 63 is horizontally arranged, one end of the fixed cylinder 63 is internally provided with a movable shaft 64 in a sliding manner, the movable shaft 64 is fixedly connected with the fixed cylinder 63 through set screws, the end part of the movable shaft 64 is provided with a second positioning ring 641 through screws, and three sets of set screws are connected with the first positioning ring 621 and the second positioning ring 641 through screws.

The top surface of the test bed 1 is also fixedly provided with a fixed seat through a screw, a first screw rod 12 is rotatably arranged between the two fixed seats on the same side, a rotating motor which is connected with the first screw rod 12 and is driven is arranged on the side wall of one fixed seat through the screw, two ends of the movable frame 61 are respectively arranged in a sliding manner along the outer walls of two sides of the test bed 1, and the first screw rod 12 penetrates through the movable frame 61 and is matched with the movable frame 61 through screw transmission.

It should be further noted that, first, the length of the movable shaft 64 is adjusted to assist in installing the pipe to be tested, after two ends of the pipe to be tested are respectively placed in the first positioning ring 621 and the second positioning ring 641, the movable shaft 64 is locked and fixed, the first positioning ring 621 and the second positioning ring 641 are locked and fixed by the set screw, then the rotating motor is started by the PLC controller, the moving frame 61 moves along with the driving of the first screw 12, when one end of the pipe to be tested contacts with the annular groove 261, the contact sensor is triggered, and at this time, the PLC controller stops the rotating motor, so that one end of the pipe to be tested is connected with the through hole 26 for subsequent testing.

Working principle:

First, the pipe to be measured is mounted on the fixing mechanism 6, and the pipe to be measured is controlled to move to one end of the through hole 26 by controlling the rotation of the first screw 12 and is connected with the annular groove 261;

Then, the movable piece 56 is controlled to be downwards adjusted to be in contact with the second driving wheel 55, so that the second driving wheel 55 and the first driving wheel 47 form transmission, and the meshing output of the second gear 45 and the third gear 46 is indirectly controlled under the linear motion of the rack 51, so that the lifting ring 44 drives the swing arm assembly to rotate and adjust, the air inlet angle of the adjusting fan blade 411 is changed, and the first driving wheel 47 and the second driving wheel 55 are locked and fixed after the air inlet angle is properly adjusted;

Then, the movable piece 56 is controlled to be up-regulated to be in contact with the first bevel gear 53, so that transmission is formed between the first bevel gear 53 and the second bevel gear 54, and under the linear motion of the rack 51, the first bevel gear 53 is enabled to synchronously rotate with the second bevel gear 54, so that the gear shaft synchronously rotates along with the second bevel gear 54 and drives the first gears 33 on two sides to rotate, and along with the rotation of the first gears 33, the U-shaped frame 34 moves linearly, and accordingly the inclined plate 31 and the elastic plate 32 are driven to move and regulate in the feeding box 3 in cooperation with the connecting shaft 35, so that the discharging amount of the feeding box 3 is changed;

after the wind direction angle and the discharge amount are adjusted, taking the granular plastic balls as simulation materials and feeding the simulation materials into the feeding box 3, under the wind force action of the fan blades 411, enabling the plastic balls to move forwards along with the wind direction after falling into the through holes 26, continuously impacting or flushing the inner wall of the elbow part of the pipeline to be tested, thereby simulating the effect that the actual materials continuously impact the elbow part of the pipeline in the conveying process, and after the test is finished, comparing the quality of the pipeline to be tested before and after the test, so that the abrasion condition of the elbow part of the pipeline under the conditions that the wind forces of different wind directions act and different feed amounts can be obtained.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can be communicated with each other; may be directly connected, may be in communication with the interior of two elements or may be in interaction with two elements. The meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

The above description has been made in detail of a conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system provided by the embodiment of the present application, and specific examples are applied herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, where the above description of the embodiment is only for helping to understand the technical solution and core idea of the present application; those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.

Claims (6)

1. A delivery conduit performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic delivery system, comprising:

The test bed (1), install control terminal (11) of taking the PLC controller on test bed (1), and be provided with mount (13) on its top surface, fixed box (2) are installed at the top of mount (13), offer through-hole (26) that run through and set up in fixed box (2), the top of fixed box (2) is provided with feeding case (3) that communicate with each other with through-hole (26);

side plates I (24) and II (25) are respectively arranged on the side walls of the two sides of the fixed box (2);

A material quantity adjusting assembly is arranged between the inner walls of the feeding boxes (3) in a sliding manner, one side of the material quantity adjusting assembly is connected with a connecting shaft (35) extending out of the feeding boxes (3), a U-shaped frame (34) is arranged at the end part of the connecting shaft (35), gears I (33) are arranged at two ends of the U-shaped frame (34) in a meshed manner, and the two gears I (33) are respectively arranged on side walls of two sides of the feeding boxes (3) in a rotating manner;

The material quantity adjusting assembly comprises an inclined plate (31) and an elastic plate (32), wherein two opposite side walls of the inclined plate (31) and the elastic plate (32) are respectively contacted and slid with the inner wall of the feeding box (3), one end of the elastic plate (32) is elastically arranged in the inclined plate (31) and is not separated from the inclined plate (31) all the time, the other end of the elastic plate (32) is contacted with the inner wall of the other side of the feeding box (3), a connecting block is arranged on the bottom surface of the inclined plate (31) through a screw, and one end of a connecting shaft (35) is arranged on the connecting block through threaded connection;

a fixing mechanism (6) is arranged on one side of the through hole (26) in a sliding manner along the length direction of the test bed (1);

the fixing mechanism (6) comprises a movable frame (61), a first positioning ring (621) and a second positioning ring (641), wherein a vertical shaft (62) is arranged on the top surface of the movable frame (61), the first positioning ring (621) is fixed on the top of the vertical shaft (62) through screws, a horizontally arranged fixing cylinder (63) is welded on the side wall of the vertical shaft (62), a movable shaft (64) is arranged at one end of the fixing cylinder (63) in a sliding manner, the fixing cylinder (63) is fixedly connected with the movable shaft (64) through a set screw, and the second positioning ring (641) is arranged on the end part of the movable shaft (64) through screws;

The movable frame (61) slides between the outer walls of the two sides of the test bed (1), screw rods I (12) which are in threaded transmission with the movable frame are penetrated in the two ends of the movable frame (61), fixed seats are arranged at the two ends of the screw rods I (12), the fixed seats are fixed on the test bed (1) through screws, and a rotating motor which is connected with and driven by the screw rods I (12) is arranged on one of the fixed seats;

The wind power mechanism (4), wind power mechanism (4) includes drive assembly, lifting assembly and swing arm assembly, install drive wheel one (47) on the input of drive assembly, and install screw rod two (461) on its output, drive assembly is through the rotation output of the mode control screw rod two (461) of gear engagement, lifting assembly is moved along vertical direction by the screw thread transmission effect of screw rod two (461) and is adjusted, install three group L brackets (43) in lifting assembly's outside, the junction of three group L brackets (43) is provided with mounting (431), drive assembly rotates and sets up on mounting (431), swing arm assembly connects between lifting assembly and drive assembly, through lifting assembly's lift adjustment motion control swing arm assembly's rotation, thereby realize wind power mechanism (4) wind direction angle adjustment;

three lifting blocks (441) are welded on the outer wall of the lifting ring (44), the lifting blocks (441) are arranged in the vertical direction of the L bracket (43) in a sliding mode, the fixing piece (431) comprises a bearing seat and a U-shaped seat, the bearing seat is arranged on the bottom wall of the U-shaped seat through a screw, one end of a second synchronizing shaft (482) penetrates through one side wall of the U-shaped seat and is rotationally arranged on the other side wall of the U-shaped seat, and the top of the second screw rod (461) is arranged in a non-threaded mode and is rotationally arranged between the inner walls of the bearing seat;

The driving assembly comprises fan blades (411), a motor plate (42) and a connecting piece (421), wherein the driving motor (41) is installed on the top surface of the motor plate (42) through bolts, the fan blades (411) are installed on the end part of an output shaft of the driving motor (41), the connecting piece (421) is arranged in a triangular structure, and the connecting piece is installed in the middle of the bottom surface of the motor plate (42) through screws;

The lifting assembly comprises a lifting ring (44), a guide groove which is annularly arranged is formed in the lifting ring (44), and a chassis (442) is arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting ring (44) through screws;

The transmission assembly comprises a second gear (45) and a third gear (46) which are meshed with each other, the second gear (45) and the third gear (46) are both rotatably arranged on the top surface of the test bed (1) through shaft connection, a first synchronizing shaft (451) penetrating through the first side plate (24) is arranged on the second gear (45), a first transmission wheel (47) is arranged at the top end of the first synchronizing shaft (451) through key connection, a second vertically arranged screw rod (461) is arranged on the third gear (46), and the second screw rod (461) penetrates through the chassis (442) and is in threaded transmission fit with the chassis (442);

the swing arm assembly comprises a swing arm (48), a guide ball (481) and a second synchronizing shaft (482), wherein the swing arm (48) is in a Z-shaped structure, the guide ball (481) is installed on one end of the swing arm (48) and is arranged in a sliding mode along the inner wall of the guide groove, one end of the second synchronizing shaft (482) is installed on the other end of the swing arm (48), and the other end of the second synchronizing shaft (482) penetrates through the connecting piece (421) and is synchronously arranged with the connecting piece;

The adjusting mechanism (5) comprises a fourth gear (52), a first bevel gear (53), a second driving wheel (55) and a movable piece (56);

A fixed shaft (58) and a supporting frame (59) which are vertically arranged are arranged on the side plate I (24), a gear IV (52) is rotatably arranged on the supporting frame (59), a bevel gear I (53) and a driving wheel II (55) are respectively rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft (58), a bevel gear II (54) which is synchronous with the gear I (33) is arranged on one side of the bevel gear I (53) in a meshed mode, a rack (51) which slides along the outer wall of the fixed box (2) is arranged on one side of the gear IV (52) in a meshed mode, a driving belt is connected between the driving wheel II (55) and the driving wheel I (47), and a moving part (56) is arranged on the gear IV (52) and moves between the bevel gear I (53) and the driving wheel II (55) in a reciprocating mode along the vertical direction.

2. The simulation test mechanism for the performance of a conveying pipeline of a pneumatic conveying system according to claim 1, wherein two symmetrically arranged supports (21) are welded on the top surface of the fixed box (2), gear shafts are rotatably arranged between the supports (21) on two sides, the gear shafts penetrate through the fixed box (2), an electromagnet I (212) and an external power supply I (211) which are connected through wires are respectively arranged inside and outside one of the supports (21), the electromagnet I (212) is arranged in a ring-shaped structure and is fixedly embedded between the inner walls of the supports (21), the external power supply I (211) is externally embedded on one side wall of the supports (21) and is connected with a PLC through an electric signal, and one end of each gear shaft penetrates through the electromagnet I (212) and is fixedly connected with a bevel gear II (54) through a key;

A telescopic pipe (22) is arranged on the outer wall of one side of the fixed box (2) through a screw, the telescopic pipe (22) is a corrugated pipe, sliding pieces (221) which can be fixedly connected with the telescopic pipe through fastening screws are arranged on a first side plate (24) and a second side plate (25) in a sliding mode, the two sliding pieces (221) are oppositely arranged, and the other end of the telescopic pipe (22) is fixed between the two sliding pieces (221).

3. The simulation test mechanism for the performance of the conveying pipeline of the pneumatic conveying system according to claim 2, wherein the two opposite outer walls of the two sides of the feeding box (3) are provided with side grooves II, the U-shaped frame (34) slides between the side grooves II on the two sides, the top surfaces of the two ends of the U-shaped frame (34) are provided with a plurality of tooth grooves matched with the first gear (33), and the first gear (33) is an incomplete gear.

4. A conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system according to claim 3, wherein a side groove I (23) is formed in the outer wall of the side, facing the side plate I (24), of the fixed box (2), a fixed plate is fixed on the outer wall of the other side of the fixed box (2) through a screw at one end of the side groove I (23), a linear motor (57) is mounted on the fixed plate through a bolt, a rack (51) slides between the inner walls of the side groove I (23), and the end part of an output shaft of the linear motor (57) is fixedly connected with one end of the rack (51);

A first fixed groove (531) is formed in the middle of the bottom surface of the first bevel gear (53), a second fixed groove (551) is formed in the middle of the top surface of the second transmission wheel (55), the first fixed groove (531) and the second fixed groove (551) are positioned in the same vertical direction and are consistent in size and shape, the top end and the bottom end of the movable piece (56) are respectively matched with the first fixed groove (531) and the second fixed groove (551), and friction transmission modes are adopted between the movable piece (56) and the first bevel gear (53) and between the movable piece (56) and the second transmission wheel (55);

Two mounting holes are formed in the gear IV (52), an electric push rod (521) is fixedly mounted in each mounting hole, and the end part of an output shaft of the electric push rod (521) is fixedly connected with the top surface of the bottom end of the movable piece (56).

5. A conveying pipeline performance simulation test mechanism for a pneumatic conveying system according to claim 4, wherein an annular electromagnet II (471) and an electromagnet III (581) are fixedly arranged on the top surface of the side plate I (24), the top of the synchronous shaft I (451) is arranged through the electromagnet II (471), and the bottom end of the fixed shaft (58) is arranged through the electromagnet III (581);

The first driving wheel (47) and the second driving wheel (55) are iron, the first driving wheel (47) is installed on the top end of the first synchronous shaft (451) through key connection, the first driving wheel (47) is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the second electromagnet (471), the second driving wheel (55) is rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the fixed shaft (58), and the second driving wheel (55) is rotatably arranged on the top surface of the third electromagnet (581);

An external power supply II (241) is further embedded on one side wall of the side plate I (24), the external power supply II (241) is connected with the PLC through an electric signal, the electromagnet II (471) and the electromagnet III (581) are connected with the external power supply II (241) in parallel through wires, and the starting and stopping states of the electromagnet II (471) and the electromagnet III (581) are synchronous.

6. The simulation test mechanism for the performance of a conveying pipeline of a pneumatic conveying system according to claim 5, wherein when an output shaft of the electric push rod (521) extends to the longest, the bottom end of the movable piece (56) is connected with the second fixed groove (551) into a whole, the movable piece (56) synchronously drives the second driving wheel (55) to rotate along with rotation of the fourth gear (52), and further synchronously drives the first driving wheel (47) to rotate and output through a driving belt, under the action of the first synchronizing shaft (451), the second gear (45) synchronously rotates along with the first driving wheel (47) and drives the third gear (46) to rotate, the third gear (46) synchronously rotates and outputs the second synchronizing screw (461), so that the chassis (442) drives the lifting ring (44) to move in the vertical direction under the action of thread transmission, when the lifting ring (44) moves upwards, the air inlet angle of the fan blade (411) is adjusted downwards, otherwise, when the lifting ring (44) moves downwards, the air inlet angle of the fan blade (411) is adjusted upwards, and the electromagnet (471) and the electromagnet (581) are in a non-energized state;

When the output shaft of the electric push rod (521) is shortened to the shortest time, the electric push rod (521) is in a reset state, the top end of the movable piece (56) is connected with the first fixed groove (531) into a whole, the movable piece (56) synchronously drives the first bevel gear (53) to rotate along with the rotation of the fourth gear (52) and synchronously drives the second bevel gear (54) to rotate, so that the second bevel gear (54) synchronously drives the first two gears (33) on the gear shaft to rotate through the gear shaft, the position of the material quantity adjusting assembly is adjusted through the movement of the U-shaped frame (34), and the first electromagnet (212) is in a non-energized state.