CN117947367A - Preparation method of simple thin plate supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of simple thin plate supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN117947367A CN117947367A CN202410054874.9A CN202410054874A CN117947367A CN 117947367 A CN117947367 A CN 117947367A CN 202410054874 A CN202410054874 A CN 202410054874A CN 117947367 A CN117947367 A CN 117947367A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010286 high velocity air fuel Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010287 warm spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
A preparation method of a simple sheet supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating belongs to the technical field of non-cutting processing of metal sheets. The invention provides a preparation method of a high wear-resistant WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni coating sprayed on the surface of a low-hardness metal sheet by a supersonic flame, which realizes the recovery of the balance degree of the sprayed metal sheet by a method of preprocessing the small-angle deformation of the metal sheet, gradually releases thermal stress and deformation in the coating spraying process, realizes the integral forming of the surface of the flat coating, reduces the internal stress of the coating and reduces the damage to the coating caused by subsequent processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal plate non-cutting processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a simple thin plate supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating.
Background
The metal material with lower hardness has weaker resistance to wear failure during service, so that economic benefit is increased for prolonging service time of the material, and the preparation of the wear-resistant coating with higher hardness on the surface of the material becomes an optimal method. Supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) technology is widely used in industrial production as an emerging technology. The powder feeder feeds the powdery coating material into the combustion chamber of the apparatus and simultaneously injects the fuel and the combustion improver. The coating powder is heated to a molten or semi-molten liquid drop state in a combustion chamber, and is ejected by high pressure generated by combustion to bombard the surface of a substrate, and after rapid cooling, the liquid drops are mutually stacked to form a compact coating, so that the substrate is protected, and the preparation process is shown in figure 1. The types of fuel and oxidizer used in the supersonic flame spraying technology include (oxygen, air, aviation kerosene, etc.), wherein the type of air employed as oxidizer is called HVAF (High Velocity Air Fuel). Excessive temperatures during spraying can cause excessive melting and oxidative decarburization of the coating material, and the HVAF technique can be used to increase the powder spray rate (750 m/s), also known in the industry as warm spraying, while reducing the combustion chamber temperature (1500 ℃).
Although the HVAF technology has the advantages of convenience, rapidness, strong adaptability and capability of realizing the preparation of surface coatings of various materials, the HVAF technology has obvious problems. Because the coating prepared by adopting the HVAF technology is bombarded on the surface of the matrix by adopting high-temperature liquid drops, the thermal stress and deformation between the coating and the matrix can be increased along with the spraying time and the thickness of the coating in the coating process, so that the matrix is deformed, and the deformation process is closely related to the hardness and the thickness of the matrix. If the problem can not be handled in time, on one hand, a deformed matrix can not be used, and on the other hand, when the deformation of the matrix is too large, a coating with poor plasticity can collapse and fall off. The problem is extremely serious (the thickness is less than 1 mm) on a thin plate, the traditional process usually adopts compensation means such as post-spraying heat treatment, reverse spraying and the like, and patent CN107267907A relates to a deformation compensation method for supersonic flame spraying thin plate-shaped parts, and the back of a matrix simulates the heat input and impact force of a coating side to carry out secondary spraying for equivalent compensation.
In combination with the method used above, the method of patent CN107267907a, while performing the straightening of the base material, is still essentially reverse spray or shot blasting. Impact of the reverse sprayed hard particles against the substrate surface with its impact force conducted to the coating may cause impact cracking at the junction of the coating and the substrate. After compensation of the substrate, the flatness of the back of the substrate material can vary greatly, which can greatly compromise the structural integrity of the workpiece and subsequent processing performance. At the same time, a significant problem should be noted that in most of the studies at this stage, the straightening of the substrate is performed after the preparation of the coating, i.e. the secondary forming, and the coating undergoes an equivalent amount of deformation during the straightening of the substrate. The high wear-resistant coating generally adopts a multiphase composite coating with binding phase and hard particles combined, the plasticity and toughness of the multiphase composite coating are poorer than those of a matrix material, microcracks can be generated in the straightening process, and the subsequent use is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a supersonic flame spraying (HVAF) high wear-resistant coating (WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni) on the surface of a low-hardness metal sheet. The method realizes the recovery of the balance degree of the thin plate after spraying by a thin plate small-angle deformation pretreatment method, gradually releases thermal stress and deformation in the coating spraying process, realizes the integral forming of the flat coating surface, reduces the internal stress of the coating, and avoids the damage to the coating caused by subsequent treatment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A preparation method of a simple sheet supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
Step 1, polishing and grinding the plate;
step 2, performing pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine;
And 3, spraying WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni powder on the sprayed surface of the plate by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode to obtain the flat plate with the wear-resistant coating.
In the step 1, the thickness of the plate is not more than 1 mm; the length is not more than 30 cm; the width is not more than 20 cm.
In the step 2, during the pre-deformation treatment, the plate is bent towards the non-spraying surface, and the bending angle of the non-spraying surface of the plate along the long side is 5 degrees to 15 degrees, preferably 5 degrees.
In the step 3, the particle size of WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni powder ranges from 5 mu m to 30 mu m; the powder comprises 73% WC-20% Cr 3C2 -7% Ni by mass percent.
In the process of supersonic flame spraying, the spraying parameters are as follows: an HVAF device; the air pressure is 69 psi-71 psi; propane pressure of 70 psi-72 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 22 psi-24 psi; the hydrogen pressure is 17 psi-19 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 2 rpm-5 rpm; muzzle distance D is 150 mm-200 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 0.5 m/s-1.5 m/s; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
The pre-deformation treatment must precede the spraying process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Most of the methods adopted in the research at the present stage are shot blasting or reverse spraying technology after spraying is finished, or sheet metal straightening treatment is carried out on the bent and deformed coating and the matrix. The reverse spraying and the shot blasting are essentially the same, and the substrate is compensated by adopting the same amount of heat input and impact force, but it should be noted that the coating has higher hardness and poorer toughness, and tiny cracks can be generated due to deformation and impact action received in the coating in the subsequent spraying. These cracks can develop between subsequent uses, ultimately leading to failure of the coating, and then the shot-blast process processes the substrate backside, which can result in a change in the integrity and finish of the substrate backside, ultimately resulting in failure to meet the process requirements in actual production. The method can realize one-step forming of the surface of the coating with the flat surface of the substrate, reduces the interference of secondary straightening on the coating structure, and simultaneously ensures that the back surface of the substrate is smooth and flat after the spraying is finished, thereby being greatly improved compared with the prior art.
The invention realizes that the coating matrix keeps flat after thermal spraying by carrying out the pre-bending processing treatment on the metal sheet. Thermal stress and impact force in the spraying process are compensated through deformation treatment, so that integrated forming of a flat coating plane is realized. Unlike traditional reverse sand blasting and spraying technology, the back of the substrate is smooth after the spraying is finished, the flatness is high, and the influence on the subsequent processing performance is smaller.
The invention has the advantages that the one-step forming and one-step preparation of the leveling coating is realized by adopting a simple process, and the damage to the coating caused by the subsequent straightening step of the traditional process is avoided. In the invention, the back of the matrix is still smooth and flat after being sprayed, and the surface morphology and the integrity of the material are ensured to the greatest extent. The optimal bending angle is provided for preparing the abrasion-resistant coating of the small-size thin plate made of other materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a supersonic flame spraying process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the materials and results in example 1 of the present invention; wherein (a) is a copper plate with a bending angle of 5 degrees before spraying, (b) is a copper plate after spraying, (c) is a WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni coating, and (d) is a copper matrix at the back of the coating;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the materials and results in example 2 of the present invention; wherein (a) is a copper plate with a bending angle of 7 degrees before spraying, (b) is a copper plate after spraying, (c) is a WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni coating, and (d) is a copper matrix at the back of the coating;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the materials and results in example 3 of the present invention; wherein (a) is a copper plate with a bending angle of 9 degrees before spraying, (b) is a copper plate after spraying, (c) is a WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni coating, and (d) is a copper matrix at the back of the coating;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the materials and results in example 4 of the present invention; wherein (a) is a copper plate with a bending angle of 11 degrees before spraying, (b) is a copper plate after spraying, (c) is a WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni coating, and (d) is a copper matrix at the back of the coating;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the materials and results in example 5 of the present invention; wherein (a) is a copper plate with a bending angle of 13 degrees before spraying, (b) is a copper plate after spraying, (c) is a WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni coating, and (d) is a copper matrix at the back of the coating;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the materials and results in example 6 of the present invention; wherein (a) is a copper plate with a bending angle of 15 degrees before spraying, (b) is a copper plate after spraying, (c) is a WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni coating, and (d) is a copper matrix at the back of the coating.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
The thin plate material used in the examples of the present invention is a copper plate of 0.6X100X 200 mm 3.
Polishing and grinding the copper plate, carrying out pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine, enabling the bending angle of the plate to a non-spraying surface to be 5 degrees, as shown in fig. 2 (a), clamping the plate on an I-beam by adopting a woodworking clamp, and spraying 73% -20% WC-Cr 3C2% -7% Ni powder with the particle size of 5-30 mu m on the surface by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode. Wherein, the spraying parameters adopt: the air pressure was 70 psi; propane pressure was 71 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 23 psi; the hydrogen pressure is 18 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 2 rpm; muzzle distance D is 180 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 1 m/s; combustion chamber pressure 58 psi; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
After the spraying is finished, the obtained wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 2 (c), the thickness of the coating is 18 mu m, the surface of the coating is uniform and compact and has no defects, the back surface of the substrate is smooth and flat, the deformation is not generated, and the wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 2 (d), and the wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 2 (b). The overall flatness is less than 0.15 mm as specified by the standard.
Example 2
The thin plate material used in the examples of the present invention is a copper plate of 0.6X10X10X1250 mm 3.
Polishing and grinding the copper plate, carrying out pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine, enabling the bending angle of the plate to a non-spraying surface to be 7 degrees, as shown in fig. 3 (a), clamping the plate on an I-beam by adopting a woodworking clamp, and spraying 73% -20% WC-Cr 3C2% -7% Ni powder with the particle size of 5-30 mu m on the surface by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode. Wherein, the spraying parameters adopt: the air pressure was 71 psi; propane pressure 72 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 22 psi; the hydrogen pressure is 17 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 2 rpm; muzzle distance D is 150 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 0.5 m/s; combustion chamber pressure 59 psi; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
After the spraying is finished, the obtained wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 3 (c), the thickness of the coating is 18 mu m, the surface of the coating is uniform and compact and has no defects, the back surface of the substrate is smooth and flat, the deformation is not generated, and the deformation is shown in fig. 3 (b). The overall flatness is less than 0.15 mm as specified by the standard.
Example 3
The thin plate material used in the examples of the present invention is a copper plate of 0.8X10X10X103 300 mm 3.
Polishing and grinding the copper plate, carrying out pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine, enabling the bending angle of the plate to a non-spraying surface to be 9 degrees, as shown in fig. 4 (a), clamping the plate on an I-beam by adopting a woodworking clamp, and spraying 73% -20% WC-Cr 3C2% -7% Ni powder with the particle size of 5-30 mu m on the surface by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode. Wherein, the spraying parameters adopt: the air pressure was 69 psi; propane pressure was 70 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 24 psi; the hydrogen pressure was 19 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 3 rpm; muzzle distance D is 200 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 0.75 m/s; combustion chamber pressure 57 psi; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
After the spraying is finished, the obtained wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 4 (c), the thickness of the coating is 20 mu m, the surface of the coating is uniform and compact and has no defects, the back surface of the substrate is smooth and flat, the deformation does not occur, and the substrate is shown in fig. 4 (d), and the wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 4 (b). The overall flatness is less than 0.15 mm as specified by the standard.
Example 4
The thin plate material used in the examples of the present invention is a copper plate of 0.8X100X 250 mm 3.
Polishing and grinding the copper plate, carrying out pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine, enabling the bending angle of the plate to a non-spraying surface to be 11 degrees, as shown in fig. 5 (a), clamping the plate on an I-beam by adopting a woodworking clamp, and spraying 73% -20% WC-Cr 3C2% -7% Ni powder with the particle size of 5-30 mu m on the surface by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode. Wherein, the spraying parameters adopt: the air pressure was 70 psi; propane pressure was 71 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 23 psi; the hydrogen pressure was 19 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 2 rpm; muzzle distance D is 150 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 1.5 m/s; combustion chamber pressure 59 psi; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
After the spraying is finished, the obtained wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 5 (c), the thickness of the coating is 18 mu m, the surface of the coating is uniform and compact and has no defects, the back surface of the substrate is smooth and flat, the deformation is not generated, and the deformation is shown in fig. 5 (b). The overall flatness is less than 0.15 mm as specified by the standard.
Example 5
The thin plate material used in the examples of the present invention is a copper plate of 1×150×200 mm 3.
Polishing and grinding the copper plate, carrying out pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine, enabling the bending angle of the plate to a non-spraying surface to be 13 degrees, as shown in fig. 6 (a), clamping the plate on an I-beam by adopting a woodworking clamp, and spraying 73% -20% WC-Cr 3C2% -7% Ni powder with the particle size of 5-30 mu m on the surface by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode. Wherein, the spraying parameters adopt: the air pressure was 71 psi; propane pressure was 70 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 24 psi; the hydrogen pressure is 17 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 4 rpm; muzzle distance D is 150 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 1 m/s; combustion chamber pressure 59 psi; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
After the spraying is finished, the obtained wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 6 (c), the thickness of the coating is 19 mu m, the surface of the coating is uniform and compact and has no defects, the back surface of the substrate is smooth and flat, the deformation does not occur, and the substrate is shown in fig. 6 (d). The overall flatness is less than 0.15 mm as specified by the standard.
Example 6
The thin plate material used in the embodiment of the invention is a copper plate of 1×100×200 mm 3.
Polishing and grinding the copper plate, carrying out pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine, enabling the bending angle of the plate to a non-spraying surface to be 15 degrees, as shown in fig. 7 (a), clamping the plate on an I-beam by adopting a woodworking clamp, and spraying 73% -20% WC-Cr 3C2% -7% Ni powder with the particle size of 5-30 mu m on the surface by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode. Wherein, the spraying parameters adopt: the air pressure was 70 psi; propane pressure was 70 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 22 psi; the hydrogen pressure was 19 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 5 rpm; muzzle distance D is 200 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 0.5 m/s; combustion chamber pressure 58 psi; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
After the spraying is finished, the obtained wear-resistant coating is shown in fig. 7 (c), the thickness of the coating is 20 mu m, the surface of the coating is uniform and compact and has no defects, the back surface of the substrate is smooth and flat, and the deformation is not generated, as shown in fig. 7 (d), as shown in fig. 7 (b). The overall flatness is less than 0.15 mm as specified by the standard.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the simple thin plate supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1, polishing and grinding the plate;
step 2, performing pre-deformation treatment on the plate by adopting a plate bending machine;
And 3, spraying WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni powder on the sprayed surface of the plate by adopting a supersonic flame spraying mode to obtain the flat plate with the wear-resistant coating.
2. The method for preparing a simple sheet supersonic flame-sprayed wear-resistant coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step1, the thickness of the sheet is not more than 1 mm; the length is not more than 30 cm; the width is not more than 20 cm.
3. The method for preparing the simple sheet supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the plate is bent towards the non-spraying surface during the pre-deformation treatment, and the bending angle of the non-spraying surface along the long side is 5-15 degrees.
4. A method of producing a plain sheet supersonic flame sprayed wear resistant coating in accordance with claim 3, wherein the non-sprayed side of the sheet has a bend angle of 5 ° along the long side.
5. The method for preparing the simple sheet supersonic flame-sprayed wear-resistant coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the particle size range of WC-Cr 3C2 -Ni powder is 5-30 μm; the powder comprises 73% WC-20% Cr 3C2 -7% Ni by mass percent.
6. The method for preparing the simple thin plate supersonic flame spraying wear-resistant coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, spraying parameters in the supersonic flame spraying process are as follows: an HVAF device; the air pressure is 69 psi-71 psi; propane pressure of 70 psi-72 psi; the nitrogen pressure is 22 psi-24 psi; the hydrogen pressure is 17 psi-19 psi; the powder feeding rotating speed T is 2 rpm-5 rpm; muzzle distance D is 150mm-200 mm; muzzle moving speed V is 0.5 m/s-1.5 m/s; spraying is carried out for 1 time.
7. The method for producing a plain sheet supersonic flame sprayed wear resistant coating of claim 1, wherein the pre-deformation treatment must precede the spraying process.
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