CN117906755A - Multi-angle sensor, direct solar radiation and scattering separation measurement method - Google Patents
Multi-angle sensor, direct solar radiation and scattering separation measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, and discloses a multi-angle sensor, a separation measurement method of direct solar radiation and scattering, which comprises the following steps: s1, respectively arranging five solar radiation sensors at the top of a hemispherical surface and front, back, left and right inclined angles of 15-25 degrees, respectively measuring solar radiation intensity by using the five solar radiation sensors facing different directions, S2, on the basis of S1, according to solar radiation intensity measurement values obtained from the five different angles, decomposing the solar radiation intensity into direct radiation intensity and scattered radiation intensity, and respectively outputting respective measurement results. The invention not only can obtain more accurate solar radiation intensity measurement results, but also can carry the sensor on a motion platform after miniaturization so as to realize real-time measurement of direct and scattered intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a multi-angle sensor, a separation measurement method for direct solar radiation and scattering.
Background
The traditional measuring method for direct solar radiation and scattered radiation is to shield the direct solar radiation by using a shading ring so as to realize the measurement of the scattered radiation. However, since the shading ring has a certain area, the shading ring can block a part of sky scattered radiation, and even if the scattered radiation compensation is carried out on the measurement result, the measurement result is still inaccurate, because the shading ring is not an ideal blackbody, and certain reflection exists on the shading ring; in addition, the traditional scattered radiation sensor with the shading ring is required to adjust the shading ring to the corresponding position according to the solar declination on the same day, and the shading ring always shields the sensing surface of the solar radiation sensor to realize the scattered measurement.
From the above description, the problems and drawbacks associated with the use of the prior art for direct solar radiation and scattered radiation measurement are: on one hand, the accuracy of the measurement result is poor; on the other hand, the device can only be fixed on the ground for use, and can not be carried on a moving platform for use, so that the device has very high limitation, and therefore, we propose a multi-angle sensor, a separation measurement method for direct solar radiation and scattering.
Disclosure of Invention
(One) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-angle sensor, a separation measurement method for direct solar radiation and scattering, which can obtain more accurate measurement results of solar radiation intensity, and can be miniaturized and then carried on a motion platform so as to realize the advantages of real-time measurement of direct radiation and scattering intensity and the like, thereby solving the problem of poor accuracy of the measurement results.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose that more accurate solar radiation intensity measurement results can be obtained, and the sensor can be miniaturized and then mounted on a motion platform so as to achieve the purpose of measuring direct radiation and scattering intensity in real time, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a multi-angle sensor, a method for separating and measuring direct solar radiation and scattering comprises the following steps: s1, respectively arranging five solar radiation sensors at the top of a hemispherical surface and front, back, left and right angles of inclination of 15-25 degrees, and respectively measuring solar radiation intensity by using the five solar radiation sensors facing different directions;
s2, on the basis of S1, according to solar radiation intensity measurement values obtained from five different angles, decomposing the solar radiation intensity into direct radiation intensity and scattered radiation intensity, and respectively outputting respective measurement results.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, five light intensity sensors are used to measure the solar radiation value as E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S1, the solar radiation intensity measured values E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright obtained according to five different angles are decomposed into the direct radiation intensity E dir and the scattered radiation intensity E sca, and the description of the basic principle of implementing the direct solar radiation and the scattered separation by the direct solar radiation and the scattered separation measurement method is given in appendix a.
Appendix a: basic principle for realizing direct solar radiation and scattering separation measurement
In the tilted state, all radiation sources received by the sensor include: direct solar radiation E dir, sky scatter E sca, and a small amount of surface reflection E ref;
Since the direct solar radiation intensity measurement is affected by sensor tilt, its quantitative relationship is shown in formula (a.1):
Ed′ir＝Edircosz(A.1)；
since the intensity E s′ca of sky scattered radiation received when the sensor is tilted is also affected by the tilt, the quantitative relationship is shown in formula (a.2):
E′sca＝Escacos2(s/2) (A.2)；
The quantitative relationship of the ground reflected radiation E' ref received by the inclined plane is shown in the formula (A.3):
From the above analysis, it can be seen that: when the sensor plane is tilted, the expression of the solar radiation intensity E m measured directly from different angles, as shown in formula (a.4):
From equation (a.4), it can be seen that: if two or more orientations of solar radiation intensities are utilized, direct E dir and scattered E sca can be resolved. In order to enable the sensor to have better adaptability and enable the calculation result to have better robustness, the separation of the direct solar radiation E dir and the scattered solar radiation E sca can be achieved by utilizing a least square method according to solar radiation intensity measurement values E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright obtained from 5 different angles, and a specific calculation method is shown in a formula (A.5):
the formula (a.5) is written in the form of a matrix, the result of which is shown in the formula (a.6):
Annex B-calculation method of several angles involved in annex A
(1) The zenith angle θ of the direct solar radiation can be determined by the formula (b.1):
cos(θ)＝sin(ψ)sin(δ)+cos(ψ)cos(δ)cos(H) (B.1)；
h can be calculated by formula (b.2):
H＝π/12(Tsolar-12) (B.2)；
(2) The slope s of the sensor inclination can be determined using formula (b.3):
(3) The angle of incidence z of the direct solar radiation on the slope of the tilt sensor can be determined using formula (b.4):
wherein,
a＝arctan2(sina,cosa)+π (B.6)。
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a separation measurement method for multi-angle sensors, direct solar radiation and scattering, which has the following beneficial effects:
According to the multi-angle sensor, the separation measurement method of direct solar radiation and scattering, the solar radiation intensity can be decomposed into the direct radiation intensity and the scattering radiation intensity, and compared with a traditional radiation measurement method, the method not only can obtain more accurate solar radiation intensity measurement results, but also can be miniaturized and then carried on a motion platform, so that the real-time measurement of the direct radiation intensity and the scattering intensity can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hemisphere of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a new method for measuring direct solar radiation and scattering separation;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for realizing direct and scattered separation by measuring the multi-angle inclined solar radiation sensor (adopting a USB-to-485 converter for 5-12V direct current power supply and data transmission);
FIG. 4 is a graph of direct and scatter measurements taken during sunny conditions in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a graph of direct and scatter measurements taken in a cloudy state provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "open," "upper," "lower," "thickness," "top," "middle," "length," "inner," "peripheral," and the like indicate orientation or positional relationships, merely for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for measuring the separation of the direct solar radiation and the scattering of a multi-angle sensor is provided, wherein the method for measuring the separation of the direct solar radiation and the scattering of the multi-angle sensor is as follows: s1, respectively arranging five solar radiation sensors at the top of a hemispherical surface and front, back, left and right angles of inclination of 15-25 degrees, and respectively measuring solar radiation intensity by using the five solar radiation sensors facing different directions;
s2, on the basis of S1, according to solar radiation intensity measurement values obtained from five different angles, decomposing the solar radiation intensity into direct radiation intensity and scattered radiation intensity, and respectively outputting respective measurement results.
The method for measuring the direct solar radiation and the scattering separation has the following basic steps:
s1, acquiring solar radiation values in different directions by using five solar radiation sensors which are respectively arranged at the top of a hemisphere, front, back, left and right; measuring solar radiation intensity measurement data includes: five light intensity sensors measure solar radiation values E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright;
s2, separating direct light and scattering by utilizing a direct solar light and scattering separation method, and respectively outputting respective measurement results;
Further, in S1, solar radiation in different directions including direct solar radiation, scattered radiation and ground reflected radiation received on an inclined plane is obtained by using five solar radiation sensors respectively arranged on the top of a hemisphere and front, rear, left and right;
further, in S2, description is given of a basic principle of the direct solar radiation and scattering separation by the direct solar radiation and scattering separation measurement method, see appendix a.
Appendix a: basic principle for realizing direct solar radiation and scattering separation measurement
In the tilted state, all radiation sources received by the sensor include: direct solar radiation E dir, sky scatter E sca, and a small amount of surface reflection E ref;
Since the direct solar radiation intensity measurement is affected by sensor tilt, its quantitative relationship is shown in formula (a.1):
Ed′ir＝Edircosz(A.1)；
wherein E d′ir is the radiation intensity when the inclined sensor plane has a certain inclination angle with the direct incidence direction, E dir is the radiation intensity when the sensor plane is perpendicular to the direct incidence direction, z is the incidence angle of the direct radiation on the light intensity sensor plane, and z can be calculated by using the formula (b.4) in appendix B.
Since the intensity E s′ca of sky scattered radiation received when the sensor is tilted is also affected by the tilt, the quantitative relationship is shown in formula (a.2):
Es′ca＝Escacos2(s/2)(A.2)；
Wherein E s′ca is the intensity of sky-scattered radiation received on the inclined plane, E sca is the intensity of sky-scattered radiation received on the horizontal plane, s is the slope of the inclined plane of the sensor, and s can be calculated by using formula (B.3) in appendix B.
The quantitative relationship of the ground reflected radiation E r′ef received by the inclined plane is shown in the formula (A.3):
Wherein E ref is the radiation intensity reflected by the ground; For average reflectivity of ground, the average reflectivity of the ground can be expressed as/>, in the visible and near infrared spectrum region While on snow can make/>E g is the intensity of solar radiation received on the horizontal ground, E g＝Edircosθ+Edif, where θ is the angle of incidence of the direct sun on the horizontal ground, and θ can be calculated using equation (b.1) in appendix B.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that: when the sensor plane is tilted, the expression of the solar radiation intensity E m measured directly from different angles, as shown in formula (a.4):
From equation (a.4), it can be seen that: if two or more orientations of solar radiation intensities are used, the direct radiation E dir and the scattered radiation E sca can be calculated, and in order to make the sensor have better adaptability and make the calculation result have better robustness, the separation of the direct solar radiation E dir and the scattered radiation E sca can be realized by using a least square method according to solar radiation intensity measurement values E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright obtained from 5 different angles, and a specific calculation method is shown in a formula (A.5):
the formula (a.5) is written in the form of a matrix, the result of which is shown in the formula (a.6):
it should be noted that: if the incident angle z is greater than or equal to 90 degrees, that is, cos (z) is less than or equal to 0, direct radiation cannot reach the front surface of the light intensity sensor, so that the front surface of the sensor is in shadow, and cos (z) =0 is required; furthermore, the sensor inclination angle is not too small or too large (recommended inclination angle between 15-25 °) because: if too small, the condition number of the constraint matrix is too large, so that the calculation result is too sensitive to errors; if the inclination angle is too large, the calculation result is estimated The influence of (2) is greater.
Annex B-calculation method of several angles involved in annex A
(1) The zenith angle θ of the direct solar radiation can be determined by the formula (b.1):
cos(θ)＝sin(ψ)sin(δ)+cos(ψ)cos(δ)cos(H) (B.1)；
Wherein, psi is the latitude (radian) of a certain point; delta is solar declination, delta= -23.44/180 pi cos (2 pi/365 (n+10)), N is the number of days in a year for a certain date; h is the time angle (referenced by south); h can be calculated by formula (b.2):
H＝π/12(Tsolar-12) (B.2)；
Where T solar is the local sun, i.e. the time determined according to the specific position of the sun, the relation with the local standard time T Lst is that T solar＝TLst+12/π(Lonloc-Lonst)+E,Lonloc is the longitude (radian) of a certain point, lon st is the standard longitude (radian) adopted by the local standard time, E is the correction of precession and rotation speed variation of the earth during revolution around the sun on the local sun, e= [9.87sin (2B) -7.53cos (B) -1.5sin (B) ]/60, and b=2pi (N-81)/364.
(2) The slope s of the sensor inclination can be determined using formula (b.3):
Where v Z is the direction vector of the Z-axis (v Z＝(0,0,1)T);vn is the normal vector of the bevel, v n＝RvZ (R is the rotation matrix, which can be calculated using pitch angle, roll angle and yaw angle).
(3) The angle of incidence z of the direct solar radiation on the slope of the tilt sensor can be determined using formula (b.4):
Wherein θ is the zenith angle of direct solar radiation; s is the gradient of sensor inclination; a is the solar azimuth angle, and a is the inclined slope direction of the sensor; and/> And a can be calculated by the formula (b.5) and the formula (b.6), respectively.
Note that: and a's reference direction needs to be consistent with the time angle H in formula (b.2), i.e. taking south as reference;
wherein,
a＝arctan2(sina,cosa)+π(B.6)；
Wherein,V n(x) and v n(y) are the 1 st and 2 nd elements of v n, respectively; when the sensor is in an absolute level state (i.e./>) There is no slope.
It should be noted that in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-angle sensor, a separation measurement method of direct solar radiation and scattering is characterized in that: the separation measurement method of the multi-angle sensor, the direct solar radiation and the scattering comprises the following steps: s1, respectively arranging five solar radiation sensors at the top of a hemispherical surface and front, back, left and right angles of inclination of 15-25 degrees, and respectively measuring solar radiation intensity by using the five solar radiation sensors facing different directions;
s2, on the basis of S1, according to solar radiation intensity measurement values obtained from five different angles, decomposing the solar radiation intensity into direct radiation intensity and scattered radiation intensity, and respectively outputting respective measurement results.
2. The method for measuring the separation of the multi-angle sensor, the direct solar radiation and the scattering according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the solar radiation value is measured to be E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright by using five light intensity sensors in the step S1.
3. The method for measuring the separation of the multi-angle sensor, the direct solar radiation and the scattering according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S1, according to the solar radiation intensity measurement values E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright obtained at five different angles, the solar radiation intensity is decomposed into a direct radiation intensity E dir and a scattered radiation intensity E sca, and the description of the basic principle of implementing the direct solar radiation and the scattered separation by the direct solar radiation and the scattered separation measurement method is given in the appendix a.
Appendix a: basic principle for realizing direct solar radiation and scattering separation measurement
In the tilted state, all radiation sources received by the sensor include: direct solar radiation E dir, sky scatter E sca, and a small amount of surface reflection E ref;
Since the direct solar radiation intensity measurement is affected by sensor tilt, its quantitative relationship is shown in formula (a.1):
E′dir＝Edircos z (A.1)；
Since the intensity E' sca of sky scattered radiation received when the sensor is tilted is also affected by the tilt, the quantitative relationship is shown in formula (a.2):
E′sca＝Escacos2(s/2) (A.2)；
The quantitative relationship of the ground reflected radiation E' ref received by the inclined plane is shown in the formula (A.3):
From the above analysis, it can be seen that: when the sensor plane is tilted, the expression of the solar radiation intensity E m measured directly from different angles, as shown in formula (a.4):
From equation (a.4), it can be seen that: if two or more orientations of solar radiation intensities are utilized, direct E dir and scattered E sca can be resolved. In order to enable the sensor to have better adaptability and enable the calculation result to have better robustness, the separation of the direct solar radiation E dir and the scattered solar radiation E sca can be achieved by utilizing a least square method according to solar radiation intensity measurement values E top,Efront,Eback,Eleft,Eright obtained from 5 different angles, and a specific calculation method is shown in a formula (A.5):
the formula (a.5) is written in the form of a matrix, the result of which is shown in the formula (a.6):
Annex B-calculation method of several angles involved in annex A
(1) The zenith angle θ of the direct solar radiation can be determined by the formula (b.1):
cos(θ)＝sin(ψ)sin(δ)+cos(ψ)cos(δ)cos(H) (B.1)；
h can be calculated by formula (b.2):
H＝π/12(Tsolar-12) (B.2)；
(2) The slope s of the sensor inclination can be determined using formula (b.3):
(3) The angle of incidence z of the direct solar radiation on the slope of the tilt sensor can be determined using formula (b.4):
wherein,
a＝arctan2(sina,cosa)+π (B.6)。
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